WO2006067528A2 - Systemes de connexion sans contact - Google Patents

Systemes de connexion sans contact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006067528A2
WO2006067528A2 PCT/GB2005/050257 GB2005050257W WO2006067528A2 WO 2006067528 A2 WO2006067528 A2 WO 2006067528A2 GB 2005050257 W GB2005050257 W GB 2005050257W WO 2006067528 A2 WO2006067528 A2 WO 2006067528A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
uwb
data
connector
interfaces
coupling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/050257
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2006067528A3 (fr
Inventor
Mark Justin Moore
Jack Arnold Lang
Stephen Ellwood
Original Assignee
Artimi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB0428046.7A external-priority patent/GB0428046D0/en
Application filed by Artimi Ltd filed Critical Artimi Ltd
Priority to JP2007547673A priority Critical patent/JP2008526066A/ja
Publication of WO2006067528A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006067528A2/fr
Publication of WO2006067528A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006067528A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H04B5/48—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/71635—Transmitter aspects

Definitions

  • This invention is generally concerned with the use of near-field or inductively coupled UWB (Ultra Wide Band) systems to implement high speed electrical data connectors without the need for a direct electrical connection.
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • Ultra-wideband communications systems employ very short pulses of electromagnetic radiation (impulses) with short rise and fall times, resulting in a spectrum with a very wide bandwidth.
  • Some systems employ direct excitation of an antenna with such a pulse which then radiates with its characteristic impulse or step response (depending upon the excitation).
  • Such systems are referred to as carrierless or "carrier free” since the resulting rf emission lacks any well-defined carrier frequency.
  • other UWB systems radiate one or a few cycles of a single or multiple high frequency carriers.
  • Various modulation techniques may be employed including pulse position, amplitude and/or phase modulation, CDMA (code division multiple access)- based techniques and OFDM (orthogonal frequency division rnultiplexed)-based techniques (in multicarrier systems).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division rnultiplexed
  • the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) defines UWB as a -1OdB bandwidth of at least 25% of a centre (or average) frequency or a bandwidth of at least 1.5GHz; the US DARPA definition is similar but refers to a -2OdB bandwidth.
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • UWB defines UWB as a -1OdB bandwidth of at least 25% of a centre (or average) frequency or a bandwidth of at least 1.5GHz; the US DARPA definition is similar but refers to a -2OdB bandwidth.
  • Such formal definitions are useful and clearly differentiates UWB systems from conventional narrow and wideband systems but the techniques described
  • UWB communications systems have a number of advantages over conventional systems. Broadly speaking, the very large bandwidth facilitates very high data rate communications and since pulses of radiation are employed the average transmit power (and also power consumption) may be kept low even though the power in each pulse may be relatively large. Also, since the power in each pulse is spread over a large bandwidth the power per unit frequency may be very low indeed, allowing UWB systems to coexist with other spectrum users and, in military applications, providing a low probability of intercept.
  • the short pulses also make UWB communications systems relatively unsusceptible to multipath effects since multiple reflections can in general be resolved. The use of short pulses also facilitates high resolution position determination and measurement in both radar and communication systems. Finally UWB systems lend themselves to a substantially all-digital implementation, with consequent cost savings and other advantages.
  • Figure Ia shows an example of a UWB transceiver 100 comprising a transmit/receive antenna 102 coupled, via a transmit/receive switch 104, to a UWB receiver 106 and UWB transmitter 108.
  • a transmit/receive antenna 102 coupled, via a transmit/receive switch 104, to a UWB receiver 106 and UWB transmitter 108.
  • separate transmit and receive antennas may be provided.
  • the UWB transmitter 108 may comprise an impulse generator modulated by a base band transmit data input and, optionally, an antenna driver (depending upon the desired output power).
  • a base band transmit data input may comprise an impulse generator modulated by a base band transmit data input and, optionally, an antenna driver (depending upon the desired output power).
  • modulation techniques may be employed, for example on-off keying (transmitting or not transmitting a pulse), pulse amplitude modulation, or pulse position modulation.
  • a typical transmitted pulse is shown in Figure Ib and has a duration of less than Ins and a bandwidth of the order of gigahertz.
  • Figure Ic shows an example of a earner-based UWB transmitter 120.
  • This form of transmitter allows the UWB transmission centre frequency and bandwidth to be controlled and, because it is carrier-based, allows the use of frequency and phase as well as amplitude and position modulation.
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • M-ary PSK phase shift keying
  • an oscillator 124 generates a high frequency carrier which is gated by a mixer 126 which, in effect, acts as a high speed switch.
  • a second input to the mixer is provided by an impulse generator 128, filtered by an (optional) bandpass filter 130.
  • the amplitude of the filtered impulse determines the time for which the mixer diodes are forward biased and hence the effective pulse width and bandwidth of the UWB signal at the output of the mixer.
  • the bandwidth of the UWB signal is similarly also determined by the bandwidth of filter 130.
  • the centre frequency and instantaneous phase of the UWB signal is determined by oscillator 124, and may be modulated by a data input 132.
  • An example of a transmitter with a centre frequency of 1.5GHz and a bandwidth of 400MHz is described in US 6,026,125. Pulse to pulse coherency can be achieved by phase locking the impulse generator to the oscillator.
  • the output of mixer 126 is processed by a bandpass filter 134 to reject out-of-band frequencies and undesirable mixer products, optionally attenuated by a digitally controlled rf attenuator 136 to allow additional amplitude modulation, and then passed to a wideband power amplifier 138 such as a MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), and transmit antenna 140.
