WO2006048404A1 - Centrale houlomotrice - Google Patents

Centrale houlomotrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006048404A1
WO2006048404A1 PCT/EP2005/055606 EP2005055606W WO2006048404A1 WO 2006048404 A1 WO2006048404 A1 WO 2006048404A1 EP 2005055606 W EP2005055606 W EP 2005055606W WO 2006048404 A1 WO2006048404 A1 WO 2006048404A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power plant
chamber
pumping chamber
fluid
turbine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/055606
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Hunziker
Original Assignee
Werner Hunziker
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werner Hunziker filed Critical Werner Hunziker
Priority to CA002584913A priority Critical patent/CA2584913A1/fr
Publication of WO2006048404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006048404A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/188—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is flexible or deformable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/24—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power plant suitable for generating energy from water, in particular a sea-wave power plant, comprising at least one turbine operated by fluid and at least one generator driven by the turbine.
  • the invention has the object, a power plant of the type mentioned advantageous, in particular to achieve a high hen ⁇ efficiency, educate.
  • the power plant comprises at least one fluid circulating unit, these each having at least one suitable for receiving and for time-variable delivery of fluid pumping chamber (also referred to as pumping part ), wherein the chamber volume of the pumping chamber is reduced due to external force, in particular due to the action of waves, by displacing fluid from the pumping chamber.
  • fluid pumping chamber also referred to as pumping part
  • a compressible fluid such as gas, in particular air, may be provided for the operation of the turbine preferably a compressible fluid such as gas, in particular air, may be provided.
  • the mode of operation is such that the fluid circulating in operation in the fluid circulation unit initially fills the pumping chamber in an initial or idle state.
  • the pressure in the return flow has become greater than the pressure in the pumping chamber, in particular when after the decay of the force of a sea wave, a certain operating time of the turbine has elapsed.
  • the force or energy preferably a sea wave, which acts from the outside, is practically completely absorbed. constantly used for energy conversion or generation by a generator or the like, so that a high efficiency can be achieved. It is advantageous that a more uniform operation is made possible even in the event of an impact force acting on external force by Aus ⁇ use of a certain storage effect in the pressure chamber.
  • the power plant according to the invention for generating energy by means of a generator or the like on the one hand preferably a ge targeted adaptation to the exploitation of the energy of sea waves, alternatively by deviating design and arrangement a targeted vote for the use of Tidenhubes possible.
  • the power plant according to the invention provides the possibility of a comparatively continuous operation of the turbine and of a generator connected thereto.
  • the turbine can be an air turbine known per se, ie in principle any turbine suitable for operation with air, in particular cold air, used.
  • a type of turbine would also be suitable, as it would otherwise also be used as a gas turbine with hot gas or as an exhaust gas turbine (for example in a turbocharger of a diesel engine).
  • the hydropower plant can be kept floating and possibly anchored in such a way that it follows the tidal range unhindered, whereby no use of the tides themselves for energy generation takes place .
  • the system according to the invention with the air displacement could alternatively also be tuned to use the tidal stroke for energy generation.
  • a number of preferably rubber-elastic containers filled with air or a comparable fluid are anchored on the seafloor and lie directly below the water level at low tide. At high tide, the air in the containers is compressed and could be used either decentralized or centrally, for example.
  • On land for energy It is conceivable that with such a plant using the tide relative to an area of One square kilometer at a tidal range of ten meters a Treasureleis ⁇ tion of about 2 megawatts can be achieved.
  • the power plant As a marine wave power plant, there is the possibility that a number floating bodies and / or in particular provided with the fluid for operating the turbine floating chambers is provided so that the power plant is buoyant. This makes it possible for the wave power plant to be held by the tide independently of the respective water level at a level which is suitable for the force effect of the waves on the pumping chamber.
  • the power plant has anchoring means which can be fastened on the ground, on the bank or the like.
  • ropes, chains or the like fixed to the power plant are preferably to be considered, which are to be fixed to the ground, bank, etc., for example by weight, hooking or other suitable means.
  • the float body / floating chambers can also be adapted to avoid deflection of the system when waves impinge on the upper side of the power plant, especially the pumping chamber.
  • a floating chamber may preferably extend below the pump chamber.
  • Anchoring can also take place in particular on the underside (seabed) in such a way that, as a result of limited length of the cables, chains or the like, this results in a certain limitation of the buoyancy caused by buoyancy bodies.
  • One possible meaning may be that by such an anchoring an undesirable Auf ⁇ swim the wave power plant to a larger, without breaking nä ⁇ hernde wave is avoidable.
  • the anchoring means are adapted to a balance of the tide. This is for example possible because a certain, required to compensate for the tide length of anchored on the ground ropes or the like depends only on the tide, for example. Time or dependent on a sensor is released, so that a further lifting to float on waves is not possible. Another possibility is seen in the fact that by means of suitable means only the length of the rope necessary for gradual tidal compensation is slowly released (or absorbed), while rapid changes by waves lead to a blocking effect.
  • the height of the shaft power plant can be adjusted in relation to the respective mean water level, ie the water line, by means of the number of floats and / or anchoring means.
  • the pumping chamber is at least partially, preferably predominantly or completely above the waterline.
  • the pumping chamber preference is given to an embodiment in which it is bounded at least in regions by an airtight, preferably rubber-elastic membrane and more preferably a rubber membrane.
  • a rubber-elastic property of the membrane leads in comparison to a merely slight deformability to the fact that a certain shape and thus a certain chamber volume of the pump chamber is favored, for example a shape which is associated with a desired filling state of the pump chamber before the arrival of a shaft .
  • a rubber-elastic property of the membrane can also offer advantages in a power plant with several interconnected fluid circulation units.
  • the membrane is provided with a fabric reinforcement, which preferably has only one slight elongation allows.
  • the membrane is attached to the edge of the chamber in an air-tight manner on a blade-like shell for forming or bordering the chamber interior, wherein the side edges of the shell extend in particular diagonally with respect to the waterline. It is considered expedient if the pumping chamber, at least in the state filled with fluid / air, forms a pillow-like surface which is exposed laterally or forward and / or on the upper side for an external force attack by sea waves.
  • the membrane can have, in a longitudinal section, a convexly curved contour connecting the two ends of said diagonal.
  • Such a design is initially conducive to the best possible use of the dynamic energy of the rolling waves insofar as the rolling waves are braked to the point of calming down (depending on the dimensions over several meters). This means that not only is the use of the level difference caused by the waves taking place, but also the dynamic forces of the waves are used.
  • the waves are faced with an obstacle on which they do not simply bounce off, but by displacing and compressing fluid or air, the wave energy is degraded within a short time (preferably a few seconds or fractions of a second).
  • the shell provides lower and laterally a desired stability so that the pumping chamber or membrane in particular also deflects sideways against diagonally arriving waves is prevented.
  • the pumping chamber to the power plant ie the same relative to other components, is articulated.
  • the aforementioned blade-like shell can be hinged to a remaining housing or frame of the wave power plant, where the hinge axis is preferably approximately parallel to the crest in the wave expected or predominant attack direction of the waves and vorzugswei ⁇ se above the waterline.
  • the inlet and / or outlet valves there is the possibility that they are designed as automatic check valves.
  • the inlet and / or outlet valves preferably have a large passage cross-section in order to offer a low flow resistance in the respective passage direction.
  • a reduction drive is arranged between turbine and generator.
  • a closed fluid circuit it is furthermore preferred for a closed fluid circuit to exist within the at least one fluid circulation unit. This means that the fluid used to drive the turbine from the external environment, i. is also completely shielded by the water acting deformingly from the outside onto the pumping chamber. Nevertheless, it is possible to supplement fluid escaping from the closed system if necessary, which is expediently automatically possible by means of suitable sensors and thus controlled fluid supply devices.
