WO2006025392A1 - 移動ノードシミュレータおよびこれを実装するプログラム - Google Patents
移動ノードシミュレータおよびこれを実装するプログラム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006025392A1 WO2006025392A1 PCT/JP2005/015774 JP2005015774W WO2006025392A1 WO 2006025392 A1 WO2006025392 A1 WO 2006025392A1 JP 2005015774 W JP2005015774 W JP 2005015774W WO 2006025392 A1 WO2006025392 A1 WO 2006025392A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- simulator
- behavior
- network
- simulation
- mobile node
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile node simulator and a program for implementing the mobile node simulator.
- ns-2 provides an independent program that outputs a trace of behavior according to random mobility, random waypoint mobility (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- the commercial simulator QualNet (see Non-patent Document 3) ⁇ , group mobility ⁇ random waypoint mobility ⁇ Trace Provide mobility only, and GloMoSim (see Non-Patent Document 4) also supports them random drunken Mobility ⁇ ECRV mobility ⁇ reierence point group We are staying at support for mobility.
- the commercial simulator OPNET (see Non-Patent Document 5) is a wireless module provided as an extension module that allows the user to define the movement of mobile nodes on the ground or in the satellite in 3D space.
- the conventional mobile node simulator is specific to a specific action for a specific mobile node. For this reason, when developing a simulator having a new behavior model, it is necessary to construct the simulator from scratch every time it is developed, and enormous costs and time have been required.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a behavior simulator unit that simulates behavior of a plurality of mobile nodes according to a user-definable behavior model, a network topology including a plurality of mobile nodes, and a network. And a network simulator unit that simulates the plurality of communications, and a behavioral node unit and a network simulator unit that operate interactively, and a program that implements the mobile node simulator.
- Non-specific literature 1 http: z / www.isi.eduZ nsnam /
- Non-Patent Document 2 Tracy, T., Jeff, ⁇ ., Vanessa D., "A Surveyof Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research, ... Wireless Comm. & Mobile Computing (WCMC): Special Issue on Mobile Ad HocNetworking: Research , Trends, and Applications ⁇ vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 483-502 (2002)
- Non-patent literature 3 http: / / www.scalable-networks.com/
- Non-Patent Document 4 Zeng, X., Bagrodia, R., Gerla, M .: “Glo—MoSim: A Library for the Parallel Simulation of Large—scale Wireless Networks”, Proc. Of ACM Parallel and Distributeal Simulation (PADS '98), pp. 154-161 (1998)
- Non-Patent Document 5 http: Z / www.opnet.com /
- Non-patent document 6 Kimitataka Okada, lj Wadaoka, Yukio Takahashi, "Walking model and walking flow simulation based on individual behavior", Japan Operations' Research Society, Spring Research Presentation (2003)
- Non-Patent Document 7 Riley, G. F., "The Georgia Tech Network Simulator", Proc. Of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshopon Models, Methods and Tools for Reproducible Network Research ⁇ pp. 5-12 (2003)
- the mobile node simulator simulates a part related to the behavior of a mobile node (such as a human or a vehicle holding a mobile terminal) such as location information of the mobile node, information on appearance and disappearance, and user input to the application.
- the behavior simulator unit the network simulator unit that operates interactively with the behavior simulator unit, and simulates the network and applications, and the output unit that outputs the simulation results from the behavior simulator unit and the network simulator unit. Configured.
- simulation results are displayed visually by a graphical user interface (GUI).
- GUI graphical user interface
- the simulator according to the present invention can express the following situation. For example, in the event navigation application described above, the situation where the speed of movement decreases due to the concentration of people in front of popular event venues, the situation where people naturally pass face-to-face on the left side due to collision avoidance, or
- the application power information can represent situations in which a large number of people move to a specific event venue and the distribution of people is biased. Since these situations affect the network topology and its liquidity, various metrics such as the robustness of routing protocols and the validity of retransmission control can be evaluated according to the actual application. Based on the result In addition, parameters such as information retransmission timing and information transmission interval in the application can be set, and the application can be redesigned.
- a mobile node simulator of the present invention includes a behavior simulator unit that simulates behaviors of a plurality of mobile nodes according to a user-definable behavior model, and a network that simulates communication on a network including the plurality of mobile nodes.
- the network simulator unit is equipped with a network application to be evaluated for simulation, and the network simulator unit outputs the output of the network application at each simulation time t.
- the behavior simulator unit is configured to change the behavior of at least one of the plurality of mobile nodes according to the behavior model according to the output from the network application.
- Can The network simulator unit is configured to reflect a change in behavior of the at least one mobile node in a simulation of communication on the network at each simulation time t.
- the behavior simulator unit is configured to output an input to the network application and position information and speed information of each of the plurality of mobile nodes to the network simulator unit at each simulation time t.
- the network simulator unit is configured to simulate communication on the network according to an input to the network application and position information and speed information of each of the plurality of mobile nodes. .
- the behavior model may be described according to a probabilistic event generation model (CPE model).
- CPE model probabilistic event generation model
- the behavior model may be defined by a state transition diagram representing a state transition of the mobile node.
