WO2005111582A1 - Verfahren und systeme zur todeszeitbestimmung, zeit-, zustands-, flüssigkeitsgehaltsermittlung und -messung von und an zähnen oder stoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und systeme zur todeszeitbestimmung, zeit-, zustands-, flüssigkeitsgehaltsermittlung und -messung von und an zähnen oder stoffen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005111582A1 WO2005111582A1 PCT/EP2005/004790 EP2005004790W WO2005111582A1 WO 2005111582 A1 WO2005111582 A1 WO 2005111582A1 EP 2005004790 W EP2005004790 W EP 2005004790W WO 2005111582 A1 WO2005111582 A1 WO 2005111582A1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
Definitions
- color measurement is used with a wide variety of systems in industry for quality monitoring and in research in the material science sense.
- Such devices and systems for example, spectrophotometers, three-range measuring devices, etc.
- spectrophotometers, three-range measuring devices, etc. are designed for measurement on flat surfaces and homogeneous materials such as plastics, automotive paints, printed products, textiles. They generate a mostly standardized light, which is directed towards the object or material to be assessed in terms of color.
- This object reflects the light that is not absorbed by it in a corresponding spectral composition, which light must hit the sensor capable of detecting the measuring apparatus for the purpose of measurement.
- Light falling on the sensor is processed as an example in the following by striking photocells, then converting it into electrical signals and finally converting it into digital signals.
- the digital signals can be used, for example, to calculate color measures, values, values for generating spectral curves, etc.
- Usable data is generated at every processing level downstream of the sensor.
- Time determination methods use only a previously created combination of color and water content determination in order to achieve a result, albeit a rather imprecise one At this point, it makes sense to use the as yet unpublished studies with nine different measuring devices and far more than 100,000 recorded and evaluated values of the patent applicant, on which the methods and inventions are based, among other things:
- the relationship between liquid content, color, spectral composition, the light reflected by the teeth and its beam path (changes) and the time factor within the fluid delivery and absorption chronology are produced and quantified. Teeth, however, also materials or substances dry, give off liquid or absorb liquid and change the color very characteristically.
- Color measures change their value over a longer period of time.
- the significance for the color measurement values and the liquid content in relation to the initial values of the liquid-saturated tooth is already present after one hour.
- the brightness behaves in a directional manner, all other color measures pick up the trends after 30 minutes.
- comparable but accelerated trends can be identified.
- the processes are reversible (water and / or liquid absorption and release).
- an average tooth weighs between 0.510g and 2.280g and an anterior tooth weighs 1.1277-1.1526g and has been recorded in the studies in values of l / 1000000g.
- the meaningful range is less than 1 / 10000g and over color measurement values is a range of less than 1/10000% by weight. Changes in moisture content can be recorded and differentiated.
- P pa dentin enamel flow theory (“Pulpa / Dental Nerve - Dentin - Dental Enamel - Flow - Theory”), “suction Capillary Effect Theory “(” Undertow - Capillary - Effect - Theory "),” Dental Dimaaus GmbHstheorie “(” Dental - climate - Balance - Theory "),” Liquid Color Effect Theory "(” Liquid - Color - Effect - Theory ”) in the still unpublished studies formulated and described, which among other things state that not only the surface of the tooth enamel dries, but also extends deep into the enamel, dentin and pulp and the tooth thereby reaches an equilibrium state between its mil ⁇ -otur or the climate of its "natural
- each measured value or each measured value combination and or spectral curve and or one or more of the values for describing a spectral curve can be a time of the drying period and / or the process of water absorption and / or release and / or liquid absorption and / or liquid discharge and / or one State change process and or a water content and / or a liquid content and or moisture degree and / or (color) state can be assigned.
- the light sensor has a spatial relationship and its design is coordinated.
- Color measuring devices therefore have a design-related coordination of light transmitter and sensor in the form of the device-specific measurement geometry.
- the measuring light of the instrument for making a measurement, reflected on curved surfaces, results in irregular beam paths, which are initially not compatible with the original technical concept of such color measuring devices: a beam that strikes a tangential surface that is not perpendicular to the tooth crown due to the tooth crown curvature Device axis lies, forms a larger angle of incidence and allows the angle of reflection to be the same size.
- the light emitted by the apparatus strikes a large number of tangential surfaces of the curved tooth surface within the same measuring surface and is reflected by it in the most varied of directions.
- the light no longer acts on the sensors in full intensity, but is lost in parts of non-detecting areas outside the sensory areas.
- there must be losses in brightness and the lighter and friendlier color components for example in relation to the visually perceived shade determination using tooth shade patterns used in dentistry, for example.
- the measurement results with color measuring devices on teeth have little or no common ground with the colors visually perceived, seen and determined by humans in contrast to the measurements and perceptions on a flat, homogeneous surface.
- the tooth is a highly inhomogeneous, highly structured, grown structure.
- the relatively high light permeability of the enamel is the result of the order in the form of a layered crystal structure, which causes the optical radiation to spread like a light guide. Tooth-typical shape and structural features form a reflection pattern.
- the composition of the dentin determines the shade and saturation.
- composition and the chemical composition of those parts etc. have a significant influence on the
- Liquid release and absorption is a change in the spectral light composition but also a tooth-specific and among other things.
- radiation processing bound to the individual grown and reflecting crystal prisms e.g. refraction, transmissinon, remission, reflection, etc.
- change in direction of the reflected rays e.g. refraction, transmissinon, remission, reflection, etc.
- the inventions and methods are based on one or more of the relationships, which have been proven, inter alia, by the abovementioned studies by the inventor and can be produced by the claimed methods and / or parts thereof, between the water content and / or fluid content and or condition of the tooth and / or of a material and the and / or the light and / or electromagnetic radiation reflected and / or transmitted by it and / or its and / or its spectral composition and or beam paths of the light and / or the electromagnetic radiation and / or its color (measured objectively and / or visually subjectively recorded) and / or inventions and methods are based on the change in the water content (water absorption and / or release) and / or liquid content (liquid absorption and / or release) and / or change in state and / or change in the detectable Data and / or changes in and / or that of the tooth and / or v on a material reflected and / or transmitted light and / or electromagnetic radiation and or its and / or its
- beam path is meant, for example, the direction of radiation and / or (eg spectral) parts thereof and / or radiation components and the pattern resulting therefrom. It is used in the creation of reference data on a tooth and / or object or several teeth and / or objects and / or in the application on the tooth to be examined (e.g.
- tooth of the dead whose time of death is to be determined, or the reconstruction of the tooth color of a drained patient tooth etc.) and / or "object” a relation between the water content of and / or fluid content of the and / or state of the tooth and / or "object” and the data obtained from and / or reflected from the tooth and / or object and / or transmitted light and / or other electromagnetic radiation and / or its and / or its spectral composition and / or its and or its beam path and / or the metric color measurement and or visually subjective color selection (e.g.
- color samples, color sample data), manufactured objects and / or teeth with a known fluid content and or water content and / or the objects and / or teeth with represent a certain liquid content and / or water content are recorded in one or more of the aforementioned data) and / or it is used in the creation of reference data on a tooth and / or
- Tooth and / or “object” a relation between the water content of and / or liquid content of the and / or state of the tooth and / or “object” and the data obtained from the light reflected and / or transmitted by the tooth and / or object and / or other electromagnetic radiation and / or its and / or its spectral composition and / or its and / or its beam path and / or the metric color measurement and / or visually subjective color selection (e.g. color samples, color sample data), produced with inclusion of the process-related time factor (e.g.
- one or more of the relationships and / or relations and / or connections used are used, for example, to determine the time of death and / or to determine a point in time and / or period and / or the liquid content and or water content and / or to measure the moisture and / or condition on the basis of a data acquisition (for example based on electromagnetic radiation and / or in particular on the light) and / or a water content and / or liquid content and / or conditions or the like at a certain other time and / or in determine a certain period of time (e.g.
- one or more of the relationships or correlations or relations of the reference data recorded can be used by means of a metric or metrologically objective and / or visual subjective recording using suitable instruments and / or liquid content and / or water content and / or a state via, for example, the Light (for example spectral composition and / or beam path etc.) and / or the color and / or color pattern and / or electromagnetic radiation (for example spectral composition and or beam path and / or intensities and / or pattern etc.) or the like are measured or recorded andor a state and / or liquid content and / or water content and or moisture is determined according to conventional or known methods (detection of the actual state).
- the Light for example spectral composition and / or beam path etc.
- the color and / or color pattern and / or electromagnetic radiation for example spectral composition and or beam path and / or intensities and / or pattern etc.
