WO2006025413A1 - 不揮発性相変化磁性材料、その製造方法及びそれを用いた不揮発性相変化磁気メモリ - Google Patents
不揮発性相変化磁性材料、その製造方法及びそれを用いた不揮発性相変化磁気メモリ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006025413A1 WO2006025413A1 PCT/JP2005/015808 JP2005015808W WO2006025413A1 WO 2006025413 A1 WO2006025413 A1 WO 2006025413A1 JP 2005015808 W JP2005015808 W JP 2005015808W WO 2006025413 A1 WO2006025413 A1 WO 2006025413A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/18—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/12—Sulfides
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- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
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- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/10502—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing characterised by the transducing operation to be executed
- G11B11/10504—Recording
- G11B11/10506—Recording by modulating only the light beam of the transducer
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- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
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- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/10502—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing characterised by the transducing operation to be executed
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- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/10582—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form
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- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
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- G11B11/10582—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form
- G11B11/10584—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form characterised by the form, e.g. comprising mechanical protection elements
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- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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- G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
- G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
- G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
- G11B11/10582—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form
- G11B11/10586—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material or by the structure or form characterised by the selection of the material
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- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/02—Recording, reproducing, or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
- G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
- G11B5/706—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material
- G11B5/70626—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the composition of the magnetic material containing non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/22—Heat treatment; Thermal decomposition; Chemical vapour deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/42—(bi)pyramid-like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
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- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
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- G11B2005/0002—Special dispositions or recording techniques
- G11B2005/0005—Arrangements, methods or circuits
- G11B2005/0021—Thermally assisted recording using an auxiliary energy source for heating the recording layer locally to assist the magnetization reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/08—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers
- H01F10/10—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition
- H01F10/12—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys
- H01F10/14—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure characterised by magnetic layers characterised by the composition being metals or alloys containing iron or nickel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/11—Magnetic recording head
- Y10T428/115—Magnetic layer composition
Definitions
- Nonvolatile phase change magnetic material manufacturing method thereof, and nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory using the same
- the present invention relates to a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material based on a novel phenomenon, a manufacturing method thereof, and a nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory using the same.
- the conventional magnetic recording method on a magnetic tape nanodisk uses several magnetic particles as a storage area, the recording density is limited by the size of the magnetic fine particles. There is a limit to the miniaturization of magnetic fine particles, and it is difficult to improve the recording density beyond the present level.
- the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material is not limited to memory applications, and can be used, for example, as a material for forming a magnetic latent image in a copying machine using a magnetic toner as an ink.
- a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material is applied to the drum surface, and a laser beam is irradiated on the drum surface to form a magnetic latent image by a nonvolatile phase change, and magnetic toner is attached to the magnetic latent image.
- a ferromagnetic film is used as a magnetic latent image material for magnetic recording, and a magnetic latent image is formed by magnetizing the ferromagnetic film with a magnetic head.
- the recording density depends on the size of the magnetic fine particles. However, the resolution of images is approaching the limit, and there is a need for magnetic materials that can record higher-definition images.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Masumi Harada "All about New Digital Image Technology” Published by Denpa Shimbun, Inc. 200 October 31, 2001, first print, page 163
- Non-Patent Document 2 by Masumi Harada "All about New Digital Image Technology” Published by Denpa Shimbun 200 October 31, 1st 1st page, page 166
- Non-Patent Literature 3 Atsushi Okazaki.fhe superstructure of Iron Seienide Fe7 Se8 "Journal of the Physical Society of Japan vol. 1, No. 6, pl l62 (1961)
- the present inventors reversibly change the substance in a crystal of a transition metal chalcogenide compound having a composition lacking a transition metal from the stoichiometric composition depending on the type of temperature history applied to the substance.
- the present inventors have found a phenomenon that can be formed in both a ferromagnetic phase and an antiferromagnetic phase, and have reached the present invention.
- the present inventors can improve cost, life, energy consumption and recording density as compared with, for example, current optical disks and hard disks, and higher definition. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material capable of producing a magnetic latent image, a method for producing the same, and a nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory using the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material.
