WO2006067240A1 - Solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system - Google Patents

Solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006067240A1
WO2006067240A1 PCT/ES2004/000568 ES2004000568W WO2006067240A1 WO 2006067240 A1 WO2006067240 A1 WO 2006067240A1 ES 2004000568 W ES2004000568 W ES 2004000568W WO 2006067240 A1 WO2006067240 A1 WO 2006067240A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reverse osmosis
solar
plant
powered
desalination
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2004/000568
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gonzalo Piernavieja Izquierdo
Tomás ESPINO DOMÍNGUEZ
Baltasar PEÑATE SUAREZ
Daniel HENRÍQUEZ ÁLAMO
Original Assignee
Instituto Tecnologico De Canarias, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Instituto Tecnologico De Canarias, S.A. filed Critical Instituto Tecnologico De Canarias, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2004/000568 priority Critical patent/WO2006067240A1/en
Publication of WO2006067240A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006067240A1/en
Priority to TNP2006000374A priority patent/TNSN06374A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new system of desalination of seawater on a small scale, to convert it into drinking water, based on an osmotic process, specifically in a process of reverse osmosis, through membranes, which uses as obtained energy through a solar photovoltaic system.
  • the object of the invention is to achieve maximum utilization of the available solar energy, and considerable lengthening in the life of the reverse osmosis membranes, automatically adapting the plant's ranching time to the solar radiation available at the site and monitoring the charge-discharge cycles of the batteries that participate in the photovoltaic solar system.
  • the invention is especially applicable in places lacking potable, coastal water, without supplying conventional electricity and with good solar radiation.
  • brackish water with salinity ranges between 1,000 and
  • Reverse osmosis fed with photovoltaic systems is presented as a promising solution for obtaining small-scale drinking water from salt water.
  • the desalination system proposed by the invention fully and satisfactorily solves the above-mentioned problem, based on the use of a specific hydraulic circuit for this desalination plant, which incorporates a flushing circuit responsible for eliminating brine from the membrane tubes at each stop with product water, which allows the useful life of these membranes to be extended considerably.
  • the incorporation of a control automaton to manage the process of starting and stopping the plant has been foreseen, thereby optimizing the solar energy produced to cover the specific consumption of the plant.
  • desalination plant 5 - 6kWh / m 3 of desalinated water, which with a definition of greater accuracy of the capacity of the battery used in the system, it is possible to reduce the bank of batteries necessary for operation.
  • a control program allows adapting the operating time of the plant to the solar radiation available at the site, while allowing the monitoring of the charge-discharge cycles of the batteries.
  • this collection pump (1) can be powered by the existing electrical distribution network (4) in the area where the pump is installed, or at the expense of the energy supplied by a photovoltaic solar equipment ( 5) Electric power generation.
  • the water supplied by the collection pump (1) passes through a filtration unit (6), which in the unit tested is 20 and 5 microns, and is supplied to the reverse osmosis module (7), with the collaboration of a high pressure pump (8), powered by the solar photovoltaic generator (5).
  • a cleaning pump (9) draws the brine from the membranes of the module Reverse osmosis (7) with product water, leaving the membranes soaked in low salinity water until a new use of the plant, the next day.
  • the cleaning system also serves to periodically add chemical additives to the circuit for proper maintenance and periodic chemical cleaning of the membranes.
  • the tested system is powered by a 4.8 kWp photovoltaic field consisting of 64 A-75 modules of 75Wp, a battery bank consisting of 24 2-volt vessels of 400 Ah C100 (discharging in 100 hours), a regulator of 75 A, a 4.5 kW inverter and the protection elements, so that the system operates at a continuous nominal voltage of 48 V which is transformed by the inverter to AC 220 V to adapt it to the operating voltage of the plant.
  • the collection pump (1) has an approximate outlet pressure of 3 Kg / cm 2 , a flow of 1.5 m 3 / h and a power of 1 kW.
  • the high pressure pump (8) has a working pressure of 50 to 60 Kg / cm 2 and a flow rate of 1 m 3 / h.
