WO2006056831A1 - Procede et appareil de retrait d'une substance polluante d'un fluide gazeux - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de retrait d'une substance polluante d'un fluide gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006056831A1
WO2006056831A1 PCT/IB2005/003010 IB2005003010W WO2006056831A1 WO 2006056831 A1 WO2006056831 A1 WO 2006056831A1 IB 2005003010 W IB2005003010 W IB 2005003010W WO 2006056831 A1 WO2006056831 A1 WO 2006056831A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
thermal head
head device
gaseous phase
anyone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2005/003010
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nico Gualerzi
Danilo Bombardi
Original Assignee
Ecociprea S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecociprea S.R.L. filed Critical Ecociprea S.R.L.
Publication of WO2006056831A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006056831A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and the concerned process for removal of at least one polluting substance from a gaseous fluid.
  • the invention aims at removing polluting substances such as solvents dispersed in the form of vapours, gases, fumes, gaseous phases, and also droplets, from an air flow, so as to obtain an air flow at the apparatus outlet which complies with the regulations in force for admission to the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the afterburning technology substantially contemplates the presence of one or more incinerators or destructors that shall burn the polluting substances present in the gaseous flow before admission to the atmosphere.
  • This apparatus in addition to involving a rather high production cost, also has high maintenance costs in particular if it is not possible to make it operate under self-thermal conditions, i.e. if combustion must
  • these apparatus have the further problem of generating secondary polluting agents (CO 2 or NO x , for example) or also dioxin in the event sufficient 25. temperatures are not reached.
  • secondary polluting agents CO 2 or NO x , for example
  • carbons generally absorb solvent in an amount of about 1/10 of their weight and therefore where important pollutant flows are present a very quick exhaustion of the depolluting capacity of the activated carbons occurs so that the latter are to be regenerated
  • Another aim of the invention consists in providing an apparatus that can be used to remove a wide variety of polluting substances and that therefore can be made suitable for different industrial sectors while always ensuring compliance with the regulations in force.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows an apparatus for removal of a polluting substance from a gaseous-phase fluid in accordance with the invention
  • - Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • - Fig. 3 shows the apparatus seen in Fig. 2 in more detail .
  • the apparatus enabling purification of the polluted fluid 3 in a gaseous phase or state has been generally identified by reference numeral 1.
  • Said apparatus will be in particular designed to operate on discharged gaseous fluids coming from different working typologies.
  • the apparatus to be described is arranged for removal and recovery of solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic or aliphatic compounds.
  • the fluid flow in a gaseous phase 1:hat will generally consist of air, and at least one (or more than one) polluting substances present in the form of vapour, droplets and/or fumes within said flow will be forced to enter the apparatus through a suction inlet 2 to pass through the apparatus itself along a flow advancing direction 6.
  • the apparatus is provided with means 8 to generate an air flow within the apparatus itself.
  • this flow is already created by other sucking systems (different from those of the apparatus in Fig. 1) within the region in which the vapours of the polluting substances are generated, exactly to cause the air to be removed from this environment.
  • the apparatus is provided with said further means 8 due to the fact that said apparatus causes a strong flow resistance while the flow is passing through and therefore, in order not to reduce suction at the inside of the manufacturing firm, one or more fans are used for complete recovery of the additional flow resistance caused by the apparatus itself.
  • the apparatus in Fig. 1 is not generally intended for thermal treatment of the air before removal of the polluting substances; in particular it is not set to vary the temperature of the incoming air and it will be therefore necessary to modify the operating power and temperatures of the different devices depending on the temperature of the incoming air. Obviously exceptionally, should it be absolutely necessary to lower the temperature of the air entering the apparatus, an exchanger with well water or similar apparatus of known type could be also used, the costs of which are not very high.
  • the incoming air first of all passes through a flow humidifier 7 selectively designed to transfer a given substance into the flow in a gaseous phase passing therethrough.
  • the humidifier used is an adiabatic humidifier acting by coalescence, of the type presently known on the market.
  • the adiabatic humidifier 7 actually is not always of fundamental importance for operation of the apparatus itself and use of same essentially depends on the conditions and type of the incoming air flow.
  • the apparatus aim is to bring the vapour pressure to values close to zero (i.e. to obtain complete liquefaction of the solvent) .
  • the adiabatic humidifier 7 can be used to admit further polluting agent to the flow so as to decrease the temperatures as required for removal of same.
  • an azeotropic mixture will be created in the flow, which will be able to be easily drained.
  • the same situation also occurs in the presence of very volatile or very hot polluting products, of such a nature that the vapour pressure is very high and does not enable frosting of said products.
  • use of the adiabatic humidifier 7 can be suitable to introduce substances acting as vehicles such as water or alternatively 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-l, 3- pentanediol monoisobutyrate, enabling the frosting temperatures to be raised, through creation of suitable azeotropic mixtures, to such values that pollutants can be removed.
  • a further situation in which the adiabatic humidifier can be used is represented by working operations in which pollutant peaks under some work conditions are generated.
  • the adiabatic humidifier 7 will be used only and exclusively when the air flow contains great amounts of pollutants and will be deactivated when said flow goes back to a smaller percentage of pollutants.
  • the adiabatic humidifier will be connected to a pump to wet the shields and cause coalescence of same.
  • a pump can be activated through a timer
  • a thermal-head device 4 maintained to a lower temperature than the temperature of the fluid flow in a gaseous phase 3 to generate a very important ⁇ t.
  • the device is passed through by the flow in a gaseous phase and causes condensing and/or frosting of at least part of the humidity and/or part of the polluting agent .
  • the first thermal head unit 4 passed through will mainly freeze the water as well as the pollutant portion that is mixed with water.
  • this exchanger will also force part of the vapours, fumes or droplets to condense and they will coalesce downwardly and will most help in absorbing part of the pollutants reaching the flow.
  • the first unit will also draw out an important part of the polluting agent, while where the solvent is hardly miscible with water (such as methylene chloride) the first unit will be fundamentally used to remarkably lower the humidity of the air flow.
  • the geometry and the exchange surfaces of the thermal-head device 4 must be conceived depending on the sizes of the apparatus and the air and pollutant flows passing therethrough; however generally the same must be conceived in such a manner that the flow in a gaseous phase passes through the thermal head device 4 at an average speed between 1 and 2 m/s and preferably at the limit of the thermal exchange between 1.2 and 1.5 m/s.
  • thermal head of about 15°C could be sufficient for the first frosting/condensing operation. Actually the thermal head used is greater even if generally due to the water enthalpy the first thermal head unit generally does not go down beyond -5/-10 0 C, but in any case it usually works under 0 0 C.
  • At least one drop separator 5 is present which is set to receive the drops or droplets already present in the flow or created during passage through the adiabatic humidifier and/or the thermal head device 4.
  • this drop separator 5 is of a turbulence type to enable a better collection of said drops and is maintained to substantially the same temperature as that of the thermal head device to increase efficiency of same.
  • the drop separator 5 is made of metal material such as steel and is directly connected to the thermal head device so that it is maintained cold (in other words it acts as a further condensing means) .
  • drop separator of a nature different from the turbulence type can be envisaged such as ceramic or sintered ceramic drop separators.
  • the flow humidifier 7, thermal head device 4 and drop separator 5 define a first module A of the apparatus; generally the apparatus itself comprises at least two modules A, B and usually three modules A, B, C in sequential engagement with each other to be passed through by the flow to be treated.
  • modules following the first one are of quite the same structure as the one previously described, the only changes being represented by the conditions of the incoming and outgoing air flow and the operating temperatures.
  • the second module will have more problems for ice creation.
  • the third module will be passed through by substantially dehumidified and already cold air and the third thermal head device 4 will work at temperatures between -25° and -35° for example, also being able to reach temperatures of -100 0 C.
  • refrigerating means 9 is provided which is adapted to generate the appropriate low temperatures in the thermal head devices 4.
  • this means consists of a compressor and a circuit using Freon as the work gas. If the apparatus embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is now examined, it is possible to see first of all that immediately downstream of the means 8 for generating the air flow within the apparatus itself there is a heat exchange unit 10 generally consisting of an air- air exchanger.
  • This heat exchange unit 10 can consist, by way of example, of a nest of boiler tubes or be in the form of a finned pack or still in a different form to enable thermal interaction between the incoming polluted fluid flow 3 and part of the low-temperature flow going out of the apparatus after purification.
  • the heat exchange unit 10 will act as a heat regenerator to enable energy regeneration to be obtained and will start lowering the temperature and creating the condensate (at least with reference to humidity and steam) of the polluted fluid flow 3 of which treatment is wished.
  • a flow mixer 11 is further provided Immediately downstream of the heat exchanger a flow mixer 11 is further provided.
  • the polluted fluid flow 3 will be physically mixed with part of the cold-air flow coming out of the apparatus as shown in circuit in Fig. 2.
  • the two flows will be put into contact with each other in a region 12 immediately upstream of the flow mixer 11 and will then pass through a mixing chamber enabling optimal mixing of same.
  • said flows can be mixed in a 1 to 1 ratio and the overall flow will pass through a series of baffles or surfaces acting as barriers for the condensate or the humidity/steam frosting as well as for part of the polluting products to be treated.
  • This air cooling unit 13 can be equivalent to a module A of the previously described type and will in detail comprise at least said thermal head device 4 and drop separator 5.
  • a first space 14 is in particular provided to be used for possible accessories to be introduced into the apparatus.
  • a de-atomiser 15 is provided which is immediately followed by a deflector 16.
  • the dry air free of pollutants and at low temperature can be partly bled (through a bleeding and recirculation fan 18, for example) to be sent to the inlet region 12 and then further mixed with the polluted fluid flow 3 entering the apparatus .
  • the portion of clean air not used for recirculation will be on the contrary sent to the heat exchange unit 10 to perform the above described functions and will then be admitted to the atmosphere.
  • a liquid receiver is placed downstream of the compressor to receive the Freon coming out of the compressor at high pressure and very hot.
  • Freon starts being cooled to reach the laminating member.
  • the Freon can be brought from about 70°C to temperatures in the order of 5-10 0 C corresponding to pressures of about 8 bars.
  • a phase of pre-expansion with a plate-type heat exchanger is carried out on part of the Freon so that the last-mentioned gas is expanded and mixed with the other gas to cool it in order to reach, during lamination, temperatures of about -20 0 C.
  • Freon gas R 507 can be laminated until pressures of about 0.45 bars so as to reach temperatures between -80 and -90 0 C.
  • the apparatus will also comprise at least one tank for collection of the polluting substance and the water separated from the flow (not shown) .
  • the tank enables an at least partial possible separation of the water and the polluting substance by decantation.
  • the air flow coming out of the apparatus will be at low temperature and 1 therefore a completely dry flow.
  • Said dry flow can be suitably heated by for example utilising the heat produced by the refrigerating means for generation of low temperatures and therefore can be re-used for drying artefacts or given closed environments where the working operations take place in such a manner that part of the heat that would be otherwise lost by dissipation can be regenerated.
  • the apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2 or 3 can be used with a reduced air flow (500-2000 normal/cubic metre per hour) to obtain deabsorption of the exhausted activated carbons .
  • the invention achieves important advantages.
  • First of all the apparatus made in accordance with the invention is of simpler construction, operation and maintenance as compared with the solutions of the known art involving afterburning or use of activated carbons.
  • the apparatus is adapted for recovery of a wide variety of solvents and polluting substances so that it can be utilised for many types of working.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil de retrait d'au moins une substance polluante d'un écoulement d'air, dans lequel l'écoulement contenant des substances polluantes traverse d'abord un humidificateur (7) apte à transférer par sélection une substance donnée dans l'écoulement par coalescence, puis traverse un dispositif de tête thermique (4) maintenu à une température inférieure à celle de l'écoulement en phase gazeuse. Le dispositif (4) permet la condensation et/ou le givrage d'une partie de l'humidité et/ou de l'agent polluant présent dans l'écoulement d'air qui traverse un pare-gouttes (5) conçu pour éliminer les gouttes ou les gouttelettes présentes dans l'écoulement en soie. L'appareil comprend au moins trois des modules précités et permet d'obtenir un écoulement d'air sec à la sortie qui présente une faible teneur en substances polluantes de manière à être admis dans l'atmosphère conformément aux normes en vigueur.
PCT/IB2005/003010 2004-11-29 2005-09-16 Procede et appareil de retrait d'une substance polluante d'un fluide gazeux WO2006056831A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2004A002296 2004-11-29
ITMI20042296 ITMI20042296A1 (it) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Impianto e metodo per la rimozione di almeno una sostanza inquinante da un fluido in fase gassosa

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WO2006056831A1 true WO2006056831A1 (fr) 2006-06-01

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPN20130058A1 (it) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-10 Parker Hannifin Mfg S R L Apparato perfezionato per il trattamento di biogas
WO2018207151A1 (fr) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Tesla, Inc. Système de récupération de dichlorométhane

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4469720A (en) * 1982-04-08 1984-09-04 The Dow Chemical Company Solvent recovery system
DE3712209A1 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-27 Hoelter Heinz Reinigungsgeraet fuer abluft hinter fisch- und fleischraeuchereien
DE3907437A1 (de) * 1989-03-08 1989-07-13 Makel Luft & Umwelttechnik Gmb Verfahren zur entfernung von loesungsmittelbestandteilen aus der abluft von lackieranlagen und dergleichen
US5277707A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-01-11 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Air stream solvent vapor remover
EP0691156A2 (fr) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-10 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Traitement de gaz d'échappement
EP1074288A1 (fr) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-07 Munters Euroform GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour l'élimination des composés organiques volatiles contenus dans un courant gazeux
US6344177B1 (en) * 1997-04-23 2002-02-05 Enviro-Energy Products, Inc. Heat recovery and pollution abatement device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4469720A (en) * 1982-04-08 1984-09-04 The Dow Chemical Company Solvent recovery system
DE3712209A1 (de) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-27 Hoelter Heinz Reinigungsgeraet fuer abluft hinter fisch- und fleischraeuchereien
DE3907437A1 (de) * 1989-03-08 1989-07-13 Makel Luft & Umwelttechnik Gmb Verfahren zur entfernung von loesungsmittelbestandteilen aus der abluft von lackieranlagen und dergleichen
US5277707A (en) * 1992-07-16 1994-01-11 Cool Fog Systems, Inc. Air stream solvent vapor remover
EP0691156A2 (fr) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-10 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Traitement de gaz d'échappement
US6344177B1 (en) * 1997-04-23 2002-02-05 Enviro-Energy Products, Inc. Heat recovery and pollution abatement device
EP1074288A1 (fr) * 1999-08-06 2001-02-07 Munters Euroform GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour l'élimination des composés organiques volatiles contenus dans un courant gazeux

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPN20130058A1 (it) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-10 Parker Hannifin Mfg S R L Apparato perfezionato per il trattamento di biogas
EP2859934A1 (fr) * 2013-10-09 2015-04-15 Parker Hannifin Manufacturing S.r.l. Dispositif amélioré pour le traitment de biogaz
WO2018207151A1 (fr) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Tesla, Inc. Système de récupération de dichlorométhane

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Publication number Publication date
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