WO2006025747A1 - Utilisation d’une préparation comprenant un acide et un lignosulphonate en tant qu’additif de déchets - Google Patents

Utilisation d’une préparation comprenant un acide et un lignosulphonate en tant qu’additif de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006025747A1
WO2006025747A1 PCT/NO2005/000315 NO2005000315W WO2006025747A1 WO 2006025747 A1 WO2006025747 A1 WO 2006025747A1 NO 2005000315 W NO2005000315 W NO 2005000315W WO 2006025747 A1 WO2006025747 A1 WO 2006025747A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
litter
acid
composition
day
lignosulphonate
Prior art date
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PCT/NO2005/000315
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English (en)
Inventor
Magne Skjervhem
Tom Stylo
Gudbrand RØDSRUD
Guro Elise Fredheim
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Borregaard Industries Limited
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Publication of WO2006025747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006025747A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

Definitions

  • composition comprising acid and lingosulphonate for addition to litter
  • the present application relates to a composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate for addition to litter where the composition reduces the amount of unfavorable bacteria and mould in the litter.
  • the application relates to the use of a composition comprising acid and lingo ⁇ sulphonate for addition to litter, exemplified by the breeding of birds, especially chicken, turkey and ostrich. Addition of this composition to the litter alters the bacterial flora and the content of mould both in the litter and in the intestinal bacterial flora of the animals in a positive manner, and thereby affects the health of the animals in a favorable way.
  • the composition acts as a binder of dust in litter, and thus reduces free dust. Use of the composition also reduces the evaporation of acid from the litter.
  • Litter is used as support for animals, both pets and breeding animals, which are accommondated in cages, pens and larger enclosures. Litter exists in several grades and is fabricated from different materials such as straw, hay, wood chips, sawdust, resirculated paper, treated resirculated paper, sand, mineral particles and turf. Litter made from most of the materials mentioned above, is presently in use.
  • Litter is, among other things, used as support for chickens, and in Norway only, there were in 1995 produced 22.7 millions chickens. Chickens are fed in large rooms where they walk freely on litter. Modern broiler species obtain a very rapid daily weight gain, and the chickens reach optimal slaughtered weight (approximately 0.9 kg sloughed) in 32-34 days.
  • Campylobacter is also often present in Norwegian carcasses. These bacteria usually play a more important role in human health than in poultry.
  • the high density of animals implies that bacteria and diseases are easily transferred from one individual to another.
  • AGMs antibiotic growth promoters
  • AGMs antibiotic growth promoters
  • AGMs are antibiotics added to animal feed at subtherapeutic levels to increase growth, improve feed efficiency and decrease the incidence of diseases.
  • the use of antibiotics over time, both within human and veterinary medicine, has caused a large pressure on the microflora with consequent appearance of resistance to these antibiotics among pathogenic bacteria. This has resulted in banning and/or regulation of the use of AGMs in several countries and also increased interest in ecological animal husbandry.
  • One example is the feed antibiotic avoparcin, which was frequently used in the past, but the use of this agent is now prohibited in Norway.
  • a well-established normal intestinal flora competes with pathogens and hence decreases the risk of salmonellosis, C. perfringens-associated lesions, campylobacteriosis or colibacillosis.
  • litter is a potential reservoir and transmission vehicle for pathogens and potential pathogens.
  • the normal intestinal flora of chickens comprises Lactobacillus species, Enterococcus spp., E. coll and C. perfringens.
  • Litter is important, both as a factor for fostering and as a infection vector for animals kept together in breeding farms, and also during feeding of chickens.
  • the litter quality is varying widely.
  • the pH in dry litter is approximately 4.4-5.2, while the pH in raw litter is 5.5-6.2.
  • Dry litter is defined as litter with a moisture content of less than 20%.
  • Raw litter may exhibit a moisture content exceeding 100% when calculated on the basis of dry weight.
