WO2005122895A1 - 運動情報−神経情報変換装置及び方法、運動情報−神経情報変換プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 - Google Patents
運動情報−神経情報変換装置及び方法、運動情報−神経情報変換プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005122895A1 WO2005122895A1 PCT/JP2004/012772 JP2004012772W WO2005122895A1 WO 2005122895 A1 WO2005122895 A1 WO 2005122895A1 JP 2004012772 W JP2004012772 W JP 2004012772W WO 2005122895 A1 WO2005122895 A1 WO 2005122895A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nerve
- muscle
- data file
- data
- processing unit
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 398
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 434
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 230000007830 nerve conduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 claims description 168
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 210000001032 spinal nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 48
- 210000000578 peripheral nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 43
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 58
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 210000004699 muscle spindle Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 108091008709 muscle spindles Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000004884 grey matter Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000004889 cervical nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000000412 mechanoreceptor Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000002226 anterior horn cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000001428 peripheral nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010049816 Muscle tightness Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003403 autonomic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003792 cranial nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001153 interneuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002346 musculoskeletal system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000118 neural pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000010004 neural pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003448 thoracic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004885 white matter Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000006820 Arthralgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000000112 Myalgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003766 afferent neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007177 brain activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004720 cerebrum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000268 efferent neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000013465 muscle pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000929 nociceptor Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091008700 nociceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005312 nonlinear dynamic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004044 posterior horn cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001044 sensory neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000658 ulnar nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000021542 voluntary musculoskeletal movement Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
- A61B5/4561—Evaluating static posture, e.g. undesirable back curvature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/389—Electromyography [EMG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4029—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system for evaluating the peripheral nervous systems
- A61B5/4041—Evaluating nerves condition
- A61B5/4052—Evaluating nerves condition efferent nerves, i.e. nerves that relay impulses from the central nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4058—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system for evaluating the central nervous system
- A61B5/407—Evaluating the spinal cord
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4519—Muscles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4528—Joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exercise information-nerve information conversion apparatus and method, an exercise information-nerve information conversion program, and a recording medium recording the program.
- the goal of the present invention is to clarify a method to quantitatively deal with the human sensory and motor problems that have been discussed qualitatively by observing movements. Through this, we aim to approach the internal state of a person from the outside.
- a method has been proposed for performing fast and inverse dynamics calculations on a detailed model of the body having bone geometry data and muscle-tendon ligament data (Non-Patent Document 1).
- SIMM As a simulation system that analyzes the motion of a human musculoskeletal model, SIMM by Delp et al., AnyBody by Rasmussen et al. Are commercialized.
- perceptual information processing methods for dynamic media such as somatic sensation are behind those of sight and hearing.
- the following is an overview of the prior art relating to the body model and the nervous system model coupled to the body model.
- Nakamura et al. Have proposed a method for performing fast and inverse dynamics calculations on a detailed model of a body having bone geometry data and muscle 'tendon' ligament data (Patent Documents 1 and 2). . By using this method, it is possible to observe human movement from outside and calculate the length change of muscle 'tendon' ligament and the tension generated in these moving organs.
- Patent Document 3 Kawato and others naturally control the virtual body, which is a model of part or all of the body in the computer world, as if it were their own alter ego, and not only position, but also force, velocity, and acceleration.
- a human interface device that can be freely manipulated has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- Hase et al. Have a bipedal walking model with a three-dimensional musculoskeletal system and a hierarchical nervous system (Non-patent text).
- Hagiwara et al. Proposed a walking neural network (Non-Patent Document 3) based on actual walking measurement data.
- Patent Document 3 Hase et al. Have a bipedal walking model with a three-dimensional musculoskeletal system and a hierarchical nervous system (Non-patent text).
- Hagiwara et al. Proposed a walking neural network (Non-Patent Document 3) based on actual walking measurement data.
- Patent Document 2
- Nakamura et al.'S model does not include the nervous system.
- Kawato et al. Connected a nonlinear dynamics model including a neural circuit to a virtual body in order to realize a human interface device, but the neural circuit considered the structure of the peripheral nervous system.
- Hase et al. Propose a neuromusculoskeletal model, but the spleen motoneurons that directly control the muscles are directly connected to the muscles one-on-one, and the same spinal cord is used by multiple spinal cords. No consideration has been given to the redundant structure that connects to the muscles. No consideration is given to the branching structure that connects a single nerve bundle to multiple muscles.
- muscle groups dominated by the same nerve in other words, muscle groups dominated by the same spinal nerve, is not included in the model.
- motor and other organs, including muscle 'tendon' ligaments, and the central nervous system (brain) are connected via the peripheral nervous system.
- This peripheral nervous system has a redundant branch structure. Nerves that connect to mechanically or functionally close organs are bundled together to form a thick nerve. Nerves that connect to mechanically or functionally related organs are connected from the same spinal cord.
- the prior art has not taken such anatomical structures into account, and therefore has the following problems.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting and presenting neural information from exercise information on muscles and tendons of the whole body.
- An object of the present invention is to focus on the spinal cord nerve that connects sensation and movement, and to model its muscle control structure.
- the present invention Based on the above, the purpose is to visualize the nerve information flowing through the spinal cord during exercise as an image obtained by slicing the spinal cord.
- a table storing the nerve numbers, spinal cord names, muscle names, nerve line names between the spinal cord and muscles or nerve line name strings, and the coordinates of the start and end points of the nerve line names are stored correspondingly.
- a nerve feature data file that stores peripheral nerve names and nerve line names or nerve line name strings in correspondence, and stores nerve line names and conduction speeds in correspondence with each other;
- a nerve conduction time data file in which nerve conduction time is stored for each nerve number;
- a nerve muscle data file in which, for muscle names, names of spinal cords and peripheral nerves that control muscles are stored correspondingly;
- a nerve branch data file that expresses the spinal nervous system in a tree structure with the spinal cord as a root and muscles as leaves;
- a muscle ranking data file storing the muscle ranking data corresponding to the muscle rankings and information representing the characteristics of the muscles including the classification of the extensor flexors and the muscle parts;
- a muscle feature data file that stores the muscle names and information representing muscle characteristics including classification of muscle regions, including the distinction of the left and right extensor flexors,
- a data file corresponding to the extensor and flexor muscles which stores muscle names belonging to the corresponding flexor and extensor groups
- a muscle exercise data file storing muscle exercise information with respect to time
- a spinal nerve cross-section coordinate data file that stores the spatial arrangement of nerves in the spinal cord cross-section for the nerve number
- a processing unit for reading and / or writing each of the files to obtain a spatial arrangement or a spatiotemporal arrangement of nerves, and for converting motion information into neural information;
- a processing unit configured to set a spinal cord name representing a nerve section, exercise data, and a display format from an input unit or another device;
- the processing unit extracts, from the nerve geometry data file, the name of the spinal cord, the name of the muscle governing the spinal nerve, and the name of one or more nerve lines for each nerve number based on the set spinal cord name.
