WO2006042755A2

WO2006042755A2 - Moulding for generating a mineral melted mass to be defibrated in order to produce insulating materials made of mineral fibres

Info

Publication number: WO2006042755A2
Application number: PCT/EP2005/011293
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gerd-Rüdiger Klose
Original assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwool Gmbh & Co. Ohg
Priority date: 2004-10-20
Filing date: 2005-10-20
Publication date: 2006-04-27
Also published as: DE102005040268A9; DE102005040268A1; WO2006042755A3

Abstract

A moulding is disclosed for generating a mineral melted mass to be defibrated in order to produce insulating materials made of mineral fibres, in particular rock wool. The moulding comprises a primary or secondary energy carrier, such as coke, and/or primary and/or secondary raw materials to be melted and defibrated so as to form mineral fibres, such as diabase or basalt, as well as limestone and/or dolomite or slags, in particular slags from the steel industry, such as blast furnace slags as correcting substances, and/or a recycling material obtained from mineral fibre insulating materials, in particular disaggregated mineral fibre insulating materials and/or production waste in the form of mineral fibre insulating materials which are disaggregated and moulded so as to produce moulded bricks. In order to produce a generic moulding with a shape which is particularly advantageous for melting in a melting aggregate, and which can be easily and economically produced, the cross-section of the moulded brick, in at least one of its large axes, is circular or elliptic, or has the shape of a circular arc, or the cross-section of the moulded brick, in at least one of its large axes, is polygonal, and the moulded brick has surfaces that intersect at obtuse angles, or the moulded brick is designed as a cube with edges of more than 200 mm length, in particular no more than 300 mm, and preferably from 200 to 250 mm.

Description

Shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers

The invention relates to a shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular rock wool, consisting of a primary or Sekundärener¬ gieträger, such as coke and / or mineral fibers to be melted and to be fibrillated Primary and / or secondary raw materials such as diabase or basalt and limestone and / or dolomite or slags, especially slags from the iron industry, for example blast furnace slags as Korrekturstof¬ fe and / or recycled material from Mineralfaserdämmstoffen, especially rück¬ built Mineralfaserdämmstoffe and / or production-related waste materials in the form of mineral fiber insulating materials, which are comminuted and formed into a shaped block.

In the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers glassy solidified mineral fibers are combined with small amounts of mostly organic binders to elastically resilient insulating materials in the form of plates and / or sheets, the plates usually separated from an endless track of mineral fibers become. As a binder, for example, in thermally stable

Insulating materials organically modified silanes, water glass or phosphate binders used.

Commercially available insulating materials made of glass wool or rock wool are distinguished. An essential distinguishing feature between these two insulating materials

Varieties is their different temperature resistance. <While so-called stone wool insulation 4102 Part 17 700 ⁰ C melting point to DIN of> virtue of their che¬ mix composition melt glass wool insulation already in Tem¬ temperatures 1000 ^0C.

Rock wool insulation materials can be produced exclusively from rocks such as diabase or basalt, whereby limestone and / or dolomite can be added as corrective additives. These surcharges can also be completely or partially replaced by blast furnace slag and / or other slags from the iron industry.

Another starting material for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers is so-called slag wool, which is melted from basic blast furnace hoses with silicate correction additives. These slag wools also meet the criteria according to DIN 4102 Part 17.

Raw materials for the production of mineral fiber insulating materials have become scarcer and more expensive in recent years. The manufacturers of this

Insulating materials are therefore also required by circular economy and waste laws to find alternative sources of raw materials. In various branches of industry an¬ falling waste materials can be used as so-called secondary raw materials in the production of insulation materials made of mineral fibers, in particular in the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers.

The raw materials for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers are melted with preferably high-quality foundry coke as the primary energy source in cupolas. Cupolas are smoothly formed on their inner walls shaft furnaces with constant over its height inside diameters of approx.

0.9 m to approx. 2.5 m and heights of approx. 4 m to approx. 6 m. As input material, the raw materials to be melted and fiberized and a primary energy source are introduced into the cupola furnace, wherein usually coke as a primary energy carrier with a proportion of about 12 to about 17% by mass. of the feed material is used. The raw materials have diameters of about 80 mm to about 200 mm. With regard to the sizes and particle size distribution of the raw materials and the coke, a narrow com spectrum is desired in order to keep the flow resistance of the bed low.

The feedstock from raw materials and coke is poured periodically as a bed via ei¬ ne Gattierungsanlage in evenly distributed as possible in the cupola ge. Both the raw materials and the coke are very rough and therefore have no regular forms, so that the pore volume and the pore sizes in the bed are constantly changing. To give an idea of the proportions of the two main components in the bed, idealized spherical bodies with diameters of 120 mm each are assumed. With ei¬ nem mass fraction as coke with a gross density of 1,900 kg / m ³ trained energy carrier of 12% and formed as a rock with a density of 3,000 kg / m ³ raw material thus five rock bodies come on a Ener¬ gieträger. Due to the considerable differences in the specific gravity of the energy carrier and the raw material, the coke particles are easily pushed away from the heavier rock particles during the aggregation. Thus, separations of the feed material occur, in which the rock particles are separated from the raw material. As a result, the melting process is negatively affected, as far as these separations lead to an almost complete separation of the feed gate. These separations can be compensated within narrow limits by increasing the grain size of the primary energy source.

For the melting process, a supply of air is required, which is blown over approximately 4 to 20, evenly distributed over the circumference of the shaft furnace arranged wind forms with pressures up to about 10 kPa in countercurrent to the cupola. The cupola has upper furnace areas in which a slight negative pressure is generated and maintained.

The Gattierungsanlage closes the cupola from the top down and allows a controlled discharge of the exhaust gases, which contain, inter alia, CO gas.

The exhaust gases are fed to a downstream cleaning and Nachverbrennungs¬ system, so that the energy content of the exhaust gases used in a subsequent combustion chamber and at the same time harmful compounds, for example, by oxidation or destruction in less harmless compounds are converted. The energy required for the subsequent combustion is supplied for example in the form of natural gas. The energy content of the heated exhaust gases is used in each case via heat exchangers both for preheating the exhaust gases in front of the combustion chamber, but essentially for heating the supplied air. The air is usually used in combination with exhaust gas cleaning temperatures of about 600 ⁰ C, heated by additional heating devices to a maximum of about 800 ⁰ C. A hot blast resulting therefrom can additionally be enriched with oxygen. In many cases, however, oxygen nozzles are arranged directly distributed in a combustion plane on the circumference of the cupola furnace. These oxygen nozzles can act continuously or impulse-like act on the primary energy sources by regular opening and closing. The oxygen nozzles may be arranged on slidable lances.

The primary energy source burns in the area of the bottom of the cupola furnace. The

Combustion ends in a zone about 0.5 m above the tuyeres. In this, temperatures of> 1500 ⁰ C having zone of the oxygen of the combustion air is used up. Above this zone is followed by an area of low altitude, for example <1 m, in which a temperature of up to about 1000 ^° C. is reached. It is fundamentally advantageous to limit the range of high and very high temperatures above the tuyeres to a low level in order to avoid so-called upper fires.

Due to the high temperatures, the rocks arranged at a height of up to 1 m above the tuyeres melt and / or release their energy into the area above this zone to the feed material arranged in this area, so that the components of the slipping task are preheated.

