WO2005121474A1

WO2005121474A1 - Fixing element for fixing covering plates

Info

Publication number: WO2005121474A1
Application number: PCT/AT2005/000202
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Hrovath
Original assignee: BACKHAUS, Hugo, Lenhard
Priority date: 2004-06-08
Filing date: 2005-06-07
Publication date: 2005-12-22
Also published as: EP1756380A1; AT501522A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a holding element (1, 2) for fixing covering plates, used to cover floors, walls or ceilings, to holding elements (2, 1) which are previously mounted on the support. The invention is characterised in that the holding elements (1, 2) comprise positively co-operating positioning regions (11, 21) and non-positively co-operating holding regions (12, 22), said regions (11, 12; 21, 22) forming a single component with the respective holding element (1; 2).

Description

Fastening element for fastening covering plates

The invention relates to a fastening element for fastening covering plates which are designed for floor, wall or ceiling coverings, the fastening element being mounted on the substrate before the fastening of the covering plates.

Such an attachment is mentioned in WO 02/31290 A, which relates to floor and wall coverings. In one embodiment, it is disclosed that it is possible to mount strips on the base which have projections with which suitably designed recesses on the side of the covering plates facing the base cooperate in such a way that an adjustment and possibly fastening of the plates he follows. The design of these adjustment elements and their counterparts is only stated that they can cooperate in a form-fitting manner, that they can be resilient and can be inserted into one another by elastic and / or plastic deformation, it also being provided that the connection created is designed to be detachable and undamaged and that the positioning elements can be conical, frustoconical or spherical.

The main focus in this document is placed on the structure of the covering plate, consisting of a decorative plate and a glued or foamed supporting plate, the possibility of attaching a heater and the possibility of providing impact sound insulation, the formation of the adjusting or holding elements, as executed, just touched casually.

Adjustment and fastening elements are known in a wide variety of embodiments from publications that deal with the construction of raised floor systems. For this purpose, only refer to DE 23 39 978 A, DE 23 60 784 A, DE 31 14 590 A, DE 33 30 612 A, FR 2 710 360 A, WO 97/26424 A and US 5,333,423 A referred. The floors disclosed in these publications consist of support elements which are set up or fastened to the sub-floor in a predetermined grid, which are adjusted in height to the desired height and on which the actual floor panels are subsequently placed, with projections and recesses , analogous to the publication mentioned above, the adjustment and fixation is achieved. The last-mentioned French publication deviates slightly from this in that it relates to a removable exhibition floor in which the supports are also connected to one another and thus form a kind of frame, and the center of the individual covering plates can also be supported.

A raised floor is known from EP 0 191 868 A, which has similarities to the floor of the last-mentioned FR-A, since it has strip elements attached to the floor, into which the covering plates are finally inserted. Due to the way it is used, the system only prevents fixation by the weight of the individual panels. Any attachment to walls or ceilings, but also to sloping surfaces, is excluded with this system.

Another raised floor, similar to the exhibition floor according to the French publication mentioned above, is known from US Pat. No. 5,323,575: Large frame element that can accommodate several covering plates is used and the covering plates lie on strip-shaped projections of the frame element and are replaced by cylindrical ones Support and adjustment elements near their center are also supported. The frame elements can be connected to one another by appropriately designed edge regions. This floor is also only to be used as a floor and only on the level.

A raised floor is known from DE 42 44 424 A, in which the individual components used form channels for the passage of cables or pipes. Nothing is said about the attachment or adjustment of these elements to the ground or to one another.

A floor, which is not a raised floor, but allows the compensation of level differences, is known from DE 202 08 282 U. The height of the bearing surfaces of the plate bearing resting on the ground can be adjusted, the plates rest on the bearings and their position within the surface of the covering is adjusted by vertical bars.

Floors are known from DE 19 18 203 A, FR 2 345 560A and US Pat. No. 4 172 168 A, in which adjacent panels are formed by form-fitting the edges Kind of puzzle pieces are held in predetermined positions to each other. Apart from the problems with any type of unevenness in the subsurface, these configurations do not concern the fastening of the individual plates to the subsurface, but only their position relative to one another.

A special type of floor covering, to a certain extent a doubling of the last-mentioned floors, is derived from FR 2 206 430 A, FR 2 206 430 A, FR 2 570 116 A, US 3 857 749 A and US 4 090 338 A: All of these publications have floor coverings whose slabs consist of a lower and an upper area, the outlines of the two areas differing from one another, but in a correctly adjacent position they allow a complete closure in both areas. This is intended to avoid the problem of overloading the edges and in particular corners of covering panels. However, none of these publications has anything to do with the installation of these panels on the subsurface, this installation is carried out according to the individual publications in a conventional manner, namely by gluing flat with a suitable binder or by laying them flat (floating laying).