  • the power amplifier may be gated on and off in synchrony with the impulses from generator 128, as described in US' 125, to reduce power consumption.
  • Figure Id shows a block diagram of a UWB receiver 150.
  • An incoming UWB signal is received by an antenna 102 and provided to an analog front end block 154 which comprises a low noise amplifier (LNA) and filter 156 and an analog-to-digital converter 158.
  • a set of counters or registers 160 is also provided to capture and record statistics relating to the received UWB input signal.
  • the analog front end 154 is primarily responsible for converting the received UWB signal into digital form.
  • the digitised UWB signal output from front end 154 is provided to a demodulation block 162 comprising a correlator bank 164 and a detector 166.
  • the digitised input signal is correlated with a reference signal from a reference signal memory 168 which discriminates against noise and the output of the correlator is then fed to the detector which determines the n (where n is a positive integer) most probable locations and phase values for a received pulse.
  • the output of the demodulation block 162 is provided to a conventional forward error correction (FEC) block 170.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the receiver FEC block 170 comprises a trellis or Viterbi state decoder 172 followed by a (de) interleaver 174, a Reed Solomon decoder 176 and (de) scrambler 178.
  • other codings/decoding schemes such as turbo coding may be employed.
  • the output of FEC block is then passed to a data synchronisation unit 180 comprising a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) block 182 and de-framer 184.
  • the data synchronisation unit 180 locks onto and tracks framing within the received data separating MAC (Media Access Control) control information from the application data stream(s) providing a data output to a subsequent MAC block (not shown).
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • a control processor 186 comprising a CPU (Central Processing Unit) with program code and data storage memory is used to control the receiver.
  • the primary task of the control processor 186 is to maintain the reference signal that is fed to the correlator to track changes in the received signal due to environmental changes (such as the initial determination of the reference waveform, control over gain in the LNA block 156, and on-going adjustments in the reference waveform to compensate for external changes in the environment).
  • Physical contact connectors are always a weak point in a system for reliability, robustness, and in some cases bandwidth of throughput. This is particularly so in difficult, dirty or hazardous environments, or where the connector is frequently used, such as in a PC docking station or a cell phone or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) cradle. It would therefore be advantageous to be able to replace bus and other connections with a "contactless connector", that is a connector not reliant upon a direct electrical contact between the connecting portions.
  • a data connector system having a first connector portion and a second connector portion, said first connector portion comprising a UWB transmitter with a data input and a first UWB coupling element driven by said UWB transmitter, said second connector portion comprising a second UWB coupling element and a UWB receiver with a data output, said UWB receiver having an input from said second UWB coupling element, and wherein said data connector system has a connected configuration in which said first and second UWB coupling elements are within an operative range of one another such that said coupling elements are inductively coupled to one another to permit data to be transferred from said data input to said data output, and a disconnected configuration in which said first and second connector portions are separated by greater than said operative range.
  • the operative range is equal to or less than a near-field range of these coupling elements; such a near-field range may conveniently be defined as equal to a wavelength at a centre or average frequency of the UWB band in which the connector system operates (in the case of a multiband system the centre frequency of a centre band may be employed).
  • the operative range may be defined as less than a wavelength at a maximum frequency of the UWB band employed by the system at, say, a -3dB or a -1 OdB point.
  • the inductive UWB coupling elements may comprise either monopole or bipole elements; the "gap" between these elements typically comprises a non-conductive material, for example part of a plastic casing.
  • first and second connector portions may either comprise part or all of the conventional style connector configured for mechanical rather than electrical interfacing, or they may be built into equipment, for example an electronic device and an associated docking station.
  • first and second coupling elements when the first and second connector portions are connected the first and second coupling elements may be substantially aligned with one another, for example parallel or anti-parallel, or more particularly they may have aligned polarizations.
  • the UWB coupling elements have a relatively low degree of polarization so that such alignment is not critical or necessary at all.
  • One or both of the first and second connector portions may be provided with a plurality of UWB coupling elements which may have substantially the same or different mutual alignments or orientations.
  • UWB coupling elements may provide different data connectivity and, in particular, may invoke different data processing functions.
  • connection to one UWB coupling element of a connector portion may invoke a first data processing function whereas connection to another coupling element of the same connector portion may invoke a second data processing function.
  • Such data processing functions may include one or more of a data storage function, a data retrieval function, and a print function (for example for a digital imaging device). In this way a wide range of functions may be provided and selected by a user by simply "connecting" to an appropriate UWB coupling element.
  • each UWB coupling element may have a dedicated associated UWB transmitter or receiver (or transceiver) and data processing, or data streams of a plurality of UWB coupling elements may be combined and a data processing function identification system may be generated responsive to connection to a said coupling element.
  • the very high data rates facilitated by short range UWB transmission enable a plurality of serial and/or parallel data streams to be multiplexed and sent across a single UWB connection.
  • one of the first and second connector portions includes a data multiplexer and the other a data de-multiplexer; such an arrangement may be employed to multiplex for example, a data bus and a video data connection across the UWB link.
  • the data connection system is bi-directional, each connector portion including both a UWB transmitter and a UWB receiver; shared or different coupling elements may be employed for the transmitter and receiver.
  • the connector system includes an inductive electrical power transfer system and thus, for example, each of the first and second connector portions may include one or more electrical coils which couple inductively when the connector portions are brought within the operative range (or in other embodiments mated with one another).
