WO2016072858A1 - Antifouling by means of induction - Google Patents

Antifouling by means of induction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016072858A1
WO2016072858A1 PCT/NO2015/000021 NO2015000021W WO2016072858A1 WO 2016072858 A1 WO2016072858 A1 WO 2016072858A1 NO 2015000021 W NO2015000021 W NO 2015000021W WO 2016072858 A1 WO2016072858 A1 WO 2016072858A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heated
induction
net
induction coil
preventing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2015/000021
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ohnstad VEBJØRN
Original Assignee
Brynsløkken As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brynsløkken As filed Critical Brynsløkken As
Publication of WO2016072858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016072858A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
    • B63B59/06—Cleaning devices for hulls
    • B63B59/08—Cleaning devices for hulls of underwater surfaces while afloat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for preventing aquatic growth on nets, hulls and other objects used in aquatic environments.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus and method for preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive.
  • Pathogens may be present on the net which will be washed off into the body of water
  • US 5,240,640 shows a method and apparatus for preventing growth on an installation located in aquatic environments.
  • heating means e.g. in the form of induction coils
  • the heating means are either fixedly installed on the installation or must be arranged around the installation each time they are to be used.
  • a disadvantage with this solution is that it is not well-suited for the treatment of surfaces that are not pre-equipped with stationary heating means.
  • Another disadvantage consists in that for the treatment of large surfaces, a heating means of correspondingly large size would have to be installed around the installation, or a smaller heating means would have to be displaced and installed around parts of the installation until the entire installation is treated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a net exposed to induction voltage
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show examples of how induction-sensitive materials can be applied to or implemented in a net
  • Fig. 4 shows the use of a OV and a hoisting rig with mounted induction coil
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative use of the invention where a ROV or a hoisting rig with mounted induction coil are used to prevent re-fouling on the hull of a barge,
  • Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment adapted to the treatment of other parts of the fish net
  • Fig. 7 shows the use of a ROV or a cradle with mounted induction coil to prevent re-fouling on a ship's hull.
  • Salmon may not like heated water; however, they do not have to stay there for a long time before the lice die. This is because a salmon has a large volume in relation to its surface and does therefore not experience any significant increase in body temperature in a short amount time. A salmon louse, on the other hand, is heated throughout its body and will die shortly thereafter.
  • the surface/net is heated by means of induction.
  • a magnetic field that induces currents in all metal within the field may be generated by means of an induction coil, and the metal will be heated according to Joule's law.
  • conductive materials e.g. carbon fiber and other non-metallic materials, which in addition may have other advantageous properties regarding strength, life span, resistance to corrosion, weight, ductility and applicability.
  • Magnetic hysteresis is another mechanism that will/can contribute to heating a material exposed to magnetic induction.
  • An aquaculture net may have a size of 8000 m2 and weigh 6-7,000 kg.
  • Materials/surfaces may be made responsive to inductive heating in several ways:
  • FIG. 1 shows a net treated with such a material next to an induction coil.
  • a conventional net has a coating containing materials that are heated when exposed to a magnetic/induction field. Additionally, the coating may have other properties, e.g. protection against water penetration, protection against corrosion, UV filter, low friction etc.
  • Fig. 1 shows how eggs or other microorganisms die when being heated.
  • the net may be made of materials which heat up in such a magnetic field, and may be surface- treated thereafter with a heat-resistant product which at the same time prevents corrosion. This is shown in Fig. 2 and 3, respectively.
  • metals may be used, or organic materials/composite materials with carbon fibers, metal particles or the like may be developed.
  • the induction coil must be held close to the material/object to be heated.
  • the induction coil may be attached to existing washing rigs, possibly also OVs, and replace washing.
  • Figure 4 shows a ROV that can move around on the net with an induction coil, and a rig that can be hoisted up and down along the net with an induction coil.
  • Fig. 4 also shows a cleaning hoist which can be hoisted up and down in the water next to the net.
  • Such heating will have a very good overall degree of effectiveness and will be highly local, i.e. only the intended surface or portions will be heated.
  • the frequency of the AC current used depends on the size of the object, the type of material, the connection (between the coil and the object to be heated) and the depth of penetration.
  • the approach may also applied to closed farms and hatcheries where the salmon has not yet been smoltified (fresh water)
  • Closed farms are undergoing continuous development, and they are often intended for use at locations with limited water exchange or areas where the environment due to other reasons calls for stricter effluent control. These are often locations which are also more sensitive for copper discharges (far into fjords where the water exchange is limited).
  • Tanks containing salmonids in the fresh-water stage must not be treated with copper-containing products as they turn highly toxic in fresh water.
  • the hull By applying induction heat to the hull at regular intervals (advantageously when in port), the hull can be kept free from marine growth.
  • the hull may be heated directly by means of induction.
  • the bottom paint may be replaced by a heat- resistant, corrosion-preventing surface treatment.
  • it is the hull that will be heated by induction during the surface treatment.
  • Figure 7 shows hulls being heated by induction. This can be done by a ROV or in another way.
  • Figure 7 also shows an alternative where a boat lock or a cradle constituting a fixed or displaceable installation in a port may be used to heat the surface of a hull when in port.
  • the hull may also be made of a laminate of steel and a substance which withstands heat and protects the steel from corrosion. In this case, the steel will be the innermost layer and constitute the layer heated by induction, unless the outermost layer is also heatable by induction.
  • hulls may be constructed from materials that do not corrode while at the same time being able to be heated by induction. In this case, the hull is heated by induction.
  • This approach may be suitable for hull materials other than steel, e.g. carbon, composites, glass fiber etc., where weight and/or speed are of importance.
  • antifouling agents it may be treated for low friction in the water etc.
  • Boats with a hull made of materials that cannot be heated by induction may be surface-treated with a substance that can be heated by induction.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for preventing aquatic growth on a surface of nets and other objects used in aquatic environments, or preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive, the surface being heated by means of at least one induction coil which generates a magnetic induction field, where a transportation body selected from the group comprising a ROV, hoisting rig, lock and cradle is used to guide the at least one induction coil along the surface to be heated.

Description

Antifouling by means of induction
Field of the invention
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for preventing aquatic growth on nets, hulls and other objects used in aquatic environments. The invention also relates to an apparatus and method for preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive.
Background - Aquafarming
Today's copper-containing antifouling products are not suited to meet tomorrow's environmental requirements. Usually, the products last for a few months before fouling on the net starts to accumulate. Fouling on nets is undesirable for several reasons. First and foremost, it obstructs the passage of water and thus the oxygen supply to the fish inside it. In addition, wrasses introduced in the net pens to feed on salmon lice, will rather eat from the net and thus become rather ineffective.
As soon as fouling is observed on the net, it must be cleaned. In some cases, it might be sufficient to use suction to carefully remove algae and other things that came floating and adhered to the net, but as a general rule, powerful pressure washers are used which are lowered into the water and wash the net «in situ». Very high pressures are used which will wash off everything, including most of the impregnating agent (antifouling product) with which the net had been treated. As a result, after the first wash, the net will have to be washed regularly and often in the course of a season (every seventh day is not unusual). This type of cleaning, combined with the use of copper-containing products on the net, will not be acceptable under the environmental requirement laid down in the ASC standard, which is an environmental standard to which 70% of all salmon farmers globally intend to adhere to over the next few years. The most wide-spread antifouling strategy applied without using cobber-containing biocides is frequent washing from the time of introduction up until harvest. This, too, has a number of disadvantages.
- Stress for the fish (reduced appetite)
-Risk of infection. Pathogens may be present on the net which will be washed off into the body of water
-Inflammation of the gills (some organisms growing on nets may be cnidaria which irritate the gills)
-Inflammation or irritation of the gills make the fish more prone to the development of serious gill disease
Even though the above examples are related to fish, the problems, and consequently the solutions, are just as relevant for the farming of other types of aquatic organisms, e.g. mussels, shellfish etc.
US 5,240,640 shows a method and apparatus for preventing growth on an installation located in aquatic environments. US 5,240,640 discloses that heating means, e.g. in the form of induction coils, are arranged on the installation, which are activated/turned on at regular intervals in order to heat the surface of the installation. The heating means are either fixedly installed on the installation or must be arranged around the installation each time they are to be used. A disadvantage with this solution is that it is not well-suited for the treatment of surfaces that are not pre-equipped with stationary heating means. Another disadvantage consists in that for the treatment of large surfaces, a heating means of correspondingly large size would have to be installed around the installation, or a smaller heating means would have to be displaced and installed around parts of the installation until the entire installation is treated.
According to the invention, one or more of the above-mentioned problems are solved by a device and method characterized by the features indicated in the appended independent claims.
Additional alternative or advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims. In the following, non-limiting examples and details are presented with reference to the attached figures, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a net exposed to induction voltage,
Figs. 2 and 3 show examples of how induction-sensitive materials can be applied to or implemented in a net,
Fig. 4 shows the use of a OV and a hoisting rig with mounted induction coil,
Fig. 5 shows an alternative use of the invention where a ROV or a hoisting rig with mounted induction coil are used to prevent re-fouling on the hull of a barge,
Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment adapted to the treatment of other parts of the fish net, and
Fig. 7 shows the use of a ROV or a cradle with mounted induction coil to prevent re-fouling on a ship's hull.
Detailed description Aquafarming
All organisms which grow on nets in the sea begin their lives as creatures very small in size. They often land on the surface as larvae (plankton) and are too tiny to be seen by the naked eye. Otherwise put, they are very close to the surface. These small organisms are sensitive to elevated temperatures. Their modest size means that they heat up quickly and die if the surface they sit on gets warm. By heating the surface regularly, no organism landing on the surface will survive. Even though we do not know the exact temperature necessary to kill all organisms that might possibly grow on a surface in the sea, very high temperatures are not necessary. As an example it can be mentioned that one of the approaches for removing salmon lice from salmon is to introduce the salmon into heated water. Salmon may not like heated water; however, they do not have to stay there for a long time before the lice die. This is because a salmon has a large volume in relation to its surface and does therefore not experience any significant increase in body temperature in a short amount time. A salmon louse, on the other hand, is heated throughout its body and will die shortly thereafter.
According to the present invention, the surface/net is heated by means of induction. By rendering the net/the surface responsive to inductive heating, a magnetic field that induces currents in all metal within the field may be generated by means of an induction coil, and the metal will be heated according to Joule's law. The same effect may be achieved for conductive materials, e.g. carbon fiber and other non-metallic materials, which in addition may have other advantageous properties regarding strength, life span, resistance to corrosion, weight, ductility and applicability. Magnetic hysteresis is another mechanism that will/can contribute to heating a material exposed to magnetic induction. An aquaculture net may have a size of 8000 m2 and weigh 6-7,000 kg. Its large volume makes it almost impossible to heat the entire net at once, particularly because it is located in cold sea water. By using an induction coil that is displaceable along the net, only a small portion of the net is heated at a time, so that the energy consumption is manageable.
Materials/surfaces may be made responsive to inductive heating in several ways:
-The substrate/net is treated with a product/surface treatment containing materials that are heated when exposed to a magnetic/induction field. Figure 1 shows a net treated with such a material next to an induction coil. In Fig. 1, a conventional net has a coating containing materials that are heated when exposed to a magnetic/induction field. Additionally, the coating may have other properties, e.g. protection against water penetration, protection against corrosion, UV filter, low friction etc. Fig. 1 shows how eggs or other microorganisms die when being heated.
-The net may be made of materials which heat up in such a magnetic field, and may be surface- treated thereafter with a heat-resistant product which at the same time prevents corrosion. This is shown in Fig. 2 and 3, respectively. Here, metals may be used, or organic materials/composite materials with carbon fibers, metal particles or the like may be developed.
-Parts of the net (it may have incorporated threads/fibers) may consists of materials which can be heated through induction (Fig 3).
For all these approaches, the induction coil must be held close to the material/object to be heated. The induction coil may be attached to existing washing rigs, possibly also OVs, and replace washing. Figure 4 shows a ROV that can move around on the net with an induction coil, and a rig that can be hoisted up and down along the net with an induction coil. Fig. 4 also shows a cleaning hoist which can be hoisted up and down in the water next to the net.
By controlling the current and its frequency, one will be able very accurately to control heating, so that quick and accurate heating is achieved.
Such heating will have a very good overall degree of effectiveness and will be highly local, i.e. only the intended surface or portions will be heated.
The frequency of the AC current used depends on the size of the object, the type of material, the connection (between the coil and the object to be heated) and the depth of penetration.