As can be seen from the previous explanations, there is a need for an adjusting and holding element which, regardless of the structure of the covering plates, allows them to be laid quickly and without binding agents, the adjusting and holding elements attached to the subsurface optionally having discretely attached individual parts can be, or strip-shaped elements or also grid-shaped elements, each of which carries a plurality of adjusting and holding elements in the correct position to one another and are attached to the substrate and it does not matter whether the laying on the floor, horizontally or obliquely, on the wall , or on the ceiling.

Strictly speaking, the invention thus relates only to the actual adjusting and holding element, consisting of a part fastened to the ground and a part fastened to the covering plate.

The two parts should work together to ensure the desired positioning of the covering plates - adjustment function - as well as their attachment - holding radio tion - taking into account the mounting position and the weight of the covering plate.

According to the invention, these objectives are achieved in that the adjustment and holding elements, which are referred to below for better readability because of the simple holding parts, have positively interacting positioning regions and non-positively interacting holding regions and that these regions are formed in one piece with the holding element.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. 1 shows a schematic section through a holding part according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a pot-shaped holding part, FIG. 3 shows a variant in a view according to FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention and FIG 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention.

A mushroom-shaped holding part 1 designed according to the invention essentially consists of a fastening plate 10, a cylindrical collar 11 and the actual mushroom body 12. This mushroom part 1 has circular symmetry about its vertical axis, the element axis 3, and thus enables a particularly simple solution to the object according to the invention.

A pot part 2 according to the invention interacts with this mushroom part 1. The pot part 2 has a support plate 20 from which a guide cylinder 21 and the actual pot element 22 rise concentrically. The pot element 22 is divided by recesses 23 into individual resilient tongues 24, these have an inner contour that can best be seen in FIG. 1 and generally forms the shape of a radially inwardly directed hook 25. These hooks 25 interact with the rear side 15 of the mushroom body 12 and thus ensure the cohesion of the components, not shown, connected to the two holding parts. The positioning is brought about by the flat abutment of the lateral surfaces of the cylinders 11, 21, the mushroom-side cylinder 11 coming to lie within the pot-side cylinder 21 in the exemplary embodiment shown.

The holding element shown thus actually results in a positive positioning, namely between the outer surfaces of the cylinders 11, 12 and a non-positive Holder, namely by the resilient tongues 24 with their hooks 25 in cooperation with the mushroom element 12 or its rear conical surface 15.

Depending on the choice of materials, the wall thicknesses, the number of tongues 24 formed and the inclination of the contact surfaces between the hooks 25 and the cone 15, the connection can be released without destruction by a correspondingly large application of force or not. In order to enable non-destructive connection even with permanent connection, in contrast to loosening, only (Fig. 3) the front cone 16 of the mushroom element 12 and the front cone 26 of the individual tongues 24 must be designed so steep that the tongues 24 are pressed resiliently outwards , while the respective rear cone 15, 25 is so flat that the frictional engagement prevents it from spreading and thus prevents it from being released without being destroyed.

The two holding parts 1, 2 can be designed differently than shown: for example, in the illustrated embodiment of the mushroom part 12, these incisions can have similar incisions 23 and thus be split into resilient tongues, while the pot 22 is then in one piece and comparatively stiff or rigid, preferably without incisions 23, is formed. However, the mushroom part can also be designed more like a mushroom than shown and it can then have a correct foot and head, which of course makes it necessary to leave the elastic deformation entirely to the pot.

The parts do not have to be axially symmetrical, as will be explained in more detail below, but this will usually be advantageous because of the advantages in manufacture and assembly. Even if the positioning areas are of axially symmetrical design, the holding areas (apart from the incisions 23 already in front) can be provided without symmetry or with other symmetry, for example if the holding forces to be expected are particularly pronounced in a certain direction, for example in the case of facade elements. Conversely, it is possible to design the holding areas in a rotationally symmetrical manner and the positioning areas with a different symmetry or without symmetry if, for example, each holding element is to secure the positioning in only one direction.

The two holding parts can be attached to the respective component - covering plate or base - in different ways. So it is especially possible that Part that is attached to the substrate to be made in one piece with the attachment points or attachment strips or the attachment grid. In the illustrated embodiment, this would be the pot part 20, for which a plastic design would then be appropriate.

The holding part mounted on the covering plate, which can be both the mushroom part and the pot part, can either be glued to this or, if the holding forces are large enough and the covering plate is designed in this way, into the foamed part of the covering plate like a lost core be foamed. In this embodiment, if it is the mushroom part, it is preferable that the cylinder section 11 in the case of the connection lies outside the cylinder section 20 of the pot part, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to be used as a lost core during foaming can. If the pot part is foamed into the covering plate, it should, as shown in FIG. 1, have the outer cylinder section. If the holding plate-side holding part is glued to the covering plate, this plays a lesser role.

The interaction of the cylinder parts 11, 21 can also be used to produce the correct axial positioning of the covering plate with respect to the substrate, only the axial extension of at least one of the two cylinder parts being so large that the covering plate is kept at a distance from the substrate ,

If, however, a flat contact of the covering plate with the subsurface is desired, for example in the case of laying as a floor covering, the axial dimensions of the two cylindrical parts should be chosen so small that the covering plate comes to lie on it with its surface facing the subsoil and that End faces of both cylinder parts 11, 21 end at a distance from the holding part opposing them.

In particular, when using the fastening system for facade elements, it is appropriate that the position in the axial direction is determined by the height of the cylindrical parts; after installation, the space between the subsurface (on-site raw facade) and the rear of the covering plate can be removed in these cases mostly consist of only one layer, which is thin due to its weight, to avoid cavities and to improve the insulation, but still the forces occurring are not transmitted through the foam bed, but through the holder according to the invention. In the case of a curtain wall of this kind, the cylindrical elements serve as protection against the penetration of the foam into the actual area of the mushroom element and the pot.

4 shows an embodiment which can be used particularly advantageously with facade elements or ceiling coverings: the mushroom part 1 carries on the inside of its cylinder part 11, which lies within the cylinder part 21 of the pot part 2, and just outside the outer surface of the pot 22 or the resilient tongues 24 a ring 17 with a conical inner surface 18. The ring 17 has at least one, preferably at least two, particularly preferably three or more, radial extensions 19 which protrude into corresponding grooves 13 of the cylinder part 11 and thus a rotation of the Prevent ring and limit the axial mobility of the ring 17.

In the area of the one, the illustrated, end position of the ring 17, its conical surface 18 is so far away from the outside of the pot 22 that its elastic deformation is not impaired when the two holding parts 1, 2 are made / released. In the area of the other end position, the inwardly projecting part of the conical surface 18 comes so close to the most moving section of the pot 22 that when it tries to slide over the mushroom 12 it lies against the conical surface and is fixed before he got over the mushroom.

The ring 17 is made of magnetic material and is preferably held in at least one of the two end positions by a magnetizable part in the mushroom part 1 if it comes close enough to it. Such a part can, for example, be provided in one piece in the mushroom part in the manner of a lost core. However, this is not absolutely necessary, as can be easily seen, if one visualizes the situation according to the illustration, the mushroom part carrying the covering plate (not shown) and it being a ceiling covering. During assembly, the ring 17 is held in the position shown by an electromagnet positioned below the holding parts 1, 2 and, after assembly and the electromagnet being switched off, falls down by gravity and fixes the cohesion of the two parts, which is thus secured as long as the pot part does not fall off the ceiling. To release, for example by means of an electromagnet, the Ring 17 pressed against the force of gravity and at the same time the mushroom part pulled down, so that the connection is released.

If a magnet or a magnetizable part is provided, for example in the upper edge region of the cylinder 11, the ring 17 holds there against the force of gravity and is pulled down after assembly by an electromagnet so that it releases, falls down and finally remains in the blocking position by gravity. When loosening, the ring only has to be shifted upwards by an electromagnet until it is held again by the magnet (not shown) or magnetizable part, then the covering plate can be removed. Of course, this magnet or magnetizable part can also be provided in a suitable manner in the pot part 2.

This configuration can be varied in various ways: for example, the ring can be rotated instead of axially displaced if the resilient tongues 24 make up only less than 50% of the circumference, the ring can be provided in the pot part 2 if its cylinder part 22 is inside of the cylinder part 12 of the mushroom part 1, it can, if the mushroom part is deformed when connecting / detaching, the ring may lie within the mushroom 12, which then has, for example, a stepped inner wall, the ring then preferably being held and guided by the pot part and the like , more.

FIG. 5 shows a variant with a mushroom 12 'produced in a split manner (and without a fixing ring), the individual parts being cast in the fastening plate 10 in the manner of lost cores, so that when the mushroom part 1 is used, it is present in one piece. Whether two, three or more mushroom parts are to be put together into one depends on the type of production and the introduction into the fastening plate 10.

In a variant, it is possible to choose a longitudinally symmetrical design instead of the circularly symmetrical design of the holding parts which has been shown and has been described so far. If, for example, in Fig. 1 the section is not imagined as a section through a circular element, but rather through a linear one, the corresponding structure can be recognized very easily. It would then be necessary to provide at least two such elements per covering plate in a non-parallel, preferably in an orthogonal, or, in the case of more than two elements, in a symmetrical arrangement in order to guide and hold in both directions Level and normal to come to her. Of course, it is possible to provide several short elements in different directions. Because of the compactness and easier manufacture, the central symmetrical holding parts will be preferred in most applications.

In this variant, too, a form-fitting fixation can be achieved, not with a ring but with a suitably shaped strip. At least one holding part can be divided by incisions in resilient tongues and by moving a fixing strip with a cross-section that is variable over its length, e.g. in the direction of the groin, the deformation of the tongues is allowed or prevented depending on the position of the locating bar.

Regardless of the choice of the material of the pot element - metal or plastic - the mushroom element can be made of plastic or metal, a joined structure from the inner mushroom element or pot element and the outer cylinder element is also conceivable in order to be able to produce the undercut of the inner element inexpensively , It is essential, however, that at the time of attachment, whether on the covering plate or on the surface, each holding part is in one piece.

In the case of the adhesive connection between the covering plate and the holding part attached to it, depending on the material of the covering plate and the material of the holding part, different adhesives are available, so-called polyurethane structural adhesives are preferred, such as those described under the name TECHBOND PUR by A. RAYBOND sarl be driven out. Of course, other adhesives can also be used and can be selected by the person skilled in the field of adhesive technology with knowledge of the materials to be bonded and the conditions of use without great difficulty.

As can be seen directly from the above explanations for the individual experts in the field of plastics technology, or the covering plates, or the detachable connections, it is possible to combine the individual variants and configurations of the invention explained with one another in a different arrangement than indicated. Whether the covering plate is attached to the pot part or the mushroom part, whether these parts are rotationally symmetrical or elongated, whether a magnetic fuse is used and on which component they are is stored, whether the resilient tongues account for more or less than 50% of the circumferential extent or longitudinal extent, all that can be selected and combined by the person skilled in the art knowing the invention and the requirements of the installation conditions, without leaving the field of the invention.

Claims

claims:

1. holding part (1, 2) for fastening covering plates, which are designed for floor, wall or ceiling coverings, which is mounted before the fastening of the covering plates to the substrate, characterized in that the holding parts (1, 2) form-fitting with fastening parts of the covering plates interacting positioning areas (11, 21) and holding areas (12, 22) interacting non-positively with fastening areas of the covering plates and that these areas (11, 12; 21, 22) are formed in one piece with the respective holding part (1; 2).

2. Holding part according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding areas on the one hand mushroom shape (12) and on the other hand corresponding pot shape (22).

3. Holding part according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding areas have the shape of substantially straight strips.

4. Holding part according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the holding areas in cross section have the shape of cooperating hooks (15, 25).

5. Holding part according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that one of the holding areas (12, 22) is divided by incisions (23) in resilient tongues (24).

6. Holding part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning areas have the shape of cylindrical extensions (11, 21) which touch one another along the lateral surfaces in the assembled state.

7. Holding part according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the positioning areas have the shape of polygonal extensions which touch each other along the lateral surfaces in the assembled state.

8. Holding part according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the positioning areas have the shape of strips.

9. Holding part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a fixing part (17), consists of magnetizable or magnetic material and is movable between two positions, wherein in one of the positions it connects / releases the non-positively interacting holding areas (12 , 22) allowed and prevented in the other.

10. Holding part according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixing part is a ring (17) which is rotatably or displaceably mounted in the mushroom part (1) or in the pot part (2).

11. Holding part according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it has at least one area made of magnetizable or magnetic material through which the fixing part (17) is held against gravity in one of its two end positions.

12. Holding part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists at least essentially of metal or plastic or plastic with cast metal parts.

13. Holding part according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its positioning areas (11, 21) are formed in several parts and are integrally connected by means of a support plate (20) or holding plate (10).

14. bar or grid for laying on the ground, characterized in that it is provided with at least one holding part (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 9.

15. covering plate, characterized in that it is provided with at least one holding part (2, 1) according to one of claims 1 to 9.