WO2005114257A1 - Procede de correction des spectres bi-parametriques - Google Patents
Procede de correction des spectres bi-parametriques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005114257A1 WO2005114257A1 PCT/FR2005/050270 FR2005050270W WO2005114257A1 WO 2005114257 A1 WO2005114257 A1 WO 2005114257A1 FR 2005050270 W FR2005050270 W FR 2005050270W WO 2005114257 A1 WO2005114257 A1 WO 2005114257A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spectrum
- profile
- correction function
- parametric
- amplitude
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
Definitions
- 1 / invention relates to the field of signal processing in particular in X or gamma spectrometry.
- This technique uses a semiconductor detector, which often has collection defects with the charge carriers.
- incident radiation spectrometry we seek to determine the quantity of charge carriers created by the interaction of X or gamma photons.
- an electric field is applied to the semiconductor material using electrodes so as to drain these charges and unduly, an electrical signal of amplitude proportional to their quantity.
- the measurement of this quantity of carriers is made difficult by the imperfect transport properties of the semiconductor: in fact, part of the charges do not reach the electrodes. This is the problem of incomplete collection.
- One of the techniques proposed to correct this incomplete collection is to use, in addition to the amplitude measurement, the measurement of one or more other parameters on the form of the electrical signal obtained (for example its rise time) allowing in particular to go back to the place of interaction of the photon in the semiconductor medium. Through calibration of the collection efficiency as a function of the place of interaction, it is then possible to determine the charge actually deposited by the photon.
- An example of this type of method is described in the French patent application FR - 2 738 919 or in the document FR - 2 738 693.
- This type of correction method consists in measuring the amplitude and the rise time of the electrical signal. obtained at the output of a charge preamplifier connected to the electrodes of the device, then to simultaneously record the two quantities.
- the data is stored in a two-dimensional histogram, called a bi-parametric spectrum.
- a calibration of the amplitude / time relationship is then carried out on two reference energies E1 and E2, known to be present in a radioactive calibration source.
- Two amplitude / time calibration curves Ai (T) and A 2 (T) are thus obtained which are then used to correct the pressure drop for the whole spectrum and to estimate the energies equivalent to the different amplitude / time pairs:
- - Gain (T ) Ai (T) All the amplitude / time pairs corresponding to the different interactions are corrected by this technique which we designate by "homothety".
- FIG. 1 represents a raw bi-parametric spectrum, with the rise time T on the ordinate and the amplitude A on the abscissa.
- This type of spectrum contains two other pieces of information: energy (as explained in document FR 2 738 919) and the number of photons n.
- the two point clouds 10 and 11 overlapping in FIG. 1 correspond to two different energies Ea and Eb.
- the complete representation is a three-dimensional representation formed of a set of 3D curves, like those referenced 13, 14 and 15 in FIG. 2, each curve giving, for a given energy, the number of photons n as a function of rise time T and amplitude A of the signal.
- FIG. 3 represents the bi-parametric spectrum corrected by the method called "by homothety". Thanks to this correction by homothety, the point clouds 10 and 11 whose amplitudes overlap, are transformed into two other separate point clouds 10a and 11b in amplitude corresponding to said two different energies Ea and Eb.
- the corrected bi-parametric spectrum contains however degraded information: we see that, compared to the representation of figure 1, the signals relating to point clouds 10a and 11b are widened compared to the signals relating to point clouds 10 and 11 . If the point clouds 10 and 11 in Figure 1 had been even closer, the two point clouds 10a and 11b in Figure 3 could overlap. The correction by homothety is therefore not entirely satisfactory.
- the energy spectrum resulting from the homothetic method therefore does not in fact use all the information present in the bi-parametric spectrum. This results in the impossibility of correctly exploiting the pulses of low amplitudes, although they are detected and identifiable at a given energy peak. The problem therefore arises of finding an improved correction method and device allowing a more global exploitation of the information contained in a bi-parametric spectrum.