  • Litter can absorb water equivalent to 2.5-5.3 times its own weight depending on humidity and structure. Dry litter is practically sterile and displays antibacterial effect towards several bacteria, while raw litter, on the contrary, has substantial growth of bacteria and often fungus, and stimulates the growth of bacteria.
  • the litter in the chicken houses normally becomes moist due to the droppings of the animals, however, the degree of moisture will vary depending on environmental control and animal density.
  • the chickens may, in worst case, suffer from abscesses and wounds on their feet ("hock burns") due to the wet litter.
  • a composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate can be used as additive to litter to alter the bacterial flora, both in the litter and in the intestinal flora of the animals, in a positive manner.
  • a composition comprising acid and lingosulphonate can be added to litter which is utilized for the breeding of animals, both pets and breeding ani ⁇ mals, which are kept in cages, pens and larger enclosures.
  • the use of the above mentioned composition has proved to have a positive effect on the normal bacterial flora of the chickens and thereby also on their state of health.
  • compositions comprising acid and lignosulphonate were first described in Norwegian Patent No. 308983, granted on November 27, 2000, to Borregaard Industries Ltd.
  • the composition is there described as a growth enhancing additive to compound feed containing an organic or inor ⁇ ganic acid, or salts thereof, with a beneficial effect on the treatment of compound feed, added a spent sulphite liquor from an acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking, wherein the spent sulphite liquor has a pH in the range of 1 to 10, and the base used to produce the spent sulphite liquor is calcium, sodium, ammonium or magnesium, and the additive contains the organic or inorganic acid, or salts thereof, in an amount ranging from 10-90 percentage by weight, and the spent sulphite liquor from an acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking in an amount ranging from 10-90 percentage weight, wherein the acid and the acidic or neutral cellulose spent sulphite liquor is optionally adsorbed on a suitable carrier in order to obtain
  • organic or inorganic acids with a beneficial effect on the treatment of compound feed described in the above mentioned patent are formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof.
  • the salts of these acids are ammonium, alkali, and/or earth alkali metal salts, especially NH 4 -, Na-, Ca- or Mg-.
  • spent sulphite liquor from an acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking is meant the spent sulphite liquor produced by treating timber with an aqueous liquid to which has been added sulphur dioxide and the aforementioned cations ammonia, sodium, calcium or magnesium.
  • the main ingredient in the resulting spent sulphite liquor, after the separating out of cellulose, is lignosulphate.
  • mono or polymer sugars and inorganic salts there are amongst others, mono or polymer sugars and inorganic salts .
  • composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate for addition to litter encompasses more specifically an organic or inorganic acid, or salts thereof, added a spent sulphite liquor from an acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking, in which the spent sulphite liquor has a pH value in the range of 1 to 10 and the base used to produce the spent sulphite liquor is calcium, sodium, ammonium or magnesium, and the additive contains the organic or inorganic acid, or salts thereof, in an amount ranging from 1-99 percentage weight and the spent sulphite liquor from an acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking in an amount ranging from 1-99 percentage weight, where the acid and the acidic or neutral cellulose sulphite cooking optionally is adsorbed onto a suitable carrier to obtain a dry composition.
  • the beneficially influencing acids are formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, or mixtures thereof.
  • the salts are as mentioned above.
  • composition may for example comprise:
  • Lignosulphonate concentrate 40-60% (w/w)
  • Lignosulphonate concentrate 40-60% (w/w)
  • composition is sprayed onto the application area with for example a manually driven spray apparatus or a tractor spray apparatus .
  • composition is mixed with litter prior to delivery to the application area or optionally before or after packaging.
  • recommended amount added to the litter is in the range of 1-20% and will depend upon the acid binding capacity of the litter.
  • the pH in the litter can be used as an indicator to ensure that a proper dosing is added.
  • composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate on C. perfringens and E. coli in litter for breeding of chickens
  • the experiment was conducted at Samvirkekylling in a room with 12 pens each containing 120 animals with 4 pens per segment. Standard feed without coccidiostatics was employed. There was no floor heating, and the exchange of air was reduced by about 50%.
  • the composition (as given in Example 1) was added to the litter in such a way that the pH was reduced to 3. The pen was sprayed with a manually driven spray.
  • the litter compositions were as follows: Product Raw litter Litter x Dry Litter x Dry wood chips + wood chips + Acid product Acid product
  • the litter in segment I had a moisture content just above 100%, while the litter in segments II and III had a moisture content of about 7%.
  • the moisture content of the litter in segment I was reduced to 23%.
  • the difference in moisture content between the litters was balanced on day 6 and was at that time about 13%.
  • the moisture content increased continuously during the experiment in all the litters to approximately 40% on day 32.
  • Broiler litter from a commercial poultry house was treated with a composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate [as given in Example 1] , while an untreated house from the same site served as control.
  • Pine wood chips litter was obtained from a breeder house (20 weeks) located at North Carolina State University's Lake Wheeler Road Poultry Research Farm. The litter was initially sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 90 min. to eliminate the background microflora before inoculation with the Salmonella cocktail and initiation of the dose response study. The dried litter matter content was determined by drying 2.5 g litter samples for 15 hours in a forced air drying oven. The average dried litter dry weight was 84.57%.
  • Ave ⁇ rage total aerobes for treated and control houses were 9.86 and 9.84, while average lactic acid bacteria for treated and control houses were 8.77 and 9.07 log CFU per gram, respectively.
  • Mean Salmonella populations for the treated and untreated houses were 2.39 and 4.83 log CFU per gram, respectively.
  • slight reductions in litter pH values (rang of 0.6 to 0.96 pH units) were observed in the treated samples.
  • Salmonella populations were significantly reduced (day 1 - 1.4 to 1.8; day 3 - 1.1 to 1.2; day 7 - 0.4 to 1.0 log reduction) as treatment concentrations increased.
  • the findings indicate that significant reductions in Sa- lmonella populations present in poultry litter can be achieved by the use of a composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate.
  • the object of the experiment was to quantitatively estimate the effect of treatment with a composition comprising acid and lignosulphonate of broiler litter on enhancing the litter microflora by reducing bacterial pathogens ⁇ Salmonella) and increasing potential beneficial microorganisms (i.e., lactic acid bacteria) .
  • the total number of mesophilic aerobes, lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella spp. populations were estimated for litter samples treated with acid and lignosulphonate in comparison to untreated control samples.
  • the litter samples were collected on day 0 (post treatment application) and after 7, 21 and 48 days post treatment.
  • Aerobic plate counts indicate the total mesophilic bacterial population in a sample.
  • Ten (10) g of each litter sample per house were placed into a sterile filter bag containing 90 ml PW (0.1% peptone water) .
  • the bags were mixed for one minute, serially diluted in PW, and appropriate dilutions were placed on the surface of BHI (brain heart infusion) agar plates using a spiral plate method (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990. Official methods for Analysis, 15 th edition, AOAC, Arling ⁇ ton, VA.) .
  • After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C colonies were enumerated using a Protocol automatic colony counting system (Software Version 2.06.07, Synbiosis, Cambridge, UK) .
  • the minimum detection limit for this method was 1 log/g of litter (10 organisms) .
  • the sample was serially diluted in BPW as needed (ICT 1 to 10 ⁇ 6 ) and then 1 ml of each sample was transferred in triplicates to 9 ml BPW tubes, incubated at 37°C for 18 to 24 hours and then 0.1 ml of the appropriate dilutions of each tube transferred to triplicate 10 ml tubes of Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) broth (Difco) used for selective enrichment. All RV broth tubes were then incubated at 42 0 C for 24 hours. Following incubation, one loopful from each tube was streaked onto MLIA (modified lysine iron agar, selective medium for Salmonella) and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours.
  • RV Vassiliadis
  • MRS agar developed by deMan and Rogosa, is a selective medium for the cultivation and enumeration of lactobacilli.
  • the plates were placed in plastic bags, flushed for 1 minute with CO 2 , and then the bag sealed. After incubation for 48 hours at 37°C, the colonies were enumerated using the Protocol automatic colony counting system (Software Version 2.06.07, Synbiosis, Cambridge, UK) . The minimum detection limit for this method was 1 log or 10 organisms per gram of litter.
  • the treated litter samples had pH values of 6.69, 6.25, 7.43 and 7.44 for the 0, 7, 21 and 48 day samples, respectively.
  • the pH values were 7.16, 6.86, 8.58 and 8.76 over the same time periods, respectively.
  • the average pH over the four sampling times was 6.95 and 7.84 for treated and control samples, respectively. pH differences between untreated and treated litter were 0.47 pH units on day 0 and 1.32 pH units on day 48. Litter moisture values also varied between treated and control samples.
  • moisture levels were 24.8, 12.7, 15.6 and 16.3 % for the 0, 7, 21, and 48 day samples, respectively.
  • the moisture levels were 25.5, 21.5, 18.4 and 17.9 % over the same time periods, respectively.
  • the average moisture level over the four sampling times was 17.4 and 20.8 % for treated and control samples, respectively. It appears that the treatment with the composition may- contribute to the reduction of moisture content in the litter. This lower moisture content could influence microbial populations, especially if the environmental 5 conditions are more stressful on the organisms.
  • the total mesophilic, lactic acid bacteria, and Salmonella spp. litter populations are summarized in Table 3.
  • the o total mesophilic bacteria populations in the treated litter samples were log 9.87, 8.55, 10.92 and 10.10 CFU/g (colony forming units) for the 0, 7, 21 and 48 day samples, respectively.
  • the mesophilic populations in the control samples were log 8.15, 10.25, 11.04 and 9.94 s CFU/g for the same time periods.
  • the overall mean mesophilic populations across all sampling times were log 9.86 and log 9.84 CFU/g for treated and untreated (control) samples, respectively.
  • Lactic acid bacterial populations in treated litter were 7.98, 8.81, 5 9.98 and 8.32 CFU/g over the four sampling times, respectively.
  • the lactic acid bacterial populations of the control samples were log 8.35, 9.87, 9.60 and 8.47 CFU/g, respectively.
  • the mean lactic acid bacterial populations were log 8.77 and log 9.07 CFU/g for 0 the treated and control litters, respectively. The treatment with the composition did not appear to have any consistent effect on this group of organisms.
  • Salmonella populations of the treated litter were log ⁇ 1, 2.93, 4.63 5 and 1 MPN/g for the four sampling times.
  • Salmonella populations for the control litter were log 3.41, 5.80, 6.08 and 4.03 MPN/g, respectively.
  • the mean Salmonella populations across all sampling times were log ⁇ 2.39 and log 4.83 MPN/g for the treated and control samples, respectively. The significant population differences detected between these two treatments ranged from 1.45 logs at day 21 to 3.03 logs at day 48.
  • the litter was wood chips from dry pinewood (control) or litter treated with a mixture of sodium lignosulphonate, formic acid and propionic acid (acidified litter) .
  • the added mixture constituted 7% of the litter weight and was sprayed onto the litter in the pens.
  • the chickens had ad libitum access to water and feed, which did not contain antibiotics or coccidiostatics.
  • the feed was designed based on a necrotic enteritis disease model developed at The National Veterinary Institute in Oslo, Norway (M. Kaldhusdal, unpublished) to induce C perfringens associated enteritis and hepatitis (CPEHj . C. perfringens (100-500 CFU/g) was detected in the starter feed.
  • Intestinal sampling and processing At 18-, 21-, 25-, 29-, and 32 days of age, five animals from each pen were randomly selected for sampling.
  • the chickens were made unconscious by a blow to the head and then killed by cervical dislocation.
  • the alimentary tract was dissected and intestinal contents collected from an approximately 30 cm long segment of the lower ileum, measured from the vitelline diverticulum and the caeca (one of the horns) into plastic 50 ml Falcon tubes (Corning Incorporated, NY, USA) , which were kept on ice until inoculation and incubation. If the chosen section from the lower ileum was empty or contained little material, the contents of the next 30 cm of the lower ileum was collected.
  • the samples were processed within 10-60 minutes after collection. They were weighed and serially diluted in 0.9% saline, and 0.1 ml of each sample was plated on selective media.
  • Lactobacillus spp. was grown on Rogosa agar (MERCK 5413) anaerobically at 37 0 C during 48 hours. These were enumerated by counting as white colonies.
  • Enterococcus spp. was grown on 5% blood agar (MERCK 10886) aerobically at 37°C during 24 hours. The colonies were small (1 mm 0) and presented an ⁇ -haemolysis. E. coli was grown on MacConcey agar (MERCK 5465) aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. These were typical lactose-fermenting colonies.
  • the macroscopic image of the colonies of the bacteria was confirmed by the microscopic image of the bacteria after Gram staining.
  • Litter sampling and processing Litter samples were collected from all the pens on day 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, 28 and 32 to measure their humidity, bacterial counts and pH.
  • C. perfringens was isolated on TSC agar for C. perfringens (OXOID CM587 with the addition of SR88 and SR47) after an incubation time of 24 hours in an anaerobic atmosphere at 37 0 C. The colonies were black with an opaque halo indicating lecithinase reaction.
  • E. coli was isolated on MacConkey agar (Difco 0075-17) after an incubation time of 24 hours in an aerobic atmosphere at 37°C. Performance: Feed consumption and body weight was recorded penwise on day 32.
  • Lactobacillus spp. The counts increased with time in both groups.
  • the acidified group had overall significantly lower counts (p ⁇ 0.01) .
  • Lactobacillus spp. The counts increased with time in both treatment groups.
  • the acidified group has overall significantly higher (p ⁇ 0.05) counts, but only on day 18 there is a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05) between the two groups with a mean of 7.54 for the acidified group and 7.12 for the control group.
  • Humidity The humidity increased in both litters and drops down at the end for the acidified litter. There is not a significant difference between the litters.
  • FCR (kg feed 1.82 (0.09) 1.78 (0. 03) 0 .15 intake/kg gain Mortality and discarding.
  • the mortality during the entire growth period was 18 animals (2.1%) in the control group and 21 animals (2.4%) in the acidified group.
  • the mortality rate and discarding at slaughter was low in both groups, indicating that the chickens in the study had good health despite the alteration in the intestinal flora and the necrotic enteritis (NE) disease model applied.
  • NE necrotic enteritis
  • composition was assessed as a binder of dust in straw. Reduction of the amount of dust and free particles will also reduce the amount of infection vectors inhaled by the animals.
  • composition consisted of calcium lignosulphonate (33.5%), propionic acid (8.2%) and Span 20 -sorbitane fatty acid ester (0.01%) .
  • Straw was chopped, squeezed through a conveyer screw and sprinkled through a cyclone equipped with three x two nozzles (nozzles on two levels) where the composition was added (20%, w/w) .
  • Six (6) straw samples were collected and forwarded to the Arbeidsmilj ⁇ instituttet (AMI), Copenhagen, for analyses and calculations. The samples were stored in the same room as the test plant until the time of testing.
  • the plastic bag containing the straw contents was weighed, the contents placed in the drum and then the bag was weighed again to determine the total weight of straw in the drum.
  • the rotational speed of the drum was 7 rotations per min (rpm) .
  • the duration of test period was 5 min and the collected dust on the filters represents the entire test period.