- the behavior simulator unit is configured to perform behaviors of the plurality of mobile nodes according to the behavior model and region information that is user-definable region information and defines a region range in which the mobile node can move. You can simulate it.
- the behavior simulator unit, the behavior model, the region information, and user-definable The behavior of the plurality of mobile nodes may be simulated according to a behavior scenario that defines at least a timing for generating a node object.
- the network is an ad hoc network that realizes communication between mobile nodes.
- An output unit that outputs a result of the simulation by the network simulator unit may be further provided.
- the output unit may be a display unit that displays the simulation result using a graphical user interface.
- the mobile node may be a person with a mobile terminal.
- the mobile node force vehicle may be used.
- the program of the present invention is a program for causing a computer to execute a simulation process for simulating communication on a network using a mobile node simulator, and the mobile node simulator includes a plurality of mobile node simulators according to a user-definable behavior model.
- the network processing is implemented, and the simulation processing is a step of outputting the output of the network application to the behavior simulator at every simulation time t of the network simulator.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a simulator that can be easily customized according to the behavior model of a specific mobile node by making the behavior model of the mobile node user-definable.
- the movable area information of the mobile node can be defined by the user.
- the simulation of the behavior of the mobile node and the simulation of the network topology and multiple communications are executed interactively, so that the situation closer to the real world can be simulated.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mobile node simulator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a computer 200 that realizes the functions of the mobile node simulator 100 shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the interaction between the network simulator unit 120 and the behavior simulator unit 140 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the behavior simulator unit 140 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a typical pedestrian behavior model according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of a GUI screen example when a GUI is used as an output unit according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the MobiREAL simulator.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of simulation area modeling.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example in which a pedestrian (node) behavior model is described based on a CPE model.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a concept of a simulation scenario.
- the design of a mobile node simulator which is a network simulator that enables user-defined mobile node behavior based on real-world human behavior, etc., and enables evaluation of mopile network applications based on it. Let's talk about it.
- the behavior simulator unit 140 that performs simulation related to a mobile node and the network simulator unit 120 that performs simulation related to a network operate interactively, so that the behavior of the mobile node by a network application is achieved. It is possible to reproduce the influence of the network and the resulting change in the network topology, and to perform a more realistic simulation.
- FIG. 1 shows a mobile node simulator 100 according to the present invention.
- a mobile node is a person with a mobile device, a vehicle, a mobile robot, an animal with an embedded sensor (tag), a movable or fixed sensor (tag), an airplane, or any other communication function It can be a moving body.
- the mobile node communication includes communication between the mobile node and a point having an arbitrary communication function such as a base station on the network, and communication between the mobile nodes.
- the mobile node simulator 100 includes a network simulator unit 120, a behavior simulator unit 140, and an output unit 160.
- the output unit 160 may be a GUI (graphical user interface), or may be any other component that outputs a simulation result.
- An application developer using the mobile node simulator 100 can specify the behavior of each mobile node (referred to as a behavior model) to the behavior simulator section 140.
- the behavior model is specified by a state transition diagram.
- the conditions related to information such as information obtained from the network application capability to be evaluated for simulation and obstacles and other mobile nodes existing around the own node can be specified.
- each transition map can hold several internal parameters (such as transit points and destinations, and the degree of interest for a specific point), and the internal parameters can also be used as transition conditions. These parameter values can be changed by executing the transition.
- the behavior simulator unit 140 calculates information about the mobile node such as the position and velocity vector of the mobile node for each time. To do. As transition conditions, simulation field information including obstacle information (region information) and initial placement of mobile nodes can also be specified. These pieces of information are passed to the network simulator unit 120. Components included in the simulator, such as the network simulator unit 120, the behavior simulator unit 140, and the output unit 160, may exist in different locations and communicate via a wireless link, and may be integrated via a wired link. You may communicate. In some embodiments, it is inefficient to specify internal parameters for a large number of mobile nodes, so these internal parameters are randomly generated based on a certain distribution, for example, for a plurality of mobile nodes.
- an action scenario can also be specified (this is called an action scenario).
- the application developer can mount the application 180 to be evaluated on the mobile node simulator 100 as in the case of a normal network simulator.
- an application developer using the mobile node simulator 100 can specify information (referred to as area information) that represents the action area of each mobile node.
- the area information is represented by a rectangle representing a geographic area and a collection of objects such as buildings that are arranged on the geographic area and each is represented by a collection of line segments.
- Each object can be given an attribute value that represents the ability of the mobile node to pass through the object or the ability to propagate radio over the object.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the mutual cooperation (interaction) between the network simulator 120 and the behavior simulator 140.
- the network simulator unit 120 and the behavior simulator unit 140 each independently perform simulation for each simulation time t, and after exchanging the simulation results, perform simulation for the next t simulation time. Do it independently. The simulation proceeds while repeating this. This will be described in detail below.
- the simulation result is output as a trace file, for example, and passed to the output unit 160.
- simulation results can be visually reproduced using a GUI.