- the invention firstly relates to a method for processing a bi-parametric spectrum comprising: - the selection of a spectrum profile parameter, and of an initial correction function, - for any profile selected according to this parameter, perform a correction operation by multiplying this selected profile by a correction function, equal to the sum of at least part of the profiles already corrected.
- Said bi-parametric spectrum can for example be of the type (time - amplitude).
- Said profile parameter can then be the rise time of the spectrum, the profiles then being able to be selected according to a decreasing order of the rise times or, better still, by decreasing order of precision or resolution.
- the signal to which the method according to the invention applies can be a bi-parametric signal or spectrum already processed or corrected by homothety.
- the initial correction function is for example a uniform distribution.
- Said correction operation may further comprise a normalization step.
- said correction operation can further comprise a division by an integral of said correction function.
- said correction operation may include another multiplication by a ratio of an integral of said selected profile to another integral of the selected profile multiplied by said correction function.
- said correction operation can further comprising a localized normalization step comprising: - a division of said selected profile by a convolution of said correction function and of said uncertainty function. a step of redistribution amplitude channel by amplitude channel of the distribution of the number of photons in said selected profile using a so-called uncertainty function dependent on said measurement uncertainty.
- Said uncertainty function can for example be of the Gaussian type, the standard deviation of which depends on said measurement uncertainty.
- the present invention also relates to a device for processing a bi-parametric spectrum, for example of the type (time - amplitude) comprising: - means for selecting a parameter of the spectrum profile, and an initial correction function, - means for, for any profile selected according to this parameter, carry out a correction operation by multiplying this profile selected by a correction function, equal to the sum of at least part of the profiles already corrected and normalized.
- This processing device can, according to a particular embodiment, further comprise means for classifying all the profiles of the spectrum according to a resolution quality criterion, as well as means for selecting the profiles of the spectrum. in ascending or descending order of resolution quality.
- the processing device according to the invention may also optionally include means for correcting the spectrum by homothety.
- the invention further relates to a device for processing a bi-parametric spectrum comprising: - means for selecting a spectrum profile parameter and an initial correction function, - means programmed to implement a method for processing spectrum according to the invention and as described above.
- a medical imaging device comprising: a semiconductor detector or matrix of detectors, means for acquiring a bi-parametric spectrum, a device for processing the bi-parametric spectrum according to the invention, means for display of information relating to the processing of the bi-parametric spectrum is also provided in the context of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 - 3 represent bi-parametric spectra
- FIG. 4 schematically represents the steps of a method according to the invention
- - Figures 5 and 6 represent examples of spectra obtained by a method according to the invention
- - Figures 7 and 8 show devices for implementing a method according to one invention.
- a bi-parametric spectrum obtained contains in particular information relating to a distribution of a number of photons n according to different amplitude channels and different rise time channels.
- a number of photons for a given rise time channel and for a given amplitude channel of the spectrum corresponds to a frequency or a number of occurrences of a couple (rise time, amplitude of a signal).
- the spectrum obtained can be for example a spectrum such as that represented in FIG. 1, or a spectrum corrected by homothety, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- a profile parameter given is selected from the spectrum parameters such that for example a time parameter of rise, as well as a correction function (step S3), initialized by a distribution which will be denoted C 0 , for example a distribution of uniform type.
- Steps S2 and S3 can be carried out simultaneously or in any order.
- a first distribution or a first profile denoted Do of the bi-parametric spectrum is selected with constant profile parameter.
- This selection can for example be that of a spectrum profile with constant rise time, which will then correspond to a selection for a given rise time of the distribution of the number of photons n according to the different amplitude channels.
- the selection of such a profile can meet one or more criteria and can be represented for example by drawing a horizontal line y orthogonal to the ordinate axis in Figure 1.
- a profile at constant rise time corresponds to a set of discrete digitized values.
- a choice of precision corresponds to the step of the digitization which can be chosen in particular according to the measurement uncertainty of the rise times.
- a profile comprising a peak of high intensity is selected, for example the profile comprising the peak of highest intensity as defined in FIG. 1 by the horizontal line y 0 passing through the peak P (including the intensity is proportional to the gray level on the spectrum image).