- Reference data can be recorded or determined. Depending on the use or later application, e.g. Reference data on the spectral composition and or the beam path of the light and on the liquid content are recorded and related if the purpose is to measure the liquid content using “Lichf” data. If, for example, a relationship of the "Lichf" data to the time factor is to be used, for example, to determine the time of death, it is sufficient if the reference data obtained from the light are combined with the time factor of the liquid absorption and / or liquid delivery process, etc.
- measurement of the water content and / or the liquid content and / or the moisture by means of a conventionally known method and / or measuring device will determine the time of death on the basis of the residual liquid quantity and / or a point in time and / or time interval and / or the water content and / or liquid content and / or state and prevailing at this can be determined / or reflected and / or transmitted light and / or other electromagnetic radiation and / or its and / or its spectral composition and / or its and / or its beam path and / or color (visually subjective and / or objective metric) or the like can be determined at a predetermined and / or specific point in time and / or in a predetermined and / or specific period.
- detection of the and / or the transmitted and / or reflected light and / or electromagnetic radiation and / or its and or or its spectral composition and / or its and / or its beam path and / or color (visually subjective and / or objective metric) a point in time and / or time interval and / or the water content and / or liquid content and / or the moisture and / or state and or the reflected and / or transmitted light and / or its spectral composition and / or its beam path and / or color (visually subjective and / or objective metric) or the like can be determined at a predetermined time and / or in a predetermined period.
- Process variants for creating reference data and / or for recording on a tooth and / or object that is to be evaluated accordingly can therefore also exclusively be the linked relationship between the process-related time factor and the data obtained from light and / or electromagnetic radiation and / or corresponding spectral composition and / or beam path and or the liquid content, recorded with one or more previously known or conventional methods for water content and / or liquid content and / or moisture measurement (for example thermogravimetric, gravimetric, radiomerrical moisture measurement, resistance moisture measurement, conductivity measurement principle, capacitive moisture measurement, CM method / Calcium carbide method, microwave moisture measurement, NIR spectroscopy, thermography, use of water activity, Gef ⁇ e ⁇ unkthabilit, equilibrium moisture measurement, Fischer titration, etc.), and / or by means of an appropriate instrument for detecting light and nd / or its spectral composition and / or its beam path and / or of electromagnetic radiation and / or its spectral composition and / or its beam path.
- One or more of the instruments that can be used are thus at least one, for example
- Light transmitter light receiver system with at least one light receiver and or possibly at least one light transmitter and or at least one camera and / or at least one sensor and / or at least one
- CCD Charge Coupled Devices
- ICCD Intensified Charge Coupled Devices
- EMCCD Electro Multiplaying Charge Coupled Devices
- CMOS detector camera, sensor, line, video camera, color camera, black and white or color ( image) camera, camera, image processing, image recording, NIR (nalrin infrared) camera (wave range 900-1700nm), IR (infrared) camera, CCM coordinate measuring machine, CAD-CAM system, photo detector, in moving or still images , UV light camera, spectrophotometer, color sensors, detectors, detectors, three-range measuring device, photocell, (fluorescence) spectroscope, microspectrometer, X-ray unit, CT, at least one imaging method, imaging instruments (flat microsensor arrangement) etc.
- the status of method claim 1 here is, for example, the liquid content and / or water content and / or the and / or the detected reflected and / or transmitted light and / or electromagnetic radiation and or its and or its spectral composition and / or its and / or its beam path and / or the color appearance, the color, the general appearance etc. or the like.
- one or more measures can be taken to change one or more of the influencing factors accordingly in order to achieve or produce the aforementioned simulation.
- the simulation is carried out to create the reference data (for example for a standard, norm value table, cure, the device, the computer, software, etc.) on at least one better but possible many samples (eg teeth, objects, materials, objects etc.) and or for the direct detection on the tooth to be examined and / or "object".
- Simulation or conditions or circumstances relating to the determination of the time of death relates to the type of
- Liquid with which the tooth is brought into contact or was e.g. saliva, food liquids, food components, means of killing, sea water, waste water etc.
- Liquid with which the tooth is brought into contact or was e.g. saliva, food liquids, food components, means of killing, sea water, waste water etc.
- Type of the surrounding environment gas, liquid, solids e.g. concrete, sand, earth, clay soil etc.
- tooth changes e.g. concrete, sand, earth, clay soil etc.
- air pressure e.g. altitude of the body
- Simulation or conditions or circumstances relating to substances relates to the type and / or temperature of the ambient environment and / or the substance or the substances involved and / or the air humidity and / or air pressure and / or the type of liquid and / or its consistency and / or provenance and / or the liquid content and / or water content and / or state of the initial state and / or the ambient environment and / or the concentration and or quantity of one or more substances involved and / or reactivity and / or the storage of the substance etc.
- the tooth should be in natural saliva from the same dead person from whom the tooth comes and from which the saliva can be obtained, for example at the point at which it collects and / or from one or several other dead and / or living and / or artificial or synthetic saliva and / or saliva-like substance.
- Artificial saliva can contain the same components in a comparable concentration as the natural or other components in other concentrations, which can also mimic the condition.
- Artificial saliva or art serum should come as close as possible to the average density of natural saliva of 1.01-1.02g / ml or at least be within the tolerance range, which can be determined, for example, depending on individual requirements, and at least 95-99% water, for example contain one of the following ingredients: 33 or 10-130mmol / l Na 2+ , 20-130mmol / l K + , 50mmol / l HC0 3 " , 34-80mmol / l Cl " , Ca z + , or calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate, Potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride 0.05- l, 22g / l 000ml, magnesium pyrophosphate, potassium monohydrogen (-di) phosphate sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, cholesterol mucine, pH5.5-6.6 or 7.7 macromolecules, esterases peroxidases, glycoproteins , Mucopolysaccharides, lysozymes, peroxidase
- ⁇ -amylase Q? Tyalin proteins (mucins, enzymes, growth factors, immunoglobulins) also urea, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (- Na), Polyethylene oxide sorbitol, xylitol, linseed oil, ethanols etc., etc. It would be necessary to demand that the saliva come as close as possible to the consistency that is to be determined for the dead man's saliva at the time of his death.
- composition or substance counting is exemplary, illustrative or exemplary, and of course other compositions in terms of material and / or concentration or other substances are also expedient and thus also fall under the protection of this patent application or with the aid of which the processes can also be carried out according to the claims and should also fall under the protection of this application.
- a diagnosis should be made at the place where the body is found, and the position of the body and especially the head gives us information about where the saliva naturally had accumulated due to gravity.
- the dead man's saliva can be obtained to store the tooth in it.
- medication e.g. alpha and beta blockers, antidepressants,
- the tooth that is most suitable for this task should be selected for the determination of the time of death.
- a hierarchy of teeth and tooth surfaces that can be used to determine the time of death can be established. In general, it can be said that the determination of the time of death can basically be carried out on each of the existing teeth and on each tooth surface. Nevertheless, the tooth or teeth that are further away from the openings of the salivary gland ducts should preferably be used first.
- vestibular surfaces front surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth, followed by the palatal (palate-side) surfaces of the maxillary posterior teeth, the palatal surfaces (palate surfaces) of the maxillary anterior teeth, the vestibular surfaces (sides facing the lip or cheek) of the posterior teeth and the lingual ( surfaces of the lower jaw teeth facing the tongue.
- Occlusal surfaces occlusal surfaces
- incisal edges chewing edges
- surfaces to the neighboring tooth can also be used.
- the teeth should be avoided at first, which - depending on the position of the head - are located at the lowest point where the saliva collects following gravity, and those teeth, the further away this point, the more preferred.
- the first time that the body is found the ambient temperature should be measured and recorded.
- the place of discovery should also be examined to see whether and to what extent this temperature has remained constant or has changed or could have changed over the period of the corpse's lying time or time of death:
- Such temperature (s) and / or temperature fluctuations should be incorporated and / or taken into account in order to create reference data and / or determine the time of death on the tooth of the dead.
- the tooth can be left in situ in the mouth of the body and can be used with the head and / or skull and / or parts thereof and or the entire body to determine the time of death.
- the tooth's liquid must be stored in a liquid container (solid or flexible, made of e.g. plastic, plastic, silicone, etc.), which is / and which is adapted to the tooth or mouth structure or jaw by means of a connecting element (e.g. rubber membrane, hardening mass etc.), and / or the body and / or the head and or the skull with the tooth or teeth is placed in liquid and / or liquid is added to the tooth, for example by wetting it with liquid and or coating it with a liquid-bearing matrix.
- a liquid container solid or flexible, made of e.g. plastic, plastic, silicone, etc.
- a connecting element e.g. rubber membrane, hardening mass etc.