- the GUI can visualize the movement of the mobile node and the state of information transmission, using information that is also passed the behavior simulator power, for example, a trace file as input.
- An embodiment of a mobile node simulator according to the present invention is, for example, an apparatus having each component shown in FIG.
- the functions of each component of the mobile node simulator shown in Fig. 1 are realized by software (for example, a computer program).
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the function of each component shown in FIG. 1 may be realized by software (for example, a circuit, a board, a semiconductor chip), or may be realized by a combination of software and hardware.
- FIG. 2 shows a computer 200 that implements the functions of the mobile node simulator 100 shown in FIG.
- the computer 200 includes a CPU 210, a memory 220, an input interface unit 230, an output interface unit 240, and a bus 250.
- CPU 210 executes a program.
- the program is a program that executes the functions of the components shown in FIG.
- the program and data necessary for executing the program are stored in the memory 220, for example.
- the program may be included in memory 220 in any manner.
- the program may be stored in the memory 220 by loading the program from the outside of the computer 200.
- the program may be stored in the memory 220 in a format that is burned into the memory 220.
- the input interface unit 230 functions as an interface that receives input from the user.
- the output interface unit 240 functions as an interface for outputting calculation results.
- the nose 250 is used to interconnect the components 210-240 in the computer 200.
- the behavior simulator unit 140 and the network simulator unit 120 exchange information with each other in cooperation and execute a simulation.
- Information exchange can be performed at arbitrarily designated simulation times t.
- the behavior simulator unit 140 For example, it can be executed as follows. At the start of simulation, the location of obstacles, the coordinates and velocity vectors of each node at simulation time 0, Input power to Ravi and application 180 Passed from the behavior simulator section 140 to the network simulator section 120.
- the information exchanged between the behavior simulator unit 140 and the network simulator unit 120 is not limited to such information.
- the behavior simulator 140 for each movement node, immediately preceding the t simulation time [(n ⁇ l) * t, n (t)
- the input to the network application 180 (user input) and (b) the coordinates and velocity vector at time n * t obtained during the behavior simulation of t) are passed to the network simulator 120 (Fig. 3).
- the network simulator 120 outputs for each mobile node the output from the network application 180 obtained during the network simulation of [(n—1) * t; n * t).
- the behavior simulator unit 140 and the network simulator unit 120 perform simulations of simulation time [(n-1) * t; n * t) independently of each other, and exchange the results for simulation time n * t. Then, the simulation time [n * t; (n + 1) * t) is simulated.
- the network simulator unit 120 performs node position calculation independently of the behavior simulator unit 140 using the received velocity vector.
- the speed vector of the node may have been changed by the behavior simulator 140 during this time, so in the information exchange every t time, the correct current position coordinates are received from the behavior simulator 140 and the position is corrected appropriately.
- the size of t can be determined by the simulator user based on the trade-off between the simulation accuracy required for the application 180 and the time required for the simulation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the behavior simulator unit 140.
- the behavior of the mobile node is given to the behavior simulator unit 140 by a behavior scenario and a behavior model.
- the action scenario can specify the appearance probability of each node and the determination of the destination in a batch.
- the behavior model may be a state transition diagram (extended finite state machine) describing the behavior of individual mobile nodes! [0034] (2.1 Action scenario)
- the behavior scenario will be described using a case where the mobile node corresponds to a pedestrian as an example.
- a certain pedestrian flow (the flow of many pedestrians) often occurs in any situation. For example, there are many pedestrians at the ticket gates at the station before the train arrives, so there is a pedestrian flow toward the ticket gates. Because there are many, a walking flow that separates the ticket gate power is generated. In commercial spaces, the number of customers entering and exiting varies depending on the store. By giving such a parameter for controlling walking flow as an action scenario, a simulation that is close to reality can be performed from a macro viewpoint.
- 4 includes the basic values of parameters such as the probability of appearance of nodes, the value indicating which proportion of nodes are directed to which destination, and the degree of information utilization and interest that affect individual behavior. Etc. Based on these values, the internal parameters of the behavior model described below are determined.
- the behavior model is usually a state transition diagram in which an input / output interface with an application and an input interface for visual information are used as input / output ports and a destination list is held as an internal variable.
- the simulator user can specify several state transition diagrams and a set of nodes to act accordingly. Based on this and the basic value specified in the action scenario, an instance given the initial value of the internal variable can be created for each node.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a typical pedestrian behavior model.
- the function of the behavior model will be described in detail according to the example of the behavior model representing typical behavior of pedestrians in Fig. 5.
- the destination is given as a parameter with priority.
- change the priority according to the information, or change the behavior by giving a new destination.
- a certain node for example, a fixed terminal gives the time and place of the event as input to the application.
- the other nodes that receive this information decide whether to use the information according to the degree of information utilization, and if they use it, they will be directed to the venue according to the time of the event.
- a waypoint such as an intersection as a destination, walking along a complicated route including a corner can be realized.
- the area information is defined as an area range in which the mobile node can move.
- area information is represented by a rectangle representing a geographic area and a set of objects such as buildings that are arranged on the geographic area and each is represented by a set of line segments. Is done.