The rocks and / or slags used as lumpy raw materials must not soften plastically at elevated temperatures, as does the energy carrier, since this increases the flow resistance of the bed and drastically reduces the melting performance. As a consequence, the coupler could become clogged. The constituents of the bed must therefore be dimensionally stable at least up to temperatures of about 1000 ^° C.

The temperature distribution in the cupola described above is therefore preceded by slow-reacting energy carriers, which burn off only after reaching a certain temperature level. Fuels like hard coal and lignite, the At low temperatures release many volatile constituents and thus favor Ober¬ fire, are considered in principle not suitable here; The same applies, moreover, to coke varieties, such as those used, for example, for home-made cooking.

As a result of the Boudouard reaction C _(S ) + CO ₂ (g) → CO _(g) , about 30% of the iron oxides contained in the rocks are reduced to metallic iron and collected as molten pig iron on the bottom of the cupola, so that they mostly two - is discharged three times a day through a closable opening in a bottom flap or refractory lining present here.

The above-described cupola furnaces are also usually driven down on a weekly basis because of the necessary cleaning of the downstream production units, the remaining contents of the cupola consisting of the melt and more or less melted or combusted constituents of the feed material being replaced by the cupola opened bottom flap can be removed ent.

On the pig iron melt floats the specific lighter, siükatisch ausge¬ formed melt into which, among other things, ash components of Primärener¬ gieträgers are melted. By a between the tuyeres and the bottom of the cupola, disposed designed as a siphon outlet is th the amount of up to about 155o ⁰ C heated silicate melt kept constant and in a substantially uniform mass flow to the Kupolo¬ downstream fiberizing fen passed.

As a fiberizing apparatus, for example, cascade fiberizing machines may be used. However, there is also known a nozzle-blow process in which the melt is blown out through nozzles and defibered. Both in the nozzle-blow process and in the use of cascade fiberization machines, in addition to the mineral fibers, considerable proportions of non-fibrous particles are produced, which, in agreement with the mineral fibers, are in glass form after cooling. The coarser of these often spherical ones and steπgeligen particles can be separated from the mass of mineral fibers. Nevertheless, insulating materials produced in this way contain about 25 to 30% by mass of non-fibrous particles <125 μm.

The mineral fibers are deposited after their exit from the Zerfaserungsvorrichtung on a conveyor as an endless insulation web. This Dämm¬ material web is processed in subsequent processing stations, for example, folded and / or compressed. Furthermore, the edges of the insulating material web are trimmed in the longitudinal direction.

The trimming of the endless insulation web and the production of rejects as well as the return of damaged insulating materials cause larger amounts of waste. The internal wastes are broken and ground and mixed in this form with fine to medium-grained rocks, waste materials, recycling materials or other additives and with binders ver¬ and pressed into shaped bodies. Suitable waste or recycling materials, which are processed here to so-called secondary raw materials, for example, blast furnace or steelworks slags and / or slags from coal-fired power plants in the form of so-called melted granules. Other additives may be alumina carriers, such as calcined raw bauxite, or processed slags, dross, and dusts from the aluminum industry.

Ais binders are usually used as hydraulically hardening binders, such as Portland cements, in particular finely ground high-strength types of Portland cements, high-hydraulic limes and / or latently hydraulic substances, such as, for example, calcined sewage sludge, ashes from carcass disposal, residues from desulfurization plants of traveling grate boilers Pierverbrennung with appropriate exciters, such as quicklime.

The moldings may have up to about 45% by mass of insulation waste, but because of their water-repellent properties, in particular the mineral fibers impregnated with mineral oils, they do not form any firm bonds with the binders of the moldings, so that the proportion of binders must be increased in order to obtain storage and transport, in particular pourable Form¬ body.

Furthermore, relatively coarse, if absolutely fine-grained rock or slag components <10 mm must be used as supporting grain.

As a result, on the one hand, the required amount of binders with about 10 to about 20% by mass of Portland cement or equivalent acting binder is limited to an economic level and on the other hand, the moldings obtain a sufficient total, in particular a sufficient edge strength.

It is a compressive strength> 0.8 N / mm ² , but preferably> 1 N / mm ^{2 of} the molded body sought. The moldings are therefore densified to densities of about 1,200 to about 2,000 kg / m ³ , preferably to densities of about 1450 to about 1700 kg / m ³ .

The moldings contain organic constituents, in particular in the form of very finely divided organic binders, which are pyrolyzed even at relatively low temperatures, so that their energy content is not directly usable for the actual melting process in the cupola furnace, but in the flue gas cleaning plants or the like coupled heating systems for heating the

Combustion air with corresponding increases in efficiency is maintained at least the entire system.

The porous moldings interspersed with microcracks easily absorb water, so that they should be protected against precipitation and thus also against exposure to low temperatures. The drying of the moldings takes place under atmospheric conditions, although preferably under protective roofs. The heating and evaporation of the proportion of free water in moldings under normal storage conditions in the order of about 7 to 15% by mass and expelling hydrolyzed by cement minerals ge bound crystal water requires appropriate additional amounts of coke or other energy sources, the formation of water vapor can Although it improves the heat transfer in the upper areas of the cupola furnace, it has also wanted side effects on the gas budget. The water vapor loads downstream thermal exhaust air purification systems.

In the practical implementation, the molding of relatively dry masses of the moldings are widely used in the building materials industry.

Paving stone presses used. Because of the higher positional stability of the plaster and for optical reasons, concrete paving stones often have a hexagonal cross-section. The distance between the parallel side surfaces and the height of the concrete pavers is approx. 100 mm.

The shape, size and weight of appropriately formed moldings are suitable for cleaning in the existing conveying and storage facilities and, on the other hand, do not adversely affect the flow resistance of the bed in the cupola. The individual weights of the moldings are also similar to the coke particles, so that separations in the bed can be avoided.

With regard to their melting behavior, the shaped bodies should not differ significantly from the coarse-grained homogeneous natural rocks and thus do not plastically soften at elevated temperatures or form melting eutectics at low temperatures. Both, however, may be desirable as local appearance within the moldings.

The moldings are the cupola furnace usually together with coarse fractions of the bed and the equivalent sized primary energy source

Abandoned coke. The moldings may be a cube shape with edge lengths of, for example, 80 mm to about 150 mm or in corresponding brick formats, for example, normal format or double format according to DIN 105. Larger moldings generally require longer drying times and thus often too long from an economic point of view.

In addition, there is the risk during the furnace trip that the water vapor released in the course of dehydration of the hydrosilicates, aluminates and ferroalates contained in the cement matrix will become dense at one and thus less permeable debris would blow up the mold too soon from the inside. In particular, the fine-grained constituents would be blown out of the furnace by the combustion air or the flue gases.

For the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers it is also possible to use moldings produced on roll presses and consisting of compositions bound with polysaccharides, the proportion of which in the furnace charge being however clearly limited, while cement-bonded moldings with suitable compositions almost correspond to natural rocks completely substituted as part of a bed.

The solid high-temperature coke to be used as the primary energy carrier, in particular the foundry coke known by way of example, is scarce and therefore relatively expensive and, moreover, exposed to severe price fluctuations on the world market, especially in the required grain classes.

For this reason, it is attempted to replace at least part of this coke by suitable carbonaceous waste materials from other industries, in particular by, for example, low-ash petroleum coke. Petroleum coke is used, inter alia, for the cathodic lining and for the anodes of aluminum

Used melting furnaces. Analogously, this also applies to other coarse-carbonaceous residues from coal desiliation in the form of amorphous carbon up to crystalline graphite which no longer contains any volatile constituents. In this case, even components with a diameter between 50 mm and 80 mm can be accepted if their shares remain limited.