- the tooth is stored in vitro, i.e. outside the body, according to a further method variant, whereby the body situation can be modeled by the root of the tooth in one in accordance with the natural conditions (most of the root is air-free and surrounded by bones and the tooth holder) Fixing compound embedded and / or separated from the surrounding environment by means of an insulating layer (for example based on adhesive, alginate, polyether, silicone, preferably addition-crosslinking silicones or polyethers, etc.) and the tooth crown is left at least at the point of measurement, better but completely free and / or the oral environment and / or the mouth-head situation is simulated by realizing the head and / or mouth and / or background of the mouth and throat and / or the face and / or parts thereof, for example in the form of a dummy, and / or also the color and / or geometric and / or structure-related design m should be as close to nature as possible or similar to nature and / or oral environment is simulated by heating the d
- the structure around the roots of the tooth can also be reproduced in a further process variant, preferably via artificial bones or synthetic bones and / or natural bones (from the same body and / or from other dead and / or from living ones Living beings such as humans or animals and / or masses, which can recreate the bone structure and its composition (e.g. apatite, crystals etc.), whereby this should preferably resemble natural bone (cancellous and / or cortical) and / or this is naturally present, e.g.
- the dead man's bone or jawbone whose time of death is to be determined, is used, there are two options: either the tooth is removed from the bone and placed in liquid (according to the method ear step from claim 1 and or 2) or the tooth is left in the jaw and the tooth is with the jaw and / or head and / or skull and or the dead and / or parts thereof in the liquid and or only the tooth stuck in the jaw contacted with liquid.
- a patented process variant for determining the time of death on teeth is thus based, for example, on the
- Teeth which are exposed to atmospheric air, dry, become lighter and change very characteristically and directed over long-term
- the light striking the sensors is converted into data and / or values that describe a trend. This process is diametrically related to the values and / or data relating to the fluid intake of the tooth.
- the methods can be carried out with color measuring apparatus (s) (e.g. spectrophotometer, three-range measuring device, etc.) with the appropriate measurement geometry, however, the data acquisition with the described light transmitter / light receiver system and / or transmitter / receiver system for corresponding electromagnetic radiation may also include the beam path for data acquisition, more precisely.
- color measuring apparatus e.g. spectrophotometer, three-range measuring device, etc.
- the data acquisition with the described light transmitter / light receiver system and / or transmitter / receiver system for corresponding electromagnetic radiation may also include the beam path for data acquisition, more precisely.
- a transmitter sensor for electromagnetic radiation and or in particular light
- corresponding data processing in which the arrangement relation is kept constant at least for the process of, for example, determining the time of death on a tooth to be assessed. Changes in, for example, light refraction, reflectance, transmission and reflection, etc., with the liquid delivery and / or absorption or the beam path can also be recorded. If a plurality of light transmitters and / or a plurality of sensors are integrated into this fixed relation, information can be obtained via the downstream processing, which information was also achieved within a variant according to the invention.
- the topographical location of that and / or its type provides information, in particular about the direction of the strain and its change associated with fluid delivery or absorption, which one alone and / or with the spectral change for data acquisition can be used. Only light that hits the sensor can be detected, for example, in the intensity and / or the spectral composition. It is also conceivable and as a further solution variant, the radiation or its beam path in addition to the topographical location also or exclusively via sensors or image acquisition or the like, which is not due to the main intensity of the beam is hit, but are sensors and / or detectors capable of doing this, which tend to be perpendicular to the beam path, the beam path or, for example, by detecting the beam path
- restricted light spectra and / or a restricted light spectrum and / or even of monochromatic light and / or laser light as further variants according to the invention can thus be influenced by the spectral composition and / or radiation patterns and / or by their change
- Fluid delivery or ingestion of the tooth or material information can be obtained. What has been said applies to corresponding, sophisticated variants also to other electromagnetic radiation. At this
- every spectral section and / or area of the light area can also be used.
- the arrangement of the light transmitter-light receiver system and the downstream processing can be carried out according to the invention within e.g. one device and / or an apparatus and / or units or several devices and / or apparatus or units etc.
- % By weight,% by volume, g, mg / 1 ml / g, rel.F%,% rh, mg / g, ppm, ppb etc.) and / or intensities and / or electrical and / or electronic-based values and or one or more values to describe a spectral curve and or one or more values of the color measurement values of one and / or several of the many hundreds of known color measurement systems (e.g. CIELAB, CIELCH 1976, CDE94 of the Commission Internationale de Y-Eclairage, Munsell, Hunter-Lab, DIN, RGB, NCS etc. oa) and or a future newly developed system and / or samples, comparative samples and / or data and / or names thereof etc.
- known color measurement systems e.g. CIELAB, CIELCH 1976, CDE94 of the Commission Internationale de Y-Eclairage, Munsell, Hunter-Lab, DIN, RGB, NCS etc. oa
- comparison data reference data
- measurement conditions e.g. standard observation angle, standard light, fluorescent light, light etc. etc.
- a measurement of one tooth or several teeth for the purpose of generating reference data should be possible for the and / or the apparatus and / or system used for the reasons already mentioned, depending on the results of the dependency of the results on, for example, the apparatus, measurement geometry, standard observation angle, standard light and manufacturer, etc. be carried out individually with the same and / or the same.
- a patented method example for creating reference data of a tooth and / or material and / or object and / or samples would be the acquisition of the data (liquid content and or water content and or on light and or electromagnetic radiation and or beam path and / or spectral
- composition-based data and / or visual and / or metrologically recorded color and / or samples (e.g. color samples, comparative samples or the like) along a drying or liquid dispensing process or can also be carried out according to the invention via the liquid absorption of dry or drier teeth and / or
- the data and / or samples can thus be assigned the time of their acquisition within the selected process.
- the patented methods are not, for example, due to the time frame of the acquisition procedure, in the chronological order, the intervals and their temporal scope as well as the number of acquisitions and teeth and or materials and / or objects etc., the type and scope of the data and data acquisition and the process and so on.
- the e.g. data recorded in this way (or reference data) and / or value series and / or curves etc. etc. can be assigned to a first evaluation when the tooth and / or object is currently recorded in data.
- the data and / or samples e.g.
- comparison samples, samples, etc.) or the value heights from current recordings enable e.g. in comparison via a standard curve and / or via a calculation program and / or via data processing or the like with the reference data and or the samples (date) n etc. an assessment of the time of death.
- the time factor and / or values and / or data obtained from and / or the light and / or electromagnetic radiation and or spectral composition reflected and / or transmitted by the tooth and / or teeth and / or object and or beam path and / or conventional liquid measurement method and / or water content measurement method and or visual pattern determination can be done for example via value tables, curves, comparison data, in paper form, directly in a central or decentralized processing and / or accounting unit, in the Measuring apparatus which, for example, immediately calculates the time factor and / or the water content and / or liquid content etc. etc. happen.
- Recorded data can e.g.
- the time of death and / or the fluid content and / or water content and / or condition and or a point in time and / or period at which a water content and / or fluid content and or condition prevails and / or given data would be measurable and / or a water content Determine or determine t and / or fluid content and / or a condition that prevails at another time etc.
- Such an instrument can use the data collected by him to determine the time of death in a sophisticated variant, for example, by comparison or using a program and / or computer with the process-related reference data.
- the forensic doctor with such an instrument collects data directly at the scene of the crime or at the place where the body is found on one or more of the dead man's teeth or determines the time of death directly via the instrument or in combination with a computer. If influencing factors are included in the evaluation, e.g. this is done via entries in this computer program.
- the instrument can e.g. Specify the time of death directly (e.g. display, printout, etc.).
- the computer program works with
- the tooth or teeth be either in a breathable and / or ventilated or air-accessible (e.g. air holes, microporous material or the like) packaging or such packaging with a Outer packaging, whereby there should be a space between the two, which should preferably be checked for temperature and / or humidity, where the tooth dries further and the time of the first data collection at the institute is used as the basis for calculating the time of death.
- a breathable and / or ventilated or air-accessible packaging e.g. air holes, microporous material or the like
- the tooth is separated from the surrounding environment (e.g.
- an insulating agent e.g. based on alginate, silicone, polyether, adhesive, etc.
- the tooth is embedded in an almost moisture-impermeable mass (e.g. alginate, silicone, Polyether etc.) or surround eg with a material or a film (e.g. plastic, plastic, etc.) or impregnation, whereby the time the teeth are separated from the surrounding environment through their packaging is defined and recorded as the time of the first postmortem measurement or is used as the basis for calculating the time of death, regardless of whether this took place at the time of packaging or not and eg only in the institute.
- an insulating agent e.g. based on alginate, silicone, polyether, adhesive, etc.
