WO2006015522A1 - Capsule pour la régulation de la pression artérielle et de l’hyperlipidémie et la prévention et le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires et cérébrovasculaires - Google Patents

Capsule pour la régulation de la pression artérielle et de l’hyperlipidémie et la prévention et le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires et cérébrovasculaires Download PDF

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WO2006015522A1
WO2006015522A1 PCT/CN2004/001169 CN2004001169W WO2006015522A1 WO 2006015522 A1 WO2006015522 A1 WO 2006015522A1 CN 2004001169 W CN2004001169 W CN 2004001169W WO 2006015522 A1 WO2006015522 A1 WO 2006015522A1
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extract
blood
effect
cardiovascular
capsule
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PCT/CN2004/001169
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French (fr)
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Weidong Wang
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Weidong Wang
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A61K36/537Salvia (sage)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/42Cucurbitaceae (Cucumber family)
    • A61K36/424Gynostemma
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/46Eucommiaceae (Eucommia family), e.g. hardy rubber tree
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/48Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
    • A61K36/488Pueraria (kudzu)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/82Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medicine and a health food for regulating blood pressure and blood lipid, preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation prepared by using a Chinese herbal medicine extract as a raw material.
  • Hypertension is a systemic chronic disease characterized by a continuous increase in circulating arterial blood pressure. The occurrence and development of hypertension is closely related to hyperlipidemia, and is a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • a large number of studies have shown that many hypertensive patients are associated with lipid metabolism disorders, blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are significantly higher than normal, while high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol content is lower, the initial systemic arterioles are paralyzed, Hardening occurs later, eventually leading to damage to important organs such as heart, brain and kidney.
  • many hyperlipidemias are often associated with hypertension. When the two coexist, the incidence of coronary heart disease is much higher than that of the other.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art mentioned above, to provide a non-toxic and side effect, good effect, can adjust blood pressure and blood lipids of the human body, improve cardiovascular elasticity, improve blood component quality, and improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions. To prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • the present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical solutions, characterized in that it is a capsule made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: wherein each 100 g of the capsule contains puerarin 15 g-30 g, Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract 10 g-30 g, Salvia miltiorrhiza extract 20g-30g, tea extract 10-20g, Eucommia ulmoides extract 10-20g, of the above raw materials, Pueraria lobata extract contains 30%-50% of total flavonoids, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract contains total saponins 70%-80 %, Salvia miltiorrhiza extract contains 10% ⁇ 20% of tanshinone, tea extract contains 60% ⁇ 70% of tea polyphenols, and extract ratio of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. extract is 20:1.
  • the drug and food selected by the invention are homologous, without any toxicity and side effects, and the components thereof are made of the extract as raw materials, have few components, have high active ingredients, have good medicinal properties, and can effectively absorb Chinese herbal medicines effectively.
  • Antihypertensive components regulate and improve blood hypercoagulability, increase coronary and cerebral blood flow, reduce blood lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, reduce platelet aggregation and peroxidation, enhance body immunity, headache for hypertensive patients Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, tinnitus, insomnia, irritability, weak waist and limbs, and numbness of the limbs have obvious improvement and regulation effects, relieve the occurrence of hypertension complications, and at the same time dredge microcirculation, improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular elasticity, and improve blood components. Quality, improve vascular function, and effectively prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Chinese medicine believes: high blood pressure, high blood lipids, liver and spleen, kidney loss and disorders, causing yin and yang disorders, Loss of blood in the camp, poor blood circulation caused high central dysfunction.
  • the invention adopts natural botanical medicine for nourishing liver, clearing heat, tonifying kidney, strengthening spleen and stagnation, reinforcing the culture and medicinal diet, and improving the microcirculation and cardiovascular function according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, thereby achieving the relief of the disease and regulating The purpose of blood pressure and blood lipids.
  • Pueraria lobata extract contains 30%-50% of total flavonoids
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract contains 70%-80% of total saponins
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza extract contains tanshinone 10 % ⁇ 20%
  • the tea extract contains tea polyphenol 60% ⁇ 70°/ 0
  • the extraction ratio of the active ingredient of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. extract is 20:1.
  • Pueraria is sweet, spicy, and flat, and belongs to the spleen and stomach. Can resolve muscle fever, publish rash, thirst, and diarrhea. Indications with exogenous fever, strong head pain, early onset of measles, poor rash, mild thirst, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease.
  • hypolipidemic effect of puerarin containing isoflavones have hypolipidemic effects, of which soybean saponin and formononetin (formononerin) can reduce serum bile alcohol, genistein (genisin, genistin) can Lowering triglycerides, soybean meal also has a lower blood lipid lowering effect.
  • toxicity 1 acute toxicity test: puerarin extract, total flavonoids and puerarin intravenous injection of LD 5 . They were 2. 1, 1. 6-2. 1 and 0. 738 mg/kg, puerarin extract 10m g /kg and 20mg/kg daily for 3 consecutive days: puerarin Ig/kg intravenously, none of them The mouse has symptoms of poisoning or Death.
  • Gynostemma is cold and bitter. It has the effect of detoxification and clearing heat and relieving cough. For chronic bronchitis, hepatitis, pyelonephritis, gastroenteritis, hyperlipidemia, etc. It is clinically used for coronary heart disease and enhances human immune function, eliminates fatigue, promotes appetite and improves sleep.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum mainly contains triterpenoid saponins, which also contain flavonoids, phospholipids, amino acids and other ingredients.
  • Gynostemma can inhibit the production of free fatty acids and synthesis of neutral fats and cholesterol. It can prevent the intestinal tube from absorbing sucrose and fat and preventing peroxidation in liver tissue.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum has blood lipid lowering effect; it has obvious hypoglycemic effect and improves glucose metabolism in the elderly; CCIJ dry injury rats can inhibit lipid peroxidation of damaged liver tissue and have a regenerative effect on liver cells.
  • Gynostemma can also increase the synthesis rate of spleen, testis, brain and blood proteins, increase the weight of mouse testis, seminal vesicle, prostate and uterus; inhibit the metabolism of platelet arachidonic acid, inhibit the formation of experimental gallstones in grassland rats Wait.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a significant antagonistic effect on immunocompromised animals such as cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoid and dexamethasone.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract can enhance the phagocytic function of mouse peritoneal macrophages.
  • the Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract was fed for 90 days, the number of T lymphocytes increased, the serum total complement activity was increased and the MTT value was decreased.
  • Gynostemma total saponin can significantly reduce the hemolytic sac content and increase the blood lgG content.
  • Gynostemma can promote a certain concentration range Peripheral blood lymphocyte NK activity.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a two-way immune regulation effect similar to traditional Chinese medicines such as ginseng and astragalus.
  • Gynostemma saponins can significantly prolong the number of human skin cells cultured in vitro.
