WO2006009488A1 - Structure interne d'un reacteur - Google Patents
Structure interne d'un reacteur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006009488A1 WO2006009488A1 PCT/RU2005/000322 RU2005000322W WO2006009488A1 WO 2006009488 A1 WO2006009488 A1 WO 2006009488A1 RU 2005000322 W RU2005000322 W RU 2005000322W WO 2006009488 A1 WO2006009488 A1 WO 2006009488A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- liquid
- reactor
- contact devices
- lowering
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J10/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particles, or apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the hardware design of chemical processes occurring in a gas-liquid medium, namely to the design of the internal structure of the reactor with an ascending unidirectional phase motion.
- the invention can be used, in particular, in reactors for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and pressures.
- Urea synthesis reactors are vertical hollow devices with reagent inlet and outlet pipes, inside which devices of various designs are placed, which increase the efficiency of mixing liquid and gaseous reagents and reduce longitudinal mixing in the reactor.
- contact devices are installed both in addition to the perforated partitions and as independent internal devices.
- the internal structure of the reactor for the interaction of the gas and liquid phases contains contact devices located under the support grid, each of which is a vertical pipe fixed to the support end by the upper end, divided into the support and drain elements by an internal vertical partition, which in the upper part is adjacent to support grid, and in the lower part does not reach the lower muffled end of the pipe, and the lowering element is muffled from above with separate input holes for liquid and gas on the side surface of the upper part, and the lifting element has an opening on the support grid for the course of the gas-liquid mixture (SU 2114691, 01 J 10/00, 1998).
- Known internal device is characterized by the complexity of the manufacture and assembly of contact devices.
- the design features of the contact devices determine their significant hydraulic resistance and low efficiency of the reaction processes occurring in them due to the occurrence of a cork mode of two-phase flow in them, characterized by sharp fluctuations in the flow rates of the liquid and gas phases.
- the design of the contact devices does not provide the possibility of emptying, which is necessary for the safe conduct of internal inspections and repairs of the reactor.
- the closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the internal device of the reactor for the interaction of gas and liquid media, containing contact devices located under the support grid, each of which consists of vertical tubular lowering and lifting elements connected to each other in the support grid, interconnected in the lower part of the U-shaped tubular element of the same diameter, and the lowering element is muffled from above with separate inlet openings for liquid and gas on the side surface of the upper part, and the lifting element has an opening on the support grid for the exit of the gas-liquid mixture (SU 2168355, B Ol J 10/00, 19/00, 2001).
- This design of contact devices is more manufacturable and to some extent solves the problem of reducing hydraulic resistance, however, it has the same operational disadvantages as the previous design.
- the common cause of increased resistance and insufficient efficiency of the contact devices is the unstable mode of gas-liquid flow in their lowering elements.
- the presence on the lowering elements of two rows of inlets leads to the fact that under the support grid a gas cushion is formed with a phase interface between the upper and lower rows of inlets.
- the gas entering through the upper row of holes enters the lowering elements not in the form of small bubbles, but in the form of plugs that overlap the entire cross section of the lowering element and cause a sharp increase in its hydraulic resistance.
- a cork regime of gas-liquid flow is formed: in the lowering element, long gas and liquid plugs, the movement of which is accompanied by sharp surges in flow and pressure.
- a low-frequency self-oscillation mode is established in the contact elements, in which the breakthroughs of gas plugs alternate with long pauses associated with the passage of liquid and an increase in the volume of the gas cushion.
- the interfacial surface formed in contact devices in this mode is very small, and the reaction process is not efficient enough.
- the objective is to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the contact devices, increase the efficiency of the reaction process occurring in them, and ensure free emptying of the contact devices during periodic shutdowns of the process.
- the problem is solved by improving the design of the internal structure of the reactor.
- the technical result that can be obtained using the invention is to ensure the movement of gas-liquid flow through the contact devices in a stable bubble mode.
- This mode provides flow stability and a developed phase contact surface. Due to this, the hydraulic resistance of contact devices is reduced and the efficiency of the reaction process is increased.
- an internal reactor device for the interaction of gas and liquid media consisting of contact devices fixed by ends in the support grid, each of which consists of vertical tubular lowering and lifting elements interconnected by a U-shaped tubular element of the same diameter, characterized in that the contact devices are located above the support grid, and the lifting element has an opening on the support grid for the entrance of liquid and gas, and The roof element is muffled from the bottom with outlet openings for the gas-liquid mixture on the side surface of the lower part.
- FIG. 1 shows in longitudinal section a specific urea synthesis reactor with the internal device inside it; in FIG. 2 - in longitudinal section, the contact device and its mounting in the support grid.
- the reactor consists of a vertical vessel 1 with nozzles for introducing 2, 3, and 4 liquid and gaseous reagents, a nozzle for withdrawing reaction products 5, a switchgear 6, horizontal perforated partitions 7, and contact devices 8 made of pipes of constant cross section and fixed in the support grating 9.
- Contact devices are located above the support grating in the lower third of the reactor, where the amount of gas phase is large. The number of perforated partitions and the distance between adjacent partitions are determined by the nature of the process and can be different.
- each contact device 8 consists of two vertical tubular elements - lifting 10 and lowering 11. Elements 10 and 11 in the upper part are interconnected by a U-shaped tubular element 12 of the same diameter. Elements 10 and 11 are fixed at their lower ends in the support grid 9.