- an almost moisture-impermeable mass e.g. alginate, silicone, Polyether etc.
- a material or a film e.g. plastic, plastic, etc.
- Reference data can have arisen on teeth from living (living and or dead teeth, extracted and / or in situ) and / or from dying and or dead.
- the procedures can also be the basis for dental use. Drying in dentistry is usually done relatively with cotton rolls or absolutely over rubber dam, a rubber membrane, which separates teeth from the oral environment and so the tooth to be processed is kept dry.
- a data pool for example, created on teeth in vitro or in vivo, enables the reconstruction of points in time after drying, but also or only of tooth shades predominant to them, that is, the reconstruction of the natural shade of the tooth carrying the liquid before the start of treatment.
- a use in the dental field would therefore be the determination of the tooth shade via a current recording even after the tooth has been drained with subsequent reconstruction of the tooth shade and thus the answer to the question: Which tooth shade has the drained tooth in the patient's mouth in the liquid-carrying natural state or to an x- any other time?
- the dentist can also reconstruct the color state that the tooth naturally has in the patient's mouth from colors or correspondingly metrically from data of the dried tooth or from dried teeth (reference data) with knowledge of the drying time.
- One or more recordable data values could also be used to formulate up to which point none and from which point, for example, a treatment-related drying-related pulp-damaging (nerve-damaging) effect is achieved, so that during the treatment the dentist is now able to accompany the drying process during the treatment and to stop the treatment or add liquid to the tooth before reaching pulp damage.
- the device according to the requirements enables an increase in precision, in particular of the methods according to the claims, and can be used in one or more of these.
- the (measuring) apparatus is held in relation to one another at least in two dimensions (in particular for contact measurements) or three dimensions (in particular for non-contact measurements) by means of a rigid stand or holding system system on the measuring table.
- the measuring table is provided with an auxiliary device for attaching a fixing material or contains this or forms a fixed connection, for example to the auxiliary device, for example relief, frame, etc., for example by means of gluing, screwing, etc.
- the apparatus and tripod or mounting system are combined or, for example, by screwing , Plug etc. can be attached to each other and / or detached from each other again.
- the tripod system in turn is attached and / or attachable to, for example, the measuring system and / or apparatus and or light transmitter sensor system etc. or forms a unit.
- This auxiliary device contains, for example, a relief and / or negative depressions or positively projecting portions, etc.
- a frame would also be conceivable here, which can accommodate the fixing compound.
- the auxiliary device is characterized in that a fixing material, inserted into it, pressed onto it, assumes a fixed relation to the measuring table, cannot be moved, but can also be attached again exactly at the same place in the sense of a key lock system.
- the fixing material must therefore first be liquid to viscous and should, for example, become soft or elastic better but firm to / or hard over time, for example by reaction and / or setting.
- the auxiliary device eg the relief or in the frame etc.
- the object becomes a patrix, the fixing compound at this point a matrix.
- auxiliary device relievef, protrusion, frame, etc.
- Objects as positives leave a negative impression or positive impression in the fixing compound and thus also form a matrix-male system in the sense of a key-lock principle
- the object to be detected e.g. another application o.a. between two acquisition processes
- the fixation block the exact apparatus-object relation can be found in a variant that meets the requirements. Separations in all areas between the measuring apparatus and the object to be examined would also be conceivable, as long as the fixed apparatus-object relation or detection situation can be realized, for example, using attachments, male-female matrix systems, screwing in connection with groove, etc.
- the tooth removed from the dead and / or any material and / or object or a portion thereof can be inserted into this fixing mass.
- the fixing compound with the auxiliary device for example relief, frame or the like
- the object and / or the tooth and / or material with the fixing compound likewise form a positive-negative situation which works according to the key-lock principle. If the fixing compound has set and or has become elastic to firm, it is possible to remove the object and / or the tooth from the fixing compound and / or the fixing compound from the auxiliary device if necessary and to reset them to the exact same position if necessary , This can be necessary, for example, for a liquid storage of the tooth and / or material mentioned later.
- the measuring apparatus-object relation measured in the non-contact mode, requires the device to be immobile in all three dimensions, for contact mode measurements only in two dimensions to maintain this relation.
- the apparatus is to be moved to the object in the contact measurement mode, for example via precision rails, attachments, plug systems according to the key and lock system, etc.
- the tripod system makes it possible for the measuring apparatus to work in contact mode, this guided or to be directed towards the tooth or the object, for example, via attachments, hinges, patrix matrix systems, etc. or the like.
- a liquid-carrying system for example a container
- it would be necessary to at least fix the body to the head for example as in CT Record and / or better as in the tumor or Radiation therapy, the head being screwed in and / or being fixed to the head and / or cranial bones by means of fixation apparatus.
- This fixation device must also be fixed and / or fixable (repositionable) and / or form a unit with it, for example on the table on which the body lies.
- the shape of one or more of the teeth and / or measuring surfaces and / or the head and / or body for example lasers, cameras, for example also from different directions, strip light topometry, CT X-ray, etc.
- the mapping of the surface and / or the measuring surface of one or more of the apparatuses and / or the instruments or one of the detecting parts thereof via a computer program and / or a search system and / or detection system and / or repositioning option, for example Robotic arm, rails, attachments etc.
- Topographies in connection with the image information and / or the measurement data from corresponding sophisticated apparatus or instruments allow the data to be reconstructed in relation to the position of the head and / or body and thus the position of, for example, the tooth to be assessed or the measurement surface, in particular using a neural one Network too.
- the measuring surface and / or the measuring spot can also be chosen freely.
- the measuring instrument and / or the measuring apparatus should be able to be fastened (repositionable) and / or fastened to the fixation apparatus and or form a unit with it.
- a fixation for the acquisition of data with e.g. a sensor, detector, color measurement apparatus, transmitter-receiver system for electromagnetic radiation, light transmitter and / light receiver system and / or a camera and / or image recording and / or processing system etc. is not necessary.
- a fixation of the object or tooth in relation to the instrument increases the accuracy of the results and measurements and the differentiability of the data and can be carried out depending on the requirements and desired accuracy.
- several recordings by means of, for example, a camera and or image recording, etc.
- a first post-mortem recording takes place after the occurrence of the above-mentioned data and / or samples and / or a part thereof and the registration of the when data (for example the time, day, year, etc.) of this first data recording and or sample recording post mortem as part of the forensic medical procedure.
- This first postmortem data acquisition and / or sample acquisition can take the form of a one-time acquisition or multiple acquisition (eg data series, sample series) etc.) over a period of time. The latter option includes an additional one
- the tooth is in liquid (e.g. water, better saliva-like substance,
- this simulated state should also be recorded in data or samples.
- This data and / or the difference between these data and / or pattern and the data and / or pattern of the first postmortem recording, compared with the comparison data or reference data and / or reference patterns, also enables information about the time of death according to the variant of claim 2.
- This process of fluid intake can take 2-3 weeks and should be carried out at least as long as recommended and / or if possible monitored in data development and / or pattern development.
- the fluid storage can also take place over a shorter period of time.
- the liquid-carrying tooth has a reflected light spectrum that is characteristic of this state during the lifetime of its wearer, and generates characteristic beam paths and corresponding data or values. This changes when death occurs.
- the beginning of this phenomenon also takes place with the removal of the tooth from the liquid and the process of 4 changes, for example the spectral light composition, composition of electromagnetic rays and / or the beam path etc. and the associated data change after the onset of death can also be modeled or dried by drying the tooth to be understood.
- At least one acquisition is recommended, however, several acquisitions of the data and / or visual sample determinations are carried out along the drying process until they are obtained or approximated to the data and / or samples of the first acquisition on the tooth of the dead according to method 1.
- this comprehensible drying is air drying and if this has been carried out under comparable conditions (e.g. ambient temperature, humidity, etc.) as the conditions that affected the tooth after death until the first recording, then the time from the data recording and / or sample determination of the Tooth in the fluid-saturated state until reaching or tolerable approximation to the data and / or pattern of the first recording after death occurred in accordance with the time from death until the first postmortem recording and / or determination after death.
- comparable conditions e.g. ambient temperature, humidity, etc.
- Reference data works and or reference sample works e.g. computer program, internal metering,
- Reference objects about different temperatures recorded in the data and / or via patterns provide reference data for different or different post-mortem situations based on temperatures.
- Reference data collected under simulation e.g. the air humidity of the oral environment and / or ambient air and / or the body temperature and / or its change and / or the air pressure and or fluid content of the tooth and / or an object and / or the surrounding structures and / or the consistency and / or composition of the fluid or . of the saliva and / or its river, which dries up on death, etc., likewise result in a reference data set that has been created and / or usable according to the claims.