  • Gynostemma extract can extend the average lifespan and life expectancy of male and female fruit flies. It can improve the survival rate of mice and the activity of peroxidase.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum can inhibit the formation of lipofuscin in brain and heart tissue of young mice, significantly reduce the content of lipid peroxide in adult rat brain tissue; improve scalp circulation, promote lipid excretion, improve cell viability, raise hair, and produce hair , emollient and other effects.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum has a sedative and hypnotic effect, which can significantly reduce the number of activities of mice and prolong the sleep time of sodium barbital in mice.
  • Gynostemma has a significant analgesic effect; it has a significant anti-stress effect.
  • Gynostemma ethanol extract can improve memory acquisition in mice; Gynostemma 20% alcohol extract can counteract memory disorders caused by protein synthesis inhibitors.
  • Gynostemma pentaphyllum has the effects of reducing blood pressure, increasing coronary artery flow and cerebral blood flow in isolated rabbit hearts, and can be used for elderly care and cardiovascular prevention.
  • Toxicity a. Acute toxicity: LD 5 of intraperitoneal injection of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The rats were 1. 85 g/kg, the mice were 0. 735 g/kg; and the oral administration was non-toxic.
  • Long-term toxicity Rat experiment, continuous feeding of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins at 8 g/kg. d for 1 month, no increase in body weight, food intake, hematuria routine and histopathological examination; 4 g/ The gynostemma feeding of kg. d was administered for 3 consecutive months, and there were no abnormalities in blood routine, renal function, liver function, electrocardiogram and pathological examination of organs.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of promoting blood circulation, relieving nerves, relieving pain and relieving pain, and has a wide range of pharmacological research and clinical application.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza injection can slow the heart rate of guinea pigs and rabbits in isolated hearts, and the cardiac contractility is firstly suppressed and then gradually strengthened. It can also slow down the heart rate of anesthetized dogs.
  • In vitro perfusion studies revealed that low concentrations of Salvia miltiorrhiza can inhibit myocardial contraction and reduce energy expenditure without damaging the myocardium.
  • the left atrial injection of salvia miltiorrhiza injection can reduce the left ventricular diastolic function damage during cardiac ischemia, and the heart is divided into The improvement of the mean blood flow (CBF) of the clock is first, indicating that Danshen injection can improve the coronary flow of the ischemic heart.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza water extract 5g (raw drug) / kg, 15g (raw drug) / kg intraperitoneal injection can prevent acute myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia induced by isoproterenol and barium chloride in rats.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza Effects on cerebral circulation and cerebral ischemia: The animal model was used to observe the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the meningeal microcirculation in rabbit soft group. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza can increase blood flow velocity, improve fluid state, and red blood cells have different degrees of depolymerization. . Salvia miltiorrhiza has obvious protective effect on ischemic brain tissue, which can significantly reduce the ultrastructural changes of brain tissue and mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum after ischemia. Salvia miltiorrhiza water-soluble ingredient rosemary' acid has a mild antithrombotic effect. .
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza has a preventive effect on brain damage caused by cerebral vasospasm, and is superior to the calcium antagonist nimodipine in restoring cerebral blood flow and anti-lipid peroxide.
  • Danshen injection in the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats, found that compared with the control group, the infarct size was significantly reduced in both the treatment group and the prevention group, and only mild ischemic changes (nuclear mildness) The pyknosis, the disappearance of the Nissl body, the shrinkage of the cell body, etc., did not develop into an infarct, indicating that Salvia miltiorrhiza has a positive preventive and therapeutic effect on acute cerebral ischemia.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza can significantly reduce the water content of rats after blocking the middle cerebral artery, reduce brain edema, and bring good effects on ischemic repair.
  • Danshen decoction is administered to rabbits with atherosclerosis to reduce triglycerides in blood and liver.
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia miltiorrhiza can form the atherosclerotic plaque of experimental coronary artery in rabbits.
  • dansin has a significant slowing, oxidized lipoprotein, malondialdehyde (MM) content is significantly reduced, and oxidative lipoprotein cytotoxicity is significantly weakened, suggesting that Danshensu can be used for atherosclerosis.
  • MM malondialdehyde
  • inhibition of platelet aggregation and antithrombotic Danshen injection can inhibit ADP-induced rabbit platelet aggregation; reduce platelet adhesion; inhibit thrombosis in vitro and inhibit blood clotting.
  • erythrocyte membrane Salvia can increase the content of whole blood and red blood cells 2, 3 - diphosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG) in patients with coronary heart disease and acute hypoxia, and 2, 3-DPG and It maintains the bi-concave stability, morphological plasticity, durability and toughness of red blood cells. Electron microscopic observation of tanshinone II, sodium sulfonate can protect the normal morphology of canine red blood cells in cardiopulmonary bypass.
  • the active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza var. ginseng not only has a strong regulation of blood pressure and regulation of blood lipids, but more importantly, it can exert synergistic effects and significantly enhance the efficacy of Radix Puerariae and Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
  • “epi” refers to the position where the position is 3 in the stereochemistry, and H is the position where it is connected.
  • the C-ring of the flavonoid structure such as catechol
  • the hydroxyl group substituted for C3 can be esterified by gallic acid.
  • GCG gallatechin gallate
  • EHCg epigallocatechin gallate
  • catechins are effective antioxidants and free radical removers.
  • Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) is the best antioxidant in these series, and this compound is considered to be the most physiologically active.
  • Eucommia ulmoides "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic” records: "Du Zhongpi is in charge of lumbar pain, supplementing Zhong, benefiting essence, strengthening bones and muscles, strong ambition, except for itch under the yin, urinary rest. Long-wearing is not old "Duzhongpi is an important Chinese herbal medicine. It has the functions of nourishing the liver and kidney, strengthening the bones, stopping the leak, and curing the fetus. Indications: Kidney deficiency, pain, soft legs, fetal movement, dizziness, etc., are commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. According to the Soviet doctor Experts report that immersed in eucommia bark and white wine to make medicated wine, which has special effects on treating high blood pressure and high blood fat.
  • Eucommia mainly contains the following ingredients: 1 lignans and their glycosides: including rosin phenols, syringares alcohols, olive resin, Medioresinol and conifers; 2 iridoids: including eucommi- Ol), eucomm ioside, genipin, deoxydextrose, genipin, genipin, aucule (au CU bin), happoside butyrate , rifaside, eucommia, stearyl glycosides, stearyl acid, deacetyl levulinic acid and 10-acetyl chicken lycopene eucommia alcohol; 3 phenolic compounds: including catechol, vanillic acid, Caffeic acid, methyl chloroformate, chlorogenic acid, syringin, cypressin, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; 4 steroids: including ⁇ -glutol
  • Chlorogenic acid has a strong antibacterial effect.