- the selection can be made according to a profile resolution criterion. For example, one can select from all the profiles of the spectrum with constant rise time, the profile having the highest resolution. We can thus start the treatment starting from the rise time channels containing the most "precise" peak or peaks.
- a classification, according to a resolution criterion, of the different profiles of the spectrum, each profile having a constant rise time, may have been carried out before step S4, for example just after step S2 of the process.
- the resolution could be calculated based in particular on the width at half height of the peaks contained in each profile.
- the correction can be completed with a step which will be called "normalization" (step S5), which can be carried out before, at the same time, or after step S6 of multiplication.
- this standardization can consist in dividing the first profile at least partially corrected D'o by the integral over all the amplitude channels (which will be denoted C 0 ) of the correction function Co, such that: In the preceding expression (1) as in all of
- the normalization step S6 can consist in multiplying the first corrected profile D'o
- step S7 the correction function initialized at Co is modified (step S7). The latter is incremented by adding the first corrected profile to it.
- This correction function Ci may serve as a correction function for another profile with constant rise time and makes it possible to take account of information relating to the first corrected profile.
- a processing of the type carried out during steps S4 to S7 is then carried out on another profile with constant rise time of the bi-parametric spectrum.
- a second profile Di is first selected (step S8) with a constant rise time, for example by going in the direction of decreasing rise times from the first profile, or for example according to a resolution criterion, for example by choosing from all the profiles with constant rise time of the spectrum remaining to be treated, the profile having the highest resolution.
- the second profile is then multiplied by the modified correction function Ci (step S9), consisting of the sum of the initial correction function Co and the first corrected profile D ' 0 .
- D'i Di x [Co + D ' 0 ]
- a second step of normalization of the second profile, and of the type of that performed for the first profile can be performed, possibly at the same time as the step S9 of multiplication.
- this second normalization can consist in multiplying the second corrected profile D'i by a ratio of the integral over all the channels in amplitude of the second profile D x (denoted ⁇ A) and of the integral over all the channels in amplitude of the first corrected profile (denoted
- T a calibration is carried out on two reference peaks making it possible to calibrate a Gain (T) and an offset (T). Then, thanks to one of the reference peaks, the different channels are classified in time of spectrum rise, typically from the most precise (the one with the profile at the best resolution) to the least precise. We then proceed by iteratively building an energy spectrum.
- a profile D k of the spectrum for said given rise time is corrected homothetically.
- the prior knowledge is taken into account by multiplying this profile or this distribution D k by a correction function C k obtained thanks to the distributions corrected previously.
- the resulting distribution D ' is normalized to assign the number of strokes equal to the number of channel strokes to be corrected. 4)
- We modify the correction function C by adding the corrected and normalized distribution
- the different points of the bi-parametric spectrum are classified in order of precision.
- This classification does not necessarily correlate with the arithmetic chronology of the rise time values (in other words the classified points are not necessarily juxtaposed on the spectrum).
- the spectrum referenced 16 corresponds to a sum over all the rise times of the bi-parametric spectrum corrected using the method according to the invention and corresponds to a graphic representation of the correction function C N obtained at the end of the following method the invention from which the initial correction function C 0 has been removed.
- This principle can be applied less strictly, knowing that the profiles in regions of the spectrum corresponding to large Signal amplitudes are generally more precise than the profiles in regions of the spectrum corresponding to low amplitudes, and thus choose a processing chronology according to a decreasing order of rise times.
- each profile is corrected in time constant rise T of the bi-parametric spectrum for example in an order according to a predetermined classification according to a resolution criterion.
- D k given at selected constant rise time (represented for example by the drawing of a horizontal line orthogonal to the ordinate axis in FIG.
- this profile is treated, channel of amplitude after channel of amplitude, on all the different amplitude channels according to the following method: For a given amplitude channel i (represented for example by a discontinuous vertical line orthogonal to the abscissa axis in Figure 1): 1) We selects the number of shots or photons contained in the profile D k for said given amplitude channel i, and which we denote by D k (i). 2) This number is redistributed according to said uncertainty function, which is centered on said given amplitude channel i and which will then be noted G x .