  • a wave power plant with a single, self-contained fluid circuit would preferably be for a decentralized
  • such a wave power plant can have a length as permitted by the forces which occur for the float or pontoons or floating chambers. sen.
  • the pumping chamber or air bubble under the membrane should not exceed a length of ten to twelve meters, in particular transversely to the shaft main attack direction, ie, the direction of shaft main movement. This is to prevent a diagonal incoming wave behind the membrane relieved again, so that the air can flow back directly.
  • fluid circulation units are connected to one another, so that the respective return flow chambers communicate with each other and the respective pressure chambers communicate with each other to exchange fluid, whereby the fluid circulation units can each comprise at least one or in total a common turbine.
  • the pressure chambers and the vomströmschn between the individual elements are open, so that the energy can be obtained if desired, even with only one unit (turbine, generator and control) , An ideal state is reached when the wavefront impinges on the wave power plant at an angle, so that a shaft overflows permanently over the system, permitting continuous, uniform operation due to the compression of air and the gradual activation of the various pumping chambers.
  • all the pump chambers work into the common pressure chambers, and the return air flows back to those pump chambers in which there is just the slightest resistance.
  • the pressure chambers which may themselves have the meaning of floating chambers, can also be included in the flow, whereupon they are again filled with the fluid, for example air, for later lifting of the system and for further energy generation are.
  • an estimated continuous power of one megawatt is to be expected with respect to a length of one hundred meters transversely to the wave main attack direction in a swell of about one meter in height.
  • the system is self-contained, ie all elements are integrated in it. Only the transfer of the generated energy, for example, to the mainland requires a connection.
  • one or more cushion-like pumping chambers lie next to one another in a sheath-like shell, wherein the shell contacts Their side edges guide walls for lateral boundary and / or system or support of ei ⁇ NEN or more pumping chambers.
  • the guide walls have an overall substantially rectangular contour, wherein ein ⁇ individual or more corners may also be rounded.
  • the flexible wall is fastened airtight to the guide walls along connecting lines sloping diagonally to the waterline towards the front side of the wave power plant.
  • a circumferentially airtight connection is achieved by, for example, also providing such an attachment at the front edge of the blade bottom and at the upper edge of the blade rear wall.
  • the diagonal connection to the baffles has the advantage that the flexible wall can be deformed as required both convex (inflated) and concave (empty pumped).
  • a pump chambers constructively, for example, be formed virtually completely from an airtight, in particular rubber-elastic, membrane, wherein connections to the power plant having at least one inlet and outlet valve are present and the connections, if necessary, in addition to the laterally supporting baffles also a certain Hold function can take over.
  • a pump chambers constructively, for example, be formed virtually completely from an airtight, in particular rubber-elastic, membrane, wherein connections to the power plant having at least one inlet and outlet valve are present and the connections, if necessary, in addition to the laterally supporting baffles also a certain Hold function can take over.
  • the membrane can be attached airtight to the bottom and back of the scoop and thus form the pumping chamber with its wall, whereby a system or support against the baffles is also possible in the lateral direction.
  • the baffles can project in a longitudinal cross-section or profile of the wave power plant forward and / or upward, ie in the expected main direction of attack of the waves for lateral Stabili ⁇ tion of the pumping chamber over the contour in the filled state, possibly even partially .
  • the fluid circulation unit has a fan which is to be connected to the environment by means of, for example, a pneumatic valve and via which for selectively blowing air from the environment or for blowing air into the environment from the otherwise closed Fluid circulation unit is used.
  • the blower can be arranged, for example, in the return flow chamber, and also the injection or blowing out of air can preferably take place into or out of the return flow chamber.
  • the fan makes it possible to adjust the air pressure and the circulating air volume in the system according to wave, ie operating conditions, so that to achieve a favorable mode of operation each wave cycle can almost completely displace the air from the pumping chamber. Thus, for example, with a change in the swell and resulting partial load, the amount of air in the system can be reduced.
  • means for opening delay of the inlet valve are provided by the remindström- to Pumpkam ⁇ mer.
  • the inlet valve serving as a return flap does not initially open, which causes a pressure increase in the return flow chamber and thus a desired refraction of the energy peak.
  • the system automatically strives for a smoothing of the energy curve.
  • the funds are fitted so that the inlet valve does not open automatically from the return flow chamber to the pumping chamber during the short pumping process when the pump chamber is emptied, but only when the shaft drains off due to the overpressure formed in the return flow chamber.
  • An additional smoothing of the energy curve is also possible with a control system provided at the turbine inlet.
  • a largely uniform operation would also be achievable.
  • the energy preferably generated by the power generated in the power plant with a driven fan can be part of a power control by means of which the efficiency of the power plant can be optimized as a function of the respective operating conditions.
  • the fluid circulation unit can have one or more, preferably automatically and / or pneumatically operable, closure flaps for the temporary interruption of the fluid circulation as a safety system, whereby such closure flaps are preferably provided in the region of inlet and / or outlet valves and / or in the inlet region of the turbine.
  • closure flaps which are formed, for example, from steel, can be closed, for example, in the event of a sudden, extremely strong westerly passage for protection against damage to the wave power plant.
  • said steel flaps are comparatively sluggish, so that they are preferably opened and closed again in addition to the inlet and outlet valves which are opened and closed during normal operation for the desired fluid circulation in the cycle of the waves.
  • the closure flaps themselves as said inlet and outlet valves, which automatically open and close during normal operation in the cycle of the waves and which are to be closed under extreme conditions until their decay.
  • the inlet and outlet valves can react more quickly and more flexibly than the aforementioned steel flaps, it is possible for the inlet and outlet valves to each have a perforated plate-like flow region and a membrane which loosely engages in the valve blocking direction , preferably a rubber curtain.
  • separate closure flaps can then be arranged in the region of the inlet and / or outlet valves and / or in the inlet region of the turbine.
  • a further measure improving the safety may be that a water-detecting sensor is arranged in the lower region of the pumping chamber which, depending on the sensor signal, triggers, for example, an optical and / or acoustic signal and / or in conjunction with suitable sensors Control and Antriebsmit ⁇ means (eg.
  • the VerInstitutklap ⁇ pen closes.
  • a preferably radio-remote-controlled control can be provided which, depending on its input signal, such as a radio input signal transmitted from the mainland, blows out air from the circulating fluid unit by means of the described blower and / or the safety device Closing said closure flaps and / or causes the at least partially flooding of the pressure chamber. Lowering the system overpressure reduces the attack surface and thus preferably diverts the waves through the system.
  • the pressure chamber may have suitable bulkheads to prevent sloshing of the ballast water, and pumps or the like may be provided for later draining of the ballast water.
  • the power plant may also have, for example, maintenance work to be undertaken on site at the technical equipment in the interior (for example, from a boat) via a watertight lock in the upper part of its structure.
  • the power ttechnik has a Tidenaus Sammlungs adopted with at least one guide roller, which is against a force, in particular against the force of a Hydraulikikele ⁇ element, such as a hydraulic piston, lowered relative to the power plant and the one of can be anchored at both ends, in particular anchored on Meeres ⁇ reason, tether, chain or the like is at least partially entwined.
  • the force exerted by the tide compensation device on the deflection roller (for example the pressure acting in a hydraulic cylinder) can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art so that a floating of the system on the water surface is prevented, ie a desired draft is maintained.
  • the force / pressure becomes lower due to lowering of the deflecting roller due to rising tides or decreasing tides due to a reversed displacement of the deflecting roller
  • readjustment to the predetermined value of the force or pressure can take place by means of a control or regulation the tide balancing device to maintain the desired draft. Even a large tide of, for example, about 10 meters could be compensated so easily.