  • a connector portion includes more than one coil the coils need not all be the same shape, size or area, and maybe configured to allow a degree of translational and/or rotational freedom of the inductive coupling units relative to one another whilst still providing contactless electrical energy transfer; the same is true of the UWB link elements.
  • Such an arrangement facilitates a connection system which entirely lacks a direct mutual electrical connection between the first and second connector portions.
  • a connector system may be implemented for an electronic device and a docking station for the device; in this case one portion of the connector system is installed within the electronic device and the other portion of the connector system in the docking station.
  • the electronic device may comprise, for example, a consumer electronic device such as a mobile phone, laptop computer, digital camera, PDA, a portable music or video device, and the like.
  • a single docking station may have provision for simultaneous connection with a plurality of electronic devices, for example by providing the docking station with a plurality of first (or second) connector portions.
  • a contactless connector system as described above is also useful in a hostile or hazardous environment such as an underwater environment for an environment for which there is a spark risk such as a chemical processing plant.
  • a substantially environmentally sealed electronic device may be provided by incorporating within the device a data connector system connector portion as described above.
  • an electrical backplane having a plurality of card sockets each incorporating one (or both) of the first and second connector portions; the invention further provides a card having one or more complementary connector portions, for mechanical attachment/mounting on the backplane to provide an inductive UWB coupling between the card and backplane.
  • a UWB data connector system said connector system having a first and second connector parts, said connector parts being configured to mechanically interface to one another, each of said connector parts including a UWB coupling element, and wherein when said first and second connector parts are interfaced one of said UWB coupling elements is in the near field of the other UWB coupling elements.
  • the invention provides a method of providing an electrical data connection using UWB coupling elements, the method comprising: receiving data for transmission across said connection; encoding said data as a UWB signal; transmitting said UWB signal from a first of said coupling elements; receiving said UWB signal at a second of said UWB coupling elements; and recovering said data from said received UWB signal; and wherein the method further comprises: inductively coupling said first and second UWB coupling elements.
  • the encoding encodes the data as an impulsive UWB signal, preferably using one or more patterns or "chirps" of UWB impulses these may be modulated in timing, amplitude and/or phase to encode the data and/or a form of code domain multiple access may be employed using a plurality of different patterns to implement a plurality of different data channels across a single said data connection.
  • One or more data bits, optionally forward error corrected or otherwise coded, may be associated with each pattern of UWB impulses.
  • the invention also provides an electrical data connector comprising UWB coupling elements, said connector comprising: means for receiving data for transmission across said connection; means for encoding said data as a UWB signal; means for transmitting said UWB signal from a first of said coupling elements; means for receiving said UWB signal at a second of said UWB coupling elements; and means for recovering said data from said received UWB signal; and wherein said connector is further configured for inductive coupling of said first and second UWB coupling elements.
  • the invention provides a docking station for an electronic device, said electronic device having a plurality of separate data connections coupled to a near-field UWB interface, said docking station having a near- field USB interface coupled to one or both of a multiplexer and de-multiplexer, whereby said docking station is enabled to connect via an inductive wireless UWB connection to said separate data connections of said electronic device.
  • the docking station also includes an inductive electrical power supply system for the electronic device.
  • the separate data connections preferably include a video data connection, and may also include one or more serial and/or parallel data connections such as a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection, a PCI bus connection, a FireWire connection, an ethemet connection, and the like.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
  • FireWire FireWire
  • ethemet connection ethemet connection
  • the invention also provides an environmental Iy sealed electronic device having one or more external data connections all coupled to a near-field UWB interface, whereby the device is operable using said one or more external data connections without making direct electrical connection to the device.
  • the sealed electronic device also includes a receiver to receive electrical power for powering the device inductively from an external power supply unit, for example for charging rechargeable batteries.
  • the invention provides a method of operating an electronic device in a hostile environment, the method comprising: providing data communications for the device using a near-field UWB coupling; providing an electrical power supply for the device using an inductive coupling; and operating the device using said electrical power supply to communicate data over said near-field UWB coupling.
  • the invention further provides a method of providing short-range UWB data communications, the method comprising: inputting data to be communicated; encoding said data as pattern of UWB impulses; transmitting said pattern of impulses from a UWB transmitter to a UWB receiver; receiving said pattern of impulses at said receiver; decoding said pattern of impulses to provide decoded data; and outputting said decoded data.
  • the UWB impulses are transmitted at a power level which is sufficiently low to substantially suppress multipath components of the transmitted signal from being received.
  • the invention also provides a short-range UWB data communications transmitter comprising: means for inputting data to be communicated; means for encoding said data as a pattern of UWB impulses; and means for transmitting said pattern of impulses from a UWB transmitter to a UWB receiver.
  • the invention also provides a UWB data communications receiver, comprising: a received signal input to receive a pattern of UWB impulses; means for decoding said pattern of impulses to provide decoded data; and means for outputting said decoded data.
  • the invention further provides a method of selecting an operational function to be implemented by an interface unit for an electronic device, said electronic device having a short-range UWB communications interface, said interface unit having a plurality of complementary short-range UWB communications interfaces spaced apart over a region of said unit, each said interface being associated with one of said operational functions, the method comprising selecting a said operational function by bringing the UWB communications interface of said electronic device into range of a selected one of said UWB communications interfaces of said interface unit.
  • the UWB communications interface has a range which is short enough to enable selective communications with a selected interface of the interface unit, although the selecting may additionally or alternatively comprise selecting a relative orientation of the electronic device and interface unit interfaces.