- This uncertainty function can for example be a Gaussian distribution whose standard deviation depends on the uncertainty on the measurements which made it possible to obtain the bi-parametric spectrum.
- correction function Ck The result of this redistribution is multiplied by a correction function Ck, and normalized.
- the correction function C k can be obtained, as described above, by summing the distributions with constant rise time processed and corrected previously.
- the latter can be a division by an integral, over all the channels in amplitude, of the product of the uncertainty function centered Gi by the correction function Ck, integral which we will denote by ⁇ G, .xC ft , i corresponding to said channel
- D k (i) in the corrected final spectrum is then repeated for all of the amplitude channels. We then perform a sum on all the channels in order to obtain a corrected and normalized profile which we denote by D ' k .
- the number of strokes of each channel i is redistributed in a region close to channel i, according to a distribution G j XC k , which corresponds to a local selection of the correction function around of each channel i. This prevents the shots from each channel from being redistributed in regions of the spectrum distant from the one in which they were originally located and where the presence of these shots would have little or no physical significance.
- FIG. 5 represents a bi-parametric spectrum corrected by a method according to the invention, of the type of that of FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows two energy spectra referenced 15 and 16, obtained from projections in the direction of the ordinate axis respectively of a first bi-parametric spectrum of the type of that in FIG. 3 and of another bi-parametric spectrum of the type of that illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the resolution of spectrum 16, resulting from 'A processing method according to the invention is better than that of the spectrum referenced 15 and makes it possible to better distinguish the two energies E a and E b .
- the method according to the invention can be implemented using a device as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 7 designates a matrix of detection elements 102 with semiconductor, arranged in a detection plan.
- Figure 8 shows an example of a structure of a semiconductor detector.
- This comprises a platform 30 equipped with integrated electronic circuits 32 and on which is mounted a plurality of detection elements 34.
- the detection elements 34 are each in the form of a semiconductor block with two Opposite parallel faces on which electrodes are provided.
- An electric field applied to the electrodes allows the carriers to migrate of charges, that is to say the elements, ctrons and the holes formed by the interaction of the radiation with the semiconductor.
- the electrodes not shown in the figure, are also provided for receiving the charges and transferring them to the integrated circuits of the platform 30 for the formation of a detection signal.
- the signals delivered by the detection elements are directed to a first integrated circuit, for example a specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 110.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- This circuit includes signal amplification channels for each detection element and means for multiplexing the channels.
- a second circuit 112 is provided for determining the amplitude and the rise time of each signal and for formatting data corresponding to these quantities, as well as data representing the coordinates of the events.
- the coordinates of the events are linked to the position of the corresponding detection element in the detection plane.
- a circuit such as circuit 112 is for example described in the document FR - 2 738 919.
- the processing method according to the invention can be applied to bi-parametric spectra having as their shape parameter a parameter different from the rise time.
- the data are sent to a computer 114 intended to carry out the calculations and processing linked to the calibration phase and intended to build an image (for example medical) from the data during the acquisition phase.
- the image is displayed on a screen 116.
- the computer is designed or programmed to correct the bi-parametric spectrum according to a method according to the invention.
- the data for implementing this method can be stored in the computer 114 or in a memory indicated by the reference 120 in FIG. 7.
- the circuits 110 and 112 always establish the amplitude data , rise time and event coordinates from the signals from the sensing elements.
- a spectrum such as that of FIG. 6 can be obtained by the processing described above.
- a device and a method according to the invention can be used in the context of medical examinations carried out in nuclear medicine, as described in the introduction to patent application FR - 2 790 560, or observations in astrophysics, in the nuclear field (observation, for example, of radioactive waste streams), in the field of non-destructive testing.
- the invention has been described with the example of bi-parametric spectra (time - amplitude).
- the photon interaction depth in the semiconductor medium can be approximated by measuring the rise time, or also by measuring the anode amplitude ratio. by cathode.
- the invention also applies to any other example of a bi-parametric spectrum.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/587,645 US7881893B2 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-21 | Method for correcting biparametric spectra |
JP2007512297A JP4994225B2 (ja) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-21 | 2パラメータスペクトルの処理方法及び装置 |
EP05747061.9A EP1743192B1 (fr) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-21 | Procede de correction des spectres bi-parametriques |
CN2005800140928A CN1961220B (zh) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-21 | 校正两参数谱的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0404763A FR2869692B1 (fr) | 2004-05-03 | 2004-05-03 | Procede de correction des spectres bi-parametriques |
FR0404763 | 2004-05-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005114257A1 true WO2005114257A1 (fr) | 2005-12-01 |
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PCT/FR2005/050270 WO2005114257A1 (fr) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-04-21 | Procede de correction des spectres bi-parametriques |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US7881893B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1743192B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4994225B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1961220B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2869692B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2006142684A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2005114257A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7480593B2 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2009-01-20 | Suresh Gopalan | Methods and systems for high confidence utilization of datasets |
US7518118B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2009-04-14 | California Institute Of Technology | Depth sensing in CdZnTe pixel detectors |
FR2950979B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-07 | 2012-12-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de traitement de donnees issues d'un detecteur de rayonnements ionisants |
JP5399938B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-08 | 2014-01-29 | アズビル株式会社 | 推定用多項式生成装置、推定装置、推定用多項式生成方法および推定方法 |
FR3002651B1 (fr) | 2013-02-22 | 2015-04-10 | Areva Nc | Procede d'asservissement du gain et du zero d'un dispositif de comptage de photons a pixels multiples, et systeme de mesure de lumiere mettant en œuvre ce procede |
GB201408853D0 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-02 | Diamond Light Source Ltd | Analysis of signals from pixellated detectors of ionizing radiation |
EP3265780B1 (fr) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-11-06 | Bio-rad Laboratories, Inc. | Concordance spectrale optimisée et affichage |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2738693A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme de traitement d'impulsions provenant de l'interaction d'une particule gamma avec un detecteur de rayonnement cdte |
FR2738919A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-03-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif pour la correction de mesure spectrometrique dans le domaine de la detection de photons gamma |
FR2790560A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de tri en temps reel d'evenements de detection d'un detecteur de rayonnements gamma et de correction d'uniformite d'elements de detection du detecteur |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5532122A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1996-07-02 | Biotraces, Inc. | Quantitation of gamma and x-ray emitting isotopes |
FR2734438B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-18 | 1997-08-01 | Optran Technologies | Dispositif de transfert d'informations entre deux signaux numeriques et generateur de signaux utilisant un tel dispositif de transfert d'informations |
US7304307B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2007-12-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | PMT signal correlation filter |
-
2004
- 2004-05-03 FR FR0404763A patent/FR2869692B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-04-21 WO PCT/FR2005/050270 patent/WO2005114257A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-04-21 RU RU2006142684/28A patent/RU2006142684A/ru unknown
- 2005-04-21 CN CN2005800140928A patent/CN1961220B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-21 EP EP05747061.9A patent/EP1743192B1/fr active Active
- 2005-04-21 JP JP2007512297A patent/JP4994225B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-21 US US11/587,645 patent/US7881893B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2738693A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-14 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Systeme de traitement d'impulsions provenant de l'interaction d'une particule gamma avec un detecteur de rayonnement cdte |
FR2738919A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-15 | 1997-03-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif pour la correction de mesure spectrometrique dans le domaine de la detection de photons gamma |
FR2790560A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de tri en temps reel d'evenements de detection d'un detecteur de rayonnements gamma et de correction d'uniformite d'elements de detection du detecteur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4994225B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
US7881893B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
EP1743192A1 (fr) | 2007-01-17 |
EP1743192B1 (fr) | 2016-05-11 |
CN1961220B (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
FR2869692B1 (fr) | 2006-06-23 |
US20080061224A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
JP2007536549A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
CN1961220A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
FR2869692A1 (fr) | 2005-11-04 |
RU2006142684A (ru) | 2008-06-10 |
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