- the processing unit refers to the neurogeometric data file based on the extracted nerve line names, finds the names of the start and end points of the nerve line, and searches the coordinates of the names of the start and end points to obtain the name of each neural line. Means for calculating the length of the nerve line;
- the processing unit Based on the calculated nerve line length and the nerve conduction velocity read from the nerve characteristic data file according to the nerve line name, the processing unit performs processing from any spinal cord to any muscle represented by one or more nerve lines. Means for calculating the nerve signal conduction time of the god pathway;
- the processing unit stores the nerve signal conduction time in the nerve conduction time data corresponding to the nerve number,
- the processing unit refers to the neuromuscular correspondence data file, extracts the muscle name that governs the spinal cord of the spinal cord name and the peripheral nerve to form data, and forms the formed data with the peripheral nerve.
- Means for classification
- the processing unit refers to the muscle feature data file, finds the left and right, extensor flexor muscle ⁇ 'muscle part classification for the muscle name of each data, and classifies each data by extensor muscle flexor.
- the processing unit refers to the nerve branching data file and sorts each data in the order of leaves branching from the root of the tree structure in the same peripheral nerve;
- the processing unit obtains the nerve number from the nerve geometry data file based on the muscle name of each data, calculates the nerve conduction time by referring to the nerve conduction time data based on the neural number, and divides each data between peripheral nerves having the same part but different. Means to sort in ascending conduction time with
- a processing unit that stores the muscle ranking, left and right, extensor muscle, flexor muscle, and muscle region classification in a muscle ranking data file in a corresponding manner;
- the processing unit converts the muscles read from the muscle ranking data file into left and right, extensor 'flexors, muscle parts Means for categorizing based on the classification, arranging according to muscle order from high to low as the distance from the central axis increases, and arranging them in a predetermined nerve section or space-time according to a set display format;
- the processing unit generates the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data representing the arrangement for each nerve number according to the nerve cross-section or spatiotemporal arrangement, and stores the data in a spinal nerve cross-sectional coordinate data file.
- a table storing the nerve numbers, spinal cord names, muscle names, nerve line names between the spinal cord and muscles or nerve line name strings, and the coordinates of the start and end points of the nerve line names are stored correspondingly.
- a nerve feature data file that stores peripheral nerve names and nerve line names or nerve line name strings in correspondence, and stores nerve line names and conduction speeds in correspondence with each other;
- a nerve conduction time data file in which nerve conduction time is stored for each nerve number;
- a nerve muscle data file in which, for muscle names, names of spinal cords and peripheral nerves that control muscles are stored correspondingly;
- a nerve branch data file expressing the spinal nervous system in a tree structure with the spinal cord as a root and muscles as leaves,
- a muscle rank data file storing information representing muscle characteristics including the classification of muscle parts including left and right and extensor flexor muscles with respect to the muscle rank
- a muscle feature data file that stores the muscle names and information representing muscle features including classification of the muscle parts of the left and right 'extensor flexors ⁇ ',
- An extensor / flexor data file storing muscle names belonging to the corresponding flexor and extensor groups, a muscle exercise data file storing muscle exercise information with respect to time,
- a processing unit for reading and / or writing each of the files to obtain a spatial arrangement or a spatiotemporal arrangement of nerves, and for converting motion information into neural information;
- a computer-readable recording medium recording a motor information-nerve information conversion program in a motor information-nerve information converter comprising:
- the processing unit sets, from the input unit or another device, a spinal cord name representing a nerve cross section, exercise data, and a display format;
- the processing unit extracts a spinal cord name, names of muscles that govern spinal nerves, and one or more nerve line names for each nerve number based on the set spinal cord names from the neurogeometric data file;
- the processing unit refers to the neurogeometric data file based on the extracted nerve line names, finds the names of the start and end points of the nerve line, and searches the coordinates of the names of the start and end points to obtain the name of each neural line. Calculating the length of the nerve line;
- the processing unit Based on the calculated length of each nerve line and the nerve conduction velocity read from the nerve characteristic data file according to the nerve line name, the processing unit performs processing from any spinal cord to any muscle represented by one or more nerve lines. Calculating the nerve signal conduction time of the god pathway; storing the nerve signal conduction time in the nerve conduction time data corresponding to the nerve number;
- the processing unit refers to the neuromuscular correspondence data file, extracts the muscle name that governs the spinal cord of the spinal cord name and the peripheral nerve to form data, and forms the formed data with the peripheral nerve. Classifying;
- a processing unit that refers to the muscle feature data file, determines a left / right 'extensor flexor muscle' classification for each muscle name of each data, and a muscle region classification, and classifies each data by the 'extensor muscle' flexor;
- a processing unit that sorts each data in the same peripheral nerve in the order of leaves branching from the root of the tree structure with reference to the nerve branch data file;
- the processing unit obtains the nerve number from the nerve geometry data file based on the muscle name of each data, and Calculating nerve conduction time by referring to nerve conduction time data by serial number, and rearranging each data in ascending order of conduction time among peripheral nerves having different same positions;
- the processing unit stores the muscle ranking, the left and right, the extensor muscle, the flexor, and the muscle part classification in the muscle ranking data file correspondingly,
- the processing unit classifies the muscles read from the muscle ranking data file based on the classification of the left, right, extensor 'flexors, and muscle parts, and arranges the muscles with a higher ranking from a lower ranking as the distance from the central axis increases.
- the processing unit generates the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data representing the arrangement for each nerve number according to the nerve cross-section or the spatiotemporal arrangement, and stores the data in a spinal nerve cross-sectional coordinate data file.
- a computer-readable recording medium that records an exercise information-nerve information conversion program for causing a computer to execute the method.
- Figure 1 shows the human central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
- Figure 2 is an illustration of the spinal cord cross-section and reflex path.
- Figure 3 is an illustration of the cross-section of spinal gray matter and the somatic localization of the anterior horn.
- Figure 4 shows the spatial layout of C5.
- Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of the sword-slashing motion of swinging the sword down diagonally.
- Figure 6 is a diagram of nerve information images of the C5 spinal nerve during every 10 frames during the escalating motion (1).
- Figure 7 shows the neural information image of the C5 spinal nerve during every 10 frames during the escalating motion (2).
- Figure 8 shows the neural information image of every 10 frames in the C5 spinal nerve during the escalation operation.