- the region is rectangular and may be defined by specifying the length [m] of each side.
- Objects such as buildings can be specified in a coordinate set.
- the area information can be defined by specifying the coordinates of four points for a rectangular object, and specifying the center and radius pair for a circular object.
- Objects can also be specified as types such as simple obstacles and accessible buildings.
- Each object can be assigned an attribute value that indicates whether a mobile node can pass through the object, or whether radio can be propagated across the object.
- the various values specified above can be specified by the user.
- a mobile node simulation when region information is specified. Objects such as buildings and roads are placed in the simulation target area, and these objects can be moved with attribute values that indicate whether or not to force radio propagation, or whether the movement node can move. An attribute value or the like is specified.
- a mobile node such as a person with a mobile phone is assumed to be at a certain point A on the simulation target area.
- the behavior simulator 140 refers to the area information and calculates the direction in which the mobile node propagates radio and the direction in which radio does not propagate based on the object around the point A and its attribute value.
- the behavior simulator section 140 refers to the region information, determines the direction in which the mobile node can advance and the direction in which the mobile node cannot advance based on the object around the point A and its attribute value, and Referring to the behavior model, the direction in which the mobile node actually travels is calculated. The behavior simulator unit 140 sends these calculation results to the network simulator unit 120. [0039] (2.4 Libraries for realistic behavior models)
- the mobile node simulator according to the present invention may include a library for performing group behavior and collision avoidance processing in order to easily describe more realistic behavior.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the reference point in gnoleop behavior introduced in Non-Patent Document 2 can be introduced.
- the reference point itself can move like an individual node.
- This library of group actions can be used, for example, in determining the velocity vector in the states “normal movement” and “detour” in FIG.
- Non-Patent Document 6 a collision avoidance process as introduced in Non-Patent Document 6 can be introduced.
- the person who avoids the collision corresponds to the neighbor in Fig. 5.
- the area that collides when proceeding with the speed vector as it is is determined by the position and speed vector of itself and neighbor, and the radius of the human body circle, etc. Can be changed.
- collisions can be avoided using the same process by treating the obstacles as a set of nodes that do not move.
- This collision avoidance library can be used to determine the velocity vector in the state "Collision Avoidance" in Fig. 5.
- the network simulator unit 120 changes the topology of the network including the mobile node according to the behavior of the mobile node by the behavior model simulation unit 140.
- network communication between mobile terminals is simulated.
- the following is an overview of the network simulator unit 120 used, and the network simulator unit 120 and behavioral stains. The cooperation of the yurator unit 140 will be described in detail.
- GTNetS (see Non-Patent Document 7) developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States can be used as the network simulator unit 120.
- the network simulator used in the present invention is not limited to GTNetS, and may be a network simulator having any other network simulation function.
- GTNetS is designed with the idea of overcoming the scalability problems of existing network simulators and simulating large-scale networks at higher speeds, and has features such as C ++ implementation and parallel execution.
- GTNetS implements each part of network simulation in C ++ language and provides it as a library. By describing simulation scenarios using these libraries, the network simulation environment provided by GTNetS can be used. In addition, the simulator can be easily extended by creating classes as needed.
- the network simulator section is explained below using GTNetS as an example.
- the interaction part with the behavior simulator unit 140 is implemented as an original class and incorporated into GTNetS, whereby the cooperation between the behavior simulator unit 140 and the network simulator unit 120 can be realized.
- a class that handles node movement can also be implemented and incorporated into GTNetS, and the node position can be updated based on the node speed information received from the behavior simulator unit 140.
- data exchange with the behavior simulator part and processing for input data can be performed.
- inputs from the behavior simulator 140 to the interaction part inputs related to nodes such as generation, disappearance, and movement of nodes, and inputs to applications.
- the input to the application is an input to the implemented network application 180. The following describes the implementation of the interaction part and the input process.
- GTNetS is implemented as a discrete-event type network simulator. Simulation events such as packet transmission and reception are inserted into the event queue along with the execution time. After that, the events inserted into the event queue are taken out and processed in order of simulation time. Simulation is configured by repeating event insertion and processing in these event queues.
- an interaction event is created in order to exchange data with the behavior simulator unit 140 and process node information and application information passed from the behavior simulator unit 140, and perform simulation time. Process every t. First, before the simulation starts, an interaction event is scheduled at time t.
- GTNetS is mainly intended for wired networks where network topology changes are scarce, so all nodes for network communication are created before the start of simulation, and new nodes are added and existing nodes are deleted during simulation. It is preferable not to do it.
- GTNetS in a wireless network, there are frequent occurrences and disappearances of nodes in addition to the movement of nodes. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately deal with changes in these nodes with GTNetS. For example, a sufficient number of bullying nodes are generated, and a node management class for mapping the nodes of the behavior simulator unit 140 and the nodes of the network simulator unit 120 is introduced. By adding and deleting nodes that have been generated in advance to the network topology, it is possible to cope with the generation and disappearance of nodes.