  • An adaptation or adjustment of the tide compensation device is also preferred, so that the readjustment takes place with an appropriate delay.
  • the side of the shaft power plant provided with the pumping chamber should be able to submerge when a shaft comes up (for example up to 1 Meter depth), without such a rhythmic movement triggering a readjustment in response.
  • a device which is constructed as described above, according to a preferred development also serve to align the Wel ⁇ power station relative to the wavefront.
  • the tide compensation device has at least one deflecting wheel, which is coupled to a preferably hydraulic rotary drive and is at least partially looped around by the tether or the holding chain, and preferably each such Ein ⁇ on both sides of the power plant direction is provided.
  • a rotation and thus alignment of the entire power plant is possible in that only the adjusting wheel on one of the two sides of the power plant by means of its drive with entrainment of the tether or the holding chain adjusted by a certain angle or the adjusting wheels on both sides differently, for example.
  • a tide equalizer which has at least one articulated arm which can be fixed at one end to the power plant and can be fastened to the anchoring on the other end, in particular on an anchoring held on a seabed or bank.
  • Such a simple tide balancing device can be advantageous if the risk of floating of the power plant does not exist or is to be avoided by other means (eg, constructive or by the possibility of flooding).
  • An expedient development of such a tide compensation device can consist in that it has two articulated arms, one end of which is pivotally connected to one another at a peripheral center region of the marine wave power plant and of which the other end is articulated to one each of two, in particular on the seabed fixed anchoring can be fastened.
  • it is preferred that arranged on the power plant on both sides of the connection of the articulated arms depending on a pulley is that both pulleys are circulated jointly by a tether fastened with one end to each ei ⁇ ner basic anchoring tether or a retaining chain and that at least one of the deflection rollers with a rotary drive, in particular with a hydraulic and / or remote-controlled rotary drive is provided.
  • the power plant has a buoyant outer housing, which has at least one cylinder chamber, preferably two cylinder chambers connected in parallel with each other, wherein the blade-like shell for the pump chamber either hinged or rigidly to one of the cylinder chambers is attached that extends a line connecting the blade side edges parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder chambers.
  • the cylinder chambers have an at least substantially cylindrical shape, according to which stiffeners can be dispensed with even if the high and varying internal pressure on the cylinder jacket is to be expected, and either non-arched or curved bottoms can be used as end faces. Such a shape offers except for high internal pressures and high external load, for example. By so-called.
  • Giant waves high resistance.
  • An additional advantage is that such tubular structures are inexpensive to produce and, by dispensing with stiffeners, have a low weight. This means that a particularly high and hence favorable ratio of power to be generated per weight unit or relative to the weight of the power plant can be achieved.
  • the pressure chamber is located in the first, the pump chamber adjacent cylinder chamber and that the turbine is in the second cylinder chamber, in particular the diameter ratio of the first to the second cylinder chamber is greater than the value 1 and more preferably is about 1.5.
  • the marine wave power plant according to the invention can be equipped with a tide compensation device, which at least two, preferably axially spaced, at the Mees ⁇ reswellenkrafttechnik fixedly mounted pulleys, each a pulley by a rope, a chain or the like is circulated, wherein the rope or the chain can be fastened at one end to an anchoring lying in particular on the seabed and fastened to a respective weight at the other end and wherein the length of the rope or chain is dimensioned such that the weights are under tension hang the rope or chain in the water.
  • a tide compensation device which at least two, preferably axially spaced, at the Mees ⁇ reswellenkrafttechnik fixedly mounted pulleys, each a pulley by a rope, a chain or the like is circulated, wherein the rope or the chain can be fastened at one end to an anchoring lying in particular on the seabed and fastened to a respective weight at the other end and wherein the length of the rope or chain is dimensione
  • the dynamic movements of the system for example by the Ab ⁇ dive in the flood cycle or Heranêt a wave are compensated oh ⁇ ne delay. Also tide compensation no Steuer ⁇ effort is required because this compensation is automatic.
  • at least one of the deflection rollers of the tide compensation device is coupled to a blockable rotary drive, preferably to an electric or hydraulic rotary drive, and that on two in particular opposite sides of the power station, in particular on both opposite longitudinal sides (with respect to FIG the main attack direction of the waves), each tide compensation device is provided, so that (as explained above) by a rotational movement, an alignment of the entire system on the wavefront is possible.
  • tide compensation devices which are provided with a rotationally driven deflection roller or with an adjusting wheel serving for this purpose, it is even conceivable to provide a device for integrate automated alignment on the wavefront or make the Aus ⁇ direction from the mainland via remote control.
  • the volume of the pressure chamber is approximately equal to or slightly greater than the volume of the pump chamber in its filled state, in particular relative to the system length, ie to a reference length transverse to the expected wave main attack direction of movement.
  • the (related) pressure chamber volume can correspond to about 1.5 to 2 times the (related) pumping chamber volume.
  • the pressure chamber has the meaning of a storage chamber for the compressed air and thus for the energy extracted from the waves, which advantageously makes it possible for the wave energy acting on the pump chamber in a cyclic process to be converted in a continuous process for energy conversion, in particular for the production of electrical energy can be used.
  • the shaft flows away again after a very short time, compared to a system without a significant pressure chamber, it also results in a significantly higher energy yield.
  • the dimensioning of an advantageous volume of the pressure chamber can take place taking into account the volume of the pumping chamber, the assumed cadence of the working cycles, the technically possible or achievable pressure and finally the gas outflow during a work cycle.
  • the volume of the return flow chamber is approximately equal to or smaller than the volume of the pumping chamber in the filled state, in particular with respect to the system length, ie to a reference length transverse to the expected wave main attacking or movement direction.
  • a determination of the volume of the return flow chamber can be based on the gas flow through the turbine and on the space required for the mechanical equipment. To achieve the desired smoothing of the energy During a pumping cycle of, for example, 3 to 4 seconds, in which the return flap is closed, the pressure in the return flow chamber is quasi parallel to the pressure in the pressure chamber.
  • the blade-like shell has a rigid bottom with a front, substantially horizontal boundary region, which ge rounded merges into a rear, inclined or substantially vertical Beran ⁇ training area, and sidewalls with oblique, in particular diagonal, after leading to the waterline sloping edges, wherein the flexible wall, in particular the membrane, is fixed circumferentially close to the shell along the oblique edges of the side walls, a front attachment line of the lower boundary region and an upper attachment line of the rear boundary region.
  • the flexible membrane is adapted to be in the filled state at least in a region exposed in the transverse direction, ie transversely to the expected main direction of attack of the shaft, in the area exposed to the external force the pumping chamber at least in a longitudinal part region to the front, ie the expected wave attack assigning longitudinally deforming deformable sloping, in particular between its rear longitudinal end and the front longitudinal end with respect to a forward obliquely sloping Be ⁇ zugsline convex outwardly curved, extends and in the deflated state of the Pumping chamber in particular substantially concave and in particular insbe ⁇ special is supported over the entire surface of the bottom of the blade-like shell.
  • the said adaptation of the membrane can be in a suitable shape, in particular also in the case that it is provided with a tissue weave which is only slightly or inextensible.
  • the membrane course described for the filled state can then be set even at low internal pressure without elastic deformation of the membrane.
  • this counteracts the rolling wave as a sloping surface. Due to the dynamic forces of the shaft, the position of the diaphragm changes during the cycle from the obliquely rising to a substantially horizontal position.
  • two aspects of the energy generation thus come into play:
  • the shaft is decelerated by the obliquely running diaphragm during ongoing deformation, so that the dynamic forces of the shaft are used for the pumping process.