- Figure (3) shows the neural information image of every 10 frames in the C5 spinal nerve during the escalation operation.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of classification of muscles governed by the fifth cervical nerve (C5).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a connection relationship of the present apparatus.
- FIG. 11 is a hardware configuration diagram of the motion information-nerve information conversion device 30.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of neurogeometric data file 1 (input data or intermediate data).
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the neural feature data file 2 (input data).
- Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram of nerve conduction time data file 3 (output data).
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a nerve-strain correspondence data file 4 (intermediate data).
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a nerve branch data file 5 (input data).
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of the muscle ranking data file 6 (output data).
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of the muscle feature data file 7 (input data).
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the extensor flexor muscle data file 8 (input data).
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the muscle exercise data file 9 (input data).
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of a spinal nerve cross-section coordinate data file 11 (output data).
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of the nerve data file 12 (cross-sectional image of spinal cord) (output data).
- FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of another neural data file 13 (spatiotemporal image 1) (output data)
- FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of another neural data file 14 (spatiotemporal image 2) (output data).
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an interface in the case of displaying a spinal cord cross-sectional image.
- Figure 26 is the main flowchart.
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between data.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of data conversion by each process.
- Figure 29 is a flowchart of the nerve conduction time calculation.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart for calculating the muscle ranking.
- FIG. 31 is a flowchart of a spatial arrangement calculation of a nerve section.
- FIG. 32 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of data at the time of spatial arrangement.
- FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of data at the time of spatial arrangement.
- Figure 34 is an explanatory diagram 9
- FIG. 35 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of data at the time of spatial arrangement.
- FIG. 36 shows another embodiment of the flowchart of the spatial arrangement calculation.
- FIG. 37 is an explanatory diagram of rearrangement 1 for creating a spatiotemporal pattern.
- Figure 38 is an illustration of Sort 2 for creating spatiotemporal patterns.
- Figure 39 is a flowchart of the conversion from exercise information to neural information.
- FIG. 40 is a flowchart of nerve branch data generation.
- FIG. 41 is an explanatory diagram of a nerve branch data generation method.
- FIG. 42 is an explanatory diagram of a nerve branch data generation method.
- FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram of a method for generating nerve branch data.
- Fig. 44 is an explanatory diagram of the nerve branch data generation method.
- Figure 45 is an illustration of the relationship between nerves and muscles.
- the nervous system is functionally classified into a somatic nervous system and an autonomic nervous system.
- the somatic nervous system is responsible for conscious perception, voluntary movements and information gathering.
- the main role of the autonomic nervous system is to constantly maintain the internal environment of a living body and regulate the functions of organs in response to changes in the outside world.
- the present invention focuses on the somatic nervous system that controls body movements.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the central nervous system of a human consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
- the nervous system is anatomically composed of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
- the central nervous system is the brain.
- the brain and spinal cord together are called the central nervous system.
- the peripheral nervous system is composed of cranial nerves that connect directly from the brain to organs and spinal nerves that originate from the spinal cord and connect to organs. Since the organs that govern each nerve are different, the organs can be classified according to the nerves that govern them. In humans, 31 pairs of spinal nerves are counted, 8 pairs of cervical nerves (C), 12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T), 5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L), 5 pairs of sacral nerves (S), 5 pairs of coccyx nerves (Coc) Consists of one pair. These nerves exit the vertebra through gaps in the vertebra. In the present invention, we focus on the structure of the spinal cord, which controls most of the skeletal muscle of the whole body.
- FIG. 2 shows an explanatory view of the spinal cord cross section and the reflex path.
- Gray matter in the shape of a butterfly and surrounding white matter are observed ( Figure 2, top).
- White matter is the pathway for nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord.
- Gray matter is the junction between the peripheral and central nerves. Gray matter is divided into dorsal and anterior horns. The dorsal horn contains afferent or sensory neurons and the anterior horn contains efferent or motor neurons. Through the afferent nerves, the excitement of perception is transmitted to the dorsal horn cells, which transmit the excitement to the brain. This excitement is also transmitted to motor neurons in the anterior horn, causing muscle movement. Muscle responses elicited in the latter way are called reflexes, as is well known.
- a muscle contracts momentarily and then momentarily contracts. This is called the elongation reflex and is performed through a small number of neurons in the spinal cord at a certain height. It is the muscle spindle that senses muscle elongation. Muscle spindles are aligned parallel to the muscle fibers and send information about muscle length and rate of elongation to the spinal cord via afferent nerves.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the gray matter of the spinal cord and an explanatory diagram of somatic localization of the anterior horn.
- the anterior horn of the gray matter which sends commands to the motor organs, has a structure or somatic localization corresponding to the body part. From inside to outside of the anterior horn 1) trunk, 2) trunk to limb, 3) limb girdle to limb, 4) upper arm, thigh, 5) forearm, lower leg, 6) neurons that control hand and foot muscles Are arranged It is said that proximally dominant neurons line inward and distally dominant neurons line out.
- the dorsal muscles of the flexor muscles are arranged on the dorsal side of the anterior horn, and the extensor muscles are arranged on the ventral side. 2.
- muscle spindle that senses muscle elongation.
- the muscle spindles are aligned in parallel with the muscle fibers (extrafusal muscle fibers).
- Golgi tendon organ that senses the forces generated by the muscles.
- Other motor sensation organs include joint receptors that respond to forces on joints and nociceptors that respond to muscle and joint pain. This section describes the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs that function to feed back muscle movement information, and their innervation.
- Muscle spindles are composed of intrafusal muscle fibers wrapped in a capsule, and there are two types: nuclear bag fibers with a swollen center and nuclear fiber with a constant thickness.
- the afferent nerves that control the muscle spindle are group la and group II.
- the former spirally wraps around both the nuclear bag fiber and the nuclear fiber (primary terminal), and the latter ends on the surface of the nuclear fiber (secondary terminal).
- the primary terminal is strongly excited when the muscle length changes significantly (dynamic response) and continues to fire a constant amount when the muscle is kept at a constant length (static response). At the secondary terminal, there is almost no dynamic response.
- the muscle spindle has efferent innervation. Efferent nerves that contract muscles are called ⁇ -motor neurons, and efferent nerves that contract muscle spindles are called motor neurons. Efferent nerves that contract both the muscle and the muscle spindle are beta motor neurons. In particular, motor neurons regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. r Sensitivity improves when muscle fibers in the weight contract due to input from motor neurons.
- the afferent nerves that govern the Golgi tendon organs are called group lbs. Both ends of the muscle are attached to the bones as tendons, and the Golgi tendon organs are present in the muscle-tendon junction and tendons. The Golgi tendon in the tendon detects the force applied to the entire muscle.