- the measurable, relevant drying phase begins immediately. This drying period extends over well over two weeks at room temperature. The determination of the hour of death within this period is considered possible and the time of death determinations within the first drying days can be far more precise than this.
- weight, fluid content, weight%, vol.%, G, ml / g etc. can be created in advance on sample teeth and a death time statement can be made by the first measurement after death and / or with the data of the fluid-saturated state: Using the reference data previously collected on other teeth in relation to the time of the drying and / or liquid absorption process (eg standard values, computer program, etc.), the time of death can be determined in accordance with claim 2. However, it is only a replication or reconstruction of the postmortem time, according to claim 1, that allows a highly precise time calculation: 1. first postmortem recording / s after death, 2. liquid storage of the tooth, 3.
- the elapsed, reproduced drying time or liquid delivery time from the liquid-saturated state of the tooth to the state in which the values or data come close to or are the same as those which were recorded for the first recording after the onset of death, corresponds to the time or the period from the onset of death to the first registration after death has passed. From the time of the first data collection this elapsed time in the past results in the time of death.
- a determination of the time of death based on (tooth) color samples such as those used for color determination and
- Coordinating dentures with natural teeth in dental practice is another variant that has been claimed and has already been described (e.g. using reference patterns and / or corresponding data and / or tracing the postmortem phase with appropriate provisions).
- the bright colors of the dentin layers are not so noticeable, the brightness (enamel) comes to the fore, the characteristic color (dentin) moves less and less saturated into the background.
- the situation is very different with color detection, for example with color measurement devices.
- the reflected evaluation light which strikes the sensors of the measuring apparatus, contains significantly larger information from inside the tooth than a human viewer is able to achieve ("stratification phenomenon").
- a directional behavior in the color development can also be seen here in the visual subjective pattern determination.
- a pool is created here from comparison samples or from the data describing the samples, which the time factor, for example, from times after death and / or within the water intake and / or water release chronology and / or liquid intake and / or liquid release chronology and / or change of state, etc., to which the patterns come close in color to, or can be assigned to, the teeth (or the corresponding tooth) in the corresponding state.
- the assignment takes place via already existing (shade) samples or via samples which are modeled on or produced for the (tooth shade) conditions of corresponding times or time ranges.
- first postmortem visual sample determination (s) (1 .) Fluid storage of the tooth (2.), one or more sample determination (s) and subjecting the tooth to a drying period with accompanying or accompanying sample determination (s) (3.) can be determined with high precision.
- the samples do not have to be linked to the time factor in advance, but can also be assigned to this time factor in the current death-time diagnosis.
- the pattern or pattern data selected or determined in, for example, the first postmortem visual determination and / or visual determinations on the liquid-saturated tooth, compared with time-assigned patterns (reference samples, comparison sample or data pools), and / or tooth space and / or pattern-specific and / or tooth shade space-specific data or assigned to them
- Times allow an assessment of the time of death according to a method variant of method 2. This is also made possible by the difference between the patterns from the visual color-based first determination after the onset of death and those visually determined on the tooth that is saturated or carrying liquid.
- the difference is / are, for example, in the form of a model or
- Tooth color rough pattern descriptive dates, times or information contents also in relation to the selected patterns. If one compares the first visual sample selection and or the difference between this and the sample selection on the liquid-saturated tooth with the comparison sample or with the data or time data associated with these selected samples, a rough assessment of the period of death is also possible
- the selected pattern approaches after a certain time of the liquid delivery process, before and also during the liquid delivery of the tooth, at least one better several patterns are visually selected and assigned to the determination time within this process, the pattern or a pattern from the same tooth color space selected for the first visual one Detection after the onset of death, in color on (tolerance range) or if the same pattern has been selected, the time that the liquid delivery process took around the liquid-saturated tooth (pattern or tooth color space pattern before the liquid delivery process corresponds to or comes close to the natural tooth color of the living) in this color state ( The sample after the liquid or part has been dispensed corresponds to the tooth shade of the dead person at the time of the first determination and at the time after the corresponding extra-oral replication of the liquid) after the elapsed time from the time of death until the first determination after death. If this time is calculated back from the time it was first recorded, the time of death is determined. If the liquid delivery is accelerated or increased under other conditions via an increased temperature, a correction factor or reference data sets,
- the (tooth) color samples of the color palettes currently on the market are not sufficient to fully describe the color changes.
- the arrangement of the color samples would be meaningfully described within a (tooth) color space.
- a tooth color space created and implemented for natural teeth of a living person is described by N. Hall (EP 0591 958 AI).
- a patented variant uses these basics and supplements the tooth color space of living individuals, which is severely limited in relation to the tooth color space of living and dead individuals, to include these enormous tooth-colored areas of teeth whose individuals are beyond life. Strictly speaking, every time has Occurrence of death or any point in time after draining or drying the tooth or an object has its own (tooth) color space, which must be created according to the equipment, measurement geometry, standard observation angle and standard light. A design of the (tooth) shade samples according to (-) tooth shade spaces, which the
- Points in time or periods of the liquid delivery and / or absorption process are assigned (state and / or (death) time-associated and / or lay time-associated (tooth) color spaces) is also realized according to the claims.
- the color acquisition for creating the samples and / or the (tooth) color spaces is carried out metrically and / or visually.
- Each (tooth) color space consisting of the most frequently occurring teeth at this time, can be assigned to a time of the liquid delivery and / or liquid absorption process and / or of changes in state or can be assigned to this. With increasing time of the liquid delivery, this (tooth) color space expands and is moved to lighter regions.
- (Tooth) shade samples or corresponding arrangements or entire color ring pallets are to be expanded in all directions, for example of the color space.
- this color ring palette can be visually subjective as well as metrologically by comparison using aids, e.g. Photos, camera, image processing, color measurement equipment, etc. can be created with natural teeth.
- Each color sample or group of color samples e.g.
- the time or condition-specific (tooth) color space of the (tooth) color ring palette is assigned or can be assigned a corresponding point in time (period) and / or fluid content, which is derived, for example, from the analysis of natural teeth or objects and / or analyzes of one Drying process or water and / or liquid delivery process and / or water and / or liquid absorption process continuous teeth and or objects at defined times.
- the expansion of the color samples should take place on naturally occurring colorings and on possible colorings of natural teeth and / or objects in accordance with different times of the liquid delivery and / or absorption behavior and / or different liquid contents.
- the connection of the time factor and or conditions with the coloring within one and the same color sample is also in accordance with the patent.
- a substance-specific "calibration" of the comparison samples or samples for substances with a known, for example, water, liquid content, condition, etc. without detection within a process is also and / or the use of these visually and / or metrically "calibrated" samples or samples for one or more purposes according to a variant of method 2.
- a further variant in accordance with the patent uses the hitherto usual color rings in the case of a linear sample arrangement and supplements them along the linear and or vertical arrangement.
- the optically effective and already mentioned “stratification phenomenon”, which arises through and with increasing drying time and in which the enamel layer overlays like a light veil over the dentin and its coloring can take a back seat, can also be implemented within the pattern according to the patent , by imitating and emulating this effect also in the color samples, for example via material composition and / or material layering and / or painting, etc.
- the patented design of the (tooth) color palette is, for example, not tied to a specific form of the color sample, and there is still no patent Restriction with regard to the arrangement and the material of the samples, sample size, sample quantity, scope, etc.
- the invention is not defined whether the samples are isolated, physically independent of one another or from, for example, the supporting pallet, or firmly against one another or on a carrier unit ( e.g. pallet, package etc.) are bound or how they are kept. It is also not restrictive whether and in what form the patterns are held on the pallet or against one another or can be removed from it.
- An example of a storage cassette for such samples is characterized according to claims that they have an order, for example in the form of time-related
- color space pattern (partial) pallets on which are kept stable according to the order in storage This can be made possible, for example, by means of push-button systems, male-female systems, Velcro fastenings, attachments, etc.
- Color sample communities are or can be assigned to the corresponding points in time and / or the corresponding time within this process (eg water, liquid absorption, release, change of state, etc.).
- a variant according to the claims is a process-related material or material-specific state and / or a time describing the process is or can be assigned.
- the method for using color samples uses the determined sample data (reference data, obtained visually) or samples (reference sample / samples) for information gain through a current visual sample determination, in which the sample should subjectively come close in color to the material or material to be assessed.
- the patterns are associated with the process times or periods and / or the process-related substance or material states to which this coloration was predominant.
- a metric analysis of this newly created range of color samples or conventional (tooth) color samples or of materials of the same name or of the same color metrically via the apparatus allows comparisons to be made. This makes data comparable.