  • the power consumption ranges between 2 and 2.2 kW depending on working at 55 or 60 bars respectively.
  • the cleaning pump (9) has a power of 0.75 kW, with a maximum flow of 8 m 3 / h.
  • the reverse osmosis module (7) is composed of 12 spiral winding membranes, 2.5 "in diameter.
  • the circuit of the figure is controlled by an automaton, requiring a minimum and optimized battery capacity, derived from a maximum adaptation of the consumption to the available radiation.
  • the batteries or accumulators not only function as a stabilizer of the continuous voltage at the input of the inverter, but also enable the use of excess radiation in the central hours of the day where the energy supplied by the photovoltaic system is greater than the consumed by the plant. This surplus is then used to run the system in the first and last hours of the day, where the opposite occurs.
  • the automaton is in turn controlled by a control program that presents two totally new factors in this type of process: it has been possible to adapt the operating time of the plant to the solar radiation available at the site, a fact that implies an almost zero operation of the charge controller. This brings with it that the performance of the system is the maximum possible, since the losses produced during the opening of the regulation system are avoided.
  • the control program carries out continuous checks of the actual battery capacity throughout the day. According to this factor, the control lengthens or decreases the operation of the plant thus achieving maximum use of the available radiation. In this way it is possible to generalize the use of this type of systems in any place, since its radiation will determine the operating time and therefore the amount of desalinated water.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system which is used to convert seawater into drinking water and which uses energy obtained with a photovoltaic solar system. According to the invention, the system extends the useful life of the reverse osmosis membranes, automatically adapts the operating time of the plant to the solar radiation available at the location and monitors the charge/discharge cycles of the batteries used in the photovoltaic solar system. The inventive system also comprises a cleaning circuit containing a cleaning pump (9) which removes the brine from the membrane tubes of the reverse osmosis module (7) at the end of each workday. The invention further comprises a control automaton which is used to manage the plant starting/stopping process.

Description

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OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un nuevo sistema de desalación de agua de mar a pequeña escala, para convertirla en agua potable, basado en un proceso osmótico, concretamente en un proceso de osmosis inversa, a través de membranas, que utiliza como energía la obtenida mediante un sistema solar fotovoltaico.The present invention relates to a new system of desalination of seawater on a small scale, to convert it into drinking water, based on an osmotic process, specifically in a process of reverse osmosis, through membranes, which uses as obtained energy through a solar photovoltaic system.
El objeto de la invención es conseguir un aprovechamiento máximo de la energía solar disponible, y un considerable alargamiento en la vida útil de las membranas de osmosis inversa, adaptando automáticamente el tiempo de rancionamiento de la planta a la radiación solar disponible en el lugar y monitorizando los ciclos de carga-descarga de las baterías que participan en el sistema solar fotovoltaico.The object of the invention is to achieve maximum utilization of the available solar energy, and considerable lengthening in the life of the reverse osmosis membranes, automatically adapting the plant's ranching time to the solar radiation available at the site and monitoring the charge-discharge cycles of the batteries that participate in the photovoltaic solar system.
La invención resulta de especial aplicación en lugares carentes de agua potable, costeros, sin abastecimiento de red eléctrica convencional y con buena radiación solar.The invention is especially applicable in places lacking potable, coastal water, without supplying conventional electricity and with good solar radiation.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El suministro de agua potable constituye un problema de alta prioridad en muchos países, especialmente en las zonas costeras, donde los recursos acuíferos son limitados e incluso son inexplotables debido a que se salinizan por filtraciones de agua de mar, así como también debido a la práctica intensiva de regadío en aplicaciones agrícolas, de manera que en estos lugares, una solución al menos parcial al respecto consiste en desalar el agua salobre o de mar.The supply of drinking water is a high priority problem in many countries, especially in coastal areas, where aquifer resources are limited and even inexplicable because they are salinized by seawater leaks, as well as due to the intensive practice of irrigation in agricultural applications, so that in these places, an at least partial solution in this regard consists of desalinate brackish or seawater.