- This section summarizes the anatomical structures of the somatic nervous system, especially the spinal nerves, which were clarified in the previous section.
- the muscles responsible for the whole body movement are structured by the dominant spinal cord.
- Signals are sent from the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord to the muscle.
- Feedback signals from the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs are sent through the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to the brain and partially to the anterior horn cells.
- Anterior horn cells have localization in the body.
- Muscle length, elongation rate, and muscle tension information are bundled for each spinal cord that integrates efferent and afferent signals, affecting the activity of the dominant muscle.
- muscle movement information during exercise along the array of anterior horn cells it is thought that it can be converted to neural information inherent in the spinal cord.
- the data structure is defined using the spinal cord of the fifth cervical nerve (C5), which is known to be particularly developed in the spinal cord.
- FIG. 9 shows an explanatory diagram of classification of muscles governed by the fifth cervical nerve (C5).
- the muscles controlled by C5 are arranged in order according to the anterior horn cell placement rules.
- the first column shows nerve numbers; the second column shows muscle positions; the third column shows extensor flexors; and the fourth column shows muscle names (muscle names).
- the flexors are placed in the first and second quadrants, and the extensors are placed in the third and fourth quadrants, with the origin at the center of the X-y plane.
- the muscles of the right body are arranged, and in the second and third quadrants, the muscles of the left body are arranged.
- the absolute values of the X coordinate are arranged in order from the smallest to the largest, and from the one closer to the trunk.
- One muscle has multiple When composed of muscles, arrange the y-coordinates in order from the smallest absolute value to the larger absolute value from the one closer to the trunk.
- Fig. 4 shows a space layout diagram for C5 in which squares with a side length of 1 are arranged according to the above rules.
- Muscles obtained by motion measurement and calculation along the placed grid Place length and speed information.
- the spinal cord was simply a relay of signal from the brain to the motor organs, and that all control of movement had shifted to the motor center of the brain. It is now known that the spinal cord is not just a relay, but a complex integrated device for regulating motor function. Commands from the brain or sensory signals coming to the anterior horn on the output side are not directly transmitted to motor neurons but reach interneurons. These interneurons directly affect motor neurons, or intervene in reflexes between muscle receptors and motor neurons, acting either inhibitory or facilitating. The spinal cord and brain work together to regulate movements to the senses. 4.Measurement and calculation of spinal nerve information during whole body exercise
- a moving image obtained when the present invention was implemented was confirmed by experiments.
- An example of the slashing movement (moving a sword while stepping on one foot and swinging it down diagonally) is shown.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the sword-slashing operation of swinging the sword down diagonally.
- Kesagiri is the act of swinging the sword down diagonally from the neck of the robe along the chest, assuming that the person wearing the robe is standing in front. When cutting down from the upper left as seen from the swordsman, it operates in the following procedure.
- Kesagiri is a typical whole-body cooperative operation and requires skill.
- Non-Patent Document 1 The musculoskeletal model of the human body (Non-Patent Document 1) is composed of 366 muscles, 91 tendons, 34 ligaments, 56 cartilage, and 53 bone groups. It is.
- the muscle data governed by the fifth cervical nerve (C5) is extracted from the muscle length and muscle tension data of the whole body. Mapped to neural information. The magnitude of the value was represented by luminance.
- Fig. 6 shows a diagram (1) of the neural information image of the C5 spinal nerve during every 10 frames during the escalating operation (frame rate is 30 [frame / sec] s The length of the dominant muscle is coded. ).
- FIG. 9 Mus.SerratusAnterior
- the front saw muscle (10 in Fig. 9: Mus.SerratusAnterior)
- the front saw muscle which is placed on the left trunk, is stretched when the sword is thrown diagonally from the lower left to the upper right.
- Figures 7 and 8 show the neural information images (2) and (3) for every 10 frames in the C5 spinal nerve during the exaggeration operation (frame rate is 30 [frame / sec], and Figure 7 shows , The rate of extension of the dominant muscle is coded, and in Figure 8, the tension of the dominant muscle is coded).
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a connection relationship of the present apparatus.
- This device includes a motion capture device 10, a motion information calculation device 20, a motion information-nerve information conversion device 30, a presentation device 40, and a storage device 50.
- the storage device 50 stores three-dimensional positions, movement information, nerve information, and the like.
- the motion capture device 10 measures the three-dimensional position of a human and stores the three-dimensional position in the storage device 50 (commercially available: VICON, etc.).
- the motion information calculation device 20 calculates the length and the generated force (motion information) of the motion organ such as the muscular 'tendon' ligament from the measurement results of the motion capture device 10, and stores the motion information in the storage device 50 ( Commercially available: SIM M, etc.).
- the motor information-nerve information converter 30 converts the motor information obtained by the motor information calculator 20 into nerve information based on the structure-function model of the human nervous system, and stores the nerve information in the storage device 50.
- the storage device 50 is described as an external device, the storage device 50 may be provided inside each of the devices 10 to 30 and may be configured to exchange information. Further, as the presentation device 40, a display device inside the exercise information-nerve information conversion device 30 may be used.
- FIG. 11 shows a hardware configuration diagram of the exercise information-neural information conversion device 30. As shown in FIG.
- This device shows a hardware configuration in the case of off-line spinal cord cross-sectional image display, and includes a display unit 31, an input unit 32, a processing unit (CPU) 33, an interface unit (IF) 34, and a storage unit 35.
- the storage unit 35 stores the nerve geometry data file 1, nerve feature data file 2, nerve conduction time data file 3, nerve muscle correspondence data file 4, nerve branch data file 5, muscle order data file 6, muscle feature data file 7. Extensor and flexor data file 8, muscle movement data file 9, spinal nerve cross-section coordinate data file 11, and nerve data files 12 to 14.
- a data file included in the storage unit 35 will be described.
- FIG. 12 shows an explanatory diagram of the neurogeometric data file 1 (input data or intermediate data).
- the neurogeometry data stored in the neurogeometry data file 1 includes the nerve number, the corresponding spinal cord name, muscle name, the spinal cord and muscle, and the nerve line name (column) between them. It was a thing.
- a nerve line name can also define a nerve as a sequence of points.
- nerve lines have characteristics such as conduction velocity and conduction time, so nerve lines are defined separately from nerve points.
- the start point name and the end point name are stored for the nerve line name. The start and end points of a nerve line are collectively called nerve points.
- Table 2 is used in combination with data that maps nerve point names and nerve point coordinates, as shown in Table 3.