Further possible substitutes are described below:

Coke or other fine-grained carbonaceous residues with average particle diameters of about 0.2 to about 3 mm, which are low in volatile constituents, can be mixed in minor amounts together with other waste materials and binders, pressed into the already mentioned shaped bricks. Coke from brown coal or hard coal, which is carbonized at about 500 ⁰ C, because of the high content can not be used directly on volatile constituents. The release of gaseous constituents, including high levels of vapor, the swelling of the coals at elevated temperatures, and the resulting drop in strength also preclude the direct use of

Hard coal or lignite in briquetted or pelleted form.

Carbon stones or corresponding masses are refractory building materials, which are first bound with tar pitch. At high temperatures, volatiles are expelled so that broken particles of the refractory building materials or an outbreak, such as coke and graphite particles, can be treated to a great extent.

Teer-bound basic dolomite, magnesia or bound chromium-magnesia stones and ramming masses contain the formed graphite in pores after the volatiles have fumed.

Industrial pellets of conditioned natural biomass consist of wood and / or mixtures with other renewable raw materials, such as trays, vegetable residues. These biomasses are pressed, for example, as pellets with briquettes or other shaped bodies, with particle sizes of up to about 30 mm.

Black slate are sedimentary rocks For example, Posidonia schist is known, which is named after the mussel Posidonia Bronni considered to be the leading fossil. Posidonia schists of the Lias formation in southern Germany can contain about 10% by weight, in some horizons up to 20% by weight of organic material, which in turn is 80-90% in the form of so-called kerogens.

Kerogens are high molecular weight, simultaneously high-polymer hydrocarbons

Compounds from which low-molecular substances with petroleum-like properties are formed on heating. At very high pressures, natural gas can also be formed in catalytic reactions. Due to the genesis, however, relatively high levels of pyrites are present. Organic ingredients burn In Meilern from broken rocks in the form of a smoldering fire, it can be obtained from leaking oil. This form of oil extraction can also be done in shaft furnaces in which the burnup is controlled from top to bottom by a rectified guidance of the combustion air. These falsely referred to as oil shale limestone and marl are currently used for the production of Portlandölschieferzement. The rock is burned in fluidized bed ovens. The calorific value of the slate is given with a average content of organic substance of 11.2 mass% with about 3900 kJ / m ³ . By comparison, the calorific values of hard coal are approx. 29,300 kJ / kg, of brown coal approx. 8,000 kJ / kg. The finely ground burnout is latently hydraulic to hydraulic and, after joint grinding with Portland cement clinker, produces a reddish-brown colored cement whose strength level is, however, lower than that of normal Portland cements. Finely milled slate is burnt together with limestone, quartz sand and clay in the rotary kiln to cement clinker, which naturally here the sulfide content in the slate for the product are not detrimental. The finely ground burnt out gestei¬ ne were used as strengthening additives in the production of structural panels or aerated concrete.

Refractory building materials are gebun¬ with water glasses or phosphate binders. Carbon-containing refractory building materials in the form of shaped bodies or staple masses are bound with coal tar, the volatile constituents being driven off either at a place of use by a heating process or by careful heating.

From AT-PS 38 685 a method for the production of briquettes is known, which are suitable as additional fuel of mineral material in the production of slag wool and coke and / or coal particles and a hydraulic binder, wherein the briquettes at least 8% of the dry weight Contain binder and contained in the briquettes fine coke and / or

Carbon particles have a particle size of more than 2 mm and further as further ren constituents fine oxide-containing, mineral particles having a particle size less than 2 mm. As binder, Portland cement is provided in an amount of 8 to 35% of the dry weight of the briquette. The oxide-containing mineral Particles are selected from the materials sand, slag, stone dust, fly ash, lime stone dust, dolomite dust, silicon dioxide, slag wool sawdust or any other waste materials obtained in the slag wool.

Furthermore, DE 195 25 022 A1 discloses a heatable, solid shaped article and method for its production, the main components of which are coke particles and cement. The coke particles are formed by coke breeze.

However, the previously known shaped bodies are only conditionally suitable for replacing the primary energy carriers or the raw material, since their strength leads to an insufficiently abrasion-resistant or dimensionally stable shaped body due to the materials or mass fractions used.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a generic molded article which does not have the disadvantages of the molded articles known from the prior art and which has a shape which is particularly advantageous for the melt process in a melting unit and which is simpler and more economical Way can be produced.

According to a first embodiment, in the case of a generic molded article it is provided that the shaped block is of circular, elliptical or regular circular arc shape in cross section, at least in a large body axis.

According to a second alternative solution, it is provided that the shaped block is polygonal in cross section at least in a large body axis, wherein the shaped block has surfaces which converge towards one another at obtuse angles.

Finally, in a third alternative solution, it is envisaged that the

Form stone is designed as a cube with an edge length of more than 200 mm, in particular up to 300 mm, preferably between 200 and 250 mm. The abovementioned alternative solutions to the problem form shaped bodies which permit an ordered arrangement in a melting unit, for example a cupola furnace, the design of the shaped bodies enabling good gas diffusion through a heap formed from them. Furthermore, the shaped bodies according to the invention can be produced in an economical production process, it being possible in particular to use conventional presses. Finally, the shaped bodies according to the invention have the advantage that they can be used as energy carriers and / or as raw material carriers, depending on their material.

According to the invention, the shaped body can have a shaped block which is coated with a layer of a binder, in particular a thin layer of a cement paste. This layer behaves on the impact of the molding substantially tough elastic and tends only in the immediate deformation area to flake off. During the heating of the shaped bodies, both the steam and the coagulating organic constituents can escape without unfolding explosive effects. The layer of cement paste on the shaped brick also prevents or prevents the oxidation of the primary energy source by the carbon dioxide CO ₂ formed during the reduction of the iron oxides. The thin layer of cement paste can be reinforced by additions of ground [mineral fibers together with the comminuted non-fibrous particles, which are optionally contained therein. Their proportion is limited with respect to the binder to a maximum of 20% by mass, but preferably <8% by mass.

With the aid of a reinforced layer on the shaped brick, above all the reactivity of the primary energy carrier can be delayed, so that the burning takes place in deeper areas of the cupola furnace and the formation of topfire is at least reduced. For this purpose, the shaped brick can subsequently be immersed in a suitable binder-containing slurry or sprayed onto this slurry.

The binder is preferably arranged in a thin layer fully or partially on the molded block. According to a development, it is provided that the binder consists of waterglass, phosphate binder, phosphate cement as a mixture of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and / or organically modified silanes. In particular, the binder is provided as a coating in a carbon-containing fraction of high-temperature coke, petroleum coke, pitch coke and / or graphite.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the coated molded block is inserted into the sheathing in order to further improve the strength of the shaped body. This alternative has proven to be particularly advantageous if the molded block has a volume that is smaller than the volume of the envelope, so that relative movements of the molded block to the jacket would lead to abrasion of the molded block.

For example, the shaped block may have a carbon-containing fraction having at least two particle size classes, of which a particle size class at least 50% by mass, which has a particle size <25 mm and thus fills interspaces, which are arranged between the particles of grain size class ≥ 25 mm. Here, the packing density of> 1,250 kg / m ³ of Be¬ interpretation, since this packing density is achieved by a pressing process in which, in conjunction with the particle size distribution can produce a molded body, the by its abrasion and shape stability for the mentioned purpose is particularly suitable. This molded block is coated with a sheath or inserted into a sheath, as will be described in detail hereinafter.