  • the water level increases, and now the second aspect of the energy utilization comes into play, namely the further displacement of the gas or of air from the pumping chamber by the weight of the water.
  • the power plant is arranged offshore, there may be some dipping of the entire system in this phase. This again has an advantageous effect on the total energy yield, since the water load on the membrane is increased during descent.
  • the membrane at the end of the cycle, rests completely on the blade-like shell, which may be made of steel, for example, whereby tensile forces on the attachment in the peripheral edge can be minimized.
  • the power plant proposed by the invention can be operated such that the direction of the pressure gradient between the pressure chamber and the return flow chamber does not reverse, so that a conventional turbine can be used.
  • a likewise advantageous embodiment may also be that at least one or more, preferably horizontal, outgoing from the return flow channels with at least one preferably preferentially perpendicular thereto inlet valve at the said rear Beran- tion area of the blade-like shell, preferably in a by about 15 degrees with respect to a vertical reference line backward inclined portion of the boundary, open. It is thereby achieved that the pumping chamber, when inflated by the air returning from the return flow chamber, fills up from the rising part of the blade-like shell and thus merges the rubber membrane into the convex state without crumpling. Due to the vertical valve arrangement, closing of the valve by gravity is enabled.
  • one or more, preferably horizontal channels opening into the pressure chamber and having outlet valves arranged therein may be arranged in the oblique boundary.
  • supports of the pumping chamber membrane for example in the form of wide-meshed screens, can be attached to the mentioned mouths of the oblique boundary. It has been found that such a junction at a correspondingly inclined boundary opposite a junction at a vertical boundary section brings advantages. From this point of view, it also proves to be advantageous if a rounded transition with a large radius (for example 3 to 4 meters) is provided between a front approximately horizontal and a rear inclined region of the blade wall Transition from the bottom to the side walls of the shell is rounded with a comparable radius. These measures have a particularly advantageous effect on the life of the membrane.
  • Fig. 1 in a longitudinal section the power plant according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment as a marine wave power plant, in a rest position;
  • Fig. 2 shows the wave power plant of Figure 1, in an operating position.
  • FIG. 3 shows the wave power plant according to FIGS. 1 and 2, in a further operating position
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 shows the wave power plant according to FIGS. 1 to 3, in a still further operating position
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal view of the power plant according to the invention in a second preferred embodiment as a marine wave power plant, in a rest position;
  • Fig. 6 shows the wave power plant of Figure 5, in an operating position.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a sectional view along section line VII - VII of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a sectional view along section line VIII - VIII according to FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along section line IX - IX of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along section line X - X of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view of a further preferred marine power plant according to the invention, in which a plurality of fluid circulation units are connected to one another;
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a marine power plant according to the invention in accordance with a further preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 13 is a cross section taken along line XIII - XIII of Fig. 12;
  • FIG. 14 schematically shows a longitudinal view of a marine power plant according to the invention in accordance with a further preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 16 is a plan view, as compared to FIG. 15, in the viewing direction XVI; FIG.
  • Fig. 17 is the embodiment shown in Fig. 16, in contrast, inclined orientation
  • FIG. 18 schematically shows a longitudinal section through an inventive marine power plant according to yet another preferred embodiment along the section line XVIII-XVIII according to FIG. 19;
  • FIG. 19 shows a section along the section line XIX-XIX according to FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 shows a section along the section line XX - XX according to FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 21 to 23 different operating states of the dargestell ⁇ th in Figures 18 to 20 power plant within a wave cycle;
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic longitudinal view of a marine power plant according to the invention in accordance with a still further preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 25 in perspective a preferred embodiment of the blade-like shell with pumping chamber in the filled state
  • FIG. 26 shows a view from the front in the viewing direction XXVI according to FIG. 25;
  • FIG. 27 is a rear elevational view of FIG. 26; FIG.
  • FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along section line XXVIII-XXVIII in FIG. 26; FIG.
  • FIG. 29 shows a sectional view along section plane XXIX-XXIX in FIG. 26;
  • Fig. 30 is a perspective view, but with emptied pumping chamber
  • FIG. 31 shows a representation comparable to FIG. 29, but with the pump chamber emptied.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a longitudinal section, the power plant according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment as a marine wave power plant 1, which longitudinal section indicates the essential components and the function.
  • the wave power plant 1 floats as a pontoon-like structure in the water 2, where a fragmentary coastal area of a sea is shown.
  • the wave power plant 1 serves to generate electric power by utilizing the energy of sea waves, which can be transported to the mainland, an island or the like, for example, by means of lines (not shown in the drawings).
  • the wave power plant 1 a turbine 3, which serves to drive a generator 4 generating electrical energy.
  • the turbine 3 is integrated into a fluid circulation unit, in which there is a fluid, in the selected example air, under the action of ocean waves in repetitive or continuous circulation for driving the turbine 3.
  • a fluid in the selected example air
  • the air ie, the working fluid for driving the turbine
  • shields from the water 2, so that a closed circulation of the working fluid is realized.
  • a component of the fluid circulation unit is a pumping chamber 5, the chamber volume of which is flexible for receiving the air in a time-variable amount. The flexibility is based on the fact that the pumping chamber 5 is bounded by a flexible walling 6, which faces the expected direction of attack of sea waves - as seen from the right in FIG. 1.
  • the flexible wall 6 is a membrane made of rubber-elastic material, which is circumferentially airtight connected to a otherwise rigid boundary.
  • outgoing from the rigid boundaries 7, 8, extending as sidewalls cheeks with diagonal to the waterline edges are provided.
  • the flexible wall 6 is circumferentially fastened tightly to these upper diagonal side edges, as well as to the front edge of the rigid edge 7 running perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 and to a housing edge connecting the upper ends of the diagonal side edges, so that in FIG shown cross-section beyond the diagonal addition of a virtually semi-elastic deformable air cushion arises.
  • the rubber membrane acts as a separation between air (working fluid) and water.
  • the pumping chamber can also essentially be surrounded by the membrane in the manner of an airbag, and the membrane can be fastened to the edges 7, 8 at the bottom and at the back, for example.
  • the pumping chamber 5 is connected by means of an outlet valve 9 with a likewise of working fluid, ie in the example of air, filled pressure chamber 10 in connection.
  • the exhaust valve 9 shown only schematically serves merely to discharge air from the pumping chamber 5 into the pressure chamber 10 and automatically opens it from a closed position into a corresponding open position when the pressure in the pumping chamber 5 reaches far enough due to a sea wave impinging thereon - increases, that there the pressure of the pressure chamber 10 is exceeded.
  • the Aus ⁇ lassventil 9 is such that at reverse pressure conditions, ie when the pressure in the pressure chamber 10 is greater than the pressure in the Pump ⁇ chamber 5, no air from the pressure chamber 10 in the pumping chamber 5 can strö ⁇ men.
  • the chamber volume of the pumping chamber 5 can be changed by flexible discharge 6 by the action of ocean waves with displacement of air from the pumping chamber 5 through the outlet valve 9 into the pressure chamber 10 ,
  • the pressure chamber 10 is connected to the fluid inlet of the turbine 3, while the fluid outlet of the turbine 3 is in communication with a return flow chamber 11, which at the same time serves to set up the generator 4 in the example shown.
  • the return flow chamber 11 in turn is connected by means of an inlet valve 12 with the pumping chamber 5 in connection.
  • the inlet valve 12 serves to introduce air from the return flow chamber 11 into the pump chamber 5. It opens automatically when the pressure in the backflow chamber 11 exceeds the pressure of the pumping chamber 5 and closes automatically when this condition is ended.