- the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention is a crystal of a transition metal chalcogenide compound having a composition lacking a transition metal from the stoichiometric composition, Is represented by AX (where A is a transition metal element, X is a chalcogen element, and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
- the spin of the transition metal atom is ferromagnetically coupled in the crystal c plane, and is antiferromagnetically coupled between the c planes, and
- the vacancies that are defects of the transition metal have a regular structure in which the c-plane where the vacancies exist and the C-plane where the vacancies do not exist are alternately stacked, and the entire crystal is ferromagnetic. Magnetic properties.
- the regular structure of the vacancy distribution becomes an irregular structure in which the vacancies are irregularly distributed on all c-planes. It changes to show antiferromagnetic magnetic properties as a whole crystal.
- the irregular structure of the pore distribution returns to the ordered structure of the pore distribution by applying the second temperature history.
- the entire crystal exhibits ferromagnetic magnetic properties.
- the first temperature history is a temperature history of heating to a temperature at which the regular structure of the pore distribution disappears and quenching.
- One of the second temperature histories may be a temperature history in which vacancies are diffused and heated to a temperature at which the regular structure of the vacancy distribution is maintained, and rapidly or slowly cooled.
- Another one of the second temperature history may be a temperature history of heating to a temperature at which the regular structure of the pore distribution disappears and slow cooling.
- compositional formula of the transition metal chalcogenide compound crystal is Fe S, provided that 0.875 ⁇ y
- ⁇ 0.9 is preferably a crystal of a transition metal chalcogenide compound represented by
- the method for producing a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention includes a vapor phase growth method, a vapor phase deposition method, It is manufactured by depositing a transition metal and a chalcogen element at a predetermined ratio on a substrate heated to a predetermined temperature by sputtering.
- the transition metal powder and the chalcogen element powder are mixed at a predetermined ratio, the mixed powder is heated at a predetermined temperature to form a sintered body, and the sintered body is applied onto a substrate. It is characterized by
- the nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory of the present invention comprises a substrate and a nonvolatile semiconductor crystal mounted on the substrate and having a transition metal chalcogenide compound having a composition in which the transition metal is deficient from the stoichiometric composition. It is characterized by comprising a film of sex phase change magnetic material.
- the transition metal chalcogenide compound crystal film applies any one of the second temperature histories!
- the above-mentioned ferromagnetic phase film is formed by irradiating the minute portion of the ferromagnetic phase film with the laser light pulse that causes the first temperature history to form the minute portion in the antiferromagnetic phase.
- the magnetic field is erased and information is written, and a minute part of the film is irradiated with a laser beam, and the Kerr effect or the Faraday effect of the reflected light of the laser beam based on the magnetic field of the minute part is obtained.
- Detect and read the information or read the information by detecting the magnetization of the minute part by the magnetoresistive effect, and generate a laser light pulse that generates any of the second temperature history in the minute part of the film.
- the recorded information is erased by generating magnetism by irradiating and forming the minute part in the ferromagnetic phase.
- Another aspect of the nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory is an antiferromagnetic phase film in which the film made of the transition metal chalcogenide crystal is formed by applying the first temperature history. By irradiating a minute portion of the antiferromagnetic film with a laser beam pulse that generates one of the second temperature histories, the minute portion is formed in a ferromagnetic phase, thereby generating a magnetic field.
- Write information irradiate a minute part of the film with laser light, read the information by detecting the Kerr effect or Faraday effect of the reflected light of the laser light based on the magnetization of the minute part, or Information is read by detecting ⁇ by the magnetoresistive effect, and a minute portion of the film is irradiated with a laser light pulse that causes a first temperature history to form a tiny portion in the antiferromagnetic phase. Recorded information A feature that you clear the. [0018]
- the composition formula of the crystal of the transition metal chalcogenide compound is Fe S, provided that 0.875 ⁇ yy
- the memory of the present invention unlike a magneto-optical disk, a rare earth element is not required, so that the cost is low. In addition, the life is long because the composition is not complicated like the amorphous film of the magneto-optical disk. In addition, when recording, there is no need to restructure the entire crystal structure of the material in the recording area like an amorphous film of a magneto-optical disk, and it is only necessary to change the distribution of pores, so extremely low power consumption. It is.