When breaking up freshly produced coke, about 50% by weight of fine-grained fractions are formed, but these can not be used as fine-grained constituents for the operation of a cupola furnace. By the feature combination of the fine-grained fraction of the coke or another solid carbon-containing primary energy carrier, for example refractory outbreak substances or anodic linings of smelting furnaces or electrode material with coarser carbonaceous particles, which form a scaffold for receiving the fine-grained fraction, it is possible to to create a free-flowing and abrasion-resistant molded body, which in particular special as a primary energy source for the production of mineral wool melts is operational.

Since the primary energy source in the fire must be stable for a long time, a thermally stable binder is provided. Surprisingly, it has been shown that

Portland cements including Portlandölschieferzemente, Tonerdeschmelzze¬ elements and latent hydraulic substances with appropriate exciters as Binde¬ medium for Hochtemperaturkoks- or graphite fractions can be used. The selection of the binders also depends on the desired development of strength of the shaped bodies, with the alumina cements developing very quickly sufficiently high strengths, which under certain circumstances may justify their substantially higher price.

Coke and graphite particles with grain sizes <50 mm, preferably <25 mm are intensively mixed with the hydraulic binders. The particle size distribution of the carbon-containing fraction is selected such that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer particles only fill the intermediate spaces to such an extent that a sufficient packing density and thus a load-bearing molded body result, but at the same time has a certain permeability , It is advantageous in this case to use a carbon-containing fraction having a broad particle size range different grain size classes and to mix these in corresponding gradations and different proportions in order to press the corresponding shaped bodies from them.

The mixing process can be carried out in two stages, first by the carbonaceous

Particles with Portland cement, optionally with the addition of redispersible Netz¬ medium and / or adhesion-promoting and strength-increasing redispersible plastics are mixed before then mixing water is added in the next mixing stage. The cement content is about 12 to about 30 mass%, preferably <25 mass%.

The carbonaceous fraction is then pressed into shaped bricks. The gross densities of these conglomerates are more than about 1250 kg / m ³ . By raising the cement content, the bulk density can be increased. The carbonaceous fraction may be fine-grained and consist of coke, graphite and / or carbonaceous compounds, in particular refractory outbreaks or anodic linings of smelting furnaces and / or preferably consumed electrode material.

The binder is thermally stable and preferably consists of Portland cement, Portlandölschieferzement, Tonerdeschmelzzement and / or la¬ tenthydraulischen substances with stimulators, especially free lime-containing substances, such as hydrated lime or cement.

According to the above explanations, it is advantageous according to a further feature of the invention that the carbon-containing fraction and / or the binder are redispersible wetting agents, for example surface-active substances and / or adhesion-promoting and / or strength-increasing redispersible agents

Plastics, such as acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or copolymers.

The carbon-containing fraction is preferably bonded with 12 to 30% by mass, in particular with 15 to 25% by mass of binder, so that the outstanding

Maintain melting properties in the range of a cupola furnace in this shaped body.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that in addition to the carbon-containing fraction and the binder a Stützkom having a particle size of less than 25 mm, in particular less than 10 mm in a proportion of less than 30% by mass is included. According to a development of this feature, it is provided that the support com consists of a mineral melt to be shredded for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials. This embodiment ensures as far as possible residue-free melting, wherein constituents of the primary energy carrier pass into the melt and contribute to the formation of the mineral fibers. For the production of moldings according to the invention, carbon coke is suitable insofar as its content can be limited to <30% by weight of the foundry coke or graphite or a mixture of both, and the support structure made of solid dense high-temperature coke or graphite, optionally supplemented by supporting grain from rocks or comparable secondary substances.

Because of the desired homogeneity of the moldings and the distribution of the binder, the cube-shaped moldings, for example, can have edge lengths of up to approximately 300 mm. Edge lengths of approximately 200 to 250 mm have proven to be advantageous, since the shaped bodies are still dimensionally stable with such edge lengths and do not disintegrate in the cupola furnace even under the influence of temperature.

In order to provide a molded body with high strength and good combustion behavior, it is provided that the carbon-containing fraction with the binder and the optionally present supporting grain and / or the optionally present envelope is arranged as a filling in a load-bearing and / or temperaturbe¬ permanent sheath.

The carbonaceous fraction bound in this way with hydraulic binders can thus be treated with raw material-containing, i. the desired melt-forming masses together form a shaped body. Here, special shapes of the molded articles from the primary energy source and the raw material can advantageously affect the melting process. Such shapes will be described below. The shaped bodies can also be made of natural rocks and / or other secondary raw materials, if appropriate with fractions of primary energy sources and suitable binders.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the Umman¬ tion has a cavity having a volume which is greater than the volume of the filling volume, which comprises the carbon-containing fraction, wherein the Vo¬ lumenverhältnis of a proportion of in contains the carbon-containing fraction, is dependent on heating volatile components. Due to this staltung damage or destruction of the shell by an expansion of the filling and / or by gas pressure is avoided.

Preferably, the filling is arranged in briquetted form or as a bed in the sheathing.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the Ummante¬ ment at least in some areas an air permeability for the controlled Ent¬ gassing of the filling, in order to avoid too high a pressure in the sheath. Such a pressure could lead to damage or destruction of the casing, so that a controlled release of energy or a controlled melting of the raw material is not possible.

A further development of the invention provides that the casing consists of a rock fraction, in particular of minerals for the production of a mineral melt for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, preferably rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials, which are bound with hydraulic binders. This embodiment provides a shaped body which serves both as a primary energy carrier and as a raw material carrier.

It is further provided that the sheath auf¬ an outer circumferential surface, on which a, in particular fine-grained rocks and / or mineral fibers having coating layer of hydraulic binders is arranged.

The casing has according to a further feature an opening which can be closed with a lid. In this embodiment, a separate production of sheathing and filling is possible, which are subsequently connected to one another. Different fillings can thus be introduced into the sheaths in order to take into account different requirements of the melting process.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the Ummante¬ ment of haufwerkporigem mortar and / or concrete with aggregates of rocks, Slags and / or mineral fibers, wherein the aggregates are bound with hydraulically hardening binders, especially with Portland cement. Such a trained sheath has a high abrasion resistance and is particularly suitable for the pouring of a cupola furnace.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the hydraulically hardening binders are partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latently hydraulic secondary raw materials or by latently hydraulic pozzolans, tufts with stimulators, in particular free lime-containing substances, for example carbohydrate or cement.

A geometry of the casing has proved to be advantageous in which the casing has a length and / or a diameter whose ratio to one another is 1: 1, preferably 1.2: 1 to 2.5: 1.

In order to achieve an advantageous orientation of the molded body to be poured in the cupola, in which the moldings are arranged in the intended manner in the cupola, it is provided that the casing and / or the molded block has a center of gravity which is arranged eccentrically on the longitudinal axis of the shaped body.

The complete and firm enclosure of the filling in the casing is achieved by the fact that the lid, which is preferably formed from a material which corresponds to the material of the casing, is pressed into the casing after it has been filled with the filling.

A development of this embodiment provides that the casing has a recess which serves to receive the lid.