  • reverse Druckmaschine ⁇ sen ie when the pressure in the pumping chamber 5 exceeds the pressure in the gearström ⁇ chamber 11, according to the embodiment of the intake valve 12 as an automatic check valve, an air flow from the pumping chamber 5 in the Return flow chamber 11 prevents.
  • the illustration in FIG. 1 shows a rest position in which the system is located, for example, shortly after startup or without the action of waves.
  • the system was inflated, so to speak, so that the air space under the flexible wall 6, ie membrane, has also been filled.
  • the air space under the flexible wall 6, ie membrane In order to fill the chamber volume under the membrane bulging, only a slight excess pressure is required, which, for example, lies in the value range of approximately two to three milli ⁇ bars, but on the other hand can also deviate therefrom. Since the fluid circulating unit described is completed, there is a circulation always the same air instead. Therefore, only a loss of air due to possible leakage has to be compensated, for which purpose the wave power plant shown in FIG. 1 is known per se to a person skilled in the art, and therefore has devices which are not shown in the figures.
  • the shaft power plant 1 is independently floatable in that the pressure chamber 10 filled with the working fluid, ie with air, and the return flow chamber 11 cause sufficient buoyancy as a floating chamber.
  • the pressure chamber 10 continues to taper below the pumping chamber 5, so that there is sufficient buoyancy even when the pressure chamber 5 is empty (compare FIG.
  • the portion of the pressure chamber 10 which engages under the pumping chamber 5 can be dimensioned so that when the air escapes from the pumping chamber 5 into the pressure chamber 10, it flows to a defined extent to a defined drop in the pumping chamber 5 when the air flows out of the pumping chamber 5 , That is, to a certain inclination of Wellenkraft ⁇ plant 1 comes, whereby the attack surface of the pumping chamber 5 for the further attack of the shaft can be increased.
  • the preferred embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 has anchoring means 13 to anchor the Wave power plant 1 on the ground 14 on.
  • the pontoon is closed at the top by a roof section and the space formed is divided by an intermediate wall 18 in the pressure chamber 10 and the return flow chamber 11 (circulating air space).
  • the pumping chamber 5 is formed by a membrane of rubber-elastic material connected airtight to the pontoon.
  • Her pillow-shaped air space in the filled state is connected to the two chambers in the pontoon by the two flaps or valves 9, 12.
  • the turbine 3 is installed, which drives the generator 4 via a reduction gear 19.
  • the air volume in the pumping chamber about fifteen to Jardinund ⁇ twenty, preferably about nineteen cubic meters, while based on the same system length, the air volume in the pressure chamber altogether slightly larger is, for example, in the range of twenty to thirty and preferably about twenty-five cubic meters.
  • the total length of the system within the plane of the drawing of Figure 1 may be about fifteen to twenty, preferably about seventeen meters, wherein the pumping chamber 5 may extend over about half of this length and the Height of the wave power plant 1 preferably measures about a quarter of this Automatlän ⁇ ge.
  • ratios and volumes may also exist.
  • a rolling shaft 20 (cf., FIG. 2) rolls over the air bubble enclosed under the flexible wall 6 or rubber membrane, whereby air is displaced from the pumping chamber 5 while reducing the chamber volume and via the large-area outlet valve 9 (alternatively, several be provided such valves) enters the pressure chamber 10.
  • the resistance to the anbrau ⁇ send wave increases progressively, the more the pressure in the pressure chamber 10 increases.
  • the shaft 20 has depleted its energy when all the air has been displaced into the pressure chamber 10. This process often takes only a few seconds or fractions thereof.
  • a pressure of, for example, about one hundred to three hundred millibars can build up in the pressure chamber 10 (depending on the configuration and conditions of use, deviating pressures are also possible).
  • the automatic discharge valve 9 prevents a backflow of the air, ie, it can only flow back from the pressure chamber 10 through the turbine 3 into the return flow chamber 11 serving to relieve it and via the inlet valve 12 into the air space of the pumping chamber 5. Ideally, this cycle is completed until the next wave 20 approaches, with further waves correspondingly causing further cycles or circulations of the air. There is always the same air in circulation, which is alternately compressed and relaxed.
  • the preferred embodiment of the wave power plant 2 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 has only one single circulating unit explained above. For the most even operation, the turbine 3 is equipped with an adjustable tail unit 17, whereby the turbine power can be adjusted to the cadence of the shafts 20.
  • FIG. 2 with regard to an air cycle or circulation, an operating state is shown in which the pressure in the pumping chamber 5 is greater than the pressure in the pressure chamber 10, so that the outlet valve 9 for the passage of air in it through the arrow indicated passage direction is in the open position.
  • the pressure in the pumping chamber 5 is greater than in the return flow chamber 11, so that the inlet valve 12 is held in its closed position against a stop. Due to the large-area design, the outlet valve 9 (as well as the inlet valve 12) has only a small flow resistance, so that the air from the pumping chamber 5 can easily be displaced by the shaft 20.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further operating state in which the shaft 20 has already pressed further on the pumping chamber 5, the valve positions remaining the same as those in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a still further operating state in which practically all the air has been displaced from the pumping chamber 5 into the pressure chamber 11 and the shaft 20 has decayed.
  • the pressure in the pressure chamber 11 is now greater than that in the pumping chamber 5, for which reason the outlet valve 9 is held in its closed position against a stop.
  • the inlet valve 12 is in its open position, so that air in its indicated by the arrow passage direction from the return flow chamber 11 can flow back into the pumping chamber 5.
  • FIGS. 5 to 10 show a second preferred embodiment of the marine wave power plant 1 according to the invention. Identical reference numbers are given for components which correspond in their function to the components of the power plant shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the mode of operation of the wave power plant 1 according to FIGS. 5 to 10 also corresponds in principle to the function of the power plant described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, ie here too the energy contained in the swell is used indirectly for displacing and compressing air as a working fluid. used by a turbine 3 with generator 4 connected therein for generating electrical energy.
  • a pontoon-like housing 21 has two housing tubes 22, which are octagonal in cross-section in the example, and may, for example, be welded constructions. Compared to a quadrangular shape, for example, a greater stability is achieved by the octagonal cross-section, in particular with regard to the internal pressure which occurs (for example in the order of magnitude of approximately four hundred millibars). It would also be conceivable to design the housing tubes 22 instead of an octagonal cross-section, for example, with a round cross-section.
  • Zwi ⁇ tween the housing tubes 22 is a quadrangular cross-section, here especially square intermediate housing part 23 is arranged. This adjoins the upper side to an overflow channel 24, the cross section of which widens upward trapezoidal, conforming to the octagonal contour of the housing tubes 22, so that a straight roof line 25 results.
  • the internal structure of the housing 21 with the particular chambering of the pressure chamber 10 and backflow chamber 11 will be described below. 5, 6 show a simplified representation in longitudinal view of two different operating states
  • FIGS. 7, 8 represent - in a symbolic representation - two sections running according to FIGS. 5 and 6 at different heights through the power plant 1
  • FIGS. 9, 10 show longitudinal sections through the system in the case of a different cutting guide according to FIGS. 8.
  • FIG. 8 show a simplified representation in longitudinal view of two different operating states
  • FIGS. 7, 8 represent - in a symbolic representation - two sections running according to FIGS. 5 and 6 at different heights through the power plant
  • FIGS. 9, 10 show
  • FIG. 7 shows that the pumping chamber 5 is in the selected example by means of four outlet valves 9 (symbolic representation as non-return valves) to the outlet of Häfizid, in the selected example air, in communication with a pressure chamber 10.
  • This extends, as illustrated within the housing 21 through the open apertures 26 and the reference numeral 10, in this sectional plane through both housing tubes 22 and by lying between edge regions of the intermediate housing part 23.