- FIG. 13 shows an explanatory diagram of the neural feature data file 2 (input data).
- the neural geometric data stored in the neural feature data file 2 is the one in which the peripheral nerve name and the nerve line sequence are stored in correspondence as shown in Table 1, and the one in which the nerve line name and the conduction line are stored as shown in Table 2.
- the speed is composed of the corresponding stored ones.
- the conduction velocity includes afferent and efferent nerve conduction velocity.
- the neural geometric data and the neural feature data are separated from each other. However, this is only an example, and may be appropriately configured without separating. As an example, only the afferent nerve conduction velocity is used here.
- FIG. 14 shows an explanatory diagram of the nerve conduction time data file 3 (output data).
- the nerve conduction time data is stored in such a manner that nerve conduction times correspond to nerve numbers.
- FIG. 15 shows an explanatory diagram of the data file 4 for neuromuscular correspondence (intermediate data).
- the neuromuscular correspondence data is a pair of the muscle name and information on the spinal nerves (horizontal axis) and peripheral nerves (vertical axis) that control the muscle.
- the figure shows, as an example, data on neuromuscular correspondence related to the spinal nerve (C8).
- a part of the whole-body neuromuscular correspondence is shown, but in practice, the whole body can be defined.
- Such a correspondence table can be created based on a specialized book on anatomy. In addition, it can be obtained by calculation using various information from neurogeometric data. it can.
- the processing unit 33 can search for a muscle governed by the spinal nerve of interest and a peripheral nerve governing the muscle.
- FIG. 16 shows an explanatory diagram of the nerve branch data file 5 (input data).
- Nerve bifurcation data represents the spinal nervous system in a tree structure with the spinal cord as the root and muscles as the leaves.
- the contact points indicate the via points or start points (spinal cord), the end points (muscles), and the branch points, and the branches indicate the nerve paths.
- the neural pathway is a branch, but there is also a method of expressing the neural pathway itself as a contact point.
- FIG. 17 shows an explanatory diagram of the muscle ranking data file 6 (output data).
- the muscle ranking data is data in which the muscle ranking, information representing muscle characteristics (left and right, extensor flexors, classification of muscle parts), and muscle names are stored in association with each other.
- a part of the muscles of the whole body is shown, but in practice, the whole body can be defined.
- FIG. 18 shows an explanatory diagram of the muscle feature data file 7 (input data).
- Muscle feature data stores information representing muscle features (left and right, classification of extensor flexors, classification of muscle parts) for muscle names.
- Muscle parts are classified into, for example, the following six: 1) trunk, 2) trunk to limb, 3) limb girdle to limb, 4) upper arm, thigh, 5) forearm, lower leg, 6) hand and leg.
- Figure 19 shows an illustration of the extensor flexor muscle data file 8 (input data).
- the extensor / flexor correspondence data is a pair of muscles belonging to the corresponding flexor group and extensor group. It is thought that the corresponding muscles correspond almost at the same site, but just because they are at the same position does not necessarily mean that they are paired. Conversely, there is a case where the response is performed over a plurality of sites. For this reason, the parts included in the extensor-flexors correspondence data are combined together.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of the muscle exercise data file 9 (input data). Muscle movement data includes time and any length of muscle such as muscle length, length change speed, force, force change speed, etc. The information is a pair.
- the file name is the name of the line, and by specifying the line name, the contents of the file are read into the memory.
- the temporal change of the muscle length of the biceps is shown.
- the length may be an absolute value or a value standardized by the length of the initial posture or the standard posture. The same applies to changes in muscle length.
- FIG. 21 shows an explanatory diagram of the spinal nerve section coordinate data file 11 (output data).
- the spinal nerve cross-section coordinate data stores the spatial arrangement of nerves in the spinal cord cross-section with respect to the nerve number.
- the coordinate data on the two-dimensional plane may be in the X-y coordinate system or the r-coordinate system.
- identification information indicating the position of the spatial arrangement may be used.
- the following data is also data stored in the storage unit, and indicates an image in which the data is displayed on the display unit.
- FIG. 22 shows an explanatory diagram of the nerve data file 1 2 (cross-sectional image of the spinal cord) (output data).
- the neural data is a pair of neural information that transmits a time and an arbitrary point of an arbitrary nerve at a certain time.
- the nerve arrangement is arranged while maintaining the phase structure of the muscle and the nerve.
- the nerve information is represented by an image, and the motion is represented as a moving image.
- nerve information has a time lag from motor information due to nerve conduction velocity.
- Information from limbs far from the spinal cord arrives late, and information from the trunk near the spinal cord arrives early. For example, there are reports that the cerebrum cancels the time delay and recognizes it. For this reason, the information obtained by arranging the movement information at the time when the movement actually occurs along the nerve arrangement can also be treated as nerve information.
- FIG. 23 shows an explanatory diagram of another nerve data file 13 (spatiotemporal image 1) (output data).
- the neural data is a pair of neural information that transmits a time and an arbitrary point of an arbitrary nerve at a certain time.
- a spatio-temporal image represents the temporal change of this neural information in a still image.
- the muscle length and the muscle elongation speed are stored for each time and for each position (left, right, trunk, peripheral, etc.).
- FIG. 24 shows an explanatory diagram of another nerve data file 14 (spatiotemporal image 2) (output data).
- the figure shows another example of a spatiotemporal image.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of an interface in the case of displaying a spinal cord cross-sectional image.
- the presentation device 4 or the display unit 31 presents nerve information in an arbitrary spinal cord cross section as a moving image.
- the cross section can be switched interactively.
- each data file is merely an example, and an appropriate file configuration can be used as needed.
- appropriate files such as nerve geometry data, nerve characteristic data, nerve conduction time data, bone marrow nerve cross-sectional coordinate data, etc. may be configured as a file in which appropriate data are combined according to nerve numbers.
- Each file may be combined or divided as appropriate, such as by providing an appropriate label with an association set, or the included data items may be changed as needed.
- the output of the nerve data and the like is merely an example, and the display example may be appropriately changed or a plurality of display examples may be displayed.
- FIG. 26 shows the main flowchart.
- the processing unit 33 When the processing is started, the processing unit 33 performs initialization (S101). After that, the processing unit 33 executes the nerve conduction time calculation (S103), the muscle rank calculation (S105), and the spatial arrangement calculation of the nerve cross section (S107). Next, the processing unit 33 sets an initial time (S109), executes a conversion process from exercise information to neural information (S111), and presents (displays) the result on the display unit 11 (S110). (S 1 1 3). The processing unit 33 determines whether it is the last time (S115), advances the time by the unit time until the last time (S117), repeats steps S111, S113, and ends the processing. I do. The details of each step will be described later.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between data.
