WO2006002485A1 - Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006002485A1 WO2006002485A1 PCT/AU2005/000984 AU2005000984W WO2006002485A1 WO 2006002485 A1 WO2006002485 A1 WO 2006002485A1 AU 2005000984 W AU2005000984 W AU 2005000984W WO 2006002485 A1 WO2006002485 A1 WO 2006002485A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- configuration
- conductive medium
- organisms
- secondary winding
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M19/00—Apparatus for the destruction of noxious animals, other than insects, by hot water, steam, hot air, or electricity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
- H05C1/04—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages
- H05C1/06—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages operating only when touched
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
- H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of providing and/or inducing electric current into an object or medium. Specifically, the electric current is used to influence, kill, inhibit movement or stun the object or one or more organisms in the medium.
- the present invention has many applications, some of which (without limitation) are detailed herein including marine or ship applications, aquacuiture industry applications, waste treatment applications and any other applications where the treatment of fluid is required.
- the invention relates to inducing an electric voltage field or current into a medium, such as fluid, for example water, bodily fluids or food and related products.
- the present invention relates a means and/or a method by which an electric voltage field or current can be delivered to a remote object.
- the present invention relates to what is termed 'bio-fouiing', in which pipes and other fluid conduits become constricted or even blocked by organisms present in the medium flowing through the conduits.
- pipes or water storage such as ballast
- the present invention relates to alleviating or preventing bio-fouling and invasive species transport.
- the present invention relates to inducing a current into a medium being a relatively 'non-contacf form of delivery of electric voltage field or current into the medium.
- a current is delivered into the medium without the need for electrodes being in direct contact with the medium.
- the inventors have realised that the fouling and subsequent occlusion of ships' pipework by marine organisms such as barnacles and mussels causes failure of seawater cooling and fire-fighting systems.
- a further, and more global environmental problem caused by shipping is that various organisms can be transported from one country to another in a ship's ballast water. When a ship is being loaded or unloaded, the ship discharges or intakes respectively seawater so as to maintain sea keeping stability. The result of this is transportation of marine organisms and species from port to port and country to country has been found to have potentially devastating effects on the environment and the mariculture industries.
- electrodes are provided on the pipes through which water flows and are used to make electrical contact with the water and to provide a current flow into the water:
- the electrodes are spaced some 1.5mm to 1 cm apart and are thus applicable to pipes of only similar small diameters.
- the voltage imparted across the electrodes is in the order of 8kV/cm.
- many hundreds of thousands of volts would be need. This creates safety concerns, particularly when such large voltages are used in conjunction with a conductive medium such as seawater.
- ISA Infectious Salmon Anaemia
- the disease Under EU legislation, the disease is regarded as exotic to EU waters. Immediate clearance of fish is required when the disease is confirmed and a raft of controls is put in place when the disease is suspected. Those include movement restrictions on fish, equipment, material and personnel, the disinfection of nets, and fallowing, Zones are created around suspect and confirmed sites and broadly similar controls are applied to non-infected farms located in those zones, depending on the assessment of risk.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and device adapted to deliver electrical current into a conducting medium.
- a • further object of the present invention is to alleviate at least one disadvantage associated with the prior art. .
- the present invention in one inventive aspect magnetically induces an electric voltage field or current in a conductive medium (such as seawater) without the use of electrodes and without producing any external electric field.
- the invention also provides, in another inventive aspect, a method and/or apparatus for inducing, without electrical contact (i.e. with complete galvanic isolation), and preferably without the generation of an external electric field, an electrical current in a conducting fluid.
- the invention provides, in a further inventive aspect, a method and apparatus for inducing, without electrical contact (i.e. with galvanic isolation), and (preferably) without the generation of an external electric field, an electrical voltage gradient within a fluid or other medium.
- the present invention provides a method and/or device which is adapted to produce a voltage gradient in a conductive medium so as to influence, kill or stun biological entities in the medium.
- the invention in one aspect, provides a method and/or apparatus for applying any desired voltage gradient by manipulation of the applied voltage and the number and distribution of multiple transformer cores. This treatment is considered to be relatively inexpensive as it would involve minimal power loss in the medium.
- the invention provides, in one aspect, a method and/or apparatus for applying any desired current density by manipulation of the applied voltage and the number and distribution of multiple transformer cores.
- the geometry of the invention may also be adjusted to accommodate the electrical capacity of the power electronics.
- Other aspects and preferred aspects are. disclosed in the specification and/or defined in the appended ciaims, forming a part of the description of the invention.