  • the annular space formed in this way the pressure chamber 10 encloses with its inner wall 27th a lower portion of the return flow chamber 11, in which the turbine 3 and the generator 4 (in ⁇ tegrale, symbolic representation) are located.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 are shown by way of example only as an example in a physically simplified manner as a rotary flap with a one-sided stop.
  • the respective possible open position is in a solid line, the shutter position is shown in dashed lines.
  • FIGS. 7 and 9 also show a rest position with respect to the contour and position of the pumping chamber 5, but in FIGS. 7 and 9 are indicated by arrows and the opened one Exhaust valve 9 a possible upon impact of a wave air movement is illustrated.
  • the pumping chamber 5 is enclosed by a rigid blade-like shell 36 together with a flexible wall 6 of a rubber-elastic membrane connected airtight therewith.
  • the shell 36 has laterally stabilizing cheeks 37 (in FIG. 6 the view penetrates the front cheek 37 in a simplified manner). These fall starting from a rear wall 38 along a straight top edge 39 obliquely forward, that is opposite to the main attack direction of sea waves, from.
  • the cheeks 37 are provided at their upper edge 39, each with a (not shown) flange to which the flexible wall (membrane) is sealingly attached.
  • the membrane is transversely, ie perpendicular to the plane, extending at the upper edge region of the rear wall 38 (ie the rear rigid boundary 7) and along the front, ie the waves facing edge of Schaufelbo ⁇ dens (horizontal rigid boundary 8) gas-tight ,
  • legs 40 are attached to the rear wall 38 on both sides for receiving hinges 41, the second articulated arm of which form on the housing 21 legs 42.
  • the pumping chamber 5 is articulated to the vorgenann ⁇ th main part of the wave power plant 1, wherein on the Ge housing 21 stops 43, preferably made of damping material to limit the relative pivotal movement of the pumping chamber 5 are seen around the hinge 41 vorge ⁇ .
  • FIG. 5 shows the wave power plant 1 in a rest position, in which the inflated pumping chamber 5 is self-buoyant and lies in a practically straight extension of the main part.
  • FIG. 6 shows an operating state in which a shaft 20 presses the already partially emptied pumping chamber 5 obliquely downwards against the stop 43 about the articulation axis, whereby the attack resistance of the shaft 20 is increased even further.
  • FIGS. 5 to 10 show no anchoring means and no ducts for removing generated energy, but these can be provided as needed (cf. FIGS. 1 to 4).
  • the length of the main part enclosed by the housing 21 is about 11 meters and the length of the pumping chamber is about 8 meters, the pumping chamber having a height of about 5 meters at a Wasser ⁇ penetration depth (at rest) of about 0.5 meters may have.
  • the amount of air displaced from the pumping chamber 5 per working cycle can be, for example, approximately 200 cubic meters, based on an element of 10 meters in length in the direction of the plane of the drawing of FIG. 5.
  • the pressure chamber based on the same system length, has a total volume of approximately 300 cubic meters, so that a maximum overpressure of approximately 400 millibars is to be expected therein.
  • a pressure chamber 10 connected as described it is also possible, for example, for two separate pressure chambers can be provided practically in parallel between the pumping chamber 5 and the turbine 3.
  • the bellows 44 may preferably have a diameter of about one meter.
  • the described wave power plant 1 also considerable deviations from the above value specifications can be realized.
  • FIG. 11 shows, in a plan view, merely schematically a further preferred embodiment of a marine wave power plant 1 according to the invention.
  • five of the systems or fluid circulating units described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10 are connected laterally to form an overall system.
  • the passages 34, 35 are each open, so that the respective remindström ⁇ chambers 11 with each other and the respective pressure chambers 10 undereinan ⁇ for mutual exchange of air in combination.
  • each of the five units has a turbine 3 with generator 4, although this is not absolutely necessary due to the possible air exchange between the units.
  • the valves 9, 12 are not simplified in FIG. 11.
  • the width per unit is ten meters, this results in a total width of the wave power plant of fifty meters, on which, based on suitable waves, an energy production of about 500 kilowatts can be expected.
  • the part with the pressure vessels and the return flow chamber is a continuous stable unit.
  • the chambers can be completely open in the longitudinal direction.
  • a pump unit provides 100 kilowatts of power
  • a five pump unit system could preferably be equipped with a 500 kilowatt turbine. If between the printing Chambers is provided at least one compensation channel, this could be spielmik in the middle and therefore feed a likewise centrally located turbine.
  • the use of more than one turbine in a combined system could, however, be considered, for example, if, for example, two smaller, quasi-normalized units were cheaper than one large unit.
  • On the main body of the aforementioned continuous, stabi ⁇ len unit can be attached to the shaft side, the movable pumping units. Since, ideally, the waves impinge somewhat offset on the pump units, er ⁇ there is a largely continuous air flow, especially in connection with the large common air storage volume in the pressure chambers.
  • FIG. 12 shows schematically in a longitudinal section an inventive power plant 1 according to a further preferred embodiment.
  • the wave power plant 1 floating in the water 2 has a turbine 3, a generator 4 serving for generating electricity, a pumping chamber 5 with a flexible wall 6 in a blade-like shell 36, a pressure chamber 10, a backflow chamber 11, four outlet valves 9 for the outlet of air from the pump chamber 5 into the pressure chamber 10 and an inlet valve 12 (hidden in FIG. 12) for the inlet of air from the return flow chamber 11 into the pumping chamber 5, wherein the basic mode of operation of the fluid circulation unit (FIG.
  • FIGS. 14 to 24 reference is made to the preceding description.
  • the blade-like shell 36 is fastened rigidly to the housing 21 accommodating the remaining components on both sides by means of a rib 46 (visible in section only the rearward rib 46) is. This means that there is no flexibility in this embodiment between the pumping chamber 5 and the housing 21.
  • the pressure chamber 10 does not extend below the pumping chamber 5 and the lower edge of the pumping chamber 5 is not above, but in the chosen example approximately 40 cm below the water line.
  • guide walls 47 are provided as lateral components of the shell 36 or blade, which limit the blade 36 laterally to the cheeks 37 described with respect to FIGS. 5 to 10, but in so doing, as in the longitudinal section of FIG In the viewing direction, the rear baffle 47 is shown protruding beyond the contour of the inflated pumping chamber 5 in the front, upper region, ie in the region of the preferred wave attack.
  • the flexible wall 6 peripherally circumferentially airtight with the front edge of the bottom 48, connected to the upper edge of the rear wall 49 and intermediate with the guide walls 47 along the diagonally extending connecting lines 74, wherein 50 the position of the flexible membrane at filled pump chamber and with 50 'the position after the displacement of the air is designated.
  • the reference numeral 51 indicates that the pressure chamber 10 can flood through the means not shown in the drawing and familiar to a person skilled in the art up to the indicated height in order to power the power plant, for example in the case of a severe weather Level at which there is less risk of damage to be able to lower.
  • a fan 52 is mounted for selectively blowing air from the environment in the return flow chamber or blowing air from the return flow into the environment.
  • a line 53 between the blower 52 and the environment by means of a rotary valve 54 can be selectively opened or closed.
  • the power generated by the generator 4 can be used.
  • the dimensions or cross sections are exemplary, ie not necessary, chosen such that, with respect to 10 meters system length, ie length perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 12, the backflow chamber has a volume of about 150 m 3 , the pumping chamber inflated a volume of about 200 m 3 and the pressure chamber has a content of about 350 m 3 .
  • the pumping chamber is only slightly larger than the return flow chamber, the pressure chamber, however, in contrast, each about twice as large, with larger sizes of the said sizes and proportions are quite possible.
  • FIG. 14 shows, in a schematic longitudinal view, a shaft power plant 1 according to the invention in accordance with a further preferred embodiment, which in FIG its internal structure and the function of the described with reference to Figures 12 and 13 design.