- the processing unit 33 can create and store the nerve geometry data (Table 1) of the nerve geometry data file 1 based on the nerve branch data of the nerve branch data file 5.
- the spinal cord name and muscle name are specified in the input unit and the like, and the processing unit 33 generates nerve geometric data (Table 1) from the nerve branch data by expressing the branches between the contact points representing the names by columns. .
- the processing unit 33 performs the neural muscle response based on the neural geometry data (Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3) of the neural geometry data file 1 and the neural feature data (Table 1, Table 2) of the neural feature data file 2. It is possible to create and store the data corresponding to the nerve line in the data file 4. In this case, the processing unit 33 generates neuromuscular correspondence data using the nerve line name as a medium among the neural geometry data (Table 1) and the neural feature data (Table 1).
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of data conversion by each process.
- the processing unit 33 reads the neural geometry data (Table 1) of the neural geometry data file 1 and the neural feature data (Tables 1 and 2) of the neural feature data file 2 and, based on these data, calculates the nerve conduction time. The calculation is performed to obtain nerve conduction time data, and the nerve conduction time data file 3 is stored. Similarly, the processing unit 33 transmits the nerve conduction time data of the nerve conduction time data 3, It reads the nerve-correspondence data in the response data file 4, the nerve branch data in the nerve branch data file 5, and the muscle characteristic data in the muscle characteristic data file 7, and based on these data, executes the muscle rank calculation and calculates the muscle rank data. Then, it is stored in the muscle ranking data file 6.
- the processing unit 33 reads the nerve-neutral-correspondence data of the nerve-neutral-correspondence data file 4, the muscle-rank data of the muscle-rank data file 6, and the extensor-flexors-correspondence data of the extensor flexor-flexors data file 8. Based on this, the spatial arrangement calculation of the nerve cross-section is executed to obtain the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data, which is stored in the spinal nerve cross-sectional coordinate data file 11.
- the processing unit 33 reads the nerve conduction time data of the nerve conduction time data 3, the muscle movement data of the muscle movement data file 9, and the spinal cord cross-section coordinate data of the spinal nerve cross-section coordinate data file 11, and based on these data, based on the movement information, Is converted to neural information to obtain neural data and store it in the neural data file 12-14.
- the processing unit 33 may input these setting values from another device via the input unit or the I / F, or may read data stored in advance from the storage unit.
- a spinal cord name that represents a nerve (such as spinal cord) cross section.
- the spinal cord consists of 31 cervical nerves, 12 thoracic nerves, 12 lumbar nerves, 5 sacral nerves, and 1 coccyx nerve.
- Select the display format For example, select the data format (cross-section, spatio-temporal, etc.) such as the spatial arrangement to be output, or singular or plural. For example, select the pattern of the nerve data file 12-14.
- information at a certain time is arranged in a horizontal line, and the time is represented in the vertical direction or vice versa.
- neural information of a plurality of exercises at the same time or neural information of a single exercise at a plurality of times is arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 29 shows a flowchart of the nerve conduction time calculation.
- the processing unit 33 determines whether the nerve geometry data file 1 (Table 1) is used for each nerve number based on the spinal cord name representing the nerve (spine cord or the like) cross section selected in the initial setting S101. Then, a set of a spinal cord name and a muscle name of a dominant muscle such as a spinal nerve and a nerve line name (row) are extracted (S301). One or more columns of nerve line names are included, depending on the nerve. Next, based on the extracted nerve line names (columns), the processing unit 33 obtains the names of the start and end points of the nerve line from the neurogeometric data file 1 (Table 2).
- each nerve line (row) is calculated by searching the nerve point coordinates from the nerve geometry data file 1 (Table 3) based on (S303).
- the processing unit 33 calculates the length of each nerve line (row) and the afferent (or efferent) nerve conduction velocity of the nerve feature data read from the nerve feature data file 2 (Table 2) according to each nerve line (row).
- the conduction time of each nerve line (row) is calculated (S305).
- the processing unit 33 calculates the nerve signal conduction time of the entire nerve tract from any spinal cord to any muscle represented by one or a plurality of nerve lines (rows) (S307). In this way, the processing unit 33 stores the nerve signal conduction time in the nerve conduction time data 3 corresponding to the nerve number (S309).
- FIG. 30 shows a flowchart of the muscle ranking calculation.
- the processing unit 33 classifies the extensor flexor muscles and classifies the muscles, then calculates the rank of the muscles belonging to the same part, and further calculates the rank within the same muscle. This process is necessary to determine the spatial layout.
- the processing unit 33 controls the spinal cord selected with reference to the neuromuscular correspondence data in the neuromuscular correspondence data file 4 based on the spinal cord name selected in the initial setting S101.
- the muscle name is determined, the peripheral nerve corresponding to the muscle name is determined, and the muscle name is further classified according to the peripheral nerve (S401).
- the processing unit 33 further performs, for the classified muscle names, With reference to the muscle feature data in the muscle feature data file 7, a distinction is made between extensor and flexor according to the muscle name and classified (S402).
- the processing unit 33 refers to the tree-structured nerve branching data of the nerve branching data file 5 and sorts the leaves in the same peripheral nerve from the root (for example, the order close to the root or the order with few intervening contacts).
- the processing unit 33 sorts the muscle names corresponding to the respective nerve numbers with reference to the nerve conduction time data 3 based on the nerve conduction time in the order of shortest conduction time between different peripheral nerves at the same site ( S405). At this time, for example, between the different peripheral nerves of the same classification, the shortest conduction times are compared, and the shorter peripheral nerve is arranged first. In this way, the processing unit 33 stores the muscle rank data in the muscle rank data file 6 corresponding to the rearranged muscle rank, left and right, extensor muscle, flexor muscle, muscle part number, and muscle name (S409). The processing unit 33 displays the created spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data on the display unit or outputs the data via the 1F unit as necessary.
- the muscle order can be determined in order from “deep” to “close to the trunk” using muscle geometric data.
- a method of determining the muscle order in which the nerve conduction time obtained from the neurogeometric data is determined in ascending order is conceivable.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be determined in the reverse order, or may be determined in an appropriate predetermined order, such as determining the order using one of the muscle and nerve geometric data.
- FIG. 31 shows a flowchart of the spatial arrangement calculation of the nerve cross section.
- FIG. 32 to FIG. 35 are explanatory diagrams showing states of data at the time of spatial arrangement.
- the processing unit 33 classifies each record (corresponding to a muscle name) into left and right, extensor, flexor, and muscle based on the muscle rank data read from the muscle rank data file 6, and determines a predetermined nerve (spine). It is arranged in the space related to the cross section of the medulla (S503).