En las zonas citadas es frecuente la existencia de fuentes de agua de este tipo, bien agua salobre con unos rangos de salinidad entre 1.000 yIn the aforementioned areas the existence of water sources of this type is frequent, either brackish water with salinity ranges between 1,000 and
15.000 mg/1 o agua de mar con unos rangos comprendidos entre 35.000 y 45.000 mg/1, siendo también frecuente que en estas zonas las condiciones climáticas sean muy favorables para el uso de fuentes de energías renovables.15,000 mg / 1 or seawater with ranges between 35,000 and 45,000 mg / 1, it is also common that in these areas the climatic conditions are very favorable for the use of renewable energy sources.
Existen diversas tecnologías de desalación que permiten la utilización de energías renovables para obtener agua potable, tales como la osmosis inversa o la electrodiálisis que pueden ser acoplados a sistemas eólicos, fotovoltaicos, etc..There are various desalination technologies that allow the use of renewable energy to obtain drinking water, such as reverse osmosis or electrodialysis that can be coupled to wind, photovoltaic, etc.
La osmosis inversa alimentada con sistemas fotovoltaicos se presenta como una solución prometedora para la obtención a pequeña escala de agua potable a partir de agua salada.Reverse osmosis fed with photovoltaic systems is presented as a promising solution for obtaining small-scale drinking water from salt water.
Uno de los problemas fundamentales que se presentaban en los primeros modelos ideados para desalación por osmosis inversa alimentada por energía solar fotovoltaica, son los altos consumos energéticos, así como el deterioro excesivamente prematuro de las membranas de osmosis, debido principalmente al funcionamiento discontinuo de este tipo de plantas, al funcionar únicamente parte del día.One of the fundamental problems that arose in the first models designed for desalination by reverse osmosis powered by photovoltaic solar energy, are the high energy consumption, as well as the excessively premature deterioration of the osmosis membranes, mainly due to the discontinuous operation of this type of plants, operating only part of the day.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN El sistema de desalación que la invención propone, resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta, y ello en base a la utilización de un circuito hidráulico específico para esta planta desaladora, que incorpora un circuito de "flushing" encargado de eliminar la salmuera de los tubos de membranas en cada parada con agua producto, lo que permite alargar de forma muy considerable la vida útil de dichas membranas.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The desalination system proposed by the invention fully and satisfactorily solves the above-mentioned problem, based on the use of a specific hydraulic circuit for this desalination plant, which incorporates a flushing circuit responsible for eliminating brine from the membrane tubes at each stop with product water, which allows the useful life of these membranes to be extended considerably.
De acuerdo con otra de las características de la invención se ha previsto la incorporación al sistema de un autómata de control para gestionar el proceso de arranques y paradas de la planta, con lo que consigue optimizar la energía solar producida para cubrir el consumo específico de la planta desaladora, 5 - 6kWh/m3 de agua desalada, lo que con una definición de mayor exactitud de la capacidad de la batería usada en el sistema, se permite reducir el banco de baterías necesarias para el funcionamiento.In accordance with another of the characteristics of the invention, the incorporation of a control automaton to manage the process of starting and stopping the plant has been foreseen, thereby optimizing the solar energy produced to cover the specific consumption of the plant. desalination plant, 5 - 6kWh / m 3 of desalinated water, which with a definition of greater accuracy of the capacity of the battery used in the system, it is possible to reduce the bank of batteries necessary for operation.
La incorporación del citado autómata en el circuito de control permite simplificar el cuadro eléctrico y dar una mayor Habilidad al sistema de control y toma de datos.The incorporation of the aforementioned automaton in the control circuit makes it possible to simplify the electrical panel and give a greater ability to the control system and data collection.