- Additional inventive aspects concern: • the physical construction of the magnetic and electric circuits, particularly having the conductive medium (in a conduit) as the secondary of a transformer,
- the device of the present invention in one application, may be fitted to ships and port infrastructures to sterilise the seawater used for ship cooling, fire- fighting and ballast. Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
- Figure 2 illustrates prior art, the presence of a magnetic field surrounding an electrical current flow in a coil
- Figure 3 illustrates prior art, magnetic flux in a magnetic core
- FIG. 4 illustrates a prior art transformer
- Figure 5 illustrates prior art, magnetic flux of a transformer under load
- Figure 6 illustrates an example of the components of one embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 9 illustrates the block diagram of the BioBlock invocation of this invention
- Figure 10 illustrates the types of voltage/current waveforms applied to the conducting medium to achieve desired efficiencies and efficacis.
- the inventor has still further realised that, with reference to Figure 3, by adding a magnetic core to the coil, as shown in Figure 3, the magnetic flux is increased considerably.
- the magnetic core is made from high permeability steel, the magnetic flux density may be increased by as much as 100,000 times than without the core.
- the magnetic permeability of a magnetic core represents the increase in magnetic field above that which would be produced without the core.
- a transformer is, in essence, a magnetically coupled set of electric coils, Ni and N 2 as depicted in Figure 4. If an 'ac' voltage is applied to one coil Ni, the alternating magnetic field in the core will induce a voltage, preferably an ac voltage, in the second coil N 2 . Note that there is no electrical connection between the two coils Ni and N 2 ; the voltage in the second coil N 2 is produced entirely and exclusively by the expanding and collapsing magnetic field caused by the alternating current in the first or primary coil N 1 .
- each coil has, for example, five turns of wire each, and, say, 10 V is applied to the primary coii N 1 , then 10 V will be induced and so measured on the secondary coil N 2 .
- the secondary winding N 2 is increased to 10 turns, whilst the first Ni remains at 5 turns, then there is a 1 :2 ratio between the coils N-i and N 2 and the result will be that 20 volts will be induced and measured on the secondary N 2 .
- the inventor has stili further realised that, with reference to Figure 5, by adding a load RL to the secondary coil N 2 causes a current I 2 to flow through the load RL and the secondary coil N 2 which produces a magnetic flux (secondary fiux) in opposition to that caused by the primary current (primary flux).
- the present inventor has made a further advance in that by making the primary coil from wire but making the secondary coil from a circuit of an electrically conducting medium, such as seawater (in application of the present invention to ships, for example) which medium then acts as both as the secondary coil as well as the load, electrical current can be induced into the conducting medium without the need for direct electrical contact with the conducting medium.
- the present inventor has made still a further advance by forming the secondary from a limited number of turns of the secondary winding.
- the secondary includes a single winding of the non-conductive pipe (conduit) carrying the conductive medium.
- the medium itself, inside the insulating pipe forms the load' into which the electric voltage field/current is induced.
- the water may be seawater, which is conductive.
- the medium may be another fluid.
- FIG. 6 illustrates one component embodiment of this advance.
- the primary winding, or windings, 1 are provided around a core 2.
- the secondary winding 3 is shown in cross section where it passes through the core.
- An example of the secondary 'winding' is shown in the piping configuration 4.
- Figure 7 further illustrates this embodiment of invention.
- the pipe providing a flow path 5 for the conductive medium 6 passes as a secondary winding 3 proximate the core 2.
- a first primary 7 and a second primary 8 are provided in opposing configuration. In this way, externa! electric fields generated by the windings cancel each other as they are arranged in opposing fashion.
- Voltage is applied to the first and second primary 7, 8, and a current is induced into the conductive medium 6 as it passes through the secondary winding 3.
- the voltage, and resulting current. is preferably pulsed, and timed in a manner that each 'section' or volume of conductive medium passing through the secondary winding is induced- with the current created.
- Voltage and timing is applied in the present invention and induced current is created sufficient to influence, stun or kill organisms in the conductive medium.
- the inventor has made yet a further advance in providing multiple primary windings in association with the single secondary winding.
- the electric current in the seawater which, when sufficiently high, kills the biofoulants is limited by the resistance of the seawater ioop.
- the secondary voltage is effectively increased by the multiple primary and single secondary winding, providing a form of step-up configuration.
- Figure 8 illustrates a preferred form of the present invention which includes a number of primaries.
- This embodiment may be used on, for example, the cooling conduits used to provide cooling fluid to a ship's engine.
- the seawater 6 or conductive medium As the seawater 6 or conductive medium enters the present invention, its path is split, with some of the seawater passing the first primaries 7 and some other seawater passing the second of the primaries 8.
- the region 3 and the entire water loop secondary forms the secondary loading of the invention to which current is induced.
- the piping of the secondary is preferably electrically non-conductive, such as PVC tubing.
- Figure 9 illustrates a driver circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- An AC power supply 9 provides power to a High Voltage supply 10.
- the voltage supply may be of the order of 1O00V to 2000V for a marine application.
- a pulse former 11 of suitable circuitry, together with a timer 12 and driver circuitry 13 is employed to deliver amodule of energy to the primary 7 and 8.
- the conductive medium 3 & 6in the pipe forms the secondary.