- the apparatus e.g. color measurement apparatus, light transmitter-light receiver system etc.
- the cortex is to describe the difference between visual sensory selection and objective measurement or to determine correction factors for everyone Determine color measured value individually. Measured values and visual determinations can be compared via the description of the samples in data or value form.
- Measured values are convertible and codable in the name, identifier and / or information content of the color samples and these in measurement data, for example color measures, data or the like.
- a tooth that has undergone a liquid delivery process for example, from its liquid-saturated state to its air-dry state, for example, up to its equilibrium weight or part of this process and / or the opposite process or partial process, and / or, for example, in its spectral composition of that falling on the sensors
- Light or electromagnetic radiation and / or in its beam paths and / or by means of patterns etc. can be accompanied metrically on the basis of the measured data and / or certain patterns, it goes through the same process or sub-process again and is evaluated metrically and or visually using the same instrument and or the same patterns and conditions are identified.
- the data and or patterns of the process repetition or the data and / or patterns approach the data and or patterns of the old acquisition at the appropriate time or at the appropriate times, it can be assumed that it is the same tooth, a tooth of the same individual or is the same individual who wears or wore this tooth or the examining teeth.
- the internal and external tooth structure is so individual that the directed development of the data is just as unique as the tooth itself. At most teeth of the same
- Canines, premolars or molars have major disagreements in those recorded in data
- data is collected (reference data and or reference patterns) (e.g.
- this can be carried out along and / or opposite to a process (e.g.
- the state and / or liquid content and / or water content should be related to previously known conventional methods or apparatuses known to date are brought with the data and or patterns, recorded on the basis of the or the reflected and or transmitted light and or electromagnetic radiation and / or the metrically and / or visually recorded color.
- the detection of the relationship between one or more of the states that a material can take, using previously known conventional state-detecting methods or apparatus with the data (and / or pattern), recorded on the basis of the or the reflected and / or transmitted light and / or electromagnetic radiation and or the metrically and / or visually recorded color is not bound to a process according to a further method variant, but can also be carried out on one or more samples known in the state without having to go through a process.
- thermogravimetry destructive conventional liquid content detection methods
- one or more samples can also be recorded, it being useful to dry these samples for different lengths and / or dry samples for different lengths to be stored in liquid or to be supplied with liquid and or to be placed in different liquid content states in order to subject them to measurements.
- a measured substance at least one, but desirable several, as many different as possible or a whole series of liquid content or moisture content data are assigned to the data.
- a current acquisition of data (for example based on light, electromagnetic radiation etc.) (and / or pattern) on the “object” to be examined can therefore be based on the and / or the reflected and / or transmitted light and / or electromagnetic radiation and or the metric and / or visual color detection, a state and / or water and / or liquid content and / or moisture of a substance on this database (and / or sample basis) measured and / or determined and / or a time of another predetermined state and / or a state to a predetermined
- a measurement or detection of this light and / or other electromagnetic radiation and use of the data usable from it can now determine the liquid or moisture content of the substance and / or material and / or object.
- the liquid or moisture content can be measured or determined solely on the basis of colorimetric detection or light reflection and / or light transmission detection and / or reflected and / or transmitted other electromagnetic radiation and the data resulting therefrom.
- comparison samples are created and / or assigned, which come close in color visually or colorimetrically to the substance and / or material and / or object in a state of a certain and or recorded liquid content and / or moisture content and / or water content
- this comparison sample is representative of this liquid content and / or moisture content and / or water content, which can now be determined using this pattern.
- a possible procedure is described below by way of example: A liquid-saturated substance and / or material and or object is visually or colorimetrically assigned a comparison pattern which is available or has to be created.
- the substance in the form of a sample or several samples is subjected to drying, during the drying the water and / or liquid contents and / or moisture are recorded in accordance with conventional methods and a comparison pattern is assigned colorimetrically or visually.
- a dry substance can again absorb water and / or liquid by storing water and / or liquid, in this recording by measuring the liquid content and / or moisture and / or water content and the determination or assignment or creation be accompanied by comparative samples.
- one or more, as many as possible, assignments of color sample samples to the liquid contents can be achieved.
- the liquid content and or moisture content can now be determined solely on the basis of the ) determine samples.
- a liquid content and / or moisture and / or water content or the material carrying a specific liquid content and / or moisture and or water content can now be assigned to each pattern. This makes it possible to determine the liquid content on the basis of comparative samples which, in order to determine the liquid content, have to come close to the color of the substances of a certain liquid content.
- the location-independent liquid measurement usually takes no longer than one second, depending on the device, and is therefore advantageous from a time-economical point of view. Advantages of this
- the methods are non-destructive, non-destructive moisture, water and liquid content measurement using portable measuring instruments, the accuracy and accuracy (depending on the requirements and the instrument used and the effort well below +/- 0.01%) of the results, and simple handling (one push of a button is sufficient) and the result can, for example, be read off and / or compared with a standard diagram and / or calculated or the like).
- a light transmitter / light receiver system which can also detect the beam path, it is advantageous that for each tooth and / or substance and / or each sample and its characteristics can be selected individually, whether only the composition of the spectrum and / or the detected intensities and / or the beam path can or should be used.
- Measurements, control, monitoring even from a distance e.g. camera, image acquisition, laser, etc.
- a distance e.g. camera, image acquisition, laser, etc.
- Forecasts and / or reconstructions e.g. when a corresponding process state has been reached or has been achieved or how the color and material state or the material situation will be or was at a certain point in time and / or which data and / or effects prevail here to achieve according to the patent.
- Reconstructions and / or determinations of times and / or material conditions are also possible according to the patent. Planning in terms of time but also material is possible.
- Processes can be accelerated, for example by means of more concentrated reactants, exposure to heat, catalysts or the like, and this process can be quantified. Time estimates are possible. Process planning, process monitoring and / or control and / or ascertainment of the current state and prognoses or reconstructions of times, color states, states of the liquid content, other material states also in relation to time etc. are made possible according to the patent. Examples are the liquid absorption or release of materials. Metric or visual recordings) can also be used to reconstruct the color or liquid content of other times of the liquid absorption or dispensing process from colors or correspondingly metrically from data of the dried object with knowledge of the drying time, e.g. also the state before dental draining (dental color reconstruction).
- Dead body lay time determination based on, for example, bleaching and / or fluid intake and or drying processes and / or other changes in condition instead of teeth based on clothing and / or skin and / or hair and / or bones and / or clothing or the like according to method 1 and / or 2 and / or one or more of the methods also take place according to the claims.
- Control, monitoring and planning of tooth bleaching processes for example how long it must be bleached in order to achieve a corresponding desired result, must be made possible.
- the bleaching process in the paper industry can also be planned, controlled, etc.
- blackening of X-ray indicators (film detectors) by X-rays to determine the radiation dose and the time for example the medical
- Personnel or personnel of nuclear power plants may still be in the vicinity of radiation in order not to exceed the corresponding limit values of the annual dose, extent e.g. the patina development on metals to determine the age of the object in archeology, changes due to heat treatment, chemical
- the degree of ripeness of fruit and vegetables and their assessment according to the storage conditions for example how long they last or when they have reached the appropriate ripeness (e.g. determining the ripening time of the current state, planning, etc.).
- changes in concentration can be predicted over time or concentration states can also be reconstructed in relation to time, e.g. about the capture.
- planning and forecasts are also possible here.
- a sophisticated color range is characterized in that the liquid samples or a community of color samples can be assigned or assigned corresponding liquid contents or degrees of moisture specific to the substance and / or other forms of condition (e.g.
- patterns can be created or assigned to them, in order to determine the state of the material material object or more thereof solely via the patterns.
- the assignment of the state to the data described or the color samples to a reference data or sample database or sample data or sample pool implies parallel acquisition by means of at least one conventional acquisition method and at least one data acquisition by means of sophisticated instruments and or methods.
- a sophisticated color pattern palette is characterized in that the patterns are assigned codes for the corresponding state, for example, in which the colors of the pattern and the fabric visually match or come close to one another, or data and / or information describing the corresponding state, etc., are assigned to this pattern.
- a possible light transmitter light receiver (sensor) system suitable for one or more of the methods is characterized by: at least one or more light transmitters and one or more light receivers and / or sensors and / or detectors.
- the downstream data processing which includes the topographical location of the light emitter and / or light receiver (e.g. sensors, detectors, photo cell, camera, color measurement instrument, etc.) in the calculation, can in addition to colorimetric and / or spectral light processing and / or processing of electromagnetic radiation Include the beam path and its process-related change and / or at least, if necessary, also include statements about the beam path changes with the process.
- Light broken with the process changed, generates different data or value levels due to different intensities, which on the sensors act in the different areas of the detection area.
- the light detection can take place via sensors in the entire room, for example, or only make up part of the detection room.
- the method variants use at least one sensor and / or one camera and / or one as an instrument
- the system itself should optimize the detection path and calculation path and / or the influence of factors (air humidity, temperature of the ambient air, the mouth climate, body temperature, saliva consistency, composition of the saliva, etc.) on its own and / or in context, based on individual parameters help to increase the precision of death time determination and / or corpse lay time determination and / or tooth shade reconstruction and or of time determination and or fluid content and or water content and or condition recording and reconstruction etc.
- the neural network should also e.g. for process planning, for forecasts, reconstructions, measurements, etc. on materials, and / or incorporate material-specific characteristics.
- Both the system or the automatic detection device and or the instrument for the measurement on a tooth and / or material can be portable (e.g. as a hand-held measuring device) and or can be localized. So it is possible within a process variant that the condition and / or the time of death or the like. is determined by direct measurement on site based on the reference data.
- One or more of the methods can also be used exclusively via e.g. one or more sensors, detectors, a camera system and or image acquisition and / or image processing and corresponding data processing etc. are carried out.
- the advantage of capturing pictorial information or the topographical resolution is that a section can be selected and / or rediscovered individually for the tooth and / or the material and / or the material, for example by means of a computer chart and / or a search system and / or via of the neural network and / or the factory setting of the manufacturer and / or setting of the operator and / or user of such systems, which is (more) suitable for evaluation and the purpose of the method.
- One or more sections and their size can be selected so that there is at least one possibility to optimize the data acquisition or evaluation based on the data.
- Such a detection system can be used for one or more of the other methods, for example in particular for determining the time of death and / or for determining the time and / or for determining effects of artificial age and / or the substance-specific translation of water and / or liquid content measurement values and / or condition measurement values in data recorded in accordance with the claim (for example condition-specific and / or substance-specific and / or device-specific calibration and / or calibration etc. etc.) and / or object and / or living being identification on the basis of process-related changes in condition,
- Changes in water content, liquid content, water content and / or liquid content and / or moisture measurement and or condition measurement and / or determination etc. etc. can be realized, optimized and or carried out with absolute accuracy and / or in large quantities of objects (e.g. teeth, materials, objects, samples, etc.) by means of an acquisition system and / or automatic acquisition machines.
- objects e.g. teeth, materials, objects, samples, etc.
- This automation and / or rationalization is also e.g. the liquid content analysis and / or the water content and / or the moisture degree analysis and / or condition analysis (e.g. based on light and / or electromagnetic radiation etc. see above) etc. etc. e.g. via air drying and / or accelerated drying via heating, liquid absorption etc. as a sophisticated variant enables the process-related time factor to be included). Accelerated drying has the advantage that the process is less time-consuming, but also produces less precise results. In favor of the exact acquisition of data, the acquisition of the data under normal drying conditions is favored for the application of the time of death determination, in particular for method 1.
- Data records from the different recording methods can thus be brought together according to method 2, for example. It is thus possible to detect or measure the degree of moisture or the liquid content also colorimetrically or through the analysis of light and / or electromagnetic radiation mentioned above.
- This substance-specific translation of liquid content measurement values for example into color measurement values and / or data provided by corresponding recording instruments, makes it possible to record them in large numbers of different material samples, one after the other and or simultaneously.
- a relationship to the process-related time factor and / or the determination of the time of death are optimized in this way.
- An appropriate arrangement of the samples and / or teeth for example, next to one another and / or linearly and / or in a circle (FIG. 12) and / or on an x-shaped surface (exemplary possibility FIG.
- each sample can be separated from the other samples or some of the other samples by a wall or partition (2) and / or each sample is separate from the other samples or some of the other samples in a container Fig. 5a (3) and Fig 5b. All samples can also be separated from the ambient air by a cover according to FIG. 5b (4). In this way, the storage of each sample (e.g. teeth, tooth, fabric, material, sample, etc.) is guaranteed regardless of the influence of the surrounding room air. Furthermore, the samples are independent of each other and it is possible to treat each sample differently by isolating the samples through the wall (2) and to subject each sample to a different climate or microclimate.
- a heating unit (9) and / or a feed device (7) for example a hose, pipe, inlet, etc.
- appropriate air or liquid for achieving the desired or desired air climate or amount of liquid (for example warm or cold air, temperature of Air and liquid, air pressure, liquid quantity, liquid type, consistency, specification of the air humidity, etc.).
- the discharge unit (5) and / or the feed device (7) itself removes that which is too much present or which is to be removed (for example liquid, air humidity, etc.) from the container (regulation of the process). All containers and / or a main container or division units (1, 3) can and / or can thus lead to and / or drain for
- All containers or division units are with one another and / or with one
- Base plate firmly anchored or attachable at a predetermined location and exact repositionability.
- the regulation of one or more of the demanding conditions or simulations are e.g. controlled by a control loop. This requires a person who is qualified to record the relevant conditions
- Fluid content, fluid consistency, etc. can be determined. Simulations from, for example
- Ambient air conditions conditions that a sample would have to go through (eg determining the time of death) or that a sample has undergone, for example, based on experience (eg artificial aging) are possible.
- the inflow and outflow (e.g. air, liquid, etc.), the heating processes and or the capping and / or uncapping and / or the retrieval of the measuring surface can be done by means of motors, mechanically and / or manually and / or via a program and / or automatically and / or by means of corresponding specifications (for example time sequences, times of measurements, amount of liquid, air temperature, air humidity, components of the air, air composition, foreign substances in air and liquid, liquid composition, control processes, etc.).
- the detection instrument e.g. camera, sensor, detector, measuring head of the measuring apparatus, etc.
- the optimum Relation e.g. distance, measuring area, etc.
- the optimum Relation e.g. distance, measuring area, etc.
- the measuring surface is at an optimal distance from the detection unit for the purpose of optimal measurement.
- the positioning and repositioning can take place, for example, via a motor or micromotor and / or manually operated measuring apparatus and / or the sample (s), the guidance and / or the end position being able to be determined, for example, by the program, (micro) motor, precision attachments , Ball bearings, guideway definitions, by end stop positions, by ball or groove engagement, positive engagement in negative recess, by telescopic tripod with precision attachments and stop, etc.
- the samples can be adjusted in relation to the instrument, for example, in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction (Fig. 5a) and / or on a circular path Q7ig.
- one or more of the capturing apparatuses or instruments can be positioned and repositioned in relation to the object or the sample or vice versa by placing the same measuring surface on the object which is determined during the first measurement or which was randomly determined in the form (e.g. inner and / or outer geometry or the like) (e.g. scanning, laser, camera, inner structure etc.) and the same topographical position for renewed measurement using the " Form "is found (sensory variant).
- form e.g. inner and / or outer geometry or the like
- Another process variant uses e.g. predefined setting positions between the measuring instrument and the sample-carrying unit by the compute phogram and / or the predefined dimensioning of the chassis and or the positioning apparatus which moves the specimen and / or measuring instrument, etc.
- the samples When positioning and / or repositioning the samples, they are arranged linearly e.g. on a basis, it is also possible via a rail on which the sample (s) are moved and / or the measuring instrument (s) and / or the measuring units) are moved in relation to the sample (s).
- at least two rails (41) which are arranged perpendicular to one another and are displaceable relative to one another, are necessary in order to hold the sample (s) and or instrument (s) or detection unit (s) (42) to shift and reposition in relation to each other.
- a sample according to FIG. 11 (10) or several samples can be placed in front of a measuring room (FIG. 11 above) or in a measuring room Q7ig. 11 below).
- the wall of the measuring space shown here by way of example consists of one or more detection units and / or detection instruments (32) and one or more light transmitters or electromagnetic radiation-emitting units (31 and / or 33).
- the radiation (38) falling on the object is either diffusely reflected (remission) or reflected in a directional manner (39) and / or transmitted by the object (40). If one or more objects are measured within a measuring room, this can be conveyed into the measuring room, for example, via a carrier system (35) via a rail (35, 36).
- a measuring unit can be set up above each sample, for example in the form of a glass fiber end piece on the sample side (FIG. 6 (8a)), and or photocells and / or sensors and / or cameras and or color measuring instruments and / or parts thereof etc. (Fig. 6, Fig. 9 (16, 17) without their relations to the objects (e.g.
- the glass fiber cable (8) is held on the one hand with the sample (10) via a stabilizing element (11) of the unit on the other hand with the measurement side
- Fig. 9 (16) as a further variant of the invention.