- the space to be arranged may be stored in the storage unit, and may have a different region shape for each nerve (eg, spinal cord) cross section, or may use the same region shape or a plurality of region shapes.
- cells in which muscle names are arranged are divided into a matrix in a shape simulating spinal gray matter. The spatial arrangement is first shown in Figure 32.
- the processing unit 33 rearranges and arranges, according to the muscle order, the higher (shorter) muscle order and the lower (longer) muscle order as the distance from the center axis increases. This is almost equivalent to the method of rearranging the muscle classification and muscle arrangement in order from the one closest to the trunk.
- the processing unit 33 connects the muscle controlling nerves based on the extensor and flexor corresponding data read from the extensor and flexor corresponding data file 8, and rearranges them above (flexor) and below (extensor) (S507). In this way, a plurality of muscles having the same function can be associated with a plurality of muscles having the opposite function. As shown in FIG. 33, when the corresponding muscle group extends over two portions, the muscle groups are overlapped vertically.
- the processing unit 33 matches the classified muscle innervating nerve group to a predetermined space. That is, the processing unit 33 determines whether the classified muscle innervation nerve group exceeds a preset number N (S509). This is to prevent the height from increasing or decreasing extremely, and the number of N can be determined arbitrarily.
- the processing unit 33 divides the data into a maximum number smaller than N (S51 1). At this time, divide equally into heights that do not exceed the set height N, and if equal division is not possible, the one with the larger absolute value of the X coordinate is left. If either the extensor or flexor exceeds N, the remaining muscle innervating nerve groups are also divided into the same number.
- the processing unit 33 when the height is less than the set height N, the processing unit 33 combines the heights that do not exceed the absolute value of the X coordinate in ascending order as shown in FIG. 35 (S513). At this time, they can be combined so that the maximum number is less than N.
- the flexors and extensors may be connected in correspondence with each other, and may be connected when none of them exceeds N. Further, as shown in FIG. 35, if there is a gap, the processing unit 33 packs the X-axis absolute value in the direction toward the y axis, which is the axis of symmetry, in a direction in which the absolute value decreases (S515).
- the processing unit 33 creates the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data according to the spatial arrangement thus completed, and stores it in the spinal nerve cross-sectional coordinate data file 11 (S517). Further, the processing unit 33 displays the created spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data on a display unit or outputs the data via the IZF unit as necessary.
- the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data may use identification information for identifying the position of a cell in the spatial arrangement.
- FIG. 36 shows another embodiment of the flowchart of the spatial arrangement calculation.
- the processing unit 33 executes the step
- the processing of S503 to S507 is executed.
- the processing unit 33 arranges in a flat manner without dividing by the set number N in the spatial arrangement calculation of the nerve cross section. That is, the following sort 1 or 2 processing is executed.
- the input unit or the like selects one of these two rearrangements, and the processing unit 33 can execute the processing in accordance with the selection. Of course, other methods of determining the priority of the rearrangement can be appropriately adopted.
- the processing unit 33 performs the process of step S517 as described above.
- FIG. 37 shows an explanatory diagram of rearrangement 1 for creating a spatiotemporal pattern.
- the processing unit 33 rearranges the extensors and flexors in the order of the muscle parts while keeping the classification of the extensors and flexors.
- Fig. 38 is an explanatory diagram of Rearrangement 2 for creating spatiotemporal patterns.
- the processing unit 33 rearranges the muscles in the order of muscle order, and arranges the extensors and flexors alternately. (Conversion process from motor information to neural information: S 1 1 1)
- the processing unit 33 advances the time by the unit time, executes the conversion process from the exercise information to the neural information (S111), and presents (displays) the result on the display unit 11 (S113).
- FIG. 39 shows a flowchart of the conversion from exercise information to neural information.
- the processing unit 33 extracts the conduction time of the nerve corresponding to each nerve number from the nerve conduction time data read from the nerve conduction time data 3 ( S601).
- the processing unit 33 obtains a muscle name for each nerve number with reference to the neurogeometric data file 1 according to the motion data set in the initial setting S101, and, for the muscle name,
- the exercise data of the exercise characteristic set in 9 is read (S603).
- the processing unit 33 determines whether or not to consider the conduction time delay (S605). When considering the delay, the processing unit 33 extracts data before the conduction time from the requested time, and If there is no data at a certain time, motion data is calculated by interpolation (S607). On the other hand, when the delay is not considered, the processing unit 33 extracts the exercise data at the time determined from the muscle exercise data file 9 (S609).
- the processing unit 33 maps the motion data to the nerve data using the spinal cord cross-sectional coordinate data read from the spinal cord nerve cross-sectional coordinate data file 11 (S61 1). For example, at the position of the nerve of the nerve number determined by the spinal cord cross-sectional data, the muscle name and the time for each nerve number are used, depending on the value of the muscle movement information determined by the muscle movement data, or the color or color. Give a change.
- the processing unit 33 stores the nerve data thus completed in the nerve data file 12.
- Nerve bifurcation data represents the spinal nervous system in a tree structure with the spinal cord as the root and muscles as the leaves.
- the contact points indicate the via points or start points (spinal cord), the end points (muscles), and the branch points, and the branches indicate the nerve paths.
- nerves pass through the same point and branch again, or that one muscle is dually controlled by different nerves. Therefore, if the anatomical structure is expressed as it is, it is expressed as a graph having a closed circuit (a plurality of paths to a certain contact point). Therefore, after describing in a graph and converting it to a directed graph, if there is a closed circuit, one contact is written separately for each path and divided.
- FIG. 40 shows a flowchart of generating nerve branch data.
- FIGS. 41 to 44 show explanatory diagrams of the neural bifurcation data generation method.
- the processing unit 33 expresses the path from the spinal cord to the muscle on a graph based on anatomical knowledge (graph expression) (S701). That is, as shown in FIG. 41, only the connection relationship is expressed without considering the direction.
- the processing unit 33 expresses it as a directed graph from the spinal cord to the muscle (directed graph expression) (S703). That is, as shown in FIG. 42, the branch is an arrow pointing from the spinal cord to the muscle.
- the processing unit 33 divides the cycle and expresses it in a tree structure with the spinal cord as a root and a muscle as a leaf (tree expression) (S705).
- FIG. 43 first duplicate the muscle Then, make sure that each branch has one branch.
- replication is performed in order from the contact point closer to the lobe, so that the spinal cord contact point finally becomes one.
- the processing unit 33 stores the nerve branch data completed as described above in the nerve branch data file 5 (S707).
- FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between nerves and muscles.
- the measured value is used for the muscle length information.
- sensitivity adjustment is actually performed by a motor neuron.
- a signal of the same intensity is not necessarily transmitted from the muscle spindle to the spinal cord because of the same length or the same extension rate.
- the obtained image expresses neural information from a motor organ. However, it does not always exactly match the nerve signal strength. Rather, it expresses the information itself obtained by integrating the afferent signal sent from the muscle spindle to the spinal cord and the efferent signal sent from the spinal cord to the muscle. Even so, it can be said that the anatomical topological structure seems to be certain.
- the motor information-nerve information conversion method or the motor information-nerve information converter 'system of the present invention includes a motor information-nerve information conversion program and a motor information-nerve information conversion program for causing a computer to execute each procedure. It can be provided by a recorded computer-readable recording medium, a program product including an exercise information / nerve information conversion program, which can be loaded into an internal memory of the computer, a computer such as a server including the program, and the like.
- the present invention it is possible to propose a method of detecting and presenting nerve information from exercise information of muscles and tendons of the whole body. According to the present invention, it is possible to focus on spinal nerves that connect sensation and movement, and model the muscle innervation structure. Further, according to the present invention, based on this, nerve information flowing through the spinal cord during exercise can be visualized as an image obtained by slicing the spinal cord.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-176455 | 2004-06-15 | ||
JP2004176455A JP4016112B2 (ja) | 2004-06-15 | 2004-06-15 | 運動情報−神経情報変換装置及び方法、運動情報−神経情報変換プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005122895A1 true WO2005122895A1 (ja) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
ID=35509397
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/012772 WO2005122895A1 (ja) | 2004-06-15 | 2004-08-27 | 運動情報−神経情報変換装置及び方法、運動情報−神経情報変換プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4016112B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005122895A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112040858A (zh) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-12-04 | 脸谱科技有限责任公司 | 用于识别与神经肌肉源信号相关的生物结构的系统和方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5768021B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-07 | 2015-08-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 歩容測定装置、方法及びプログラム |
JP6515070B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-05-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 筋活動推定装置、方法およびプログラム |
JP6515069B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-05-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 筋活動解析装置、方法およびプログラム |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11192214A (ja) * | 1998-01-05 | 1999-07-21 | Sony Corp | 脊椎動物若しくはこれを模倣したロボットに関する数値モデルの作成方法 |
JP2001286451A (ja) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-16 | Rikogaku Shinkokai | 筋電信号の正規化基準値算出方法、内的力基準値算出方法、収縮度算出方法、内的力算出方法及びこれらの装置 |
JP2002186588A (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-02 | Pasuko:Kk | 人体数値管理システム及び人体モデリングシステム |
-
2004
- 2004-06-15 JP JP2004176455A patent/JP4016112B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-27 WO PCT/JP2004/012772 patent/WO2005122895A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11192214A (ja) * | 1998-01-05 | 1999-07-21 | Sony Corp | 脊椎動物若しくはこれを模倣したロボットに関する数値モデルの作成方法 |
JP2001286451A (ja) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-16 | Rikogaku Shinkokai | 筋電信号の正規化基準値算出方法、内的力基準値算出方法、収縮度算出方法、内的力算出方法及びこれらの装置 |
JP2002186588A (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-02 | Pasuko:Kk | 人体数値管理システム及び人体モデリングシステム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
OOTAKE M, NAKAMURA Y.: "Shinkei Kaibogaku ni Motozuku Ningen no Taisei Shinkeikei ni Kinshihai Model.", THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS HAKKO., vol. 2004, 18 June 2004 (2004-06-18), pages 2P2-H-60(1) - 2P2-H-60(4), XP002996274 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112040858A (zh) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-12-04 | 脸谱科技有限责任公司 | 用于识别与神经肌肉源信号相关的生物结构的系统和方法 |
CN112040858B (zh) * | 2017-10-19 | 2024-06-07 | 元平台技术有限公司 | 用于识别与神经肌肉源信号相关的生物结构的系统和方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4016112B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
JP2006000132A (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10698492B2 (en) | Wearable electronic, multi-sensory, human/machine, human/human interfaces | |
Farrer et al. | The role of proprioception in action recognition | |
Gribble et al. | Role of cocontraction in arm movement accuracy | |
US10437335B2 (en) | Wearable electronic, multi-sensory, human/machine, human/human interfaces | |
Bobbert et al. | Humans adjust control to initial squat depth in vertical squat jumping | |
Land et al. | From action representation to action execution: exploring the links between cognitive and biomechanical levels of motor control | |
JPH01502005A (ja) | 運動の調和を分析する装置および方法 | |
WO2010095636A1 (ja) | 筋張力推定法及び装置 | |
JP2001054507A (ja) | 筋電位情報を利用したモーションキャプチャー装置とその制御方法、並びにこれを用いた電気刺激装置、力触覚呈示装置とこれらの制御方法 | |
Cleather et al. | Lower-extremity musculoskeletal geometry affects the calculation of patellofemoral forces in vertical jumping and weightlifting | |
Prentice et al. | Artificial neural network model for the generation of muscle activation patterns for human locomotion | |
Tahayori et al. | Rambling and trembling in response to body loading | |
Proske et al. | Two senses of human limb position: methods of measurement and roles in proprioception | |
Tyldesley et al. | Muscles, nerves and movement: In human occupation | |
JP2001025510A (ja) | 電気刺激装置及び電気刺激を用いた力触覚呈示装置並びにこれらの制御方法 | |
WO2006027869A1 (ja) | 運動学習支援装置及び方法、運動学習支援プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 | |
JP2001029485A (ja) | 電気刺激装置及び電気刺激を用いた力触覚呈示装置並びにこれらの制御方法 | |
CN209203256U (zh) | 基于视觉-肌电生物反馈的肌肉损伤康复训练系统 | |
WO2005122895A1 (ja) | 運動情報−神経情報変換装置及び方法、運動情報−神経情報変換プログラム及び該プログラムを記録した記録媒体 | |
Levin et al. | Validity of virtual reality environments for sensorimotor rehabilitation | |
McMillan et al. | Tyldesley and grieve's muscles, nerves and movement in human occupation | |
Tadayon et al. | Automatic exercise assistance for the elderly using real-time adaptation to performance and affect | |
Cushion et al. | Differences in motor control strategies of jumping tasks, as revealed by group and individual analysis | |
Schnoz | On the role of trapezius co-activity and unfavourable motor unit patterns in the development of muscle disorders in human-computer interaction | |
Shokouhyan et al. | Time-delay estimation in biomechanical stability: a scoping review |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |