WO2006053355A1 - Rotor for wind turbines - Google Patents

Rotor for wind turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006053355A1
WO2006053355A1 PCT/AT2005/000441 AT2005000441W WO2006053355A1 WO 2006053355 A1 WO2006053355 A1 WO 2006053355A1 AT 2005000441 W AT2005000441 W AT 2005000441W WO 2006053355 A1 WO2006053355 A1 WO 2006053355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
blades
hub
wind
cowl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2005/000441
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Markopulos
Original Assignee
Johannes Markopulos
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johannes Markopulos filed Critical Johannes Markopulos
Publication of WO2006053355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006053355A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/13—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy
    • F03D9/14—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing gravitational potential energy using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/217—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the crossflow- or "Banki"- or "double action" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/24—Geometry three-dimensional ellipsoidal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rotor for wind power plants, with a hub and a plurality of blades, which are designed for a radial flow from the inside to the outside.
  • a rotor of this type ie with blades that are flowed through radially from the inside to the outside, is known from US 4,915,580.
  • the blades are rigidly mounted on the hub.
  • Wind power plants are subject to strongly changing .Anström discipline.
  • Rotors for wind power plants 1 must therefore fulfill various conflicting requirements. On the one hand, they should start even at very low wind speeds and be designed and balanced accordingly, on the other hand, they must be able to withstand storms and strong gusts of wind and be designed to be correspondingly robust.
  • the number of revolutions of the rotor should always be subject to fluctuations as low as possible under changing flow conditions in order to simplify the generation of energy in the power plant.
  • the invention fertil aims to provide a rotor for a wind power plant, which meets all these requirements.
  • the blades can be adjusted according to the flow velocity, so that always an optimal operating range and thus efficiency of the rotor can was ⁇ achieved.
  • the blades are preferably spring-loaded counter to their outward pivoting movement, so that they swivel outward as the flow speed and force of the wind increases and, as it were, progressively "open.”
  • the blades may be loaded with centrifugal force due to their weight distribution, contrary to their downward movement.
  • the centrifugal force loading of the blades is achieved, 1 that they are each provided with a projecting from its pivot axis opposite lever weight, which allows a simple ein ⁇ lumpy production.
  • the hub carries a stop for limiting the outward pivoting movement of the blades in order to prevent the blades from opening too far and then developing too little force.
  • the hub has two rings spaced apart from one another axially, between which the pivot axes of the blades are mounted. This results in a particularly stable storage of the blades.
  • the wreaths can be prefabricated in different sizes and assembled with uniform hubs, creating a modular system for the production of rotors of different diameters and sizes.
  • the invention is concerned with the provision of a rotor of the type presented with vertical Ro ⁇ torachse and a cowl, which deflects the Windanströmung to the rotor, according to the invention, the windshield rotatably mounted parallel to the rotor axis and with a tail for Ausrich ⁇ tion is provided in the wind.
  • the cowl is equipped with fe ⁇ derbelasteten, venting into the open air outlet flaps verse ⁇ , whereby wind gusts and wind peaks are derived can to keep the number of revolutions of the rotor even better constant.
  • the cowl is preferably equipped with a parking brake, so that ei ⁇ ne backup of the wind power plant in the case of strong winds or storms is possible.
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the Zeichnun ⁇ . 1 and 2 show the rotor according to the invention in a cross-sectional side view and a top view, respectively, FIG. 3 shows the mounting of one of the blades of the rotor of the invention in partial section,
  • FIG. 4 shows one of the blades of the rotor of the invention in egg ner plan view and Figs. 5 and 6 an alternative embodiment of the cowl in a cross-sectional side view and a plan view.
  • a rotor 1 for a wind power plant has a hub 2 which supports rotor blades 3 on its circumference, which are designed for a radial through-flow from the inside to the outside, as known in the art.
  • the hub 2 comprises two axially spaced wreaths 4, 5 (Fig. 3), which distributed over its circumference bear bolts, pins or sleeves 6, on which the blades 3 are articulated.
  • the upper rim 4 is annular, so that it leaves a central opening 7 for the axial flow of the rotor 1.
  • the lower rim 5 may be part of a lower all-round cover of the rotor, which causes a deflection of the axial flow in the radial flow to the outside for driving the blades 3, as known in the art.
  • a cowl 9 is rotatably mounted, which is equipped with a tail 10.
  • the Leit ⁇ factory 10 causes such an orientation of the cowl 9 in the wind that its inlet 11 receives the wind flow and to the rotor 1, more precisely to the central opening 7 of the ring 4, directs.
  • one of the blades 3 is shown in two positions, namely with solid lines in the inward pivoted position and with dashed lines in the outwardly pivoted position.
  • the blades 3 are each provided with a lever 12 projecting from its pivot axis or articulation 6 opposite Hebelge ⁇ weight 12, which is formed for example by a thickened end of the blade 3 itself.
  • the mass of the Hebelge ⁇ weight portion 12 of the blade 3 is greater than that of lying on the other side of the linkage 6 flow-effective Tei ⁇ les 13 of the blade 3.
  • the Anströmkraft overcomes the centrifugal force of the lever weight 12, so that the blade 3 progressively pivots outwardly until it strikes the position shown in phantom in Fig. 4 at a stop 14 which is formed on the hub 2.
  • a corresponding Federkraftbela ⁇ Stung could be provided (not shown).
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the cowl 9.
  • the cowl 9 covered here in Windanström ⁇ direction with a cover 15, the rotor 1, so that it is in the "slipstream" of the cowl 9.
  • the cowl 9 is equipped with spring-loaded, open into the open air outlet flaps 16, which open in a particularly strong flow and discharged part of the wind into the open unused to keep the speed of the rotor 1 constant.
  • the cowl 9 can also be seen ver ⁇ with its rotational movement about the axis 8 blocking parking brake (not shown) to allow a backup of the wind power plant in strong winds or storms.

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor (1) for wind turbines, comprising a hub (2) and several blades (3), which are configured for the radial passage of air from the interior to the exterior. Said blades (3) around the periphery of the hub (2) are hinged about a respective pivoting axis (6) that runs parallel to the hub axis (8).

Description

Rotor für Windkraftwerke Rotor for wind power plants
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Rotor für Wind¬ kraftwerke, mit einer Nabe und mehreren Schaufeln, die für eine radiale Durchströmung von innen nach außen ausgebildet sind.The present invention relates to a rotor for wind power plants, with a hub and a plurality of blades, which are designed for a radial flow from the inside to the outside.
Ein Rotor dieser Art, d.h. mit Schaufeln, die radial von innen nach außen durchströmt werden, ist aus der US 4 915 580 bekannt. Bei dem bekannten Rotor sind die Schaufeln starr an der Nabe montiert. Windkraftwerke sind stark wechselnden .Anströmbedingungen unterworfen. Rotoren für Windkraftwerke müssen1 daher verschie¬ denste gegensätzliche Anforderungen erfüllen. Zum einen sollen sie bereits bei geringsten Windstärken anlaufen und dafür ent¬ sprechen geformt und gleichgewichtig sein, zum anderen müssen sie auch Stürmen und starken Windböen widerstehen können und dafür entsprechend robust ausgelegt sein. Nicht zuletzt soll die Umdrehungszahl des Rotors bei wechselnden Strömungsbedin¬ gungen dennoch möglichst geringen Schwankungen unterliegen, um die Energieerzeugung im Kraftwerk zu vereinfachen. Die Erfin- düng setzt sich zum Ziel, einen Rotor für ein Windkraftwerk zu schaffen, welcher allen diesen Anforderungen genügt.A rotor of this type, ie with blades that are flowed through radially from the inside to the outside, is known from US 4,915,580. In the known rotor, the blades are rigidly mounted on the hub. Wind power plants are subject to strongly changing .Anströmbedingungen. Rotors for wind power plants 1 must therefore fulfill various conflicting requirements. On the one hand, they should start even at very low wind speeds and be designed and balanced accordingly, on the other hand, they must be able to withstand storms and strong gusts of wind and be designed to be correspondingly robust. Last but not least, the number of revolutions of the rotor should always be subject to fluctuations as low as possible under changing flow conditions in order to simplify the generation of energy in the power plant. The invention fertil aims to provide a rotor for a wind power plant, which meets all these requirements.
Dieses Ziel wird mit einem Rotor der eingangs genannten Art erreicht, der sich gemäß der Erfindung dadurch auszeichnet, daß die Schaufeln am Umfang der Nabe um jeweils eine zur Naben- achse parallele Schwenkachse angelenkt sind.This object is achieved with a rotor of the type mentioned above, which is characterized according to the invention in that the blades are articulated on the circumference of the hub by a respective axis of rotation parallel to the hub axis.