- GTNetS has a mobility class that calculates and manages node movement. The movement of each node depends on the instance of the mobility class assigned to the node
- the mobile node simulator since the node movement information (for example, the velocity vector) received from the behavior simulator unit 140 is reflected in the network simulator unit 120, the mobile node simulator can accumulate a set of speed and change time. Tei class is created and incorporated into GTN etS.
- the node velocity vector is received from the behavior simulator section 140, the accumulated information is updated without updating the node position. Only when the current position of the node is required for wireless calculation, etc., the position is calculated based on the node position and speed, and stored information.
- this method of receiving only the velocity vector and linking with the behavioral simulator may cause errors due to vector accuracy and position calculation. Therefore, the node position information is periodically received and the error is corrected.
- the location information is received, the past velocity vector is no longer needed, so the stored information is initialized.
- the mobile node simulator according to the present invention has an output unit 160.
- the output unit 160 is preferably a component that can output the results of any other simulation, preferably using a GUI.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a GUI screen when a GUI is used as the output unit according to the present invention.
- the GUI section visualizes the movement of the mobile node and the network, and aims to present the simulation results in an easy-to-understand form and visually assist the understanding.
- the GUI of the mobile node simulator according to the present invention operating on Windows adopts, for example, DirectX9 from the viewpoint of processing speed and drawing ability.
- the GUI can be implemented to visualize human behavior from a bird's-eye view, and on the map image representing the simulation field, the small circle representing the person and the radio signal of the person's wireless terminal reach A large circle representing the range moves according to the person's behavior ( Figure 6).
- the map image obstacles that interfere with the transmission of radio waves such as buildings can be displayed, and together with a large circle representing the radio transmission range, roughly whether communication between each node is possible or not. Can be confirmed.
- GUI is the behavior simulator part 140 and It is possible to input a simulation result (for example, a trace file) output from the single simulator unit 120 and to specify an arbitrary bitmap image as a map image in the file.
- the GUI has a full range of functions, such as an enlargement and reduction function (lcmZpixel to 100mZpixel), a playback speed change function (0 to 256 times the real time ratio), and a step execution function.
- GUI assistance can be provided for input from the user, for example, input of map information and scenario, and input of initial arrangement of nodes.
- CPE model Conditio Probability Event Model
- CP Describes the design and implementation of the network simulator MobiREAL, which can simulate the behavior of a node based on the E model and the network application based on the behavior of the node.
- the MobiREAL simulator is one implementation example of the mobile node simulator 100 shown in FIG.
- the CPE model is a model proposed by the inventors as a model suitable for describing realistic behavior of a node. By simulating realistic node behavior based on the CPE model, it is possible to reproduce the effects of node behavior on network applications and other nodes, and to perform more realistic system performance evaluations. .
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of the configuration of the MobiREAL simulator.
- the MobiREAL simulator can simulate ad hoc communication of mobile nodes.
- the MobiREAL simulator can also simulate a wired and wireless mixed network in which a fixed wired network and a mobile node group communicate with each other via a base station.
- the MobiREAL simulator includes a behavior simulator that simulates the behavior of a node and a network simulator that simulates communication on the network.
- the behavior simulator is one implementation example of the behavior simulator unit 140 shown in FIG. 1
- the network simulator is one implementation example of the network simulator unit 120 shown in FIG.
- the behavior simulator and the network simulator are realized as two independent programs.
- the behavior simulator of the MobiREAL simulator can be used in other network simulators.
- an interface unit with a behavior simulator in an open source simulator such as ns-2 (see Non-Patent Document 1) or GloMoSim (see Non-Patent Document 4)
- these simulators can also be moved realistically. Node behavior can be simulated easily.
- load distribution is possible by realizing the two programs on different computers.
- colored components can be specified by the user.
- Component ie a user-definable component
- the user can specify simulation area information, CPE model, and simulation scenario for specifying node generation.
- the simulation area information is one implementation example of the area information shown in FIG. 4
- the CPE model is one implementation example of the behavior model shown in FIG. 4
- the simulation scenario is shown in FIG. An example implementation of the behavior scenario shown.
- the user can specify the description of the network system (network application, transport layer Z network layer protocol, etc.).
- Major protocols are provided as libraries, and users can use them for lower-layer protocols.
- the behavior simulator and the network simulator are executed in parallel while performing mutual communication via a TCP connection.
- simulation area information is passed from the behavior simulator to the network simulator, and each area holds the area information independently.
- the node object information generated by the behavior simulator is notified to the network simulator as needed, and the corresponding node object is generated on the network simulator side.
- the node position and speed vector update information is given to the behavior simulator force network simulator as needed to update the node position on the network simulator side.
- the network simulator simulates communication on the network such as calculation of radio wave propagation between nodes and packet routing based on the current node position and area information.
- the behavior that the node uses the network application (data input to the network application) is given from the behavior simulator to the network simulator, and the data output from the network application to the node is passed from the network simulator to the behavior simulator. It is possible to provide feedback on node behaviors.