Complementariamente, un programa de control permite adaptar el tiempo de funcionamiento de la planta a la radiación solar disponible en el lugar, a la vez que permite la monitorización de los ciclos de carga-descarga de las baterías.In addition, a control program allows adapting the operating time of the plant to the solar radiation available at the site, while allowing the monitoring of the charge-discharge cycles of the batteries.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado un diagrama de bloques correspondiente a un sistema de desalación de agua de mar por osmosis inversa alimentado por energía solar fotovoltaica, realizado de acuerdo con el objeto de la presente invención.To complement the description that is being made and with In order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where it is shown in an illustrative and non-limiting manner. A block diagram corresponding to a reverse osmosis seawater desalination system powered by photovoltaic solar energy, made in accordance with the object of the present invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En el diagrama de bloques de la figura reseñada, se ha referenciado con (1) la bomba de captación, que a través de la toma (2) bombea agua de mar o de cualquier fuente de agua salobre y la impulsa hasta la planta de desalación a través de una conducción (3).In the block diagram of the above-mentioned figure, it has been referenced with (1) the pick-up pump, which through the outlet (2) pumps seawater or any source of brackish water and drives it to the desalination plant through a conduction (3).
De acuerdo con la disponibilidad de cada caso, esta bomba de captación (1) puede estar alimentada por la red de distribución eléctrica (4) existente en la zona de implantación de la bomba, o a expensas de la energía suministrada por un equipo solar fotovoltaico (5) de generación de energía eléctrica.According to the availability of each case, this collection pump (1) can be powered by the existing electrical distribution network (4) in the area where the pump is installed, or at the expense of the energy supplied by a photovoltaic solar equipment ( 5) Electric power generation.
El agua suministrada por la bomba de captación (1) pasa a través de una unidad de filtración (6), que en la unidad ensayada son de 20 y 5 mieras de corte, y es suministrada al módulo (7) de osmosis inversa, con la colaboración de una bomba (8) de alta presión, alimentada por el generador solar fotovoltaico (5).The water supplied by the collection pump (1) passes through a filtration unit (6), which in the unit tested is 20 and 5 microns, and is supplied to the reverse osmosis module (7), with the collaboration of a high pressure pump (8), powered by the solar photovoltaic generator (5).
Durante los periodos de inactividad de la planta de desalación, una bomba de limpieza (9) arrastra la salmuera de las membranas del módulo de osmosis inversa (7) con agua producto, dejando las membranas empapadas en agua de baja salinidad hasta una nueva utilización de la planta, al día siguiente. El sistema de limpieza también sirve para añadir periódicamente al circuito aditivos químicos para el buen mantenimiento del mismo y limpieza química periódica de las membranas.During periods of inactivity of the desalination plant, a cleaning pump (9) draws the brine from the membranes of the module Reverse osmosis (7) with product water, leaving the membranes soaked in low salinity water until a new use of the plant, the next day. The cleaning system also serves to periodically add chemical additives to the circuit for proper maintenance and periodic chemical cleaning of the membranes.
El sistema ensayado se alimenta de un campo fotovoltaico de 4,8 kWp compuesto por 64 módulos A-75 de 75Wp, un banco de acumuladores compuesto por 24 vasos de 2 voltios de 400 Ah C100 (descargándose en 100 horas), un regulador de 75 A, un inversor de 4,5 kW y los elementos de protección, de manera que el sistema funciona a una tensión nominal continua de 48 V que es transformada por el inversor a corriente alterna de 220 V para adecuarla a la tensión de funcionamiento de la planta.The tested system is powered by a 4.8 kWp photovoltaic field consisting of 64 A-75 modules of 75Wp, a battery bank consisting of 24 2-volt vessels of 400 Ah C100 (discharging in 100 hours), a regulator of 75 A, a 4.5 kW inverter and the protection elements, so that the system operates at a continuous nominal voltage of 48 V which is transformed by the inverter to AC 220 V to adapt it to the operating voltage of the plant.
Por su parte, la bomba de captación (1) tiene una presión aproximada de salida de 3 Kg/cm2, un caudal de 1,5 m3/h y una potencia de 1 kW.For its part, the collection pump (1) has an approximate outlet pressure of 3 Kg / cm 2 , a flow of 1.5 m 3 / h and a power of 1 kW.