To control the melting process, it is advantageously provided that the lid has at least one predetermined breaking point at which the lid breaks at a certain pressure. Furthermore, for targeted control of the melting process is the advantageous feature that the sheath has at least two chambers for receiving unter¬ different fillings.

In this embodiment, it can be provided that the chambers by a

Wall of ground mineral fibers and / or from the material of the shell matching cement-bonded molding compounds are separated.

It is preferably provided that the chambers are subdivided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sheathing. Furthermore, the invention can be further developed wer¬ that the sheath is divided by extending parallel to the longitudinal axis webs into individual chambers.

In order to regulate the gas pressure in the casing, it can be provided according to a further feature of the invention that the casing has in the region of a wall a perforated disk or at least one opening through which volatile constituents can escape.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the filling and / or the casing are rotationally symmetrical. In this case, it has proved to be particularly advantageous that the filling and / or the Ummante¬ ment have a cylindrical or prism-shaped cross section and preferably a curved to hemispherical end face and a face opposite the end face arranged contact patch. Both the storage and the orientation of the moldings in the cupola furnace can thereby be influenced in a particularly advantageous manner.

Finally, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the filling and / or the sheathing have the shape of a rhombic disphenoid.

For the production of the shaped body and in particular of the sheathing and the shaped block, instead of hydraulically setting substances, also silicate glasses, phosphate binders, phosphate cements as mixtures of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and organically modified silanes as binders preferably in conjunction with high-temperature coke; petroleum coke; Pitch coke or graphite are used, which have solid surfaces.

The reinforced surface layer of the described, usable as filling shaped blocks forms the transition to the load-bearing and temperature-resistant sheath, the sheathing and the filling are to be understood in the sense of small reactors. In addition to coals pretreated at high temperatures, these small reactors may contain, in particular, primary energy carriers which, on heating, release volatile substances and thereby inflate. Such reactions are to be considered in the design of the sheathing body and the respective degree of filling.

The released volatiles may be due to the intensification of

Energy transfer to the raw material particles substantially intensify the melting process or replace part of the primary energy carriers in the furnace bed. The energy-containing volatiles are withdrawn in the upper part of the Ku¬ polofen and burned in a downstream combustor. The energy content ultimately serves to preheat the combustion air.

Various primary energy carriers can be introduced into this casing as shaped blocks, in bonded, for example in briquetted form, or as a fine-grained packing. For binding of shaped bricks to be used in the sheathing, in addition to the previously mentioned inorganic and organic binders, naturally fine coal is suitable for briquetting or coal tar pitch. Furthermore, polysaccharides, Me¬ can be used or the like.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawing show: Figure 1 shows a first Ausführungsforrn a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional plan view shown;

Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a shaped body in side view;

FIG. 6 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 5 in plan view;

FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of a shaped body in a side view;

FIG. 8 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 7 in plan view;

Figure 9 shows a seventh embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view;

Figure 10 shows an eighth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view;

Figure 11 shows a ninth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view;

FIG. 12 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 11 in plan view;

13 shows a tenth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view; FIG. 14 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 13 in plan view;

Figure 15 shows an eleventh embodiment of a shaped body in plan view;

Figure 16 shows a twelfth embodiment of a shaped body in plan view;

17 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 16 in a sectional view, shown in section, along the section line VXII - XVII in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 16 in a sectional view cut along the section line VXIII-XVIII in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 shows a thirteenth embodiment of a shaped body in a top view;

FIG. 20 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 19 in a sectional view cut along the section line XX-XX in FIG. 19 and FIG

Figure 21 is a fourteenth embodiment of a shaped body in geschnit¬ th illustrated side view.

FIG. 1 shows a shaped body 1 which can be used as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fiberized for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool. The molded body

1 consists of a molded block V of a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction. The carbon-containing fraction has a maximum particle size of 50 mm, wherein at least half of the carbon-containing fraction has a particle size <25 mm. In the case of the shaped block 1 ', it is provided that the coarser constituents of the carbon-containing fraction form a supporting framework (not shown), while the finer constituents having a particle size of ≦ 25 mm fill the intermediate spaces in the supporting framework. The carbonaceous fraction and the binder have a packing density of 1,250 kg / m ³ . The molded body 1 is round in cross-section and has at its one end 2 a conical section 3rd

FIG. 1 further shows a casing 4, which has a receiving space 5 into which the molded block is completely inserted, so that inner wall surfaces 6 of the receiving space 5 abut on the outer wall 7 of the molded piece V as completely as possible.

The casing 4 is cylindrical and has a peripheral wall

8 and a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wall 8 extending bottom 9. The bottom 9 has an increased thickness relative to the wall 8 and moreover has a conical depression 10, which is formed corresponding to the ko¬ nischen section 3 of the molded block. Between the free ends of the wall 8, a lid 11 is arranged, which the receiving space 5 above the

Formstones 1 'closes. The molded block 1 'thus represents a filling 12.

The Ummanteiung 4 consists of rock fractions and / or Sekundärrohstof¬ fen, which in the production of mineral fiber insulation in the course of the manufacturing process as, for example, sections, faulty products or derglei¬ chen incurred. Furthermore, such secondary raw materials may also be available in the course of recycling demolished mineral fiber insulating materials.

The casing 4 has a high mechanical and thermal stability at the same time high air permeability. The rock fractions and / or secondary raw materials are bound together by hydraulic binders.

The air permeability of the sheath 4 enables a controlled release of the molded block 1 ', which is located within the receiving space 5 and represents the filling 12, which serves as an energy source in a melting process in a cupola (not shown).

The controlled degassing of the molded block 1 'takes place via the wall 8, the cover 11 and the bottom 9 under the influence of temperature expanding molded block 1 'the shell 4 is subjected to increased gas pressure, so that it comes to a damage of the casing 4. A regulated gas pressure within the casing 4, for example the expansion pressure of coal, low-temperature coke or other energy sources, on the other hand, serves to support the casing 4.

The strength of the casing 4 can therefore be reduced to form the casing 4 so permeable to air, that a delayed energy release of the molded block 1 'is possible.

In addition, the sheath 4 on the wall 8, the bottom 9 and / or the

Cover 11 have a thin layer of a hydraulic not shown Bin¬ demittels. This hydraulic binder can be reinforced by fine-grained rock fractions or secondary raw materials, namely in particular waste fibers. Such a layer can be applied by dipping or spraying the sheathing 4.

The casing 4 is pressed as a body open on one side. Subsequently, the molded block V is inserted into the body of the casing 4 and the Ummante¬ ment 4 closed by the lid 11.

The cover 11 has circumferentially a projection 13 which engages in a korrespondie¬ ing recess 14 formed in the inner wall surface 6 of Ummante¬ ment 4. The recess 14 may be formed, for example, as an undercut, which is introduced in the region of an upper edge of the casing 4 with a friction screw press.

In addition to the above-mentioned materials, the casing 4 may also consist of haufwerkporigem mortar or concrete, with aggregates of rocks, slags and mineral fiber waste and hydraulically hardening binder, such as Portland cements can be provided. The hydraulically hardening binders can be at least partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latent-hydraulic secondary raw materials, respectively latent-hydraulic pozzolans or tufts with corresponding exciters, if a sufficiently long storage time for hardening is granted. As stated above, the wall thickness 8 of the lid 11 corresponds to the material thickness of the wall 8. Basically, the wall thickness is adapted to the required strength of the shaped block 1 'and the casing 4, wherein In particular, the transport and storage of the combination of molded block 1 'and sheathing 4 and on the stresses during the furnace journey Rück¬ view is to take. The design of the bottom 9 with the conical recess 10 in combination with the conical section 3 of the molded block 1 'and the high packing density means that the combination of coating 4 and shaped block V is not closer, particularly in the bed The cupola arranged in the desired manner aligns the cupola so that the combination of shaped brick V and casing 4 is arranged substantially in the orientation shown in FIG. 1 in the bed.

The combination of molded block 1 'and sheath 4 shown in FIG. 1 has a ratio of length to diameter of 1: 1. By changing this ratio up to 2.5: 1, the above-described effects with respect to alignment in the cupola furnace can be further improved.

The above-described molded block 1 ', which may consist of a primary energy source, for example coke or another carbon-containing fraction, is preformed and pressed. But it is also possible to fill the primary energy source or another carbon-containing fraction in several stages as a loose bed up to a certain height in the casing 4 and to press there. Of course, it is alternatively also possible to pour the primary energy carrier or the carbon-containing fraction completely into the casing 4 and then to compress it before the lid 11 is formed in both cases by a mortar / concrete mixture a composition corresponding to the casing 4 is finally filled in and pressed with the primary energy carrier or the carbon-containing fraction and the casing 4. The lid 11 may alternatively have a deviating from the casing 4 composition. Due to the procedure described above, all components are compressed to the density which is possible and desired by the type of substances and their particle size distribution.

The recess 14 at the upper edge of the Ummanteiung 4 is particularly advantageous if the lid 11 is formed of a lower compared to the wall 8 and bottom 9 permeable molding compound or a pourable and finally strongly dwindling mass. The positive connection zwi¬ tween the lid 11 and the Ummanteiung 4 prevents the lid 11 is separated at the different stresses during storage, transport and loading of the cupola of the Ummanteiung 4, the lid 11 can also in such a way be dimensioned that it tears under thermal loads, namely at too high an internal pressure, but does not fall out of its anchorage in the Ummanteiung 4. In this regard, the lid 11 may have a predetermined breaking point, not shown. The cover 11 thus prevents the falling out of the molded block 1 'or a comparable bed of material from the Ummanteiung. 4

The combination of the shaped brick 1 'and the Ummanteiung 4 represents a so-called small-sized reactor whose energy output is tuned to the temperature distribution curve over the height of the cupola. The volatile constituents of the shaped block 1 'are released only after sufficient heating of the Um¬ manteiung 4 and preferably on the bottom 9 and the wall 8. As a result, they are first burned in a region of the cupola furnace in which an excess of oxygen is present, so that a more complete combustion can take place. The advantage here is a reduction of the free water in the

Form stone 1 'and in Ummanteiung 4.

In addition to the above-mentioned energy sources coal, coke, graphite, activated carbon or soot can also wood waste, bark, waste wood, chips and dusts from wood and paper processing, chipboard chips and shreds, Papier¬ snippets, peanut shells, cotton stalks in briquetted form as a molded block 1 'or filling 12 are used. In figure 2 a second embodiment of a shaped body 1 is shown with a form-stone V, which is formed in two parts and has portions, wherein a release layer 15 is disposed between the sections of the shaped block 1 ¹ which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sheath 4 and adjoins the inner wall surface 6 of the casing 4. The two sections of the Form¬ stone 1 ', which are separated by the separation layer 15 from each other, may be identical or different. This applies in particular with regard to the composition of the primary energy carrier or of an alternative fraction containing carbonyl.

In contrast to FIG. 1, a deviating lid 11 can be seen, which is essentially T-shaped in cross section, so that the lid rests on an end face 16 of the wall 8 of the casing 4, while one with the inside diameter the sheathing 4 matching section 17 sealingly engages in the receiving space 5 of the casing 4.

In addition to a frictional connection of the lid 11 with the wall 8 of the casing 4, a positive connection according to FIG. 1 can also be provided, in which case a corresponding projection 13 and a corresponding recess 14 are integrated into the inner wall surface 6 and the lid 11, respectively ,

The shaped block 1 'can consist of a pelletized, briquetted or otherwise compressed energy carrier and can be stretched by broken kerogens containing the slate and / or ground insulation waste and thus be braked in its reactivity. A similar effect is achieved by the Trenn¬ layer 15, which divides the molded block V into two sections. The separating layer 15 thus leads to a combination of a shaped block 1 'and a sheath 4, in which the sheath 4 has a multi-chamber structure.

In addition to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, it is possible to divide the receiving space 5 of the casing 4 into further chambers. Reference is made in this regard to FIG. 4, which has a polygonal cross-section casing 4 whose receiving space 5 is subdivided into four chambers by right-angled partition walls 18, each receiving part of a shaped block Y. The individual parts of the molded block 1 'can again be formed identically or differently, in particular, different compositions of the individual parts of the molded block 1' can be provided.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a molded block 1 'arranged in a casing 4, wherein it can be seen that, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the bottom 9 is designed as a perforated plate with degassing openings 19 and a form fit into an opening of the casing 4 is used. For this purpose, the bottom 9 in the region of its edge on a umlau¬ fenden projection 20 which engages in a corresponding recess 21 of the wall 8. The projection 20 and the recess 21 are formed in a semi-circular cross-section to facilitate the insertion of the bottom 9 in the casing 4.

In addition to the degassing openings 19 in the bottom, a further degassing opening 19 is arranged in the lid 11, the design of which is otherwise associated with the

Cover 11 according to FIG 2 coincides. The degassing opening 19 in the lid 11 is arranged centrally. It can be seen that the degassing openings 19, which are arranged centrally in the cover 11 and in the bottom 9, are conical and constrict towards the shaped block V. In contrast, the degassing openings arranged eccentrically in the bottom 9 are cylindrical. A defined degassing of the molded block 1 'is possible via the degassing openings 19 in order to regulate the gas pressure within the casing 4. The above described be¬ already described and arranged in the casing 4 shaped stone 1 'will be explained in more detail below, as far as this shaped stone 1' of course without sheath 4 as a primary energy source for the production of a zerfa¬ sernden mineral melt for the production of insulating materials from Mineral¬ fibers , in particular of rock wool is usable. The previously described and mentioned raw materials, as well as the coke have due to their respective internal structure and the applied Aufbereitungs¬ process on irregular forms. The raw and secondary raw materials which form the melt and the primary energy sources can be introduced into the cupola furnace completely or substantially in the form of shaped bodies 1. The

Shape design of these individual melt-containing moldings 1 and the energy-carrying shaped stones 1 'may be different in shape, size, weight and Festig¬ speed, with a vote on each other is possible. Here, the shape of the cupola, the distribution of the moldings 1 in the oven, the transport of the moldings 1 to the oven and the feed plays an essential

Role. The moldings 1 are mechanically loaded in this case and should in particular be made resistant to abrasion and breakage.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show a shaped block 1 'in a side view (FIG. 5) and in a plan view (FIG. 6). The molded block 1 'is designed in the shape of a double-pyramidal truncated shape and consists of a primary energy source. The shaped block 1 'has a cuboid central region 22 with a square base surface. Truncated pyramid-shaped elements 23 are arranged on both sides of the middle region 22, wherein a truncated pyramid-shaped element 23 can consist of a primary energy carrier and the further truncated pyramidal element 23 of a melt-forming substance.

The truncated pyramidal elements 23 have square end surfaces 24th

Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, the molded block 1 'can also ei¬ NEN middle region in the form of a circular disk, wherein the elements 23 can then be frusto-conical.

The molded block 1 'according to FIGS. 5 and 6 represents a simple geometric shape with which hybrid forms can be realized by bonding bonded energy carriers with melt-forming substances.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show further embodiments of a rotationally symmetrical shaped block 1 '. Compared to the embodiment according to the Figures 5 and 6, the elements 23 are formed with concave surfaces. In particular, it can be seen in FIG. 8 that the elements 23 have a round or polygonal cross-section, but extend in each case as far as an end face 24. With this embodiment, the edge regions of the molded block 1 'are formed with increased edge strength. The shaped block Y can additionally have an opening 25 running parallel to the longitudinal axis, which serves to degas the shaped block Y or flow through the shaped block 1 '.

In addition, the concave surfaces of the elements 23 serve to improve the degassing and flow through a arranged in a cupola not shown bed of moldings 1, as by the concave surfaces dense concerns neighboring mold blocks Y is not possible.

In Figure 9, a molded block 1 'cylindrical configuration is shown, the one

Central portion 26 has, which is designed as einschaliger Rotationshyperboloid. On both sides of the central portion 26 a circular disc portion 27 is arranged an¬, wherein the material thickness of the disc portions 27 may be identical or un¬ different formed, for example, an orientation of the molded block 1 'in the introduction of the molded block Y as a bed in the Kupol¬ cause to be able to.

A simple embodiment of a molded block Y is shown in FIG. This is a shaped block Y with a round or polygonal cross-section, wherein the shaped brick 1 'is formed, in particular, from bonded high-temperature coke and / or graphite. For better flow through a bed constructed of such shaped blocks 1 'in a cupola, it is provided that the shaped block Y has an opening 25 extending in its longitudinal direction. Of course, such a shaped block 1 'can also be constructed from other energy carriers and in particular also from melt-forming materials, in particular pressed. FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a molded block 1 ', which may have a round or polygonal cross-section. The molded block Y according to FIG. 11 has two disk sections 27 and a middle section 26, wherein the diameter or the width of the central part 26 telabschnϊtts 26 is smaller than the diameter or the width of Scheiben¬ sections 27. The disc sections 27 have at its the central portion 26 facing the end of an inclined surface 28, wherein the central portion 26 is aligned centrally with the disc portions 27.

An opening 25 is provided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the middle section 26 which in turn serves to improve the flowability of a bed formed from such shaped stones 1 'in a cupola furnace.

FIG. 12 shows a shaped block 1 'with a polygonal or circular cross section, which consists of a plurality of discs 29, 30 and 31, wherein the discs 29, 30 and 31 are arranged concentrically with one another and have different diameters or widths, so that a staircase structure of the molded block Y results. The disks 29 to 31 have a circumferential edge bead, which increases the edge strength of the disks 29 to 31. Through this

Edge bead is also the position of such a shaped block Y stabilized within ei¬ ner furnace bed. Centrally, the shaped brick 1 'can in turn have an opening 25 for improving the flowability of the shaped block 1' or a bed formed from a plurality of shaped blocks 1 'in a cupola furnace. Such openings 25 also serve to improve the heat transfer, since the shaped brick 1 'is also heated from the inside through the openings. Of course, it is also possible to provide more than one opening 25 in a corresponding molded block 1 '. Furthermore, moisture can escape from the shaped brick 1 'via the opening 25.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of a molded block Y, wherein FIG. 14 shows a top view and FIG. 13 shows a side view of the molded block 1 'according to FIG. The molded block 1 'according to FIGS. 13 and 14 has a substantially elliptical cross section and consists of a body which is homogeneous in terms of its density or of a body with a partially different mass.

In its central area, the shaped brick 1 'has an opening 25 for the purposes already described above. In addition to the elliptical Embodiment of the molded block 1 ¹ are also other shapes to Ro¬ tion ellipsoids possible. The advantage of such shaped blocks 1 'with an elliptical cross-section is that such shaped blocks V can be arranged in a stable flat position in the cupola furnace. Therefore, the openings 25 in such shaped blocks 1 'are also aligned at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the shaped stones 1'.

FIG. 15 shows another simple embodiment of a molded block 1 ', which is particularly suitable for the use in question here. The molded block Y according to FIG. 15 has the known form of a domestic fire brigade and is therefore easy to stack and transport. As a result of its shape, a number of shaped blocks 1 'form a highly permeable bed in a cupola furnace. A further embodiment of a shaped block 1 'is shown in FIGS. 16 to 18. This molded block Y is particularly suitable for insertion into the cupola and can be used both as hybrid moldings, as well as monolithic

Shaped brick 1 ', i. primary melt forming or be designed as an energy source. The molded block 1 'has six surfaces 32, in which gas guide channels 33 are formed. The gas guide channels 33 are open to the surfaces 32 and connect in each case oppositely disposed and parallel aligned surfaces 32nd

The large surfaces 32 each have four gas guide channels 33, of which two are aligned in parallel. In the formed as narrow sides surfaces 32 each have two gas guide channels 33 are formed.

In the region of intersection points of the gas guide channels 33, which are aligned at right angles to one another, of the surfaces 32 formed as large surfaces, furthermore bores 34 are arranged which, for example, have an oval, round or cloverleaf-shaped cross section. The holes 34 connect opposing surfaces 32 to each other.

The molded block 1 'according to FIGS. 16 to 18 can have a height between 50 and 500 mm and side lengths between 150 and 500 mm. The shaped block 1 'according to FIGS. 16 to 18 preferably has a square base surface. In FIG. 16, the covering is additionally illustrated as a coating 35, which adheres to the surfaces 32, for example, of a binder, such as in particular a cement paste. In addition, the binder may have mahamed insulation fibers to increase the abrasion resistance of the molded body 1. According to FIG. 16, this coating 35 is only in the region of one

Half arranged on the narrow sides trained as surfaces 32 of the molded block 1 'an¬. The coating 35 thus likewise serves to displace the center of gravity of the shaped body 1, so that the shaped body 1 is aligned in a specific arrangement during the impact of a cupola furnace.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show a further embodiment of a molded block 1 'which, in the region of its two large surfaces 36, has grooves 37 that are substantially U-shaped in cross-section. These grooves 37 in turn serve to guide air and gas during the melting process within the cupola. Incidentally, the molded block Y is cuboid in FIGS. 19 and 20.

Finally, FIG. 21 shows an element 39 which has a shaped body 1 in a casing 4, wherein the casing 4 forms a central element 38 with the molded brick 1 'arranged therein, to which smaller elements 40 pass

Webs 41 are connected.

The smaller elements 40 correspond in their construction to the central element 38 and therefore also have a shaped block Y in a casing 4. The casing 4 is in each case composed of a melt-forming mass, while the shaped brick Y represents an energy carrier. With a plurality of elements 39 according to FIG. 21, a very permeable furnace filling can be produced.

Claims

claims

, Moldings for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular from

Rock wool, consisting of a primary or secondary energy sources, such as coke and / or from mineral fibers to be melted and shredded primary and / or secondary raw materials such as diabase or Ba¬ salt and limestone and / or dolomite or slags, especially slags the iron industry, for example, blast furnace slags as

Correction materials and / or recycled material from Mineralfaserdämmstoffen, in particular dismantled Mineralfaserdämmstoffe and / or produktions¬ related waste in the form of mineral fiber insulation, which are crushed and formed into a molded brick, dadu rc hgekennzeichnet that the molded block (1 ¹ ) at least in a large body axis (x , y, z) is circular in cross-section, ellipsenfömnig or regular circular arc-shaped.

2. Shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, especially from rockwool, consisting of a primary or secondary energy source, such as coke and / or primary fibers to be melted and fibrillated into mineral fibers. or secondary raw materials, such as diabase or basalt, as well as limestone and / or dolomite or slag, in particular

Slags from the iron industry, such as blast furnace slag as correction and / or recycled material from mineral fiber insulation, especially dismantled mineral fiber insulation and / or produktions¬ related waste in the form of mineral fiber insulation, which are crushed and formed into a molded block, characterized in that the molded block (1 ¹ ) at least is formed polygonal in cross-section in a large body axis (x, y, z), wherein the molded block (1 ') auf¬ has surfaces which converge at obtuse angles. Shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular rockwool, consisting of a primary or secondary energy source, such as coke and / or primary and / or mineral fibers to be melted and fibrillated to mineral fibers Secondary raw materials such as diabase or salt and limestone and / or dolomite or slags, in particular slags from the iron industry, for example blast furnace slags as correction substances and / or recycled material from mineral fiber insulating materials, in particular dismantled mineral fiber insulating materials and / or production-related waste materials in the form of mineral fiber insulating materials, which are comminuted and formed into a shaped brick, characterized in that the shaped brick (1 ') is formed as a cube with an edge length of more than 200 mm, in particular up to 300 mm, preferably between 200 and 250 mm.

4. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the molded block (1 ') a coating (35) from a Bindemitte! having.

5. Shaped body according to claim 4, characterized in that the binder consists of cement paste and in a particular thin layer is fully or partially applied.

6. Shaped body according to claim 4, characterized in that the binder contains milled insulation fibers, preferably up to 20% by mass, in particular up to 8% by mass of the binder.

7. Shaped body according to claim 4, characterized in that the binder of water glass, phosphate binder, phosphate cement as a mixture of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and / or organically modi¬ fied silanes, which is preferably provided as a coating in a carbon-containing fraction of Hochtemperaturkoks, petroleum coke, pitch coke and / or graphite.

8. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') as a load-bearing and / or temperaturbeständi¬ gene sheath (4) for receiving a filling (12) is formed.

9. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) has a receiving space (5) with a volume which is greater than the volume of the filling (12), which comprises the carbon-containing fraction, wherein the volume ratio of a

Proportion of contained in the carbonaceous fraction, is dependent on heating volatile components.

10. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the filling (12) in briquetted form or as a bed in the sheath (4) is arranged.

11. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) at least in some areas a Luftdurchlässig¬ speed for the controlled degassing of the filling (12).

12. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) consists of a rock fraction, in particular for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials made of mineral fibers, preferably rockwool, ge suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials, which are bound by hydraulic binders.

13. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) has an outer circumferential surface on which a, in particular fine-grained rocks and / or mineral fibers having coating layer of hydraulic binders is arranged.

14. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) has an opening which is closable with a lid (11).

15. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheathing (4) consists of haufwerkporigem mortar and / or concrete with aggregates of rocks, slags and / or mineral fibers, where the aggregates are bound with hydraulically hardening binders, in particular with Portland cement ,

16. Shaped body according to claim 15, characterized in that the hydraulically hardening binders are partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latent hydraulic secondary raw materials or by latently hydraulic pozzolans, tuffs with stimulators, in particular free lime ent holding materials, such as potassium hydroxide or cement.

17. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) have a length and a diameter whose ratio to each other 1: 1, preferably 1, 2: 1 to 2.5: 1.

18. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ¹ ) and / or the sheath (4) has a center of gravity which is arranged eccentrically on the longitudinal axis.

19. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the cover (11), which preferably consists of a material which conforms to the material of the sheath (4), is pressed with the same after the filling (12) has been filled in.

20. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath (4) has a recess (14) which serves to receive the lid (11).

21. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the cover (11) has at least one predetermined breaking point at which the lid (11) breaks at a certain pressure.

22. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) has at least two chambers for receiving different fillings (12).

23. Shaped body according to claim 22, characterized in that the chambers are separated by a wall (15) of ground mineral fibers and / or with the material of the sheath (4) matching cement-bonded molding compounds.

24. Shaped body according to claim 22, characterized the chambers are subdivided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the casing (4).

25. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) is divided by parallel to the longitudinal axis extending partitions (18) into individual chambers

26. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheath (4) in the region of a wall has a perforated disc or at least one opening (19) can escape via the volatile constituents.

27. Shaped body according to claim 1 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) are rotationally symmetrical.

28. Shaped body according to one of claims 1, 2 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) has a cylindrical or prism-shaped cross-section.

29. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) has a curved to hemispherical end face

30. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3, 8 and / or 29, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) has in particular a face surface arranged opposite the footprint.

31. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) has the shape of a rhombic Disphenoiden.

32. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the shaped brick (V) has a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction, wherein the carbon-containing fraction has a maximum grain size of 50 mm, wherein at least 50 mass % of the carbonaceous fraction having a particle size ≤ 25 mm, so that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer Be¬ constituents with a particle size ≤ 25 mm fill the gaps and wherein the carbon-containing fraction and the binder has a packing density> 1,250 kg / m ³ .

33. Shaped body according to claim 32, characterized in that the carbonaceous fraction is formed fine-grained and consists of coke, graphite and / or carbonaceous compounds, in particular feuerfes¬ th outbreaks or anodic liners of melting furnaces and / or preferably spent electrode material.

34. Shaped body according to claim 32, characterized in that the binder is thermally stable and preferably from Portland cement, Portlandölschieferzement, Tonerdeschmelzzement and / or latenthydraulischen substances with exciters, especially free lime-containing substances, such as carbohydrate or cement.

35. Molding according to claim 32, characterized in that the carbon-containing fraction and / or the binder are redispersible wetting agents, for example surface-active substances and / or adhesives. having intermediary and / or strength-enhancing redispersible plastics, such as acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or copolymers.

36. Shaped body according to claim 32, characterized in that the carbon-containing fraction is bonded with 12 to 30% by mass, in particular with 15 to 25% by mass of binder.

37. Shaped body according to claim 32, characterized in that in addition to the carbonaceous fraction and the binder a Stütz¬ grain having a particle size of less than 25 mm, in particular less than 10 mm in a proportion of less than 30% by mass is.

38. Shaped body according to claim 37, characterized in that the supporting grain consists of for the production of a minerals to be fibrillated melt for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, ins¬ particular rockwool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials.

39. Shaped body according to claim 32, characterized in that the carbon-containing fraction consists of a proportion of less than 30% by mass of coke and the further of foundry coke and / or graphite, wherein the supporting framework of solid and dense Hochtemperatur¬ coke and / or graphite is formed, which is preferably supplemented by Stützkom for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials made of mineral fibers, especially rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials.

40. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of molded blocks (1 ') of identical or different shape satellite arranged around a central shaped stone (1 ') and connected to the central molded block (1').

41. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the shaped brick (1 ') and / or the casing (4) in its outer surface (32) open on one side gas guide channels (33) and / or grooves (37).

42. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 3 and / or 8, characterized in that the molded block (1 ') and / or the sheath (4) has bores (34), the two ends are open and oppositely arranged surfaces

(32) connect.