In addition to the growth on nets in the sea, growth also occurs on various other installations around aquaculture farms (anchor cables/chains, buoys, rafts and barges, floating bodies to which the net is attached, fenders etc.). All these make good breeding grounds for marine growth as well as a possible habitat for pathogens and salmon lice in different stages. A large share of the salmon lice found in aquaculture farms stem from that same farm. The fact that lice cannot swim before the third stage of their life cycle gives reason to believe that the lice in their early stages may live on the fouled surfaces of the aquafarms. The same way as discussed above in relation to nets, these surfaces can be kept free from marine growth by means of induction (Figs. 5 and 6). Figure 5 shows a feed barge with a OV heating the surface by means of induction. Such barges are often used in the vicinity of net pens. Fig. 6 shows an aquaculture pen where a device heats the floating portion by means of induction.
Hatcheries / closed farms
In the same way as for the traditional aquaculture farms outdoors, the approach may also applied to closed farms and hatcheries where the salmon has not yet been smoltified (fresh water)
Closed farms are undergoing continuous development, and they are often intended for use at locations with limited water exchange or areas where the environment due to other reasons calls for stricter effluent control. These are often locations which are also more sensitive for copper discharges (far into fjords where the water exchange is limited). By coating the inside of closed farms with materials which can be heated by means of induction, it will be possible to keep them clean without employing biocides.
Tanks containing salmonids in the fresh-water stage (not yet smoltified) must not be treated with copper-containing products as they turn highly toxic in fresh water. By constructing the tanks of materials that can be heated by means of induction, or by coating the inside of the tanks with such materials, it is possible to keep them clean without employing doubtful biocides which may have negative effects on the fish or the environment.
Ship/Hull
Just like in the aquaculture industry, copper-containing products are used to prevent fouling on hulls. They are used for all vessels alike, from small boats to large ships. Fouling on boats and ships reduces their speed and increases fuel consumption considerably. Bottom paint must be applied to boats and ships at regular intervals, involving high cost. It is particularly costly to put large ships into dry dock for renewed treatment with an antifouling product (antifouling or bottom paint). The reason for the need of new bottom paint is that the biocides in the bottom paint have to «leach» in order to become effective. This means that at one point, the biocides will be exhausted and the bottom paint will no longer be effective. In addition to the negative effect on fuel consumption and speed of such vessels, the transport of fouling matter from and to different continents entails the risk of spreading foreign species and disease. This is also problem in connection with ballast tanks.
By applying induction heat to the hull at regular intervals (advantageously when in port), the hull can be kept free from marine growth.
For boats with a hull of steel or other materials that can be heated by induction, the hull may be heated directly by means of induction. In this case, the bottom paint may be replaced by a heat- resistant, corrosion-preventing surface treatment. Here, it is the hull that will be heated by induction during the surface treatment. Figure 7 shows hulls being heated by induction. This can be done by a ROV or in another way. Figure 7 also shows an alternative where a boat lock or a cradle constituting a fixed or displaceable installation in a port may be used to heat the surface of a hull when in port. The hull may also be made of a laminate of steel and a substance which withstands heat and protects the steel from corrosion. In this case, the steel will be the innermost layer and constitute the layer heated by induction, unless the outermost layer is also heatable by induction.
Also, hulls may be constructed from materials that do not corrode while at the same time being able to be heated by induction. In this case, the hull is heated by induction. This approach may be suitable for hull materials other than steel, e.g. carbon, composites, glass fiber etc., where weight and/or speed are of importance. Instead of treating the hull with antifouling agents it may be treated for low friction in the water etc.
Boats with a hull made of materials that cannot be heated by induction may be surface-treated with a substance that can be heated by induction.
The examples given in the above are not intended to be limiting. The various elements are intended to be able to be combined with each other in different ways, and there are other applications and adaptations that fall within the essence and the spirit of the invention.

Claims

Patent claims
1. A method for preventing aquatic growth on a surface of nets and other objects used in aquatic environments, or preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive,
characterized in that the surface is heated by means of at least one induction coil which generates a magnetic induction field, where a transportation body selected from the group comprising a ROV, hoisting rig, lock and cradle is used to guide the at least one induction coil along the surface to be heated.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material itself of the object(s) to be heated is responsive to an induction field.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object(s) to be heated are coated or
treated with a material which is responsive to a magnetic induction field.
4. Apparatus for preventing growth on a surface of nets and other objects used in aquatic environments, or preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive,
characterized in that the apparatus comprises at least one induction coil arranged to heat the surface of nets or other objects by means of a magnetic induction field, the at least one induction coil being arranged on a transportation body selected from the group comprising a ROV, hoisting rig, lock and cradle, the transportation body being arranged to bring the at least one induction coil to the surface and guide the at least one induction coil along the surface to be heated.
5. Product for preventing growth on the surface of nets or other objects used in aquatic environments, or preventing the creation of an environment in which parasites and diseases thrive,
characterized in that the product comprises materials which are responsive to a magnetic induction field, the product being able to be coated on or incorporated in the net or the object that is heated by means of a magnetic induction field.
PCT/NO2015/000021 2014-09-19 2015-09-18 Antifouling by means of induction WO2016072858A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20141143 2014-09-19
NO20141143A NO338187B1 (en) 2014-09-19 2014-09-19 Antigree by Induction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016072858A1 true WO2016072858A1 (en) 2016-05-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3547797A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Bitunamel Feldmann GmbH Boat with an apparatus for killing separated and collected fish parasites

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH099818A (en) * 1995-06-28 1997-01-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Closely contacting self-propelled cleaning apparatus for fishing net
WO2001032443A1 (en) * 1999-11-02 2001-05-10 Jak. J. Alveberg As Device and method for removal of rust and paint
WO2008048111A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Rpr Technologies As A method and device for removing coatings on a metal structure
CN102573158B (en) * 2012-01-05 2014-04-09 江苏舾普泰克自动化科技有限公司 Method and device for removing electromagnetic induction type metallic surface coating

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5240674A (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-08-31 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Two method for controlling macrofouling by mollusks by using heat

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH099818A (en) * 1995-06-28 1997-01-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Closely contacting self-propelled cleaning apparatus for fishing net
WO2001032443A1 (en) * 1999-11-02 2001-05-10 Jak. J. Alveberg As Device and method for removal of rust and paint
WO2008048111A1 (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 Rpr Technologies As A method and device for removing coatings on a metal structure
CN102573158B (en) * 2012-01-05 2014-04-09 江苏舾普泰克自动化科技有限公司 Method and device for removing electromagnetic induction type metallic surface coating

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3547797A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Bitunamel Feldmann GmbH Boat with an apparatus for killing separated and collected fish parasites

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NO338187B1 (en) 2016-08-01

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