En la planta, la bomba de alta presión (8) tiene una presión de trabajo de 50 a 60 Kg/cm2 y un caudal de 1 m3/h. La potencia consumida oscila entre los 2 y los 2,2 kW según trabaje a 55 ó 60 bares respectivamente.In the plant, the high pressure pump (8) has a working pressure of 50 to 60 Kg / cm 2 and a flow rate of 1 m 3 / h. The power consumption ranges between 2 and 2.2 kW depending on working at 55 or 60 bars respectively.
La bomba de limpieza (9) tiene una potencia de 0,75 kW, con un caudal máximo de 8 m3/h.The cleaning pump (9) has a power of 0.75 kW, with a maximum flow of 8 m 3 / h.
Por su parte, el módulo (7) de osmosis inversa lo integran 12 membranas de arrollamiento en espiral, con 2,5" de diámetro.For its part, the reverse osmosis module (7) is composed of 12 spiral winding membranes, 2.5 "in diameter.
Con todo esto la planta, en la salida (10), tiene una producción nominal de 400 L/h (57 bar - 42% conversión), lo que se traduce en una media de 3 mVd durante los 365 días del año con una calidad de producto entre 400 y 450 ppm (considerando una media anual de 7-8 horas de funcionamiento diario).With all this the plant, at the exit (10), has a nominal production of 400 L / h (57 bar - 42% conversion), which translates into an average of 3 mVd during the 365 days of the year with a quality of product between 400 and 450 ppm (considering an annual average of 7-8 hours of daily operation).
Como ya se ha dicho con anterioridad, el circuito de la figura está controlado por un autómata, necesitándose una mínima y optimizada capacidad de baterías, derivada de una máxima adaptación del consumo a la radiación disponible. Las baterías o acumuladores no solo hacen la función de estabilización de la tensión continua a la entrada del inversor, sino que también posibilitan el aprovechamiento de la radiación sobrante en las horas centrales del día en donde la energía suministrada por el sistema fotovoltaico es mayor que la consumida por la planta. Este sobrante se emplea luego en hacer funcionar el sistema en las primeras y últimas horas del día, en donde ocurre lo contrario.As mentioned before, the circuit of the figure is controlled by an automaton, requiring a minimum and optimized battery capacity, derived from a maximum adaptation of the consumption to the available radiation. The batteries or accumulators not only function as a stabilizer of the continuous voltage at the input of the inverter, but also enable the use of excess radiation in the central hours of the day where the energy supplied by the photovoltaic system is greater than the consumed by the plant. This surplus is then used to run the system in the first and last hours of the day, where the opposite occurs.
El autómata está a su vez controlado por un programa de control que presenta dos factores totalmente novedosos en este tipo de procesos: se ha conseguido adaptar el tiempo de funcionamiento de la planta a la radiación solar disponible en el lugar, hecho éste que implica un casi nulo funcionamiento del regulador de carga. Esto trae consigo que el rendimiento del sistema sea el máximo posible, ya que se evitan las pérdidas producidas durante la apertura del sistema de regulación. Básicamente el programa de control realiza a lo largo del día chequeos continuos de la capacidad real de la batería. Según este factor, el control alarga o disminuye el funcionamiento de la planta consiguiendo así el máximo aprovechamiento de la radiación disponible. Se consigue de este modo generalizar el uso de este tipo de sistemas en cualquier lugar, ya que la radiación del mismo determinará el tiempo de funcionamiento y por tanto la cantidad de agua desalada. Se consigue trabajar, en condiciones de máxima irradiación, hasta 12 horas en verano y un mínimo de 3 horas en invierno, en condiciones de mínima irradiación en varios días consecutivos. En un segundo plano es de destacar, además, que se consigue monitorizar los ciclos de carga-descarga de la batería. The automaton is in turn controlled by a control program that presents two totally new factors in this type of process: it has been possible to adapt the operating time of the plant to the solar radiation available at the site, a fact that implies an almost zero operation of the charge controller. This brings with it that the performance of the system is the maximum possible, since the losses produced during the opening of the regulation system are avoided. Basically, the control program carries out continuous checks of the actual battery capacity throughout the day. According to this factor, the control lengthens or decreases the operation of the plant thus achieving maximum use of the available radiation. In this way it is possible to generalize the use of this type of systems in any place, since its radiation will determine the operating time and therefore the amount of desalinated water. It is possible to work, under conditions of maximum irradiation, up to 12 hours in summer and a minimum of 3 hours in winter, under conditions of minimum irradiation on several consecutive days. In the background, it should also be noted that the battery charge-discharge cycles are monitored.