- the magnetic field of the memory of the present invention depends on the arrangement state of the vacancies on the atomic scale, and in principle, writing and erasing can be performed even in a very small area of the basic lattice. Higher density recording is possible.
- the magnetic field application device required for the conventional magneto-optical disk is not required, the device configuration is simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties of a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 Temperature history applied to polycrystalline Fe S, a nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 Magnetic characteristics due to temperature history added to single crystal Fe S of nonvolatile magnetic material of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the magnetic properties after crystal growth of the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention, after heating to 400 ° C. and quenching, and after heating to 270 ° C. and quenching.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of the antiferromagnetic phase and ferromagnetic phase of the nonvolatile magnetic material of the present invention.
- Transition gold y whose composition formula is Fe S, which is the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a difference in magnetic properties depending on a composition ratio y of a genus chalcogenide compound crystal. Explanation of symbols [0021] 1 Transition metal chalcogenide
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties of the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- the figure shows the NiAs crystal structure of the transition metal chalcogenide crystal structure, where ⁇ (black circle) indicates the transition metal atom, and the arrow written over the ⁇ is localized on the transition metal atom. It represents the spin of transition metal atoms based on the spin of electrons, and ⁇ (white circle) represents vacancies in transition metal atoms.
- the parallelogram frame represents the c-plane perpendicular to the c-axis.
- the transition metal chalcogenide 1 is ferromagnetically coupled in the spin force crystal c-plane 3 of the transition metal atom 2 and antiferromagnetically coupled between the c-plane 3. Therefore, it shows antiferromagnetism when considered as a whole crystal. Transition metal chalcogenide 1 has the property that transition metal 2 is easily lost. In the present invention, a transition metal chalcogenide having a composition lacking transition metal 2 is used.
- Fig. 1 ( a ) shows the structure of a transition metal chalcogenide crystal with a composition lacking transition metal 2 grown under conditions close to thermal equilibrium. Transition metal vacancies are irregularly arranged when the amount of transition metal deficiency is very small.
- the transition metal atom 2 is not suitable for a composition with a large amount of transition metal deficit at a certain critical composition.
- the vacancies 4 generated at the position of (1) form a regular array (see Non-Patent Document 3).
- This regular arrangement of vacancies means that vacancies 4 occupy every other c-plane, and defect layer 5 in which vacancies 4 exist and filling layer 6 in which no vacancies intersect in the c-axis direction. It will be piled up.
- the defect layer 5 and the filling layer 6 are antiferromagnetic magnetic sublattices, and the vacancy 4 exists only in one of the antiferromagnetic magnetic sublattices. Will be.
- the arrangement state of the holes 4 since the magnitudes of the spontaneous magnetizations of the two antiferromagnetic sublattices 5 and 6 are different, spontaneous magnetization is exhibited.
- the arrangement state of the holes can be controlled by the temperature history.
- the transition metal chalcogenide 1 shown in Fig. 1 (a) in which the defect layer 5 with the vacancy 4 and the filling layer 6 without the vacancies are alternately stacked in the c-axis direction, is converted into the vacancy 4
- a transition metal chalcogenide 7 in which vacancies 4 are irregularly arranged is obtained as shown in FIG. 1 (b).
- the magnitudes of the spontaneous magnetic fields ⁇ of the two magnetic sublattices 5 and 6 are equal, so that they exhibit antiferromagnetism, and no spontaneous magnetic field ⁇ occurs even in the whole crystal. . Therefore, in the transition metal chalcogenide, two phases with different magnetism can be created separately by controlling the arrangement state of the vacancies by the temperature history.
- the memory of the present invention is characterized in that the above-described transition metal chalcogenide is mounted as a film on a substrate, and two operation modes described below are possible.
- the first mode of operation is heating to a temperature at which the regular structure of the pore distribution disappears and slow cooling, or heating to a temperature at which the pores can diffuse and the regular structure of the pore distribution is maintained.
- a film having a ferromagnetic phase by rapid cooling or gradual cooling is used, and a write operation is performed on a film having a ferromagnetic phase, for example, as used in a conventional magneto-optical disk.
- a reading laser beam is irradiated onto a minute part of the film, and the force effect of reflected light based on the magnetization of the minute part or the Faraday effect is obtained.
- Information is read by detection, or information is read by detecting a magnetic part of a minute part by a magnetoresistive effect.
- a laser light pulse is irradiated to a minute part of the film, so that holes can be diffused and voids can be diffused.
- spontaneous magnetization is generated by changing the minute portion into a ferromagnetic phase, and the recorded information is erased.
- the second operation mode uses a film that has been converted to an antiferromagnetic phase by heating and quenching to a temperature at which the ordered structure of the vacancy distribution disappears, and the write operation is performed in an antiferromagnetic phase.
- the film is heated to a temperature at which pores can be diffused by irradiating a minute portion of the film with laser light pulses, and rapidly or slowly cooled.
- a small portion is made a ferromagnetic phase to generate spontaneous magnetism and write information.
- a reading laser beam is irradiated onto a minute part of the film, and the force effect of reflected light based on the magnetization of the minute part or the Faraday effect is obtained.
- the ability to read information by detection, or the information is read by detecting the magnetic field of a minute part by the magnetoresistive effect.
- a single laser light pulse is irradiated to a minute part of the film, heated to a temperature at which the regular structure of the pore distribution disappears and rapidly cooled, thereby making the minute part antiferromagnetic.
- the spontaneous magnetic field is erased and the information is erased.
- the transition metal chalcogenide is produced by a conventionally known vapor deposition method such as CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, vapor deposition method such as electron beam evaporation or laser ablation method, or sputtering method. It can be produced by depositing a transition metal and a chalcogen element at a predetermined ratio on a substrate heated to a predetermined temperature.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- vapor deposition method such as electron beam evaporation or laser ablation method
- sputtering method sputtering method. It can be produced by depositing a transition metal and a chalcogen element at a predetermined ratio on a substrate heated to a predetermined temperature.
- transition metal powder and the chalcogen element powder are mixed at a predetermined ratio, and the mixed powder is heated at a predetermined temperature to form a sintered body. Both can also be manufactured by coating on a substrate.
- the nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory of the present invention a rare earth element is not required unlike a magneto-optical disk, so that the cost is low.
- the life is long because the composition is not complicated like the amorphous film of the magneto-optical disk.
- it is necessary to change the structure of the vacancies, which does not need to be amorphized by recombination of the entire crystal structure of the material in the recording area, such as the amorphous film of a magneto-optical disk. Not very low It is power consumption.
- transition metal chalcogenides depend on the arrangement of vacancies on the atomic scale, and in principle, writing and erasing are possible even in a very small area of the basic lattice. High-density recording is possible.
- the apparatus configuration becomes extremely simple.
- Single crystal Fe S was used as the transition metal chalcogenide.
- Single crystal Fe S is chemical vapor transport y y
- Fig. 2 shows the temperature load applied to the single-crystal Fe S which is the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows the temperature history, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the sample temperature.
- the straight line extending horizontally from time 0, indicated as 600 ° C corresponds to the time of crystal growth of the sample
- the subsequent negative gradient line indicates the slow cooling of the sample to room temperature after completion of crystal growth.
- the straight line represented by (1) on the time axis indicates the sample at room temperature after the completion of slow cooling
- the vertical line and the straight line labeled 400 ° C indicate that the sample is at a temperature at which the pore arrangement becomes irregular.
- the vertical straight line I indicates the rapid cooling from the temperature at which the vacancy arrangement of the sample becomes irregular to the room temperature, and the straight line represented by (2) on the time axis continues after the completion of the rapid cooling. Samples at room temperature are shown.
- the slow cooling rate was 600 ° C to room temperature at a slow cooling rate of 5 hours.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows the magnetization characteristics of the sample (1) after slow cooling and the sample (2) after rapid cooling.
- the horizontal axis indicates the magnetic field strength
- the vertical axis indicates the magnetization.
- FIG. 2 (c) is an enlarged view showing the magnetization characteristics near zero applied magnetic field strength.
- the applied magnetic field direction was the c-plane direction, and all measurements were performed at room temperature (300 K). From the figure, it can be seen that the sample of (2) shows a small magnetic field compared with the sample of (1). What should be noted here is that the sample (1) has hysteresis in the magnetic curve.
- Polycrystalline Fe S was used as the transition metal chalcogenide.
- Fe powder and S powder were used as the transition metal chalcogenide.
- the mixture was mixed at a ratio, sealed in a quartz tube, and heated to 900 ° C. to obtain a sintered body.
- Figure 3 shows the temperature history applied to polycrystalline Fe S, which is the nonvolatile magnetic material of the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows the temperature history, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the sample temperature.
- the straight line that extends horizontally from time 0, indicated as 900 ° C corresponds to the time when the sintered body was formed (sample synthesis), and the straight line with the negative slope that continued to the room temperature of the sintered body after the formation of the sintered body
- the straight line indicated by (1) on the time axis indicates the sample at room temperature after the completion of the slow cooling, and the vertical line and the straight line indicated at 400 ° C indicate that the pores are not aligned.
- the heating of the sample to a regular temperature is indicated, and the subsequent vertical straight line indicates the temperature force at which the arrangement of the sample vacancies is irregular, which indicates rapid cooling to room temperature, and is represented by (2) on the subsequent time axis.
- the straight line represents the sample at room temperature after completion of quenching.
- the slow cooling was performed from 900 ° C. to room temperature over 10 hours.
- FIG. 3 (b) is a diagram showing the magnetic properties of the sample (1) after slow cooling and the sample (2) after rapid cooling, where the horizontal axis shows the magnetic field strength and the vertical axis shows the magnetization.
- Figure 3 (c) is an enlarged view of the magnetization characteristics near the applied magnetic field strength of zero. All measurements were performed at room temperature (300K).
- the sample of (2) shows a small magnetic field compared to the sample of (1).
- the sample (1) shows hysteresis in the magnetic field curve and has a finite spontaneous magnetic field even in the zero magnetic field, whereas the sample (2) In other words, there is no hysteresis, and when the magnetic field becomes zero in a zero magnetic field, it is a failure. From this, it can be seen that it is possible to make a phase that shows spontaneous magnetization and a phase that does not show by the temperature history!
- Figure 4 shows the magnetic field based on the temperature history applied to the single crystal Fe S of the nonvolatile magnetic material of the present invention.
- Figure 4 (a) shows the temperature history, the horizontal axis shows time, and the vertical axis shows the temperature of the sample.
- the straight line that extends horizontally from time 0, indicated as 600 ° C corresponds to the time of crystal growth of the sample, and the straight line with a negative slope follows the first slow cooling of the sample to room temperature after crystal growth is completed.
- the straight line indicated by (1) on the time axis following I indicates the sample at room temperature after the completion of slow cooling, and the vertical line and the straight line indicated as 400 ° C are irregularly arranged in the pores.
- the first vertical heating of the sample to temperature is shown, and the subsequent vertical straight line indicates the rapid cooling from the temperature at which the sample vacancy arrangement becomes irregular to room temperature, and the straight line represented by (2) on the time axis is The sample at room temperature after quenching is complete, with the subsequent vertical line and a straight line labeled 400 ° C indicating the second sample heating to a temperature at which the vacancy alignment is irregular, followed by a negative slope
- the straight line shows the second slow cooling to room temperature, the temperature force at which the vacancy arrangement becomes irregular
- a straight line represented by (3) on the subsequent time axis indicates a sample at room temperature after completion second slow cooling.
- the sample was slowly cooled to room temperature after the completion of crystal growth as in FIG. 2, and the second annealing was performed from 400 ° C. to room temperature at a rate of 3 hours.
- Figure 4 (b) shows the magnetization characteristics of the sample after the first slow cooling (1), the first heating 'sample after quenching (2), and the second heating' sample after slow cooling (3).
- the horizontal axis indicates the magnetic field strength, and the vertical axis indicates the magnetization.
- the applied magnetic field direction is one direction in the c plane, and all measurements were performed at room temperature (300K).
- the force to return the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase by slow cooling from 400 ° C as shown in the following example, 270 ° C
- the antiferromagnetic phase can also be returned to the ferromagnetic phase by the temperature history of rapid heating and rapid cooling. If this temperature history is used, writing and erasing of the memory can be performed at a very high speed.
- the Fe S ferromagnetic phase single crystal sample was annealed from 400 ° C.
- a polycrystalline sample of 0.92 0.92 s ferromagnetic phase was prepared.
- the magnetization characteristics of these samples were measured after crystal growth, after heating to 400 ° C and quenching, and after heating to 270 ° C and quenching.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the magnetic properties after heating to 400 ° C. and quenching after crystal growth of the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention, and the magnetic properties after heating to 270 ° C. and quenching.
- (A) shows a single crystal sample and (b) shows a polycrystalline sample.
- (1) shows the magnetization characteristics after crystal growth, and (2) shows the magnetic properties after heating the crystal growth sample to 400 ° C and quenching.
- (3) shows the magnetization characteristics after heating to 400 ° C and quenching the sample to 270 ° C and quenching.
- the sample after crystal growth shows a ferromagnetic magnetic property with hysteresis regardless of single crystal or polycrystal, and after heating to 400 ° C and quenching, It shows antiferromagnetic properties, and it can be seen that when it is heated to 270 ° C and rapidly cooled, it returns to the ferromagnetic properties with the original hysteresis.
- phase change from the ferromagnetic phase to the antiferromagnetic phase and from the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase can be realized by heating to a predetermined temperature and rapidly cooling.
- a single crystal sample of Fe S is heated to 400 ° C and rapidly cooled to form an antiferromagnetic phase.
- the obtained sample was continuously heated to 400 ° C from room temperature, and the temperature dependence of magnetization was measured. Also The sample was heated to 400 ° C and slowly cooled to form a ferromagnetic phase, and the sample in this ferromagnetic phase was heated continuously to 400 ° C at room temperature to obtain the temperature dependence of magnetization. It was measured.
- the applied magnetic field during measurement is 100 gauss in the c-plane direction.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic phase and the magnetic phase of the ferromagnetic phase of the nonvolatile magnetic material of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 (b) is an enlarged view showing the change in the magnetic field of the antiferromagnetic phase in the vicinity of about 270 ° C (540K) in (a).
- the fact that the antiferromagnetic phase returns to the ferromagnetic phase is as follows.
- whether the vacancies are regularly arranged or irregularly arranged depends on the free energy of the vacancy distribution, and the entropy of the vacancy arrangement is larger in the irregular arrangement than in the regular arrangement, but the transition metal atoms
- the vacancies are separated from each other, i.e. every other c-plane, due to the repulsive force caused by the overlapping of electron orbits between them, the repulsive force between spins, or the Coulomb repulsive force based on the charge of the vacancies.
- the internal energy is much smaller in the regular array in which the holes are distributed.
- the free energy in the hole distribution is considered to be smaller in the regular array.
- the antiferromagnetic phase force can be returned to the ferromagnetic phase by heating to about 270 ° C and quenching.
- a temperature of 400 ° C. it is considered that the free energy of the vacancy distribution is such that the entropy term is dominant over the internal energy term, and an irregular arrangement with higher entropy is realized.
- the temperature of 400 ° C is considered to correspond to the temperature at which not only the ferromagnetic coupling in the crystal c-plane of the spin of transition metal atoms disappears but also the ordered structure of the vacancy distribution disappears.
- the above measurement was for a single crystal sample, but the same was true for a polycrystalline sample.
- composition formula of the crystal of the transition metal chalcogenide compound of the present invention will be described in the range of the composition ratio y in the case of FeS.
- the magnetic properties were measured by preparing the materials, and the magnetic properties after adding a temperature history of these samples to 400 ° C and quenching were measured.
- FIG. 7 shows the transition y represented by the composition formula Fe S, which is the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention.
- e shows magnetic properties of S. Note that the value of the vertical axis is 1 to make the magnetic properties of Fe S easier to see.
- Figure 7 (b) shows the magnetic properties of these samples after capturing the temperature history of heating to 400 ° C and quenching.
- (1) is Fe S and (2) «Fe S. ⁇ shows the characteristics.
- (1) and (2) are
- Each is a magnetization characteristic before adding a temperature history of heating to 400 ° C and quenching, and is described to clarify changes due to temperature history.
- composition ratio y needs to be smaller than 0.93.
- Fe S is a ferromagnetic phase due to the temperature history of heating to 400 ° C and quenching.
- the force Fe S can be seen to change to the antiferromagnetic phase.
- the transition metal chalcogenide composite in which the composition formula of the present invention is Fe S. It can be seen that the range of the composition ratio y of the physical crystals is 0.875 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.93.
- the nonvolatile phase change magnetic material of the present invention When used in, for example, a magnetic memory, it does not require a rare earth element as compared with a conventional magneto-optical disk, so that the cost is low, and the composition is similar to an amorphous film. Because it is complicated, it has a long life, and when recording, it changes the distribution of vacancies that do not need to be reformatted by recombination of the crystal structure of the entire material in the recording area like an amorphous film of a magneto-optical disk. Therefore, the power consumption of transition metal chalcogenides depends on the arrangement of vacancies on the atomic scale.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2006532739A JP4423647B2 (ja) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | 不揮発性相変化磁性材料、その製造方法及びそれを用いた不揮発性相変化磁気メモリ |
| US11/661,318 US8105704B2 (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | Nonvolatile phase change magnetic material, manufacturing method thereof, and nonvolatile phase change magnetic memory using the same |
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| JP2004-251051 | 2004-08-30 | ||
| JP2004251051 | 2004-08-30 |
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| WO2006025413A1 true WO2006025413A1 (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
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| PCT/JP2005/015808 Ceased WO2006025413A1 (ja) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | 不揮発性相変化磁性材料、その製造方法及びそれを用いた不揮発性相変化磁気メモリ |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8105704B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2006025413A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009514195A (ja) * | 2005-10-17 | 2009-04-02 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス,テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | 新規な相変化磁性材料 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4839516A (ja) * | 1971-09-20 | 1973-06-11 | ||
| JPS4873798A (ja) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-10-04 | ||
| JPH01232550A (ja) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-18 | Hitachi Ltd | 光ディスク用保護膜 |
| JPH06162563A (ja) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-06-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 情報記録用媒体 |
| JP2002255698A (ja) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-11 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 強磁性ii−vi族系化合物及びその強磁性特性の調整方法 |
| JP2004335623A (ja) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-25 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 遷移金属又は希土類金属を固溶する透明強磁性アルカリ・カルコゲナイド化合物及びその強磁性特性の調整方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5464523A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-11-07 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Sensors for sulfur activity measurements |
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2005
- 2005-08-30 US US11/661,318 patent/US8105704B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-30 WO PCT/JP2005/015808 patent/WO2006025413A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-08-30 JP JP2006532739A patent/JP4423647B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4839516A (ja) * | 1971-09-20 | 1973-06-11 | ||
| JPS4873798A (ja) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-10-04 | ||
| JPH01232550A (ja) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-18 | Hitachi Ltd | 光ディスク用保護膜 |
| JPH06162563A (ja) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-06-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 情報記録用媒体 |
| JP2002255698A (ja) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-11 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 強磁性ii−vi族系化合物及びその強磁性特性の調整方法 |
| JP2004335623A (ja) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-25 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 遷移金属又は希土類金属を固溶する透明強磁性アルカリ・カルコゲナイド化合物及びその強磁性特性の調整方法 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009514195A (ja) * | 2005-10-17 | 2009-04-02 | エージェンシー フォー サイエンス,テクノロジー アンド リサーチ | 新規な相変化磁性材料 |
| US8329319B2 (en) | 2005-10-17 | 2012-12-11 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Phase change magnetic material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4423647B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 |
| JPWO2006025413A1 (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
| US20080026257A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| US8105704B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
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