  • the invention further provides an interface unit for implementing a selected one of a plurality of operational functions for an electronic device having a short-range UWB communications interface, said interface unit having a plurality of complementary short-range UWB communications interfaces spaced apart over a region of said unit, each said interface being associated with one of said operational functions, said interface unit comprising means for selecting a said operational function for implementing in response to said electronic device being brought into communications range of a corresponding said communications interface.
  • the invention provides an electrical backplane system, the system comprising: a backplane; a plurality of mechanical connectors mounted on said backplane, each configured to receive an electronic circuit; a plurality of UWB coupling devices, at least one associated with each said mechanical connector; and one or more wired communications links between two or more of said UWB coupling devices.
  • the UWB coupling devices comprise inductive or near field coupling devices; the links between two or more of these coupling devices may either be passive or active. Where active links are employed preferably bi-directional communication between the coupling devices is provided.
  • the back plane may comprise, for example, a back plane or a server rack (in which case the electronic circuits may comprise blade servers), or a communications rack, or part of a personal computer chassis, in which case the back plane may comprise part of a motherboard.
  • the invention provides a UWB data connector system, the system comprising a first UWB transceiver; a second UWB transceiver; a first set of software drivers for said first UWB transceiver; and a second set of software drivers for said second UWB transceiver, wherein said first set of drivers comprises a first UWB multiplex driver for providing a plurality of first interfaces to said first UWB transceiver, and a plurality of second drivers coupled to said plurality of first interfaces to provide a plurality of software interfaces; and wherein said second set of drivers comprises a second UWB multiplex driver for providing a plurality of second interfaces to said second UWB transceiver, and a plurality of third drivers coupled to said plurality of second interfaces to provide a plurality of hardware interfaces.
  • the software interfaces comprise application program interfaces
  • the hardware interfaces which may be either internal or external, comprise any one of a plurality of different standard interfaces employed with computers and consumer electronic devices.
  • Such interfaces include (but are not limited to) RS-232, RS-423, RS-485, IEEE-488, IEEE-1394, USB, USB 2, personal computer parallel port, video, composite video, S-video, RGB video, PCI bus, PCI-express bus, PCMCIA interface, Ethernet, and a digital camera interface (any of the various types implemented).
  • any standard hardware interface for example a standard interface defined by the IEEE, the EIA, the IEC, the ISO or any other standards organisation may be implemented.
  • the software interfaces are configured to provide standard interfaces the hardware interfaces so that, in embodiments, the UWB data connector system is substantially transparent to application software using the system.
  • Preferred embodiments communicate data between the software and hardware interfaces using a plurality of protocols concurrently; preferably the UWB data connector system employs protocol tunnelling to (synchronously) carry a plurality of different protocols across the UWB link between the two transceivers.
  • protocol translation may also be provided so that, for example, an IEEE-1394 (Firewire- TM) driver interface may be used to write to Ethernet or a PCI-express bus.
  • Embodiments of the system may also be used to implement a direct bus-to-bus bridge or a bus-to-multibus bridge, in particular because of the high bandwidth and low latency of UWB communications.
  • the first and second sets of software drivers include a service discovery protocol for discovering when another connector (comprising a transceiver and multiplex driver) is within range and for discovering services provided or requested by this other connector.
  • the second set of software drivers (which provide the hardware interfaces) may advertise the interfaces available to the first set of software drivers, which may then make available appropriate software interfaces to the application programs.
  • a service discovery protocol may include one or more of a protocol to detect a nearby UWB data connector, a protocol to advertise one or more services which may be offered and a protocol to make available one or more drivers responsive to a service advertisement.
  • the invention provides a UWB data connector system, the system comprising a first UWB transceiver; a second UWB transceiver; at least one driver for said first UWB transceiver; and at least one driver said second UWB transceiver; and wherein one or both of said drivers include a service discovery protocol for discovering one or more services provided or requested by the other said UWB transceiver and driver.
  • the UWB data connector system may further comprise a third UWB transceiver and a corresponding set of software drivers, to implement point-to-multipoint data connection.
  • Figures Ia to Id show, respectively, UWB transceiver, and transmitted UWB signal, a carrier-based UWB transmitter, and a block diagram of a UWB receiver;
  • Figures 2a to 2c show, respectively, a data connector system according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, inductive (transformer) coupling between a pair of UWB coupling elements, and an inductive electrical power transfer system for use with embodiments of the invention;
  • Figures 3a and 3b show, respectively, a docking station and a mechanical connector incorporating embodiments of the invention
  • FIGS. 4a to 4d illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show embodiments of an aspect of the invention which provides selectable coupling-based functionality
  • Figures 6a and 6b show an embodiment of the invention configured to provide a plurality of multiplexed data connections
  • Figures 7a to 7c show examples of electronic devices and associated docking stations implementing embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a data connection system for a laptop docking station
  • Figure 9 shows a block diagram of a UWB connector system encoding data bits sent tlirough the connector as patterns of UWB impulses
  • Figures 10a and 10b show a view from above and a side view of a UWB data connection back plane and associated electronic circuit cards;
  • Figures 11a and 1 Ib show first and second examples of driver architectures for UWB data connectors systems.
  • a data connection system 200 comprising a first connector portion 202 coupled to a second connector portion 204 by means of an inductive or "transformer coupling 206 implemented using a pair of UWB coupling elements 208a, b.
  • Each of these UWB coupling elements may comprise, for example, a conventional UWB antenna, the pair of antennas being positioned relative to one another such that each is in the near field of the other, or closer.
  • Connector portion 202 comprises a UWB transmitter 210 having a data input 212 and providing a UWB signal output to coupling element 208a.
  • Connector portion 204 comprises a UWB receiver 214 which receives a UWB signal from coupling element 208b and provides a corresponding data output 216.
  • the system comprising transmitter 210, coupling element 208a, coupling element 208b and receiver 214 is not designed to radiate externally to the connector system. Broadly speaking the connector system is designed to implement the "last inch" of a data connection and can thus operate at very low power, among other things reducing the risk of interference.
  • FIG. 2b illustrates the UWB coupling elements 208a, b in more detail.
  • these comprise what the inventors have termed "bishops hat” antennas as described in detail in the applicant's co-pending PCT patent application GB2003/005070 filed 21 November 2003, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • the mutual separation and/or orientation of the pair of UWB coupling elements may be varied.
  • Figure 2c shows a contactless inductive electrical power transfer system 250 which may be incorporated within connectors 202, 204 of the data connector system 200 shown in figure 2 a.
  • the power transfer system comprises a power transmitting system 252 and a power receiving system 254, the power transmitting system receiving power from a source such as a mains (or grid) supply and the power receiving system 254 providing a preferably a DC power output for powering an electronic device, in particular a portable electronic device.
  • the transmitter 252 comprises a power supply 256 providing DC power to one or more drivers 258 which, in turn, provide a low frequency drive signal to one or more power transmission coils 260.
  • the receiver 254 comprises one or more power receiving coils 262 which, when the connector system is in use, are located in close proximity to the transmitting coils 260 to thereby receiver power inductively from the transmitter unit 252.
  • the power received by coils 262 is provided to a power conversion unit 264 which typically rectifies and smooths the received signal providing a low voltage DC power output 266.
  • Suitable inductive power transmission systems are described in more detail in GB 2,399,230, GB 2,399,225, GB 2,399,226, GB 2, 399,227, GB 2,399,228, GB 2, 399, 229 and GB 2, 398,176, to which reference can be made, as well as in a number of other similar publications.
  • FIG 3 a this shows, schematically, a portable electronic device 300 connected via a data connector system as described above to a docking station 302.
  • the electronic device 300 has a substantially planar surface 304 which abuts a corresponding substantially planar surface 306 of the docking station in such a way that the UWB coupling elements 208a, b are in close proximity to one another and, in the illustrated example, approximately aligned (in figure 3a like elements to those of figure 2a - c are indicated by like reference numerals).
  • the data connector system also includes a power transfer system comprising coils 260, 262.
  • UWB coupling element 208a and coil 262 are arranged on or adjacent to surface 304 of device 300 (surface 304 being formed from a nonconducting material such as plastic) and likewise coupling element 208b and coil 260 are arranged on or adjacent to an inner surface of face 306 of docking station 302.
  • surface 304 being formed from a nonconducting material such as plastic
  • coupling element 208b and coil 260 are arranged on or adjacent to an inner surface of face 306 of docking station 302.
  • Figure 3b shows an alternative embodiment of a data connector system 350 in which coupling elements 208a, b and, optionally coil 260, 262 are incorporated within mechanically mating connector portions 352, 354.
  • Connector portions 352, 354 are configured to releasably mechanically engage with one another, for example by means of clips 356 so that when the connectors are engaged UWB coupling elements 208a, b inductively couple in the near-field to one another to provide a high speed data connection or optionally coils 260, 262 providing electrical power.
  • FIG 4a shows an alternative embodiment of a data connector system 400 similar to system 200 of figure 2a and in which like elements are indicated by like reference numerals.
  • each of the first and second connector portions 402, 404 incorporate a respective UWB transceiver 406, 408 to provide a bi-directional inductive UWB data communications connection.
  • provision may also be made for bi-directional inductive electrical power transfer.
  • FIGs 4b and 4c illustrate that UWB transmitter 210 of figure 2a and/or UWB receiver 214 of figure 2a maybe coupled to two or more UWB coupling elements 208aa, 208ab, 208ba, 208bb.
  • these UWB coupling elements may be provided at different locations and/or in different orientations with respect to one another to facilitate UWB data coupling, for example in the docking station configuration of figure 3a or a similar data connector system in which precise alignment of the connecting portions of the system is not readily achievable.
  • FIG. 5 a shows a connector system 500 incorporating means for selecting an operational function in response to selection of a UWB connection.
  • an electronic device 502 comprises a UWB transceiver 504 having a data input/output connected to a UWB coupling element 506.
  • An interface unit 508 such as a docking station comprises a plurality of complementary UWB interfaces 510, 512 spaced apart on the interface unit 508 so that one or another of the interfaces may be selected by selective placement of the electronic device 502 on the interface unit.
  • UWB interface 510 comprises a UWB coupling element and UWB receiver whilst interface 512 comprises a UWB coupling element and a UWB transceiver.
  • Interface 510 provides a data output to a printer interface 514 for driving a printer 516 whilst interface 512 provides a data input/output to a data storage interface 518 for writing data into and/or reading data from a data storage device 520.
  • UWB coupling element 506 is placed adjacent to interface 510 a print function is invoked whereas when UWB coupling element 506 is placed adjacent to interface 512 a data storage/retrieval function is invoked.
  • Figure 5b shows another method of providing similar functionality in which both of interfaces 510, 512 are coupled to a common controller 522 which provides a data input/output connection 524 and a function identification signal 526 identifying a required function in response to the interface 510, 512 to which a connection is made.
  • Figure 6a illustrates how a plurality of data streams may be multiplexed across a single UWB connection.
  • a plurality of data streams 600 is provided to a multiplexer 602 and thence to a UWB data connector system 604, 606 as described above, the output of connector 606 being provided to a de-multiplexer 608 which provides a plurality of demultiplexed output data streams 610 corresponding to input data stream 600.
  • a data stream may be generated from a parallel data bus by means of a serialiser 612 and recovered by means of a de-serialiser 614.
  • the data communications in figures 6a and 6b may be uni-directional (as shown) or bidirectional.
  • the UWB data connection system can provide data transfer speeds of multiple gigabits per second over very short distances which compares with typical bus speeds of for example, approximately 16 megabytes per second for a l ⁇ Bit ISA bus (bus speed 8.3MHz), and 127 megabytes per second for a 32Bit PCI bus (bus speed 33MHz). It can therefore be seen that connections for a plurality of serial and/or parallel data buses may readily be provided by a single UWB connector.
  • FIG 7a shows a laptop computer 700 and its docking station 702.
  • the laptop computer 700 incorporates a UWB coupler 704 and an inductive electrical power receiver 706 whilst the docking station includes a complementary UWB coupler 708 and inductive electrical power transmitter 710.
  • the docking station 702 provides a video output 712 for a monitor 714 as well as one or more conventional parallel data bus connections 716 and one or more conventional serial data connections 718; the docking station has a mains power input 720.
  • Data for all these connections and raw data for video connection 712 is carried across the UWB connector system 704, 708 and the laptop is preferably also powered without the use of a direct electrical connection and in this way all of the laptop power and communications may be implemented wirelessly, that is without any direct electrical connectors, thus increasing reliability and ease of use.
  • Figure 7b shows a similar concept illustrating a docking station 730 for a mobile communications device 732.
  • Figure 7c illustrates a further example in which a docking station 740 is provided for a digital camera 742.
  • the digital camera or other electronic device may be completely environmentally sealed, for example to provide a waterproof camera.
  • the extremely high speed of the UWB data connection enables the transfer of both still and moving image data within practical time frames.
  • Figure 8 shows a block diagram of a UWB connector system 800 suitable for implementing in the laptop and docking station of figure 7a.
  • the docking station connector 802 comprises a multiplexer/de-multiplexer and a UWB transceiver 806 connected to a UWB coupler 808.
  • the multiplexer/de-multiplexer has a plurality of input/output connections, for example for one or more of video, a PCI bus, ethernet, FireWire, USB, PS-2 and other serial or parallel connections.
  • a corresponding multiplexer/de-multiplexer and UWB transceiver 810 is coupled to a UWB coupling element 812, multiplexer/de-multiplexer 810 providing a corresponding set of data connections to multiplexer/de-multiplexer 806.
  • the UWB couplers 808, 812 are positioned close or substantially adjacent to one another to provide inductive or transformer coupling in the near-field achieving multi-gigabit per second data rates with little or no interference to nearby electronic equipment and few or no multipath problems.
  • the connector 802 also incorporates an electrical power input 814 to a driver 816 driving one or more power transmit coils 818, and connector 804 includes one or more corresponding power received coils 820 coupled to a power conversion unit 822 providing a regulated and smoothed DC power output 824 for powering the laptop.
  • coils 818, 820 are juxtaposed in an electrical power transfer relationship.
  • the inductive coupling elements are very close to one another, typical ranges being of the order of lcm.
  • This facilitates use of a baseband impulse-based UWB solution which is inexpensive as the circuitry can be substantially all digital.
  • one or a set of data bits for transfer across the connector can be encoded as a chirp, that is a relatively short known sequence of pulses with a specific mutual time relationship; optionally such a chirp maybe phase, amplitude or position modulated.
  • Figure 9 shows a connector system 900 comprising first 902 and second 904 connector portions configured to encode and decode data in this way.
  • connector portion 902 comprises an encoder 906 followed by a UWB driver 908 and coupling element 910
  • connector portion 904 comprises a coupling element 912 feeding a UWB receiver 914 which provides an output to a decoder 916 providing a decoded data output.
  • Data is encoded in a chirp or pattern of pulses such as chirp 918, although optionally a plurality of different types of chirps may be included to implement a plurality of simultaneous data channels, each chirp having a different and preferably substantially orthogonal pattern of pulses such as chirps 918, 920 shown in figure 9.
  • FIGS 10a and 10b show top and side views of a UWB backplane connector system 1000 comprising a UWB backplane 1002 mounting a plurality of cards 1004a, b, c such as Blade Server cards. Each card is fitted into a connector 1006a, b, c which mechanically holds the card but which does not need to provide any direct electrical connections to the card apart from optionally, power connections. Each card is provided with one portion of a, preferably bi-directional, UWB connector 1008a - c of the type described above.
  • the UWB backplane is provided with at least one UWB coupling element 1010a- c for each card positioned such that when the card is inserted into its mechanical mounting the backplane coupling element is adjacent to the card coupling element.
  • the backplane UWB coupling elements 1010 may be linked by a passive waveguide, for example a simple wire or one or more active (bi-directional) drivers 1014 may be included, in particular for coupling to external devices or connectors.
  • Use of UWB coupling rather than, for example, optical coupling achieves high data rates without the need for very precise alignment of the coupling elements. Referring next to Figure 1 Ia, this shows a first example driver architecture for a UWB data connector system.
  • Application software 1100 provides data to a driver 1102 which drives UWB transmitter or transceiver hardware 1104, These components constitute a first portion of the data connector system.
  • a second portion of the system comprises further UWB receiver or transceiver hardware 1106 providing an output to a driver 1108 which outputs data to an application program interface 1110.
  • the skilled person will recognise that in embodiments the system of Figure 11a may provide bi-directional data communications/connection.
  • FIG. 1 Ib shows a second example of a UWB data connector system architecture which provides software interfaces for a plurality of software applications 1150a, b. These communicate with the respective virtual drivers 1152a, b which, to the applications 1150a, b, look like hardware drivers.
  • Drivers 1152a, b each communicate with a UWB multiplex driver 1154, which in turn drives a UWB hardware transceiver 1156.
  • the multiplex driver 1154 handles a plurality of protocols concurrently, tunnelling them through the UWB hardware link.
  • UWB transceiver 1156 communicates with a second UWB transceiver 1158 in a second part of the UWB data connection system.
  • the UWB transceiver 1158 communicates with a second UWB multiplex driver 1160 which has a plurality of interfaces to hardware drivers 1162a, b, typically implementing standard hardware interfaces, in the illustrated example AUSB driver and an Ethernet driver. These drivers in turn provide respective hardware interfaces 1 164a,b. Typical interfaces include PCI, USB, video, Firewire, Ethernet, PCMCIA and the like.
  • the hardware interfaces are not limited to external interfaces and could, for example, comprise interfaces on a PCI chassis, for example to provide a bus-2-bus or bus-2- multibus bridge.
  • the driver architecture of Figure 1 Ib preferably provides a substantially transparent HnIc between applications 1 150a, b and hardware interfaces 1164a, b.
  • the UWB hardware link is adaptive, providing an adjustable data rate depending upon the use of the connector system, for example in a range 1-10 Gigabits/second, although higher data rates may readily be provided.
  • the UWB connector system provides an automatic link, that is one part of the connector system will automatically link to a second part of the connector system, when the second part is within range,
  • the system also enables point-to-multipoint links.
  • the driver system includes a system for detecting when another UWB transceiver is within range, for example based upon signal strength or a "ping"-based technique, thus preferably a UWB multiplex driver includes software to advertise its services to a second connector portion, so that, for example, available hardware interfaces can be advertised to applications and/or requested interfaces may be advertised to hardware drivers.
  • UWB multiplex driver 1154 creates or makes visible the relevant driver(s) 1152a, b.
  • the hardware interfaces could be internal interfaces, for example of a printer, camera, video or audio player/recorder and the like.
  • embodiments of the data connection system provide an automatic link between two or more electronic devices able to automatically detect another device and implement one or more appropriate communication protocols.
  • the driver software may either be provided in firmware or, for example, as software on a laptop or other computer.
  • a data connector system having a first connector portion and a second connector portion, said first connector portion comprising a UWB transmitter with a data input and a first UWB coupling element driven by said UWB transmitter, said second connector portion comprising a second UWB coupling element and a UWB receiver with a data output, said UWB receiver having an input from said second UWB coupling element, and wherein said data connector system has a connected configuration in which said first and second UWB coupling elements are within an operative range of one another such that said coupling elements are inductively coupled to one another to permit data to be transferred from said data input to said data output, and a disconnected configuration in which said first and second connector portions are separated by greater than said operative range.
  • connection to different ones of said plurality of coupling elements is configured to invoke different data processing functions
  • said connector is configured to make a plurality of simultaneous data connections.
  • at least one of said simultaneous data connections comprises a data bus connection.
  • a data connector system as defined in any preceding clause further comprising an inductive electrical power transfer system.
  • a consumer electronic device docking station incorporating one of said first or second connector portions as defined in any one of clauses 1 to 15.
  • a portable consumer electronic device as incorporating one of said first or second connector portions as defined in any one of clauses 1 to 15.
  • An electrical backplane having a plurality of card sockets each incorporating one of said first or second connector portions as recited in ciause 16 or 17.
  • 23. A UWB data connector system, said connector system having a first and second connector parts, said connector parts being configured to mechanically interface to one another, each of said connector parts including a UWB coupling element, and wherein when said first and second connector parts are interfaced one of said UWB coupling elements is in the near field of the other UWB coupling elements.
  • a method of providing an electrical data connection using UWB coupling elements comprising: receiving data for transmission across said connection; encoding said data as a UWB signal; transmitting said UWB signal from a first of said coupling elements; receiving said UWB signal at a second of said UWB coupling elements; and recovering said data from said received UWB signal; and wherein the method further comprises: inductively coupling said first and second UWB coupling elements.
  • An electrical data connector comprising UWB coupling elements, said connector comprising: means for receiving data for transmission across said connection; means for encoding said data as a UWB signal; means for transmitting said UWB signal from a first of said coupling elements; means for receiving said UWB signal at a second of said UWB coupling elements; and means for recovering said data from said received UWB signal; and wherein said connector is further configured for inductive coupling of said first and second UWB coupling elements.
  • a docking station for an electronic device said electronic device having a plurality of separate data connections coupled to a near-field UWB interface, said docking station having a near-field USB interface coupled to one or both of a multiplexer and de-rnultiplexer, whereby said docking station is enabled to connect via an inductive wireless UWB connection to said separate data connections of said electronic device.
  • a docking station as defined in clause 31 further comprising an inductive electrical power supply system for said electronic device.
  • An environmentally sealed electronic device having one or more external data connections all coupled to a near-field UWB interface, whereby the device is operable using said one or more external data connections without making direct electrical connection to the device.
  • An environmentally sealed electronic device as defined in clause 34 further comprising means to receive electrical power for powering the device inductively from an external power supply unit.
  • a method of operating an electronic device in a hostile environment comprising: providing data communications for the device using a near-field UWB coupling; providing an electrical power supply for the device using an inductive coupling; and operating the device using said electrical power supply to communicate data over said near-field
  • a method of providing short-range UWB data communications comprising: inputting data to be communicated; encoding said data as pattern of UWB impulses; transmitting said pattern of impulses from a UWB transmitter to a UWB receiver; receiving said pattern of impulses at said receiver; decoding said pattern of impulses to provide decoded data; and outputting said decoded data.
  • a short-range UWB data communications transmitter comprising: means for inputting data to be communicated; means for encoding said data as a pattern of UWB impulses; and means for transmitting said pattern of impulses from a UWB transmitter to a UWB receiver.
  • a UWB data communications receiver comprising: a received signal input to receive a pattern of UWB impulses; means for decoding said pattern of impulses to provide decoded data; and means for outpulting said decoded data.
  • a method of selecting an operational function to be implemented by an interface unit for an electronic device said electronic device having a short-range UWB communications interface, said interface unit having a plurality of complementary short-range UWB communications interfaces spaced apart over a region of said unit, each said interface being associated with one of said operational functions, the method comprising selecting a said operational function by bringing the UWB communications interface of said electronic device into range of a selected one of said UWB communications interfaces of said interface unit.
  • a method as defined in clause 41 or 42 wherein said selecting also comprises selecting a relative orientation of said electronic device communications interface and said selected interface unit communications interface.
  • An interface unit for implementing a selected one of a plurality of operational functions for an electronic device having a short-range UWB communications interface, said interface unit having a plurality of complementary short-range UWB communications interfaces spaced apart over a region of said unit, each said interface being associated with one of said operational functions, said interface unit comprising means for selecting a said operational function for implementing in response to said electronic device being brought into communications range of a corresponding said communications interface.
  • An electrical backplane system comprising: a backplane; a plurality of mechanical connectors mounted on said backplane, each configured to receive an electronic circuit; a plurality of UWB coupling devices, at least one associated with each said mechanical connector; and one or more wired communications links between two or more of said UWB coupling devices.
  • a UWB data connector system comprising: a first UWB transceiver; a second UWB transceiver; a first set of software drivers for said first UWB transceiver; and a second set of software drivers for said second UWB transceiver; wherein said first set of drivers comprises a first UWB multiplex driver for providing a plurality of first interfaces to said first UWB transceiver, and a plurality of second drivers coupled to said plurality of first interfaces to provide a plurality of software interfaces; and wherein said second set of drivers comprises a second UWB multiplex driver for providing a plurality of second interfaces to said second UWB transceiver, and a plurality of third drivers coupled to said plurality of second interfaces to provide a plurality of hardware interfaces.
  • a UWB data connector system as defined in any one of clauses 48 to 51 wherein said system is configured to provide protocol translation between a first protocol used at one or more of said software interfaces and a second protocol used at one or more said hardware interfaces.
  • a UWB data connector in any one of clauses 48 to 55 comprising a third UWB transceiver and a third set of drivers for said third UWB transceiver, said third set of drivers comprising a third UWB multiplex driver for providing a plurality of third interfaces to said third UWB transceiver, and a plurality of hardware or software interface drivers coupled to said plurality of third interfaces, whereby said UWB data connector system is enabled for point-to-multipoint data connection.
  • a UWB data connector system comprising: a first UWB transceiver; a second UWB transceiver; at least one driver for said first UWB transceiver; and at least one driver said second UWB transceiver; and wherein one or both of said drivers include a service discovery protocol for discovering one or more services provided or requested by the other said UWB transceiver and driver.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne globalement l'utilisation de systèmes à bande ultra large à couplage inductif ou en champ proche pour la mise en oeuvre de systèmes de connexion pour la transmission de données électriques à grande vitesse sans connexion électrique directe. L'invention concerne plus précisément un système de connexion pour la transmission de données, comprenant une première partie de connexion et une seconde partie de connexion. La première partie de connexion comporte un émetteur à bande ultra large avec une entrée de données et un premier élément de couplage à bande ultra large commandé par ledit émetteur à bande ultra large. La seconde partie de connexion comporte un second élément de couplage à bande ultra large et un récepteur à bande ultra large avec une sortie de données. Le récepteur à bande ultra large comprend une entrée reliée au second élément de couplage à bande ultra large. Le système de connexion pour la transmission de données peut être connecté selon un schéma de connexion dans lequel le premier et le second élément de couplage à bande ultra large sont dans une plage fonctionnelle commune afin que ces éléments de couplage soient couplés par induction pour permettre la transmission de données entre l'entrée de données et la sortie de données. Le système de connexion pour la transmission de données peut être connecté selon un schéma de déconnexion dans lequel la première et la seconde partie de connexion sont séparés d'une distance supérieure à ladite plage fonctionnelle.
PCT/GB2005/050257 2004-12-22 2005-12-21 Systemes de connexion sans contact WO2006067528A2 (fr)

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GBGB0428046.7A GB0428046D0 (en) 2004-12-22 2004-12-22 Contactless connector systems
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US60/641,430 2005-01-06

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