- Figure 10 illustrates a preferred timing pulse for the present embodiment.
- a number of pulses 14 of approximately, depending on the application of the invention, preferably 700 nanoseconds duration is used in the marine application.
- One or more pulses may be used depending on the degree of current that is to be induced into the conductive fluid. For example, a delay of 8 to 10 miiliseconds may be provided between pulse(s), or pulse trains, depending on the rate of flow of fluid in the pipe, and the application of the invention.
- Many researchers have examined the effect of electrical pulses on various forms of aquatic and other biological species. It is well-known and supported by the literature that. electrical pulses of the correct magnitude will kill several forms of marine life which are representative of biofouling organisms. Suitable pulses may be induced into the conductive medium depending upon the application to which the present invention is applied.
- the magnetic core of the present invention may be made of various materials, such . as: steet, metallic alloys, ferrite or amorphous alloys (glassy metal).
- the applications of the present invention are many, including, without limitation:
- a remote object such as in relation to tasers, used in delivering electric current to living organisms, such as animals and humans
- Various medical applications in which the delivery of current is used in ⁇ surgery and other medical treatments
- the present invention relates to alleviating or preventing bio-fouiing and species transport,
- the present invention may be used in conjunction with a fluid transfer system in which water from a dam or storage container having algae or other unwanted organisms is treated either prior to delivery of the water to another dam or container, or returned to the original container or dam.
- a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface to secure wooden parts together, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw are equivalent structures.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05756979A EP1787499A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium |
CA002572975A CA2572975A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium |
JP2007519563A JP2008505460A (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | Method and apparatus for supplying current to the interior of an object or medium |
AU2005259846A AU2005259846A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium |
IL180550A IL180550A0 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2007-01-04 | Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium |
NO20070696A NO20070696L (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2007-02-07 | Method and apparatus for generating electric current into an object or medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2004903724A AU2004903724A0 (en) | 2004-07-07 | Method and Apparatus for Providing Electric Current | |
AU2004903724 | 2004-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006002485A1 true WO2006002485A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
Family
ID=35782427
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2005/000984 WO2006002485A1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2005-07-06 | Method and apparatus for providing electric current into an object or medium |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1787499A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008505460A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070047279A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1985549A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2572975A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL180550A0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20070696L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006002485A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102368430B (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-03-27 | 上海交通大学 | Micro-tube inductor based on micro-fluid |
CN106614131B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-11-21 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | A kind of fish body tolerance power frequency electric shock test device using rotary electric pole plate |
US10899421B2 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2021-01-26 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Load arrangement for powering a load in liquid |
CN113511318B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Flexible machine ray device |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4251950A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-02-24 | Doyle Nutt | Electronic silvicidal apparatus |
US5113406A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1992-05-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | High temperature heating device |
US5325624A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-07-05 | Richardson R H | Electronic fly population control apparatus |
US6118111A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 2000-09-12 | Bbmr Limited | Fluid heater |
WO2002036187A2 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-10 | Thermomedics International Inc. | Heater with removable cartridge |
FR2838024A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-10 | Lukac Dragoslaw | Electrical device for extermination of insects or rodents, uses transformer to create 10kV supply that is connected into nest or infected timbers after conductive fluid has been injected into nest or timbers |
US20040084443A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Ulrich Mark A. | Method and apparatus for induction heating of a wound core |
-
2005
- 2005-07-06 WO PCT/AU2005/000984 patent/WO2006002485A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-07-06 CA CA002572975A patent/CA2572975A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-06 EP EP05756979A patent/EP1787499A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-06 JP JP2007519563A patent/JP2008505460A/en active Pending
- 2005-07-06 KR KR1020077000446A patent/KR20070047279A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-06 CN CNA2005800231081A patent/CN1985549A/en active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-01-04 IL IL180550A patent/IL180550A0/en unknown
- 2007-02-07 NO NO20070696A patent/NO20070696L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4251950A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1981-02-24 | Doyle Nutt | Electronic silvicidal apparatus |
US5113406A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1992-05-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | High temperature heating device |
US5325624A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-07-05 | Richardson R H | Electronic fly population control apparatus |
US6118111A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 2000-09-12 | Bbmr Limited | Fluid heater |
WO2002036187A2 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-10 | Thermomedics International Inc. | Heater with removable cartridge |
FR2838024A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-10 | Lukac Dragoslaw | Electrical device for extermination of insects or rodents, uses transformer to create 10kV supply that is connected into nest or infected timbers after conductive fluid has been injected into nest or timbers |
US20040084443A1 (en) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Ulrich Mark A. | Method and apparatus for induction heating of a wound core |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20070696L (en) | 2007-04-03 |
IL180550A0 (en) | 2007-06-03 |
CN1985549A (en) | 2007-06-20 |
KR20070047279A (en) | 2007-05-04 |
EP1787499A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
CA2572975A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
JP2008505460A (en) | 2008-02-21 |
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