Auf diese Weise können sich die Schaufeln entsprechend der Anströmgeschwindigkeit einstellen, sodaß stets ein optimaler Betriebsbereich und damit Wirkungsgrad des Rotors erreicht wer¬ den kann. Bevorzugt sind dazu die Schaufeln entgegen ihrer Auswärts- schwenkbewegung federbelastet, sodaß sie bei zunehmender An¬ strömgeschwindigkeit und -kraft des Windes nach außen schwenken und sich gleichsam fortschreitend „öffnen". Alternativ können die Schaufeln durch ihre Gewichtsverteilung entgegen ihrer Aus- wärtsbewegung fliehkraftbelastet sein. Mit beiden Maßnahmen _ p _In this way, the blades can be adjusted according to the flow velocity, so that always an optimal operating range and thus efficiency of the rotor can wer¬ achieved. For this purpose, the blades are preferably spring-loaded counter to their outward pivoting movement, so that they swivel outward as the flow speed and force of the wind increases and, as it were, progressively "open." Alternatively, the blades may be loaded with centrifugal force due to their weight distribution, contrary to their downward movement. With both measures _ p _
kann erreicht werden, daß die Drehzahl des Rotors auch bei zu¬ nehmender Windgeschwindigkeit oder kurzen Windböen weitgehend konstant bleibt.can be achieved that the speed of the rotor remains largely constant even at zu¬ decreasing wind speed or short gusts.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Fliehkraftbelastung der Schaufeln dadurch erreicht,1 daß sie jeweils mit einem von ihrer Schwenkachse entgegengesetzt auskragenden Hebelgewicht versehen sind, was eine einfache ein¬ stückige Fertigung ermöglicht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the centrifugal force loading of the blades is achieved, 1 that they are each provided with a projecting from its pivot axis opposite lever weight, which allows a simple ein¬ lumpy production.
In jedem Fall ist es besonders günstig, wenn die Nabe An- schlage zur Begrenzung der Auswärtsschwenkbewegung der Schau¬ feln trägt, um zu verhindern, daß die Schaufeln sich zu weit öffnen und dann zu geringe Kraft entwickeln.In any case, it is particularly advantageous if the hub carries a stop for limiting the outward pivoting movement of the blades in order to prevent the blades from opening too far and then developing too little force.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Er¬ findung wird vorgesehen, daß die Nabe zwei voneinander axial beabstandete Kränze aufweist, zwischen denen die Schwenkachsen der Schaufeln gelagert sind. Dies ergibt eine besonders stabile Lagerung der Schaufeln. Darüber hinaus können die Kränze in verschiedenen Größen vorgefertigt und mit einheitlichen Naben zusammengebaut werden, was ein modulares Baukastensystem für die Fertigung von Rotoren unterschiedlicher Durchmesser und Größen schafft.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the hub has two rings spaced apart from one another axially, between which the pivot axes of the blades are mounted. This results in a particularly stable storage of the blades. In addition, the wreaths can be prefabricated in different sizes and assembled with uniform hubs, creating a modular system for the production of rotors of different diameters and sizes.
In einem weiteren Aspekt befaßt sich die Erfindung mit der Schaffung eines Rotors der vorgestellten Art mit vertikaler Ro¬ torachse und einer Windhutze, welche die Windanströmung zum Ro- tor umlenkt, wobei erfindungsgemäß die Windhutze parallel zur Rotorachse drehbar gelagert und mit einem Leitwerk zur Ausrich¬ tung im Wind versehen ist. Mit dieser Anordnung können Rotoren mit beträchtlichem Außendurchmesser aufgebaut werden, welche - im Gegensatz zu Rotoren mit horizontaler Drehachse - keine stö- renden periodischen Schlagschatten in die Umgebung werfen, da ihr einziger hochragender Teil die Windhutze ist.In a further aspect, the invention is concerned with the provision of a rotor of the type presented with vertical Ro¬ torachse and a cowl, which deflects the Windanströmung to the rotor, according to the invention, the windshield rotatably mounted parallel to the rotor axis and with a tail for Ausrich¬ tion is provided in the wind. With this arrangement, it is possible to construct rotors of considerable outer diameter, which, unlike rotors with a horizontal axis of rotation, do not throw disturbing periodic shadows into the surroundings, since their only high-rising part is the wind hood.
Bevorzugt wird dabei vorgesehen, daß die Windhutze mit fe¬ derbelasteten, ins Freie mündenden Luftaustrittsklappen verse¬ hen ist, wodurch Windböen und Windspitzen abgeleitet werden können, um die Umdrehungszahl des Rotors noch besser konstant zu halten.Preferably, it is provided that the cowl is equipped with fe¬ derbelasteten, venting into the open air outlet flaps verse¬, whereby wind gusts and wind peaks are derived can to keep the number of revolutions of the rotor even better constant.
Zur maximalen Ausnutzung des anströmenden Windes überdeckt gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung die Windhutze in Windanströmrichtung gesehen den Rotor.For maximum utilization of the oncoming wind covers according to a further feature of the invention, the Windhutze seen in Windanströmrichtung the rotor.
In jedem Fall ist es besonders günstig, wenn die Windhutze bevorzugt mit einer Feststellbremse ausgestattet ist, sodaß ei¬ ne Sicherung des Windkraftwerkes im Falle von Starkwinden oder Unwettern möglich ist. Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von in den Zeichnun¬ gen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen die Fig. 1 und 2 den Rotor gemäß der Erfindung in einer querschnittlichen Seitenansicht bzw. einer Draufsicht, Fig. 3 die Lagerung einer der Schaufeln des Rotors der Er¬ findung ausschnittsweise im Schnitt,In any case, it is particularly advantageous if the cowl is preferably equipped with a parking brake, so that ei¬ ne backup of the wind power plant in the case of strong winds or storms is possible. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the Zeichnun¬. 1 and 2 show the rotor according to the invention in a cross-sectional side view and a top view, respectively, FIG. 3 shows the mounting of one of the blades of the rotor of the invention in partial section,
Fig. 4 eine der Schaufeln des Rotors der Erfindung in ei¬ ner Draufsicht und die Fig. 5 und 6 eine alternative Ausführungsform der Windhutze in einer querschnittlichen Seitenansicht bzw. einer Draufsicht.4 shows one of the blades of the rotor of the invention in egg ner plan view and Figs. 5 and 6 an alternative embodiment of the cowl in a cross-sectional side view and a plan view.
Gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 weist ein Rotor 1 für ein Wind¬ kraftwerk eine Nabe 2 auf, welche an ihrem Umfang Rotorschau¬ feln 3 lagert, die für eine radiale Durchströmung von innen nach außen ausgebildet sind, wie in der Technik bekannt.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, a rotor 1 for a wind power plant has a hub 2 which supports rotor blades 3 on its circumference, which are designed for a radial through-flow from the inside to the outside, as known in the art.
Zu diesem Zweck umfaßt die Nabe 2 zwei voneinander axial beabstandete Kränze 4, 5 (Fig. 3) , welche über ihren Umfang verteilt Bolzen, Stifte bzw. Hülsen 6 lagern, an denen die Schaufeln 3 angelenkt sind. Der obere Kranz 4 ist kreisringför- mig, sodaß er eine zentrale Öffnung 7 zur axialen Anströmung des Rotors 1 beläßt. Der untere Kranz 5 kann Teil einer unteren vollkreisförmigen Abdeckung des Rotors sein, die eine Umlenkung der axialen Anströmung in die radiale Strömung nach außen zum Antrieb der Schaufeln 3 bewirkt, wie dem Fachmann bekannt. Auf der Achse 8 des Rotors 1 ist eine Windhutze 9 drehbar gelagert, die mit einem Leitwerk 10 ausgestattet ist. Das Leit¬ werk 10 bewirkt eine derartige Ausrichtung der Windhutze 9 im Wind, daß ihr Einlaß 11 die Windströmung empfängt und zum Rotor 1, genauer zur zentralen Öffnung 7 des Kranzes 4, lenkt.For this purpose, the hub 2 comprises two axially spaced wreaths 4, 5 (Fig. 3), which distributed over its circumference bear bolts, pins or sleeves 6, on which the blades 3 are articulated. The upper rim 4 is annular, so that it leaves a central opening 7 for the axial flow of the rotor 1. The lower rim 5 may be part of a lower all-round cover of the rotor, which causes a deflection of the axial flow in the radial flow to the outside for driving the blades 3, as known in the art. On the axis 8 of the rotor 1, a cowl 9 is rotatably mounted, which is equipped with a tail 10. The Leit¬ factory 10 causes such an orientation of the cowl 9 in the wind that its inlet 11 receives the wind flow and to the rotor 1, more precisely to the central opening 7 of the ring 4, directs.
In Fig. 4 ist eine der Schaufeln 3 in zwei Stellungen ge¬ zeigt, und zwar mit ausgezogenen Linien in der einwärts ge¬ schwenkten Stellung und mit strichlierten Linien in der aus¬ wärts geschwenkten Stellung. Die Schaufeln 3 sind jeweils mit einem von ihrer Schwenk¬ achse bzw. Anlenkung 6 entgegengesetzt auskragenden Hebelge¬ wicht 12 versehen, das beispielsweise durch ein verdicktes Ende der Schaufel 3 selbst gebildet wird. Die Masse des Hebelge¬ wicht-Teiles 12 der Schaufel 3 ist größer als jene des auf der anderen Seite der Anlenkung 6 liegenden strömungswirksamen Tei¬ les 13 der Schaufel 3. Dadurch übt die Fliehkraft des Hebelge¬ wichtes 12 bei der Drehung auf den strömungswirksamen Teil 13 eine einwärts gerichtete Kraft aus, gegen welche die Anströmung antritt. Bei starker Anströmung der Schaufel 3 überwindet die Anströmkraft die Fliehkraft des Hebelgewichtes 12, sodaß die Schaufel 3 fortschreitend nach außen schwenkt, bis sie in der in Fig. 4 strichliert gezeigten Stellung an einem Anschlag 14 anschlägt, der an der Nabe 2 ausgebildet ist.In FIG. 4, one of the blades 3 is shown in two positions, namely with solid lines in the inward pivoted position and with dashed lines in the outwardly pivoted position. The blades 3 are each provided with a lever 12 projecting from its pivot axis or articulation 6 opposite Hebelge¬ weight 12, which is formed for example by a thickened end of the blade 3 itself. The mass of the Hebelge¬ weight portion 12 of the blade 3 is greater than that of lying on the other side of the linkage 6 flow-effective Tei¬ les 13 of the blade 3. Thus exerts the centrifugal force of the Hebelge¬ weight 12 in the rotation of the flow-effective part 13 an inwardly directed force against which the incoming flow. With strong flow of the blade 3, the Anströmkraft overcomes the centrifugal force of the lever weight 12, so that the blade 3 progressively pivots outwardly until it strikes the position shown in phantom in Fig. 4 at a stop 14 which is formed on the hub 2.
Anstelle der Fliehkraftbelastung der Schaufel 3 durch das Hebelgewicht 12 könnte auch eine entsprechende Federkraftbela¬ stung vorgesehen werden (nicht gezeigt) .Instead of the centrifugal force load of the blade 3 by the lever weight 12, a corresponding Federkraftbela¬ Stung could be provided (not shown).
Die Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen eine alternative Ausführungsform der Windhutze 9. Die Windhutze 9 überdeckt hier in Windanström¬ richtung gesehen mit einem Abdeckteil 15 den Rotor 1, sodaß dieser im „Windschatten" der Windhutze 9 liegt.5 and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the cowl 9. The cowl 9 covered here in Windanström¬ direction with a cover 15, the rotor 1, so that it is in the "slipstream" of the cowl 9.
Die Windhutze 9 ist mit federbelasteten, ins Freie münden¬ den Luftaustrittsklappen 16 ausgestattet, welche bei besonders starker Anströmung öffnen und einen Teil des Windes ungenützt ins Freie entlassen, um die Drehzahl des Rotors 1 konstant zu halten. Die Windhutze 9 kann ferner mit einer ihre Drehbewegung um die Achse 8 blockierenden Feststellbremse (nicht gezeigt) ver¬ sehen sein, um eine Sicherung des Windkraftwerkes bei Starkwind oder Unwettern zu ermöglichen.The cowl 9 is equipped with spring-loaded, open into the open air outlet flaps 16, which open in a particularly strong flow and discharged part of the wind into the open unused to keep the speed of the rotor 1 constant. The cowl 9 can also be seen ver¬ with its rotational movement about the axis 8 blocking parking brake (not shown) to allow a backup of the wind power plant in strong winds or storms.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungs¬ formen beschränkt, sondern umfaßt alle Varianten und Modifika¬ tionen, die in den Rahmen der angeschlossenen Ansprüche fallen. The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but includes all variants and modifications that fall within the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Rotor (1) für Windkraftwerke, mit einer Nabe (2) und mehreren Schaufeln (3) , die für eine radiale Durchströmung von innen nach außen ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufeln (3) am Umfang der Nabe (2) um jeweils eine zur Nabenachse (8) parallele Schwenkachse (6) angelenkt sind.1. rotor (1) for wind power plants, with a hub (2) and a plurality of blades (3), which are designed for a radial flow from the inside to the outside, characterized in that the blades (3) on the circumference of the hub (2) are each articulated about a pivot axis (6) parallel to the hub axle (8).
2. Rotor (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufeln (3) entgegen ihrer Auswärtsschwenkbewegung federbelastet sind.2. rotor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (3) are spring-loaded against their Auswärtsschwenkbewegung.
3. Rotor (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufeln (3) jeweils mit einem von ihrer Schwenkachse (6) entgegengesetzt auskragenden Hebelgewicht (12) versehen sind. 3. rotor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (3) are each provided with one of its pivot axis (6) opposite projecting lever weight (12).
4. Rotor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nabe (2) Anschläge (14) zur Begrenzung der Auswärtsschwenkbewegung der Schaufeln (3) , trägt.4. rotor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hub (2) stops (14) for limiting the outward pivoting movement of the blades (3) carries.
5. Rotor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nabe (2) zwei voneinander axial beab- standete Kränze (4, 5) aufweist, zwischen denen die Schwenkach¬ sen (6) der Schaufeln (3) angeordnet sind.5. Rotor (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hub (2) has two axially spaced apart from each other wreaths (4, 5), between which the Schwenkach¬ sen (6) of the blades (3 ) are arranged.
6. Rotor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 mit verti¬ kaler Rotorachse (8) und einer Windhutze (9), welche die Wind- anströmung zum Rotor (1) umlenkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windhutze (9) parallel zur Rotorachse (8) drehbar gelagert und mit einem Leitwerk (10) zur Ausrichtung im Wind versehen ist.6. rotor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5 with verti¬ cal rotor axis (8) and a Windhutze (9), which deflects the wind flow to the rotor (1), characterized in that the Windhutze (9) in parallel rotatably mounted to the rotor axis (8) and is provided with a tail unit (10) for alignment in the wind.
7. Rotor (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windhutze (9) mit federbelasteten, ins Freie mündenden Luftaustrittsklappen (16) versehen ist.7. rotor (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the cowl (9) is provided with spring-loaded, opening into the open air outlet flaps (16).
8. Rotor (1) nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Windhutze (9) in Windanströmrichtung gesehen den Rotor (1) überdeckt. 8. rotor (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the wind hood (9) seen in Windanströmrichtung the rotor (1) covers.
9. Rotor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Windhutze (9) mit einer Feststellbremse ausgestattet ist. 9. rotor (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the cowl (9) is equipped with a parking brake.
PCT/AT2005/000441 2004-11-19 2005-11-08 Rotor for wind turbines WO2006053355A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0194404A AT413741B (en) 2004-11-19 2004-11-19 ROTOR FOR WIND POWER PLANTS
ATA1944/2004 2004-11-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006053355A1 true WO2006053355A1 (en) 2006-05-26

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WO (1) WO2006053355A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102418669A (en) * 2011-12-04 2012-04-18 苏州方暨圆节能科技有限公司 Vertical wind driven generator

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DE255518C (en) * 1900-01-01
US4915580A (en) * 1984-02-07 1990-04-10 Sambrabec Inc. Wind turbine runner impulse type
WO1991005162A1 (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-04-18 Ahti Kalervo Heikkinen Wind power plant
US5425619A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-06-20 Aylor; Elmo E. Self governing fluid energy turbine
US6191496B1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2001-02-20 Dillyn M. Elder Wind turbine system
CA2349443A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-01 Compagnie De Gestion Optilog Inc. Wind turbine design

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GB191012096A (en) * 1910-05-17 1911-03-23 Thomas Brown Cooper Improvements in and relating to Wind Driven Motors.
DE336599C (en) * 1918-12-10 1921-05-10 Gottlob Woehr windmill
FR530231A (en) * 1921-01-27 1921-12-17 Wind motor
US2038467A (en) * 1934-08-30 1936-04-21 Zanoski Leon Windmill
US4116581A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-09-26 Bolie Victor W Severe climate windmill
DE19501036A1 (en) * 1995-01-16 1995-07-13 Richter Wolfgang Radially streamed vertical axis wind-power converter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE255518C (en) * 1900-01-01
US4915580A (en) * 1984-02-07 1990-04-10 Sambrabec Inc. Wind turbine runner impulse type
WO1991005162A1 (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-04-18 Ahti Kalervo Heikkinen Wind power plant
US5425619A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-06-20 Aylor; Elmo E. Self governing fluid energy turbine
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CA2349443A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-01 Compagnie De Gestion Optilog Inc. Wind turbine design

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AT413741B (en) 2006-05-15

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