- the lift element 10 has an opening 13 on the support grill, which is open for liquid and gas inlet, at the lower element 11, the opening is blocked by a plug 14.
- holes 15 are arranged uniformly around the circumference of the pipe for the exit of the gas-liquid mixture.
- the upper end face of the plug 14 is placed between the upper plane of the support grid 9 and the lower edge of the side holes 15.
- the U-shaped element 12 can be made separately from the elements 10 and 11, and then welded to them with two ring seams, or made together with them from one pipe blanks.
- In the support grid 9 there are drainage holes 16 for draining the reaction mixture during process shutdowns.
- the reactor operates as follows.
- the initial liquid and gaseous reagents (in the case of urea synthesis, liquid ammonia, a solution of carbon ammonium salts and gaseous carbon dioxide) enter the reactor 1 through nozzles 2, 3, 4.
- a distributor 6 is intended for mixing, dispersing and distributing the reagents over the apparatus cross section.
- the gas-liquid mixture enters the space filled with contact devices 8.
- the gas-liquid mixture through the inlet 13 enters the lifting elements 10, where the call and liquid phases contact in the conditions of ascending forward flow. Further, the gas-liquid mixture passes through the U-shaped element 12 and enters the lowering elements 11, where the contacting of the phases continues under downward flow conditions.
- the downward gas-liquid flow through the openings 15 leaves the contact devices in the area above the support grating 9 and then enters the upper reaction zone of the reactor filled with horizontal perforated baffles 7. After passing through all the baffles, the reaction products are discharged from the reactor through the pipe 5.
- the gas-liquid mixture is first introduced not into the lowering but into the lifting elements of the contact devices. Due to the difference in the densities of the liquid and gas in the lifting elements, a gas-lifting effect occurs, which contributes to the rise of the gas-liquid mixture and its unhindered passage through the contact devices.
- the bubble structure of the gas-liquid flow created in the lower part of the reactor by the distribution device 6 is stored in the contact devices. Further, in the presence of large bubbles, commensurate with the cross section of the lifting elements, the gas lift effect only intensifies, and the bubble mode of flow does not change. Having gained speed in the lifting elements, the dispersed gas-liquid flow enters the lowering elements 11 and passes them by inertia without the formation of a plug mode.
- the invention can be used, in particular, in reactors for the synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
UAA200700187A UA83435C2 (ru) | 2004-07-13 | 2005-09-06 | Внутреннее устройство реактора |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2004121511/15A RU2261141C1 (ru) | 2004-07-13 | 2004-07-13 | Внутреннее устройство реактора |
RU2004121511 | 2004-07-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006009488A1 true WO2006009488A1 (fr) | 2006-01-26 |
Family
ID=35785503
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/RU2005/000322 WO2006009488A1 (fr) | 2004-07-13 | 2005-06-09 | Structure interne d'un reacteur |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
LT (1) | LT5424B (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2261141C1 (ru) |
UA (1) | UA83435C2 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2006009488A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2365797C1 (ru) | 2008-01-21 | 2009-08-27 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Карбамида И Продуктов Органического Синтеза" (Оао Ниик) | Гидродинамический генератор и внутреннее устройство реактора (варианты) |
CN104275132A (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-14 | 武汉江汉化工设计有限公司 | 生产二甲基亚砜用硫醚氧化塔 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4545945A (en) * | 1980-12-13 | 1985-10-08 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for improving the gas distribution in air-lift loop reactors |
SU1219130A1 (ru) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-23 | Ленинградский Ордена Октябрьской Революции И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Технологический Институт Им.Ленсовета | Газлифтный реактор |
RU2168355C1 (ru) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-06-10 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Карбамида И Продуктов Органического Синтеза" | Насадка вертикального реактора |
RU2195364C1 (ru) * | 2001-09-12 | 2002-12-27 | Жестков Сергей Васильевич | Насадка вертикального прямоточного реактора |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU808122A1 (ru) | 1976-06-07 | 1981-02-28 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4302 | Колонна синтеза мочевины |
SU1088779A1 (ru) | 1982-03-12 | 1984-04-30 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4302 | Реактор синтеза мочевины |
RU2114691C1 (ru) | 1995-11-20 | 1998-07-10 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экос" | Реактор |
-
2004
- 2004-07-13 RU RU2004121511/15A patent/RU2261141C1/ru active
-
2005
- 2005-06-09 WO PCT/RU2005/000322 patent/WO2006009488A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2005-09-06 UA UAA200700187A patent/UA83435C2/ru unknown
-
2006
- 2006-12-04 LT LT2006089A patent/LT5424B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4545945A (en) * | 1980-12-13 | 1985-10-08 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for improving the gas distribution in air-lift loop reactors |
SU1219130A1 (ru) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-23 | Ленинградский Ордена Октябрьской Революции И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Технологический Институт Им.Ленсовета | Газлифтный реактор |
RU2168355C1 (ru) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-06-10 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Карбамида И Продуктов Органического Синтеза" | Насадка вертикального реактора |
RU2195364C1 (ru) * | 2001-09-12 | 2002-12-27 | Жестков Сергей Васильевич | Насадка вертикального прямоточного реактора |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
LT5424B (lt) | 2007-05-25 |
LT2006089A (en) | 2007-02-26 |
UA83435C2 (ru) | 2008-07-10 |
RU2261141C1 (ru) | 2005-09-27 |
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