  • the peculiarity lies in the fact that the power plant is equipped with a tide compensation device 55 for anchoring to the ground 14 and for balancing the tides, ie for maintaining the water penetration depth.
  • This has a outside of the housing 21 laterally obliquely attached to the waterline hydraulic cylinder 56 with piston 57 guided therein, at the end of a guide roller 58 is rotatably supported.
  • Be ⁇ neighbor are approximately in an imaginary extension of the cylinder axis on the Ge housing 21 outwardly fixed in each case with a rotary drive (not shown) connected pulley, which is also referred to here as Verstellrad 59, and another deflection roller 60 attached.
  • a rotary drive not shown
  • the piston 57 is pressurized in such a way that the piston tries to drive into the cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 56 is constantly beauf ⁇ beat with such a predetermined hydraulic pressure that the power plant is hindered in the resulting equilibrium of the forces floating on the water surface, that is with a desired draft in the water.
  • the adjusting wheel 59 has a surface with a high coefficient of friction, so that its motor rotation leads to entrainment of the cable 15 and thereby to a changed aspect ratio of the cables 59 and 60 tensioned between the guide rollers 59 and the underground 14.
  • FIGs 15 to 17 show schematically a power plant 1 according to the invention according to yet another preferred embodiment.
  • the internal structure and the function of this wave power station 1 are consistent with the variant described for Figure 12.
  • a special feature is that a Ti ⁇ denausmaschines worn (again referred to by reference numeral 55) seen vorge, which has two articulated arms 61, each having one end gelen ⁇ kig at the remote from the pumping chamber 5 end of the housing 21 and the other End articulated to each one on the ground 14 near the shore fixed anchorage 62 is attached.
  • the hinge arms 61 are laterally connected centrally to the back of the housing 21 such that the housing 21 is rotatable about the formed common hinge point. It is also envisaged that on both sides of the joint connection point, in the example at the lateral edges of the housing rear wall, depending on a pulley 63 is ange ⁇ arranged.
  • Both deflection rollers 63 are circulated by a tether 15, which is fastened with one end in the region of one of the two anchors 62 to the articulated arms 61.
  • One of the two deflection rollers 63 is provided with a rotary drive and has a high coefficient of friction, so that a rotation also causes the entrainment of the tether 15 and thereby a rotation of the power plant relative to the anchors 62 (see Figures 16 and 17).
  • the tide balancing device 55 described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 17 has a simple construction, but it adapts the level of the power plant 1 without any special measures of the tide.
  • the power plant 1 is closed to the environment and thus offers great security even in stormy conditions. Also, extreme waves can roll over it without causing any damage.
  • the articulated arms 61 can also serve as access bar for maintenance work, in which connection with the reference numeral 73 symbolically an access shaft with lock is designated.
  • FIGS. 18 to 23 schematically show a marine power plant 1 according to the invention in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, wherein the construction and the function of the fluid circulation unit in turn correspond in principle to the structure and function of the variants described above.
  • the power plant 1 has a buoyant outer housing 21, which consists of a first, with the schaufelar ⁇ term shell 36 of the pumping chamber 5 rigidly connected cylinder chamber 64 which receives the pressure chamber 10, and a second, comparatively smaller and attached to the chamber 64 cylinder chamber 65 is formed.
  • the chamber 65 receives the turbine 3 and the generator 4 in the return flow chamber 11, whereby the channel 31 closed at the circumference through the cylinder chamber 64 extends as an extension of the return flow chamber 11 to an inlet valve 12 (hidden in FIG pumping chamber (and opposite reverse direction) leads.
  • the outlet valve 9 whose direction of passage from the pumping chamber 5 into the pressure chamber 10 points (in reverse locking direction), in the embodiment shown as pneumatically actuated Closure flap 66 is formed as required for interruption of the air circulation.
  • An automatic device may be adapted to open and close the outlet valve 9 (and optionally also pneumatically actuated inlet valves 12) following the shaft cycle so that the desired rhythm for energy generation results and no further valves necessary.
  • the outlet valve 9 and optionally also pneumatically actuated inlet valves 12
  • the said automatic is then adapted only in the sense of a safety device, all shutters in an emergency, eg. if the water is in the water, close it by yourself.
  • an automatic closing flap 66 with actuating means (pneumatic cylinder) fulfilling this safety function is also shown in front of the inlet to the turbine 3 which opens in the upper region of the pressure chamber 10.
  • reference numeral 51 designates a level up to which, for example, flooding is possible in the case of a storm to reduce the power plant.
  • the unit shown in FIG. 18 has a lock chamber 67 with a lock inlet 68 into the backflow chamber 11.
  • the reference numeral 69 designates a mounting opening for the installation of turbine 3 and generator 4.
  • 70 designates an entry sluice with passage into the pressure chamber 10.
  • the various chambers can be exemplified, for example, in FIG assume said volume and / or their ratios.
  • the maximum flooding level, marked 51 can be used for example. As a weight of about 200 tons of water.
  • additional concrete ballast of, for example, about 40 to 50 tons of weight (again based on 10 meters of system length) may additionally be accommodated in the interspaces between the cylinder chambers 64, 65 and between the cylinder chamber 64 and the blade 36 ,
  • volume of the pumping chamber per meter system length (ie per meter extension perpendicular to the plane of Figure 18) 20 m 3
  • volume of the pressure chamber per meter system length 35 m 3
  • Vo ⁇ lumen of the return flow chamber per meter system length 15 m 3 or preferably about 50 to 60% of the related pressure chamber volume.
  • FIGS. 21 to 23 show various successive states of a flooding cycle in which a shaft compresses the pumping chamber 5 of the particularly light and economic marine wave power plant 1 described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 20.
  • FIG. 21 shows the beginning
  • FIG. 22 shows the further course
  • FIG. 23 shows the end of the compression of the pumping chamber 5, wherein initially the anchoring of the power plant 1 is not shown.
  • the dynamic energy is first removed from the shaft in a braking operation.
  • the swelling of the shaft causes a brief increase in the water level, and the large weight of the water masses forces the air out of the pumping chamber 5, so that the utilization of dynamic energy and weight energy results in an overall very high energy yield, compared to a Aus ⁇ use only one of the energy components.
  • FIG. 23 shows the final phase in which the braking of the dynamic forces has led to a build-up of the water masses and their weight already practically completes the air. constantly pressed from the pumping chamber 5.
  • the blade-like shell 36 shown in which the deformable (in particular elastic) membrane in the inflated state projects counter to the rolling shaft at an angle.
  • the membrane is then, as also shown, for the most part horizontally or essentially over the entire surface of the shell 36 made of steel, for example. A membrane that would not be supported in this position would not be able to withstand the forces acting on it.
  • the power plant can be placed not only on the coast, but also offshore, so that opens up a large field of application.
  • FIG. 24 shows, in a schematic longitudinal view, the marine wave power plant 1 already described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 23 in accordance with a preferred further development. Accordingly, each one also serves for anchoring to the bottom tide compensation device 55 is provided on the two longitudinal sides, each having two spaced axially parallel to the housing 21 fixedly mounted deflection rollers 71, TV.
  • the pulleys 71, 71 ' are each of a rope 15, 15' rotate, wherein the respective cable 15, 15 'at one end to the substrate 14 and at the other end to a respective weight 72, 72' is attached and the Length of the cables 15, 15 'is dimensioned such that the weights 72, 72' hang in the water 2 and keep the cables 15, 15 'under tension.
  • the deflection roller 71 in the example is a freewheeling deflection wheel that allows compensation of the tides and shaft alignment.