  • Peach aglycone has obvious hepatoprotective activity and can significantly inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus DNA.
  • Aucubin itself does not have an antiviral effect, but when it is preincubated with glucosidase, it produces a significant antiviral effect.
  • the alkaloids, aucubin, chlorogenic acid and polysaccharides contained in Eucommia ulmoides have different degrees of pressure reduction effects.
  • the high content of trace elements zinc and calcium in Eucommia ulmoides can correct the zinc content of patients with yin deficiency syndrome and reduce blood pressure.
  • the loliolide is isolated from the chloroform extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves, has immunosuppressive activity, and is an immunosuppressive substance mainly interfering with the function of T lymphocytes.
  • the two alcohol precipitation of Eucommia decoction can activate the rat mononuclear macrophage system and its activity, and can inhibit the delayed onset of DNA pumping than the allergic reaction, which can make the percentage of T cells in the peripheral blood of S-180 mice. Increased, enhances the body's non-immune function, and can resist the immunosuppressive effect of hydrocortisone.
  • mice were given two aqueous extracts of eucommia ulmoides (lg/ml) at a dose of 10 ml/kg, which increased the plasma CAMP content in mice (p ⁇ 0.05) and increased CGMP (p ⁇ 0).
  • eucommia ulmoides lg/ml
  • mice were given two aqueous extracts of eucommia ulmoides (lg/ml) at a dose of 10 ml/kg, which increased the plasma CAMP content in mice (p ⁇ 0.05) and increased CGMP (p ⁇ 0).
  • 05 which indicates that Eucommia decoction can enhance the body's humoral immune function.
  • regulation of cellular immunity Stronger than biphasic regulation of humoral immunity.
  • the polysaccharide of Eucommia ulmoides excites the reticuloendothelial system and enhances the body's non-specific immune function. However, there appears to be no significant effect on the humoral immune system. Eucommia decoction was applied to the effect of hydrocortisone on the function of mouse macrophages to phagocytose red blood cells, and the phagocytic activity increased.
  • Subcutaneous injection of the water-soluble extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. can increase the clearance rate of carbon in the blood of mice and enhance the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system.
  • eucommia precipitated by alcohol after water extraction can inhibit delayed type hypersensitivity caused by DNCB (2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene) and can resist T cells caused by high dose of hydrocortisone. The percentage is decreased, the percentage of T cells in the peripheral blood of mice is increased, the function of phagocytic cells of the sacral cavity macrophages is enhanced, and the regulation of the cells is shown to be biphasic.
  • Ciriodendrin is a pharmacologically active active ingredient of Eucommia ulmoides, which prevents the animal's sexual behavior and rectal temperature from being caused by "stress-induced” and prevents memory loss. Recovering memory prevents the weight loss of the adrenal gland, but no stress induces an increase in the serum corticosterone content of the adrenal gland, the weight of the hypothalamus and the adrenal gland.
  • the enema of Eucommia ulmoides decoction can increase the SOD activity of red blood cells in mice with yang deficiency caused by cortisone acetate.
  • the extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. has anti-lipid peroxidation and can inhibit the malondialdehyde caused by Fe 2+ . It has obvious protective effect on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and muscle.
  • Diuretic effect The various preparations of Eucommia ulmoides have a diuretic effect on anesthetized dogs, and there is no "fast tolerance” phenomenon. It also has a diuretic effect on normal rats and mice, and its diuretic effect is considered to be related to the potassium contained therein. In addition, its alcohol infusion can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the rat intestine.
  • Eucommia also has the effects of dilating blood vessels, lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, calming analgesia, anti-inflammatory, diuresis, anti-stress, and weakening uterine contractions.
  • Toxicity test The toxicity of Eucommia ulmoides is very low. The decoction 15-25 kg/kg has only mild inhibition by rabbit gavage. No symptoms of poisoning. The mice did not die for 5 days in the same dose. Subacute The test results can cause mild edema degeneration of kidney tissue in rats, rabbits and dogs, and no lesions in heart and liver tissues (ZYD, 2098).
  • the extraction of puerarin is obtained according to the "New Process for Extracting High Purity Puerarin by Pure Water Method" (Application No.: 02113938. 5, Publication No.: CN1364760A) published by the Chinese Patent Office;
  • the extracting agent of the Salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal herbs was added to the extracting medium, and after cold soaking for 1 hour, the extract was refluxed, filtered, and the extracts were combined and recovered under reduced pressure.
  • the liquid is dried at low temperature and pulverized into coarse powder for use.
  • Gynostemma saponins are extracted by water, purified, separated and purified by various resins.
  • the mixing method adopts the external addition method, so that chemical changes and chemical reactions are not generated between the drugs to ensure the pharmacological properties.
  • the wet granulation is carried out, and then dried at 60 ° C for 4 hours, and the package is filled into capsules after the test.