- Inaccessible closed spaces such as buildings and plazas are designated by closed polygons (for example, colored areas in Fig. 8), and for accessible closed spaces, points such as E and J in Fig. 8 are bounded.
- closed polygons for example, colored areas in Fig. 8
- points such as E and J in Fig. 8 are bounded.
- the user can specify the entrance / exit of the area.
- Other areas are defined as free movement areas such as roads.
- the user can also specify virtual graphs that connect points set at intersections and area entrances with line segments. By specifying such a virtual graph, the logical structure information of the road can be given to the behavior simulator, and the destination and route calculation can be simplified.
- Such simulation area modeling is efficient when performed using a GUI input support tool. For example, by selecting a point on the map with a mouse, a simulation area including the above-described accessible closed space and the entrance / exit of the area is defined, and a program that represents the defined simulation area (for example, written in C ++) It is possible to provide a GUI input support tool that has the function of outputting a program.
- a node for example, a mobile terminal user
- Nodes often act by planning their destination, route, estimated arrival time, and staying time to some extent, while the behavior is often stochastic.
- the present inventors have proposed a probabilistic event generation model (CPE model) that describes a dynamic behavior change rule of a node using a variable, and further defines the CPE model.
- CPE model probabilistic event generation model
- a CPE model is defined by a sequence of "rules", a set of internal variables, and a set of external variables. Each rule consists of a set of “condition”, “probability”, and “behavior”. When “condition” is satisfied, it describes that the node takes “action” according to “probability”. It is.
- Internal variables refer to variables that can be updated or referenced only from within the CPE model
- external variables refer to variables that can be updated or referenced from within or outside the CPE model.
- External variables include, for example, simulation time T, neighboring information such as neighboring nodes and obstacles, input to network application, output from network application, current position of node, and node speed. Contains the vector V.
- a logical expression using an external variable or an internal variable is designated as the "condition" of each rule.
- the “probability” of each rule is a constant from 0 to 1 or a probability function.
- the behavior model describing the behavior of the node based on the CPE model is incorporated into the behavior simulator in a format that can be executed by the behavior simulator (for example, a program format described in C ++).
- the behavior simulator repeatedly searches the list of rules for the first power and executes the behavior specified by the first rule that satisfies the specified condition with the specified probability.
- a pedestrian holding an information terminal equipped with a short-distance terminal-to-terminal communication device visits several stores for shopping or other purposes. Share useful information by distributing the information (for example, sales information) acquired to other pedestrians encountered on the move ⁇ If it is a network application on a mopile ad hoc network (MANET) Think. Such network applications are implemented on a network simulator.
- a short-distance terminal-to-terminal communication device such as the network application power ⁇ 802.11 that is the object of the simulation visits several stores for shopping or other purposes.
- Share useful information by distributing the information (for example, sales information) acquired to other pedestrians encountered on the move ⁇
- MANET mopile ad hoc network
- Such network applications are implemented on a network simulator.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which a behavior model of a pedestrian (node) is described based on a CPE model.
- destination information point name p indicating the location of the destination, point string indicating the route from the current location to the destination!:, Scheduled arrival time t, stay time s, etc.
- the current destination information is stored in the variable dst, and the destination group to be visited after that is stored in the variable Dlist in the order of visit as a list of destination information.
- rules E7 and E8 the behavior when the planned stay time has passed during the stay at the destination is specified using the same condition. Since rule E7 is higher than rule E8, if the conditions of these rules are true, the action of rule E7 is executed with a probability of 0.8, and the action of rule E7 is not executed. The rule E8 action is always executed.
- Rule E5 describes an action of adding the store to the destination list with a probability of 0.5 when store information new-dst is obtained from another pedestrian via the network. Furthermore, in rule E9, when leaving a destination (store) with extended stay, the destination information (store information) is distributed to other pedestrians via the network.
- Rule E1 expresses the probability that an action will be executed using a probability function that follows a normal distribution with an average of 6 minutes and a standard deviation of 2 minutes, which is not a constant. Any function can be used as a probability function, and it is also possible to specify the variation in time until a force node takes action when a certain condition is met and the frequency at which the action takes place.
- parameters such as the simulation execution time are set, and the timing for generating the node object corresponding to each CPE model and the initial value of the variable are specified.
- FIG. 10 shows the concept of a simulation scenario.
- a node object corresponding to the CPE model “c ustomer” is generated every 15 seconds and the generated node
- the target object has a random velocity V of 1. OmZs to 1.8 mZs, its occurrence position P is A or Q, its first destination dst is E or ⁇ , and the subsequent destination is Dlist.
- V random velocity
- a node object corresponding to the CPE model "worker” is generated every 8 seconds.
- the initial value of each variable and the node generation conditions can be changed.
- the initial value of each variable and node generation conditions can be set using various predefined functions.
- Such a simulation scenario can be generated based on, for example, a walking flow (Urban Pedestrian Flow).
- the pedestrian flow is the amount of pedestrians (nodes) that follow each path defined in the simulation area (person Z seconds). It is efficient to generate a walking flow using a GUI input support tool. For example, by selecting points on the map with the mouse, the density of pedestrians (nodes) at several points in the simulation area is input, and candidates for destinations (node generation / disappearance points) are input.