Claims

H F, T V Í N ΓI T Γ A Γ T O N F. sH F, T V Í N ΓI T Γ A Γ T O N F. s
Ia.- Sistema de desalación por osmosis inversa alimentado por energía solar, acoplado a una planta solar foto voltaica, para alimentación de los consumos eléctricos de unas bombas que suministra agua salada a unos módulos de osmosis inversa, caracterizado porque incorpora un circuito de limpieza, en el que participa una bomba de limpieza (9), que barre la salmuera de los tubos de membranas del módulo (7) de osmosis inversa al final de cada jornada, habiéndose previsto además la inclusión de un autómata de control para gestionar el proceso de arranques y paradas de la planta.I a .- Solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system, coupled to a photovoltaic solar plant, for feeding the electrical consumption of pumps that supply salt water to reverse osmosis modules, characterized in that it incorporates a cleaning circuit , in which a cleaning pump (9) participates, which sweeps the brine from the diaphragm tubes of the reverse osmosis module (7) at the end of each day, also including the inclusion of a control automaton to manage the process of starts and stops of the plant.
2 a.- Sistema de desalación por osmosis inversa alimentado por energía solar, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque el autómata está asistido por un programa de control y toma de datos, que adapta el tiempo de funcionamiento de la planta a la radiación solar disponible en el lugar, que realiza a lo largo del día chequeos continuos de la capacidad real de las baterías, y que monitoriza los ciclos de carga-descarga de dichas baterías. 2 .- System desalination by reverse osmosis powered by solar energy, according to claim Ia, wherein the controller is assisted by a control program and data acquisition, which adapts the operating time of the plant to sunlight available in place, which carries out continuous checks of the actual capacity of the batteries throughout the day, and monitors the charge-discharge cycles of said batteries.
PCT/ES2004/000568 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Solar-powered reverse osmosis desalination system WO2006067240A1 (en)

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WO2008093132A2 (en) * 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 G24 Innovations Limited Methods of using photovoltaic cell arrays
WO2008093132A3 (en) * 2007-02-02 2009-04-30 G24 Innovations Ltd Methods of using photovoltaic cell arrays
KR100905944B1 (en) 2009-01-06 2009-07-06 뉴엔텍(주) Seawater desalination equipment using solar complex modules
WO2011003874A1 (en) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München Pv/t systems in water treatment systems
DE102010004874A1 (en) 2009-07-06 2011-01-13 Technische Universität München PV / T systems in water treatment systems
CN102774916A (en) * 2012-08-21 2012-11-14 青岛炅阳光伏科技有限公司 Photovoltaic seawater desalting system
ES2542276A1 (en) * 2015-05-08 2015-08-03 Universidad De Alicante Autonomous water treatment system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN109095562A (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-12-28 北京天诚同创电气有限公司 Reverse osmosis seawater desalting method and system
US11502322B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11502323B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2022-11-15 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11563229B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-01-24 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US11611099B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-03-21 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11699803B1 (en) 2022-05-09 2023-07-11 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump
US12107308B2 (en) 2022-05-09 2024-10-01 Rahul S Nana Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof
US11855324B1 (en) 2022-11-15 2023-12-26 Rahul S. Nana Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump
US12040517B2 (en) 2022-11-15 2024-07-16 Rahul S. Nana Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell and methods of use thereof

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