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Description

技术领域:
本发明涉及一种可调节血压和血脂、 防治心脑血管疾病的的药物和保 健食品, 具体涉及一种以中草药提取物为原料制备的中药制剂。
背景技术:
高血压病一种以循环动脉血压持续升高为主的全身性慢性疾病, 高血 压病的发生和发展与高脂血症密切相关, 均为心脑血管病的危险因素。 大 量研究资料表明, 许多高血压病人伴有脂质代谢紊乱, 血中胆固醇和甘油 三脂的含量较正常人显著增高, 而高密度脂蛋白、 胆固醇含量则较低, 初 期全身小动脉发生痉挛, 后期发生硬化, 最终导致心、 脑、 肾等重要脏器 的损害。 另一方面, 许多高脂血症也常合并高血压, 两者并存时, 冠心病 的发病率远较一项者高, 近年来有发病年龄逐渐降低的趋势, 长期精神紧 张、 缺少体力活动、 遗传因素、 肥胖、 食盐过多者发病率偏高, 可引起患 者头痛、 眩暈、 心悸、 耳鸣、 失眠、 烦躁、 腰膝酸软、 肢体麻木等症状。 目前, 大多数患者长期以西药来控制, 但由于西药的毒副作用, 会引起人 的心、 脑、 肝、 肾等重要器官受损, 使各种并发症有机可乘, 同时病人药 物的依赖性较大, 需长期服用。 而中药制剂大多配伍组分较多而杂, 且多 数是以中药片材为原料, 通过提取、 浓縮等工艺制成, 在制备过程中容易 挥发或损失, 导致各药物有效成分含量相对较低, 影响了药物的疗效。 另 外, 由于有些中药制剂中某些成分也有一定的副作用, 同样会对人体带来 一定的危害。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服上述现有技术的缺陷, 提供一种无 毒性和副作用, 效果好, 可调节人体血压和血脂、 改善心脑血管弹性、 改 善血液成分质量、 改善心脑血管功能、 以防治心脑血管疾病之中药制剂。
本发明是通过下面的技术方案解决上述技术问题的,其特征在于它是以 下述重量份的原料制成的胶囊: 其中每 100克胶囊内含有葛根素 15g-30g、 绞股蓝提取物 10g-30g、丹参提取物 20g- 30g、茶叶提取物 10-20g、杜仲皮 提取物 10- 20g, 上述原料中, 葛根提取物含葛根总黄酮为 30%-50%、 绞股 蓝提取物含总皂甙 70%- 80%, 丹参提取物含丹参酮 10%〜20%,茶叶提取物含 茶多酚 60%〜70%,杜仲皮提取物之提取比为 20 : 1。
本发明所选用的药物药食同源, 无任何毒性和副作用, 其组方以提取 物为原料, 组分少, 所含之有效成分较高, 药性较好, 可较好地吸收中草 药中有效降压成分, 调节和改善血液高凝状态, 增加冠状动脉和脑血流量, 降低血液中血脂、 胆固醇、 甘油三脂的含量, 减少血小板聚集及过氧, 增 强机体免役能力, 对高血压患者头痛、 眩晕、 心悸、 耳鸣、 失眠、 烦躁、 腰膝酸软、 肢体麻木等症状有明显的改善和调节作用, 缓解高血压并发症 的发生, 同时可疏通微循环, 改善心脑血管弹性、 改善血液成分质量、 改 善血管功能, 有效地防治心脑血管疾病。
具体实施方式:
中医学认为: 高血压、高血脂系肝、脾、肾的失和失调,倒致阴阳失调、 营血亏损, 血行不畅引起高级中枢功能障碍。 本发明选用养肝、 清热、 补 肾、 健脾、 化淤, 扶正培本、 药膳同源的天然植物药, 按中医理论组方配 伍, 改善机体微循环和心血管功能, 继而达到缓解病症, 调节血压、 血脂 的目的。 申请人经过多年研究和反复实验, 将下述重量配比的原料制成胶 囊, 其中每 100克胶囊内含有: 葛根素 15g- 30g、 绞股蓝提取物 10g- 30g、 丹参提取物 20g-30g、 茶叶提取物 10-20g、 杜仲皮提取物 10- 20g, 上述原 料中, 葛根提取物含葛根总黄酮为 30%-50%、 绞股蓝提取物含总皂甙 70%- 80%, 丹参提取物含丹参酮 10%〜20%,茶叶提取物含茶多酚 60%〜70°/0, 杜仲皮提取物之有效成分提取比为 20 : 1。
下面分述各组成药物的文献资料:
一、 葛根
(一) 药性: 葛根性味甘、 辛、 性平, 归脾、 胃经。 可解肌退热, 发表透疹, 生津止渴, 升阳止泻。 主治外感发热, 头项强痛, 麻诊初起, 疹出不畅, 温病口渴, 消渴病, 泄泻, 痢疾, 高血压、 冠心病。
(二) 药理: 葛根主要含葛根总黄酮和葛根素。
1、 对心系统的作用
( 1 )、 对心功能的影响 葛根总黄酮 30mg/kg或葛根素 20mg/kg静脉 注射, 可使麻醉犬心率明显减慢, 脉博输出量增加, 总外周阻力下降, 主 动脉压、 左室舒张末压及左室压力上升速度(LVdp/dt )稍下降, 左室作功 减少, 心肌耗氧量下降、 心肌工作效率提高。
(2)对心肌代谢的影响 葛根总黄酮 30mg/kg或葛根素 20mg/kg静脉 注射, 可降低犬心肌氧利用率和心肌耗氧率。 实验表明静注葛酮后, 使升 高的乳酸含量下降, 乳酸产生减少, 并改善心肌的氧代谢, 对心肌代谢产 生有益作用。
( 3 )对急性心肌梗死 (AMI ) 的影响, 给结扎完状动脉前降支造成急 性心肌缺血的犬, 静注葛根总黄酮 30mg/kg, 能改善心肌代谢, 使冠状窦和 冠状静脉搏血氧含量明显增加, 从梗死区引出的冠状静脉血乳酸的含量明 显减少, 表明心肌耗氧量降低, 乳酸产生减少。
(4)扩张血管、改善微循环作用 葛根及其有效成分有显著扩冠作用。 葛根总黄酮 lmg/kgp冠脉注入, 总黄酮或葛根素 20mg/kg静注, 或总黄酮 l-2mg/kg动脉注射均可使冠状血管明显扩张, 阻力下降, 血流量增加。 在 静注时也使其它血管扩张, 但不及冠脉明显, 利血平化后, 其扩血管作用 仍保持, 表明其作用系直接舒张血管平滑肌所致。
(5 )抗高血压作用: 给麻醉犬注射静注葛根总黄酮 5-30mg/kg, 血压 立即下降, 持续 6-8分钟。 给贤型高血压犬灌胃葛根煎剂, 能使多数动物 血压下降。
2、 降血脂作用 葛根所含异黄酮类化合物有降血脂作用, 其中大豆甙 元和剌芒柄花素 (formononerin) 能降低血清胆因醇, 染料木素 (金雀异 黄素, genistin) 能降低甘油三酯, 大豆甙也有较旨的降血脂作用。
3、 毒性: ①急性毒性实验: 葛根醇浸膏、 总黄酮和葛根素小鼠静脉注 射的 LD5。分别为 2. 1, 1. 6-2. 1和 0. 738mg/kg, 葛根醇浸膏每日 10mg/kg和 20mg/kg, 连续 3日: 葛根素 Ig/kg静脉注射, 均未见小鼠出现中毒症状或 死亡。 ②亚急性毒性实验: 给小鼠灌胃葛根浸膏每日 lg/kg, 连用 2个月, 给狗服用葛根醇浸膏每日 2g/kg, 连续 14日, 其行为、 血象、 肝肾功能及 心、 肝、 脾、 肾等实质性器官均未见异常改变。