- the pedestrian density actually measured in the real world is input as the above-mentioned pedestrian (node) density, and points corresponding to the actual map edges, building entrances, underground street entrances, etc.
- node generation / disappearance point By inputting as a candidate for the above-mentioned destination (node generation / disappearance point), it is possible to generate a walking flow that is close to the actual walking flow.
- the network simulator of the MobiREAL simulator is linked with the behavior simulator periodically in addition to the basic function to simulate communication on the network, and information on the generation and deletion of nodes passed to the behavior simulator, the position and speed of the nodes It is necessary to have a function to reflect information related to network simulation in the network simulation and a function to exchange the input to the network application installed in the network simulator and the output of the network application with the behavior simulator.
- the present inventors have developed a network simulator for the MobiREAL simulator by implementing the functions described above in GTNetS (see Non-Patent Document 7).
- many network simulators including GTNetS are implemented without assuming addition of new nodes or deletion of existing nodes during simulation execution.
- the present inventors realized dynamic generation and dynamic deletion of nodes by modifying the node management process of GTNetS.
- the physical layer simulation module was expanded to calculate radio wave propagation considering the influence of obstacles in order to improve the realism of the simulation.
- the behavior simulator and network simulator of the MobiREAL simulator are two independent simulation programs each holding simulation area information, a node object, and the position and velocity of the node.
- the behavior simulator only simulates the movement of the node, and the network simulator simply moves the node based on the position and speed of the node that it knows, and the simulation of communication on the network is independent of the behavior simulator power. Do it. Therefore, at t simulation time intervals, node location information updated by the behavior simulator and data output of network application power calculated by the network simulator are exchanged periodically to maintain consistency between the two simulators. Yes. If one side finishes the simulation up to the time of data exchange, the other side finishes the simulation and waits for the data exchange to be completed.
- t is set to a value that is as small as possible, accurate simulation in which the position and speed of the node determined by the behavior simulator are reflected almost completely on the network simulator side is possible. As a result, the communication frequency increases and the simulation execution time increases.
- the value of t is determined based on the trade-off between accuracy required for simulation and execution time. t is usually set to 1.0 seconds.
- the period of each CPE model scan in the behavior simulator is set to 0.2 seconds.
- the simulation accuracy depends on the implementation of each layer, but the simulation time is expressed as a double-precision floating point type variable (unit: seconds).
- Visualization of simulation results is extremely important for network simulators.
- the In particular, visualizing the movement of nodes is essential to confirm the impact of network systems on node behavior. Therefore, the MobiREAL simulator provides an animator that visualizes the simulation results.
- An animator is one implementation of the output unit 160 shown in FIG.
- the animator operates on Windows (registered trademark), and can display nodes, links, radio arrival radius, packet propagation, and the like in animation. These can be displayed or hidden for each item, and packets can be displayed in color by type (data packet, control packet, etc.).
- the node color display can be freely specified within the network application implementation on the network simulator. For example, the network application can also be displayed when a node that receives specific information is displayed in red and other nodes are displayed in blue.
- the present invention can be easily customized according to the behavior model of a specific mobile node, and is useful as a simulator or the like that can simulate a situation closer to the real world.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006532725A JP4534047B2 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-30 | 移動ノードシミュレータおよびこれを実装するプログラム |
US11/574,425 US20090216510A1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-30 | Mobile node simulator and program for mounting the same |
EP05777093.5A EP1788537B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-30 | Mobile node simulator and program therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-253457 | 2004-08-31 | ||
JP2004253457 | 2004-08-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006025392A1 true WO2006025392A1 (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
Family
ID=36000042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/015774 WO2006025392A1 (ja) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-08-30 | 移動ノードシミュレータおよびこれを実装するプログラム |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090216510A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1788537B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4534047B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006025392A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008044783A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-17 | Nec Corporation | Procédé d'évaluation de la qualité de communication d'un système de réseau radio local, dispositif et programme d'évaluation de la qualité de communication |
JP2009301295A (ja) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 歩行者シミュレーション装置、交通シミュレーション装置、歩行者シミュレーション方法 |
JP2011258074A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | シミュレーション開発支援装置、シミュレーション開発支援方法およびプログラム |
JP2014138268A (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | 端末移動先決定装置、シミュレーション装置、移動端末装置、端末移動先決定方法及びプログラム |
JP2020515926A (ja) * | 2017-01-03 | 2020-05-28 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーションInternational Business Machines Corporation | ナビゲーション・システムにおける移動イベントの検出及びシミュレーション方法、システム、プログラム |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7916142B2 (en) * | 2006-08-21 | 2011-03-29 | Geo-Softworks, LLC | Systems and methods for generating user specified information from a map |
US9547747B2 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2017-01-17 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Distributed internet protocol network analysis model with real time response performance |
KR101404904B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-09 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | 객체 이동 시뮬레이션 장치 및 방법 |
WO2015132863A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | シミュレーションシステム及びシミュレーション設定装置及びシミュレーション方法 |
US11563644B2 (en) | 2019-01-04 | 2023-01-24 | GoTenna, Inc. | Method and apparatus for modeling mobility and dynamic connectivity on a stationary wireless testbed |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0685733A (ja) * | 1992-02-14 | 1994-03-25 | Centre Natl Etud Telecommun (Ptt) | セルラー通信ネットワークに対する下部構造の設計方法 |
JPH07283778A (ja) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-27 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 移動通信網総合評価シミュレーション方法及び移動通信網総合評価シミュレーションシステム |
JP2004213098A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-29 | Toshiba Corp | 混雑予測システム、混雑予測方法及び混雑予測プログラム |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6965851B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2005-11-15 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for analyzing performance of a mobile network |
US20050004787A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2005-01-06 | Kubischta Marvin D. | System and method for real time simulation |
US7231330B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2007-06-12 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Rapid mobility network emulator method and system |
US7624383B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2009-11-24 | Cornell University | System for and method of improving discrete event simulation using virtual machines |
US8027273B2 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2011-09-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for visually creating, editing, manipulating, verifying, and/or animating desired topologies of a mobile ad hoc network and/or for generating mobility-pattern data |
-
2005
- 2005-08-30 JP JP2006532725A patent/JP4534047B2/ja active Active
- 2005-08-30 WO PCT/JP2005/015774 patent/WO2006025392A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-08-30 US US11/574,425 patent/US20090216510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-30 EP EP05777093.5A patent/EP1788537B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0685733A (ja) * | 1992-02-14 | 1994-03-25 | Centre Natl Etud Telecommun (Ptt) | セルラー通信ネットワークに対する下部構造の設計方法 |
JPH07283778A (ja) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-27 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 移動通信網総合評価シミュレーション方法及び移動通信網総合評価シミュレーションシステム |
JP2004213098A (ja) * | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-29 | Toshiba Corp | 混雑予測システム、混雑予測方法及び混雑予測プログラム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1788537A4 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008044783A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-17 | Nec Corporation | Procédé d'évaluation de la qualité de communication d'un système de réseau radio local, dispositif et programme d'évaluation de la qualité de communication |
JP2009301295A (ja) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 歩行者シミュレーション装置、交通シミュレーション装置、歩行者シミュレーション方法 |
JP2011258074A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-22 | Fujitsu Ltd | シミュレーション開発支援装置、シミュレーション開発支援方法およびプログラム |
JP2014138268A (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | 端末移動先決定装置、シミュレーション装置、移動端末装置、端末移動先決定方法及びプログラム |
JP2020515926A (ja) * | 2017-01-03 | 2020-05-28 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーションInternational Business Machines Corporation | ナビゲーション・システムにおける移動イベントの検出及びシミュレーション方法、システム、プログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090216510A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
JP4534047B2 (ja) | 2010-09-01 |
JPWO2006025392A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
EP1788537A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
EP1788537A4 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP1788537B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4534047B2 (ja) | 移動ノードシミュレータおよびこれを実装するプログラム | |
Dijkstra et al. | A multi-agent cellular automata system for visualising simulated pedestrian activity | |
Aschenbruck et al. | Bonnmotion: a mobility scenario generation and analysis tool | |
Mangharam et al. | Groovenet: A hybrid simulator for vehicle-to-vehicle networks | |
Harri et al. | Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy | |
Quinn et al. | Parallel implementation of the social forces model | |
Zhang et al. | On the information propagation process in mobile vehicular ad hoc networks | |
Pigné et al. | A vehicular mobility model based on real traffic counting data | |
US20070271079A1 (en) | Simulator for Vehicle Radio Propagation Including Shadowing Effects | |
Solmaz et al. | A mobility model of theme park visitors | |
Maeda et al. | Urban pedestrian mobility for mobile wireless network simulation | |
Mathew et al. | Urban walkability design using virtual population simulation | |
Regis et al. | Implementation of 3d obstacle compliant mobility models for uav networks in ns-3 | |
US8498850B2 (en) | Looking glass: a hybrid simulation system to model cascading events within a black box system | |
Mahajan et al. | Evaluation of mobility models for vehicular ad-hoc network simulations | |
Varga et al. | Optimizing vehicle dynamics co-simulation performance by introducing mesoscopic traffic simulation | |
Cerqueira et al. | RoutesMobilityModel: easy realistic mobility simulation using external information services | |
Aravind et al. | Towards modeling realistic mobility for performance evaluations in MANET | |
EP2660756A1 (en) | Method, apparatus and computer program product for simulating the movement of entities in an area | |
Chowdhary et al. | Addressing the characteristics of mobility models in IoV for smart city | |
Härri | Vehicular mobility modeling for vanet | |
Wilkie et al. | Participatory route planning | |
Manzoni et al. | Mobility models for vehicular communications | |
Hassan et al. | On the requirements on models and simulator design for integrated VANET Simulation | |
Sudkhot et al. | A crowd simulation in large space urban |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006532725 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005777093 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2005777093 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11574425 Country of ref document: US |