  • the deflection roller 71 ' is coupled to a blocking drive (for example, hydraulically or electrically) and can be driven by unilateral or asymmetrical rotation on both longitudinal sides. to align the system with the wavefront.
  • a blocking drive for example, hydraulically or electrically
  • the deflection rollers 71, 71' can also be sprockets.
  • the weights 72, 72 ' can be suspended either in a single pull or, for example, with a double weight and a pulley.
  • FIG. 25 shows in perspective a preferred embodiment of a blade-like shell 36 with a flexible wall 6 connected airtightly therewith to form a pumping chamber 5, the unit shown being suitably connected to the other components of the power plant according to the invention, as exemplified with reference to the preceding FIGS Figures have been described, can be attached.
  • the blade-like shell 36 has a rigid bottom 76 with a horizontal boundary region 77 which, as shown in the sectional view in FIG. 29, merges over a radius R into a rear, inclined boundary region 78.
  • the boundary regions 77, 78 and the intervening radii region represent partial regions of the bottom 76 in this respect.
  • the bulging base 76 is adjoined on both sides by sidewalls 79.
  • Befest Trentsmit ⁇ means (for example, welded joints) be formed and serve by means of a with a Window cut 83 provided frame plate 84 the free edge of the membrane 6 sealing against the substructure to press.
  • the front longitudinal part region is exposed to the transverse longitudinal direction Q in a middle direction Q, which is exposed for an external force Pump ⁇ chamber pressure deformable sloping, especially with respect to a reference line parallel to the edges 80 curved convexly outwards runs.
  • the corresponding course shown in Figure 29 is referred to as curved in the context of the invention, despite its straight edge regions.
  • the membrane 6 extends concavely in the deflated state of the pumping chamber shown in FIG. 31 in a sectional view, the membrane 6 being supported virtually on the floor 76 over its entire area.
  • cheeks 86 are mounted on both longitudinal sides for stabilization on the blade-like shell, the upper edge 87 of which projects beyond the pump chamber even when filled (see FIG.
  • the dimensioning of the pumping chamber 5 shown can be chosen so that it has per meter meter length or depth, ie per meter in the transverse direction Q / about 20 m 3 content.
  • the pumping chamber 5 has a facing the power plant on its rear side centrally located mouth 12 'for a channel with inlet valve and the edge arranged outlets 9 1 for channels with exhaust valves.
  • These orifices are arranged in the region of the rear edge region 78 of the blade-like shell 36.
  • the rounded transition of the bottom 76 between sections 77 and 78 has a radius of about 4 meters.
  • the blade-like shell 36 is somewhat flatter and somewhat elongated compared to the embodiments described with reference to the preceding figures.
  • the transition of the Floor 76 to the side walls 79 is rounded, wherein the radius here spielvati 3 meters can be.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrale électrique (1) comprenant au moins une turbine (3) destinée à être actionnée par un fluide et au moins un générateur (4) destiné à être entraîné par ladite turbine (3). Selon l'invention, cette centrale électrique (1) comprend au moins une unité de recyclage du fluide qui comporte une chambre de pompage (5), le volume de cette chambre de pompage (5) pouvant être modifié, grâce à une paroi flexible (5), sous l'effet des vagues de sorte que le fluide soit refoulé de la chambre de pompage (5), au moins une chambre de pression (10) reliée à la chambre de pompage (5) au moyen d'au moins une soupape de sortie (9) par laquelle le fluide peut sortir de la chambre de pompage (5), cette chambre de pression étant reliée à l'entrée de la turbine (3), ainsi qu'au moins une chambre de reflux (11) qui est reliée à la sortie de la turbine (3) et qui est par ailleurs reliée à la chambre de pompage (5) au moyen d'une soupape d'admission (12) par laquelle le fluide peut entrer dans la chambre de pompage (5).
PCT/EP2005/055606 2004-10-30 2005-10-27 Centrale houlomotrice WO2006048404A1 (fr)

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CA002584913A CA2584913A1 (fr) 2004-10-30 2005-10-27 Centrale houlomotrice

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE102004052752 2004-10-30
DE102004052752.0 2004-10-30
DE102005019738A DE102005019738A1 (de) 2004-10-30 2005-04-28 Kraftwerk, insbesondere Meereswellenkraftwerk
DE102005019738.8 2005-04-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006048404A1 true WO2006048404A1 (fr) 2006-05-11

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CA (1) CA2584913A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005019738A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006048404A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009138740A2 (fr) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Donald Milne Turner Diaphragme en forme de s et dispositif de conversion d'énergie
JP2014020360A (ja) * 2012-07-17 2014-02-03 Hiromitsu Tejima 波打ち発電ウエーブパワー
CN108107174A (zh) * 2018-04-08 2018-06-01 郑州东之诺科技有限公司 一种基于水力发电技术的环境治理用监测装置
US20190101096A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-04-04 Bombora Wave Power Pty Ltd Wave energy conversion/convertors
GB2596043A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-12-22 Bombora Wave Power Europe Ltd Wave Energy converter control

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017143214A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Brimes Energy, Inc. Système et procédés de génération d'énergie électrique entraîné par les vagues

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GB2075127A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-11-11 Sea Energy Associates Wave energy conversion device
US4375151A (en) * 1979-10-03 1983-03-01 French Michael J Control in wave energy conversion device employing a flexible walled enclosure
JPS5870067A (ja) * 1981-10-22 1983-04-26 Yoshizo Morita 波力発電
EP0080007A1 (fr) * 1982-03-15 1983-06-01 Horst Quarz Machine pour extraire l'énergie des vagues
JPS59203882A (ja) * 1983-05-06 1984-11-19 Hitachi Zosen Corp 波エネルギ−取出装置
GB2221958A (en) * 1988-08-04 1990-02-21 Edward Garside Pipe network for extracting energy from ocean waves and tidal flows

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GB2060082A (en) * 1979-10-03 1981-04-29 French M J Improvements in or relating to Wave Energy Devices
US4375151A (en) * 1979-10-03 1983-03-01 French Michael J Control in wave energy conversion device employing a flexible walled enclosure
GB2075127A (en) * 1980-03-28 1981-11-11 Sea Energy Associates Wave energy conversion device
JPS5870067A (ja) * 1981-10-22 1983-04-26 Yoshizo Morita 波力発電
EP0080007A1 (fr) * 1982-03-15 1983-06-01 Horst Quarz Machine pour extraire l'énergie des vagues
JPS59203882A (ja) * 1983-05-06 1984-11-19 Hitachi Zosen Corp 波エネルギ−取出装置
GB2221958A (en) * 1988-08-04 1990-02-21 Edward Garside Pipe network for extracting energy from ocean waves and tidal flows

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 073 (M - 368) 3 April 1985 (1985-04-03) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009138740A2 (fr) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Donald Milne Turner Diaphragme en forme de s et dispositif de conversion d'énergie
WO2009138740A3 (fr) * 2008-05-13 2010-11-04 Donald Milne Turner Diaphragme en forme de s et dispositif de conversion d'énergie
JP2014020360A (ja) * 2012-07-17 2014-02-03 Hiromitsu Tejima 波打ち発電ウエーブパワー
US20190101096A1 (en) * 2016-02-23 2019-04-04 Bombora Wave Power Pty Ltd Wave energy conversion/convertors
US10883471B2 (en) * 2016-02-23 2021-01-05 Bombora Wave Power Pty Ltd Wave energy conversion/convertors
CN108107174A (zh) * 2018-04-08 2018-06-01 郑州东之诺科技有限公司 一种基于水力发电技术的环境治理用监测装置
GB2596043A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-12-22 Bombora Wave Power Europe Ltd Wave Energy converter control

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CA2584913A1 (fr) 2006-05-11

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