二、 绞股蓝
(一) 药性: 绞股蓝性寒, 味苦。 具解毒清热、 止咳祛痰功效。 用于 慢性支气管炎、 肝炎、 肾盂肾炎、 胃肠炎、 高脂血症等。 临床用于冠心病 及及增强人体免疫功能, 消除疲劳, 促进食欲和改善睡眠。
(二)药理: 绞股蓝主要含三萜皂甙, 尚含黄酮类、 磷脂、 氨基酸等 类成分。
( 1 )对机体代谢的影响: 绞股蓝能抑制细胞产生游离脂肪酸及合成中 性脂肪、 胆固醇。 能阻止肠管对蔗糖、 脂肪有吸收及防止肝组织内的过氧 化作用。 实验还证明, 绞股蓝有降血脂作用; 有明显降血糖和改善老年人 糖代谢作用; CCIJ干损伤大鼠有抑制受损肝组织的脂质过氧化作用,对肝细 胞有再生作用。 绞股蓝还能提高脾脏、 睾丸、 大脑和血液蛋白的合成速率, 增加小鼠睾丸、 精囊、 前列腺和子宫的重量; 抑制血小板二十碳四烯酸的 代谢, 抑制草原大鼠实验性胆结石的形成等。
(3)增强机体免疫功能: 绞股蓝对免疫抑制剂环磷胺、 糖皮质激素地 塞米松等原因引起免疫功能低下的动物, 有显著的对抗作用。 绞股蓝提取 物能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。 绞股蓝提取物喂养 90日的大鼠, 其 T淋巴细胞数目增加,增强血清总补体活性和降低 MTT值,绞股蓝总皂甙能 显著降低溶血囊含量而提高血液 lgG含量。 绞股蓝在一定浓度范围内能促 进外周血淋巴细胞 NK活性。 绞股蓝有类似人参、 黄芪等中药的免疫双向调 节作用。
(4)抗衰老作用: 绞股蓝皂甙能明显延长体外培养的人皮肤细胞的传 代数。 绞股蓝提取物能延长雄、 雌性果蝇的平均寿命和最高寿命。 能提高 小鼠存活率和过氧化歧化酶的活力。 绞股蓝能抑制幼年小鼠脑、 心脏组织 中脂褐质的形成, 明显减少成年大鼠脑组织中过氧化脂质的含量; 改善头 皮循环, 促进脂质排出, 提高细胞活力, 具养发、 生发、 润肤等作用。
(5)对中枢神经系统的影响: 绞股蓝有镇静催眠作用, 能明显减少小 鼠活动次数, 延长小鼠巴比妥钠睡眠时间。 绞股蓝有显著的镇痛作用; 有 明显的抗紧张作用。绞股蓝醇提物可改善小鼠记忆获得; 绞股蓝 20%醇提物 可对抗蛋白合成抑制剂引起的记忆障碍。
(6)对心血管系统的影响: 绞股蓝具有降压、 增加离体家兔心脏冠状 动脉流量和脑血流量的作用, 可用于老年保健和防治心血管。
( 7 ) 毒性: a、 急性毒性: 绞股蓝总皂甙腹腔注射的 LD5。, 大鼠为 1. 85g/kg, 小鼠为 0. 735g/kg; 口服则无毒性。 b、 长期毒性: 大鼠实验, 以 8 g/kg. d剂量的绞股蓝总皂甙连续喂药 1月, 其体重增长, 进食量、 血 尿常规和病理组织学检查均未发现异常; 以 4 g/kg. d的绞股蓝饲食给药连 续 3月, 其血常规、 肾功、 肝功、 心电图及脏器病理检查均无异常。
三、 丹参
(一) 药性: 丹参为常用中药, 有活血祛瘀、 安神宁心、 止痛等功效、 其药理研究及临床应用范围较广。 (二) 药理: 丹参根主含脂溶性的二萜类成分和水溶性的酚酸成分, 还含黄酮类、 三萜、 醇等其它成分。
1 ) 对心、 脑血管系统的影响:
(1 )对心脏的作用:丹参注射液能使豚鼠及家兔离体心脏的心率减慢, 心收缩力先有短暂的抑制, 而后逐渐加强。 亦能使麻醉犬的心率减慢。 离 体蟾蜍心脏灌流实验发现低浓度丹参液能抑制心肌收缩, 减少能量消耗而 不损伤心肌。
(2)对血管和血压作用: 丹参煎剂、 丹参注射液、 白花丹参注身液给 麻醉犬或兔静注, 均显示不同程度的降压作用。
(3) 对冠脉流量的影响: 麻醉犬或猫, 静滴丹参注射液 3-4 g/kg,冠 脉流量明显明显增加,冠脉阻力明显下降,但心肌耗氧量有所增加。 白花丹 参注射液还能使离体豚鼠心脏或实验性高胆固醇血症象兔离体心脏的冠脉 流量明显增加。 对实验性急性心肌梗 死犬和猫, 离体猫, 猪的冠状动脉、 恒速灌注丹参素能明显扩张冠状动脉, 使冠脉流量显著增加, 并能对抗吗 啡普萘洛尔 (心得安) 的縮冠脉效应。
(4)对心肌缺血和心肌梗死的作用: 对垂体后叶素引起的家兔或大鼠 急性心肌缺血, 丹参煎剂、 复方丹参 (丹参、 降香) 注射液、 丹参素能改 善或对抗其心电的异常。 给大鼠腹腔注射丹参水提取物 5g (生药) kg, 对 于结扎冠状动脉引起急性心肌缺血有明显的预防作用, 左室心肌缺血面积 显著縮小。 以微米狭窄器造成冠状动脉前降支临界狭窄 15分钟, 左心房注 射丹参注射液, 可使心肮缺血时左心室舒张功能损害减轻, 且以心脏每分 钟平均血流量 (CBF) 的改善在先, 说明丹参注射液可改善缺血心脏的冠脉 流量。 丹参水提物 5g (生药) /kg、 15g (生药) /kg腹腔注射可预防异丙 肾上腺素及氯化钡引起大鼠急性心肌缺血和心律失常。进一步的实验发现, 给大鼠腔注射丹参水提物, 对于结扎冠脉引起的急性心肌缺血有明显的预 防作用, 给药组动物由于心肌缺血而提高的心电图 S- T段大大低于对照组, 左室心肌缺血面积显著缩小, 动物的存活率也有所提高。 在兔结扎左冠状 动脉后 48小时内, 反复静注丹参注射液, 缺血心肌间盘的损伤明显减轻, 术后死亡率也较低。
(5 )、 对脑循环及脑缺血的影响: 用动物模型观察丹参对家兔软组脑 膜微循环作用, 结果表明丹参可使血流速度增快, 流态改善, 红细胞有不 同程度解聚。 丹参对缺血后脑组织有明显的保护作用, 使缺血后脑组织及 线粒体、 粗面内质网等超微结构的改变明显减轻, 丹参水溶性成分迷迭香' 酸有温和的抗血栓形成作用。丹参对脑血管痉挛引起的脑损伤有防治作用, 在恢复脑血流、 抗脂质过氧化物方面优于钙拮抗剂尼莫地平。 丹参注射液, 在在鼠局部脑缺血再灌流损伤预防及治疗实验发现与对照组相比, 无论治 疗组还是预防组, 梗死面积均明显縮小, 个别仅有轻度缺血改变 (核轻度 固缩, 尼氏体多消失, 胞体缩小等), 未发成梗死灶, 显示出丹参对急性脑 缺血有肯定的预防和治疗作用。 丹参可明显减轻阻断大脑中动脉后大鼠组 织含水量, 减轻脑水肿, 对缺血修复带来良好效果。
(6)、 对心肌、 脑组织能量代谢的作用: 以生物发光法测定结果, 丹- 参注射液 225- 450mg (生药) /只腹腔注射, 可使小鼠心肌, 脑中 ATP含量 明显增加, 有利于能量代谢和氧效应的调节。
2)对微循环的影响: 高分子左旋糖酐造成外周微循环障碍的家兔, 丹 参注射液 3g (生药) /kg静注, 可使眼球结膜微循环血液速度显著加快, 毛经血管网开放数目增多, 60%以上动物的血液流态改善, 如血细胞有不同 程度的分聚现象, 血液流动有粒状或断线变为正常。
3 )对血脂和动脉粥样硬化的作用:丹参煎剂灌胃对动脉粥样硬化家兔, 可降低血和肝中的甘油三酯。 丹参及白花丹参能掏家兔实验性冠状动脉大 分支粥样斑块的形成。 用细胞模型实验方法, 发现丹胡素具有明显减慢、 氧化脂蛋白中, 丙二醛(MM)含量明显减少以及氧化脂蛋白对细胞的毒性 作用明显减弱, 提示丹参素可用于动脉粥样硬化的防治。
4)、 对血液系统的影响
( 1 )、 抗凝血、 促纤溶作用 动物实验表明, 丹胡具有抗内、 外凝血 系统的功能, 可使复钙时间 (RT)、 凝血酶原时间 (PT)及白陶土部分凝血 激酶时间 (KPTT) 延长, 并促进纤维蛋白降解。
(2)、 抑制血小板聚集和抗血栓形成 丹参注射液可抑制 ADP诱导的 兔血小板聚集; 使血小板粘附降低; 对体外血栓形成有抑制作用和抑制凝 血功能。
(3)、 对红细胞膜的作用 丹参能增加冠心病患者和急性缺氧大鼠全 血和红细胞 2, 3一二磷酸甘油酸 (2, 3-DPG) 的含量, 而 2, 3-DPG与维 持红细胞的双凹稳定性、 形态可塑性、 耐久性和坚韧性有关。 电镜观察丹 参酮 II, 磺酸钠可保护体外循环中犬红细胞的正常形态。 (4)、对红细胞与内皮细胞粘附特性的影响 用流室系统定量研究结 果发现, 在体外, 丹参注射液通过同时作用于健康人红细胞和培养的人脐 静脉内皮细胞。 从而使红细胞与内皮细胞粘剂附的数目减少, 强度减弱, 这可能是丹参能改善血液循环善状况的机制之一。
丹参的有效成分丹参黄酮不仅具有较强的调节血压和调节血脂作用, 更重要的是能发挥协同作用, 明显增强葛根和绞股蓝的功效作用。
四、 茶叶
(一) 药性: 茶叶性味甘苦、 湮、 微寒、 无毒, 归心、 脾、 肾、 大肠。 可止渴生津, 消食利水, 兴奋提神, 除湿清热, 善祛油腻, 解酒除烦, 助 消化, 祛暑热, 消脂减肥, 解毒止泻。 主治: 口干热渴, 小便不利, 食积 不消, 过食油腻, 热毒赤白痢, 多睡不醒, 饮酒过量, 胸闷烦躁, 身体肥 胖, 高血压。
(二) 药理: 绿茶之所以具有治疗的效果主要是因为儿茶素 ( catechins ), 具有类黄酮结构 (flavonoid structure) 的多酚物质。 有 四种主要的绿茶儿茶素即: (-) - epicatechin (EC), (-) - epigallocatechin ( EGC ) , (-) -epicatechin gallate ( ECg ) , 与 (-) -epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), 另外尚有其它含量较少的儿茶素衍生物质之存在。
"epi "指的是立体化学上位置 3的地方, 而 H是接在 的位置。 在儿 茶素中, 其类黄酮架构的 C环, 如儿茶酚(catechol ), 在 gallocatechins 中有 2个 ortho aromatic hydroxy Is , C环含有一与 pyrogallol相似的 ortho trihydroxyl。 取代 C3的羟基能被鞣酸 (gallic acid) 加以酯化产 生 gallocatechin gallate (GCG)或 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), 且容易被氧或酵素氧化成醌(guinone) 的结构。 就是因为这个特性使儿茶 素成为有效的抗氧化剂与自由基去除剂。 Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) 是这些系列中抗氧化效果最好的, 且此一化合物被认为最具生理活性
(Mitscher et al., 1997)。
中国自古就有饮茶的习惯, 其保健作用已为人们所熟知。 其药理作用 广泛, 具有抗肿瘤、 防治心脑血管疾病、 抑制致病微生物等作用。
绿茶中的多酚物质在药理学上的活性已在临床上利用体外与动物试验 的系统加以研究, 而这些研究着重于抗氧化活性方面。 很有趣的是, 我们 注意到新鲜采收的 Camellia sinensis叶片中含有 peroxidase (TcAPX II ), 是纪录中当作抗坏血酸的还原受质中具有最高的活性的物质。 此一发现引 起对于植物生理学上具有因应氧气压力 (aerobic stress )状况下所产生 具抗氧化作用酵素的潜在能力 (Kvaratskhelia et al. , 1999) 。
1 )循环系统的作用 (Cardiovascular and Circulatory Functions )、 胆固醇与脂质的代谢 (Cholesterol and lipid metabolism)
Lin等人于 1998年注意到, 在老鼠的基础膳食中混有 2. 5%的绿茶叶 粉末经 63周的喂食后, 其体重有显著的下降。 而喂食量与饮水量则与控制 在与喂食基础膳食等量, 于 15周后, 绿茶组的体重下降 12% (p<0. 05), 而 15周到研究结束的 63周,平均的体重皆少于对照组的 10〜18%(p<0. 0005), 且 100%存活。在第 27周时, 在绿茶组的总血清胆固醇, triglyceride, 与 LDL- cholesterol的量有显著的降低血脂效果, 但到了 63周时, LDL-c则 与对照组无显著差异。 而 HDL-c无论何时皆与对照组无显著差异。
Watanabe等人 (1998) 指出, 以 aqueous methanol 萃取的绿茶能于 体外试验中抑制 acetyl-coA Carboxylase的活性。 而这主要的活性是来自 于 (-) - epigallocatechin ( EGCg) ( IC50 3. 1 X 10—", 而 (-) - epicatechin gallate (ECg) 与(-) - epigallocatechin gllate (EGCg) 几乎有同等的效 能。 绿茶中 acetyl- coA carboxylase 的活性抑制作用比红茶, pooa 茶 enokitate mushrooms , Panaxginseng^ Welsh onion禾口其它的食物者 P还来 的强。
长期喂食老鼠绿茶多酚物质, 对其脂质与血浆中肝、 肾中的脂质过氧 化物有明显的还原作用。 饮食中含有 1%绿茶多酚物质的较成熟的动物中 (3〜19个月), 其血清中的脂质过氧化物, 三酸甘油脂, 总胆固醇与磷脂 质皆有明显的下降。 体重的增加于年轻的老鼠中有减少, 且与对照组比较 起来, 其肝肾的重量皆属正常。 此一结果显示, 长期喂食绿茶多酚物质会 有降低胆固醇效果 (Sano et al. , 1995)。
在高血压实验鼠中, 饮食中添加绿茶多酚物质, 6周后, 其血清胆固醇 与三酸甘油脂有明显的还原作用, 且其血清中的 HDL与对照组比较有明显 的上升。
在另一个研究中, 以致动脉硬化膳食添加绿茶喂食后, 其血液中的胆固醇 量并无上升,但血清中之三酸甘油脂与 HDL的量也未受影响(Yamaguchi et al. , 1991 )。
2)夕卜围血管功用 (Peripheral vascular functions) Huang 等人 ( 1999 ) 指 出 , (-) - epicatechin ( EC ) 会对 endothelium- intact rat mesenteric artery (内皮完整老鼠之肠系膜动 脉) 有抑制其 concentration-dependent vasorelaxing effect (因浓度所 产生血管放松作用), 且会显著地增加这些动脉组织外的 cyclic GMP含量。 试验显示 endothelical mechanisms (内皮的机制)与增加释放氧化氮与细 胞内钙离子的增加有关。
3)血栓症、止血与栓塞 (Thrombosis, hemostasis and embolism ) 热水萃取的绿茶萃取物, 与绿茶儿茶素以 dose-dependently抑制经洗 净的兔子血小板, 其中 EGCg抑制了以胶原, 凝血腾, 与血小板聚集因子所 引发的血小板聚集 (Sagesaka-Mitane et al., 1990)。如之前所说的, amino acid theanine (2-amino-5- (N-ethylcarboxylamido) pentanoic acid) 为 全血中因凝血嗨所产生的凝血作用的有效抑制剂。 Ali等人(1990)也测量 到了喂食未经处理的茶叶 8周后成鼠与年轻老鼠的血栓素 (thromboxane) 皆有显著的降少。 但喂食未经处理的茶叶则无此结果。 体外实验也提供了 绿茶成分具保护心脏的效果, 也许可用来预防动脉硬化症。 茶胺酸, 茶中 所含的独特胺基酸可抑制兔子全血由凝血腌所引发的血栓作用。 当喂食老 鼠 3周此胺基酸后, 血浆中之血栓素有显著的下降, 胆固醇亦有下降(Ali et al. , 1990)。
4)消化、肝脏与胃肠功能(Digestive, Hfepatic, and Gastrointestinal
Functions)
动物试 中显示,绿茶及其成分具有保护肝脏的功能。 Lin等人(1998) 指出,于老鼠的基础膳食中添加 2. 5%的绿茶粉末 63周后,其 liver catalase 与 glutathione S- transferase活性有显著的上升。 雄鼠喂以含有 0. 5%的 即溶绿茶粉的饮水后, 则比未添加绿茶粉的老鼠有降低 20〜30%的 hepatic nuclear aflatoxu Bl-DNA binding。 当老鼠事先以即溶绿茶粉喂食 (饮水 中含 0. 5%, 2〜4周)后, 其因 aflatoxin B1 所引发的 glutathione, S-transferase placental form-positive hepatocytes遭抑制 60〜70%。 此研究得到一结论,绿茶能调节老鼠体内的 aflatoxin B1代谢(Qin et al., 1997)。
Hasegawa等人(1995)在对老鼠 single i. p注射致癌物 2- nitropropene 之 2周前先喂以绿茶为其饮水。 8与 16小时后在测量其 liver nuclear 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level与 hepatoxicity paxameters。 两种时间 中, 绿茶皆抑制了 50%的肝细胞核中的 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine之增加。 相同的, 因 2- nitropeene引发 time- dependent的肝酵素也被绿茶所抑制。 虽然绿茶对于因为接触到致癌物质所产生的血清脂质过氧化物或是三酸甘 油脂并无明显的降低效果, 但在组织病理学的检验显示, 于 15小时后对于 抗肝脏退化变质有效脂保护作用。在相同浓度下,绿茶萃取物比单只有 EGCg 更为有效, 这显示在粗萃取液中含有其它具有保护肝脏的成分。
五、 杜仲皮药性: 《神农本草经》 中记载: "杜仲皮主治腰脊疼, 补中, 益精气, 坚筋骨, 强志, 除阴下痒湿, 小便余沥。 久服轻身不老。 "杜仲 皮是重要的中药材, 有补肝肾, 壮筋骨, 止漏, 安胎之功效。 主治: 肾虚, 痛, 腿软无力, 胎动不安, 头暈等症, 是常用的重要中药材。 据苏联医 学专家报道, 用杜仲皮和白酒浸泡, 制成药酒, 对治疗高血压, 高血脂有 特效。
(一) 药理:
杜仲主要含有下列成分: ①木脂素及其苷类: 包括松脂酚类、丁香树脂 醇类、 橄榄树脂素类、 Medioresinol 类和松柏醇类; ②环烯醚萜类: 包括 杜仲醇 (eucommi- ol)、 杜仲醇苷 (eucomm ioside)、 京尼平、 脱氧 杜仲 醇、 京尼平苷、 京尼平苷酸、 桃叶珊瑚苷 (auCUbin)、 哈帕苷丁酸酯、 筋 骨草苷、 雷扑 妥苷、 杜仲醇苷、 车叶草苷、 车叶草酸、 去乙酰车叶草酸和 10-乙酰鸡屎藤苷表杜仲醇; ③酚类化合物: 包括邻苯二酚、 香草酸、 咖 啡酸、 氯原酸甲酯、 氯原酸、 紫丁香苷、 松柏苷、 3-羟基苯丙酸和 3, 4- 二羟基苯丙酸; ④ 萜类化合物: 包括 β -谷 醇、 胡萝卜苷和三萜类化 合物 (直链三萜醇、 白桦脂醇 、 白桦脂酸、熊果酸);⑤氨基酸及微量元素: 包括丝氨酸、 谷氨酸、 甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 精氨酸等 17种游离氨基酸和锗、 硒等 15种微量元素; ⑥其它成分: 抗真菌蛋白、 正二十九烷、 正三十烷、 生物碱、 多糖、 槲皮素及化合物 citrusilin B等。
1 )抗炎抗病毒作用: 氯原酸有较强的抗菌作用。 桃叶珊瑚苷具有明显 的保肝活性, 能明显抑制乙型肝炎病毒 DNA 的复制。 桃叶珊瑚苷本身并不 具抗病毒作用, 但当它与葡萄糖苷酶一起预培养后会产生明显的抗病毒作 用。
2) 降压作用: 临床检验证明, 高血压病人红细胞中 Zn/Cu值为 15. 04±2. 50, 明显高于正常人, 而杜仲叶、 皮的 Zn/Cu 比值仅为 3. 82和 3. 46。 因此, 杜仲对降低高血压病人红细胞中的 Zn/Cu有一定作用。 从杜仲皮中分离出的含环烯醚萜苷类和木脂素类的水溶性提取物口服 后能降低大鼠血压, '给高血压大鼠静脉注射从杜仲中分离的松脂醇二葡萄 糖苷时, 30 mg/kg剂量可降低血压 3. 3 〜4. 7 kPa, 40 mg/kg剂量时可下 降 10. 7 kPa, 100 mg/kg剂量时可降低 12〜16 kPa。
杜仲中所含的生物碱、 桃叶珊瑚苷、 氯原酸和多糖均有不同程度的降 压效果。
杜仲中的微量元素锌和钙含量较高, 可以纠正阴虚证型高血压病人的 锌含量而起到降压作用。
3) 抗肿瘤活性: 杜仲中所含的枫叶珊瑚苷、 京尼平苷有抗肿瘤活性。 Temp eta报道木脂类丁香脂素双糖苷在抑制淋巴细胞白血病系中有较好的 活性, 浓度 12. 5 mg/k g可控制 T/C值 126。 杜仲的抗癌作用亦可能与 β _胡萝卜素有关。
4)对免疫功能的影响: 从杜仲叶的氯仿提取物中分离得到地黄普内 酯 (loliolide),具有免疫抑制活性, 且是一种主要干扰 T淋巴细胞功能的 免疫抑制物质。 杜仲煎剂的两次醇沉淀液, 能激活大鼠单核巨噬细胞系统 及其活性, 能抑制 DNA抽致辞的迟发性超过过敏反应, 可使 S-180小鼠外 周血中 T细胞百分比增高, 增强机体的非免疫性功能, 并能对抗氢公可地 松的免疫抑制作用。 给小鼠灌服杜仲水煎两次沉淀液 (lg/ml ), 剂量 10ml/kg, 可使小鼠血浆中的 CAMP含量升高 (p < 0. 05)、 CGMP亦升高 (p < 0. 05), 这表明杜仲煎剂能增强机体体液免疫功能。但对细胞免疫的调节 强于体液免疫的双相调节。
杜仲的多糖能兴奋网状内皮系统, 增强机体非特异性免疫功能。 但对 体液免疫系统似乎无明显影响。 杜仲煎剂灌服, 对氢化可的松作用下小鼠 巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞功能有 明显影响, 吞噬活力增加。
皮下注射杜仲皮的水溶性提取物, 能提高小鼠血中炭末廓清率, 增强网 状内皮系统的吞噬功能。 实验表明灌服经水提取后醇沉淀的杜仲, 可抑制 DNCB (2, 4-二硝基氯苯)所致的迟发型超敏反应, 并能对抗大剂量氢化可 的松所致的 T细胞百分比降低, 使小鼠外周血中 T细胞百分比增高, 腋腔 巨噬细胞吞噬细胞功能增强, 对细胞免疫显示双相的调整作用。
5) 抗衰老作用: 近分离鹅掌楸甙 (Ciriodendrin) 是杜仲的药理活性 有效成分, 其防止由 "应激一诱导"引起的动物性行为和直肠温度下降的 作用, 并能防止记忆衰退, 恢复记忆, 防止肾上腺的重量下降的作用, 但 没有应激一诱导增强肾上腺血清皮质酮含量、 下丘脑和肾上腺重量的作用。
生杜仲水煎液灌肠给药,可使醋酸可的松造成的类阳虚小鼠红细胞 SOD 活力增加, 杜仲水提取液有抗脂质过氧化作用, 能抑制 Fe 2+所致的丙二 醛生成, 对大鼠肝脏, 肌肉的脂质过氧化有明显保护作用。
6)利尿作用: 杜仲的各种制剂对麻醉犬皆有利尿作用, 且无 "快速耐 受"现象, 对正常大鼠、 小鼠亦有利尿作用, 认为其利尿作用与其所含的 钾有关。 此外, 其醇浸剂能减少大鼠肠中胆甾醇的吸收。
7) 其它: 杜仲还具有扩张血管、 降低血糖血脂、 镇静镇痛、 抗炎、 利 尿、 抗应激、 减弱子宫收缩等作用。 8 ) 毒性试验: 杜仲毒性很低, 其煎剂 15- 25kg/kg经兔灌胃仅有轻度 的抑制作用, 未见中毒症状, 小鼠连服同样剂睛 5天未见死亡, 亚急性试 验结果, 可引起大鼠、 兔及犬的肾组织轻度水肿变性, 心肝及脾组织未见 病变 (ZYD, 2098)。
上述组分中, 葛根素的提取是根据中国专利局公开的 《纯水法提取高 纯葛根素的新工艺》(申请号: 02113938. 5, 公开号: CN1364760A)获得的; 丹参的提取工艺是将丹参药材饮片中加入提取溶媒, 冷浸 1 小时后, 回流 提取、 过滤, 然后合并提取液, 减压回收。 药液分别经低温干燥, 粉碎成 粗粉备用; 绞股蓝皂苷采用水提法, 经多种树脂富集、 分离、 纯化精制粉 末状, 茶叶提取物和杜仲皮提取物的提取工艺均是成熟的现有技术。
实施例: 将葛根素 25g, 绞股蓝提取物 15g, 丹参提取物 30g, 茶叶提取物 10g,杜仲皮提取物 10g分别粉碎后用 20目筛过筛, 然后将其分别投入混合 机内混合均匀。 其混合方式采用外加入法, 可使各药物之间不产生化学变 化和化学反应, 以保证其药理特性。 混合后再釆用湿法制粒, 然后在 60°C 以下干燥 4个小时, 检验后包装灌装成胶囊。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种可调节血压和血脂、 防治心脑血管疾病的葛胶囊, 其特征在于 它是以下述重量配比的原料制成的胶囊:
葛根素 15g- 30g、 绞股蓝提取物 10g- 30g、 丹参提取物 20g-30g、 茶叶 提取物 10-20g、 杜仲皮提取物 10-20g。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的可调节血压和血脂、 防治心脑血管疾病的葛 胶囊,其特征在于所述葛根提取物含葛根总黄酮为 30%- 50%、绞股蓝提取物 含总皂甙 70%- 80%, 丹参提取物含丹参酮 10%〜20%,茶叶提取物含茶多酚 60%〜70%,杜仲皮提取物之提取比为 20 : 1。
PCT/CN2004/001169 2004-08-09 2004-10-14 Capsule pour la régulation de la pression artérielle et de l’hyperlipidémie et la prévention et le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires et cérébrovasculaires WO2006015522A1 (fr)

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