Abstract

La présente application a pour objet l’utilisation d’une préparation comprenant un acide et un lignosulphonate destinée à être ajoutée à des déchets. L'addition de ladite préparation réduit la quantité de bactéries nuisibles et de moisissures dans les déchets, et peut éventuellement réduire la quantité de poussière générée par les déchets, ainsi que l'évaporation d’acide.
PCT/NO2005/000315 2004-08-31 2005-08-31 Utilisation d’une préparation comprenant un acide et un lignosulphonate en tant qu’additif de déchets WO2006025747A1 (fr)

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NO20043652 2004-08-31
NO20043652A NO20043652L (no) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Anvendelse av en sammensetning omfattende syre og lignosulfonat for tilsetning til stro

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010020051A1 (fr) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Les Luzernes Belcan Du Lac-St-Jean Inc. Compositions de matières répulsives à base de matière végétale absorbante et d'au moins un acide, méthodes de préparation et utilisations
EP2209388A1 (fr) * 2007-09-19 2010-07-28 Borregaard Industries Ltd. Antioxydant sacrificiel
WO2013086611A1 (fr) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Earth Alive Clean Technologies Inc. Suppresseur de poussière comprenant des microbes
CN104139438A (zh) * 2014-06-21 2014-11-12 安徽省蓼源贸易有限责任公司 一种秸秆编织材料增韧阻燃用浸泡液及其使用方法
WO2017087234A1 (fr) * 2015-11-18 2017-05-26 Empire Technology Development Llc Méthodes et compositions destinées au traitement et à la prévention de la formation de daggins
CN108908609A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2018-11-30 南京林业大学 一种斑竹及其制备方法
JP2020120654A (ja) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-13 黒崎白土工業株式会社 ペット用排尿処理材
DE102020102458B4 (de) 2019-01-31 2023-07-20 RRNO-Research GmbH Verfahren zur Behandlung eines faserhaltigen Stoffs mit einem Staubbindemittel sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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WO1999045782A1 (fr) * 1998-03-12 1999-09-16 Earth Alive Resources Inc. Methode de traitement du sol pour eliminer des agents pathogenes terricoles des plantes

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GARRIDO M.N. ET AL: "Acidified Litter Benefits the Intestinal Flora Balance of Broiler Chickens", APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 70, no. 9, September 2004 (2004-09-01), pages 5208 - 5213, XP002993849 *
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2209388A1 (fr) * 2007-09-19 2010-07-28 Borregaard Industries Ltd. Antioxydant sacrificiel
EP2209388A4 (fr) * 2007-09-19 2012-09-26 Borregaard As Antioxydant sacrificiel
WO2010020051A1 (fr) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Les Luzernes Belcan Du Lac-St-Jean Inc. Compositions de matières répulsives à base de matière végétale absorbante et d'au moins un acide, méthodes de préparation et utilisations
WO2013086611A1 (fr) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Earth Alive Clean Technologies Inc. Suppresseur de poussière comprenant des microbes
CN104139438A (zh) * 2014-06-21 2014-11-12 安徽省蓼源贸易有限责任公司 一种秸秆编织材料增韧阻燃用浸泡液及其使用方法
WO2017087234A1 (fr) * 2015-11-18 2017-05-26 Empire Technology Development Llc Méthodes et compositions destinées au traitement et à la prévention de la formation de daggins
CN108908609A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2018-11-30 南京林业大学 一种斑竹及其制备方法
JP2020120654A (ja) * 2019-01-30 2020-08-13 黒崎白土工業株式会社 ペット用排尿処理材
JP7068358B2 (ja) 2019-01-30 2022-05-16 黒崎白土工業株式会社 ペット用排尿処理材
DE102020102458B4 (de) 2019-01-31 2023-07-20 RRNO-Research GmbH Verfahren zur Behandlung eines faserhaltigen Stoffs mit einem Staubbindemittel sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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NO20043652L (no) 2006-03-01

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