- more than one or possibly several or many measuring units e.g. transmitter-receiver systems of electromagnetic radiation, light, cameras,
- Photo cells, fiber optic cables, color measuring devices, etc. necessary. If you are working with fiber optic cables, a camera or a sensor or color measuring device, color measuring device, for example, can be sufficient if a "distributor” or “switch” (only illustrative possibility and can be implemented very differently) between fiber optic cable (16) and one or more of them ) enables the division and switching of light and / or other electromagnetic radiation (eg according to FIGS. 6 (12a) and 7) and / or image information.
- a "distributor” or “switch” only illustrative possibility and can be implemented very differently
- RGB system the gray or bundle levels, intensities etc.
- radiation patterns and / or spectral composition and / or beam path etc. e.g. light, electromagnetic radiation etc.
- the device and / or the system according to the claim provides that the process processes are automated and / or the process steps run according to predetermined programs and / or contain such a program.
- the sample can be automatically placed in relation to the measuring instrument according to a predetermined program, for example for determining the time of death, or after the sample has been placed by hand, the measurement or measurements can be carried out, liquid can be added according to a corresponding program, or added manually, accordingly can escape again, series of measurements with predetermined times and periods at or after which the measurements are to be made until the time or the time interval at which the measurement results come close to those at the time of the first measurement or are identical.
- a patented variant suggested that an automatic system send out a signal or switch off the system at this time.
- a sophisticated variant creates a protocol based on the measured values and the periods at which these were measured, including the time of death or the period before the first measurement from which the
- Apparatus or this system or a detection unit (3) additionally, for example, another conventional and / or known instrument for detecting states e.g. Weighing unit (9) or a conductivity measuring unit etc. etc. have.
- the same apparatus or the same system is now capable of simultaneous or almost simultaneous or parallel acquisitions or within the (predetermined) temporal tolerance using conventional methods (thermogravimetry, gravimetry, NIR spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, etc.) and acquisition of reflected and / or transmitted light and / or or electromagnetic radiation, its composition and / or its beam path and / or color and / or other sophisticated data collection options on the material.
- the same instrument or the same acquisition system can base data that are based on acquisitions using conventional methods and with data from the acquisition of sophisticated acquisitions (e.g. based on light and or electromagnetic radiation, composition, beam path, etc.) Connect.
- the same detection system can now determine the degree of moisture based on exclusive detections of the color and / or and / or the light reflected and / or transmitted by the substance and / or electromagnetic radiation and / or its and / or its composition and / or its and / or its beam path and / or measure the liquid content and or water content on a substance-specific basis.
- the moisture level and / or the liquid content and / or water content can also be measured with these, or the detection system can be adapted to these calibrated, for this the reference data calibration and calibration and one or more of the relationships of data according to one or more of the claims fabricate specific.
- watering using the conventional methods built in here (for example thermogravimetry, gravimetry, infrared, conductivity measurements, etc.), in particular for one or more of the methods according to the claims.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a possible procedure based on method 2.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a possible procedure based on method 1.
- FIG. 3a illustrates a possible development of the color measurement parameters or color measurement values present example of the L *, a *, b *, h values of the CIELAB and CEELCH system from 1976.
- FIG. 3b shows a possible development of the spectral curve for clarification.
- the reflection (% ). 4 illustrates a possible development of the decrease in fluid content in the exemplary case of the gravimetrically recorded fluid content or the absolute weight of a tooth. The weight of the object or the tooth decreases with increasing drying time.
- Fig. 5a shows a flat arrangement of the detection units (Fig.5b).
- FIG. 6 shows an instrument which works in contact mode via fiber optic cable (8), one of which Possible distribution, for example of application light and / or detection light, takes place via a distribution system (12a) and (Fig. 7).
- a distribution system (12a) and Fig. 7 As an instrument in FIG. 8 works without contact with the object, there may be an area
- FIG. 10 Measurement surface according to FIG. 10 (15) or it can be determined which is used for the detection.
- the recording instruments in FIG. 9 show both the possibility (device variants of the same or different devices) of a contact measurement (17) or non-contact measurement (16).
- a simulation area or the acquisition system or the acquisition unit e.g. is microscopically small or also has room size and many independent detection devices work in isolation and / or are connected to a central processing unit (e.g. computer, processor etc.), are located in this room and / or their connection to those inside the room own samples (e.g. fiber optic cable, plate and stem of an external weighing unit, cable, probe for conductivity measurement etc.) or use devices e.g. Glass plate allows the means of detection (e.g. camera, sensor, etc.) to make measurements on the samples according to their ability.
- the rooms can also e.g. climate chambers, climate cabinets etc. are the above. Satisfy conditions.
- detectors, sensors, etc. also have micro or nanometer size or acquisition units take up the size of entire apparatus or instruments or measuring systems or measuring apparatus or instruments or the like. his.
- whether and which of the P ⁇ obe (s) and / or in which order and / or chronological order and / or after which time intervals and / or under which simulation and / or under which conditions is determined by software and / or can be set by the user.
- This software can be used and / or modified by the manufacturer (factory setting) and / or the user and / or individually as required.
- Information on the object e.g. type of object, material, surface quality, grain size, chemical composition, etc.
- an increase in the measuring accuracy can be achieved with such a consideration.
- An instrument which collects other data or at a different data level than the acquisition system and / or the acquisition machine can be calibrated or calibrated into the instrument data by means of a software-based “translation” of the acquisition system and / or the acquisition machine data, so that using the analysis or a part thereof of the detection system and / or the automatic detection device, the instrument itself can measure and / or determine and / or calculate the time and / or time of death and / or liquid content and / or water content and / or moisture and / or condition of substances.
- Each method according to the invention is not restricted in terms of location, arrangement, number and connection of the method steps, method components or method components as well as the (technical) means used for this.
- the light originally comes from a natural (direct and / or indirect sunlight, biological light, self-chandeliers) and / or artificial light source (LED, laser, lamp , Luminaire etc.) and is used either continuously or for a limited time and or as a flash of light, the object or tooth being directly and / or indirectly exposed to the light.
- the patent claims and / or the description of tooth refer to either one tooth or several teeth.
- the best way to obtain data which can be used in accordance with the claims is to record the spectral composition and beam path of electromagnetic radiation, in particular light in the visible and / or invisible spectral range, with the object or tooth being illuminated and or illuminated and or with energy being supplied.
- tooth and / or substance to be examined and / or "object" of the (re) acquisitions) of the data mentioned in claim 2 is not the one or one of them (that is, it is not one and the same sample) during the reference data acquisition were measured, but the substance or object is of the same or similar type, should be mentioned again for clarification, but it is also possible, if less sensible, to use the same sample (tooth and / or substance and / or “object ”) to use for reference data and in the application for data acquisition.
- a living and / or dead tooth refers to a dead and / or living “living being” (eg person, person, animal, individual, etc.), which is naturally given to the wearer or its being.
- an artificial tooth refers to dental and / or dental work and / or the materials used (e.g. crowns, bridges, fillings, prostheses, plastics, ceramics, metal, etc.). 1 and 2 schematically illustrate some possible procedures, at best in exemplary form.
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- Dentistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002609892A CA2609892A1 (en) | 2004-05-15 | 2005-05-11 | Methods and systems for determining and measuring the time of death, time, condition and liquid content of and at teeth or materials |
EP05740432A EP1756549A1 (de) | 2004-05-15 | 2005-05-11 | Verfahren und systeme zur todeszeitbestimmung, zeit-, zustands-, flüssigkeitsgehaltsermittlung und -messung von und an zähnen oder stoffen |
AU2005243073A AU2005243073A1 (en) | 2004-05-15 | 2005-05-11 | Methods and systems for determining and measuring the time of death, time, condition and liquid content of and at teeth or materials |
US11/596,518 US20080037018A1 (en) | 2004-05-15 | 2005-05-11 | Methods and Systems for Determining and Measuring the Time of Death, Time, Condition and Liquid Content of and At Teeth or Materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004024254A DE102004024254A1 (de) | 2004-05-15 | 2004-05-15 | Verfahren zur Todeszeitbestimmung an Zähnen, zur Nutzbarmachung, Nutzung, Einbeziehung und Ermittlung des/eines prozeßbedingten Zeitfaktors, von Zustandsmöglichkeiten und/oder des Flüssigkeitsgehalts von Stoffen, Materialien oder Objekten auch in Verbindung mit dem Zeitfaktor mittels des von diesen beeinflußten Lichtes und (neuen) Farbmustern |
DE102004024254.2 | 2004-05-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005111582A1 true WO2005111582A1 (de) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=34967131
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2005/004790 WO2005111582A1 (de) | 2004-05-15 | 2005-05-11 | Verfahren und systeme zur todeszeitbestimmung, zeit-, zustands-, flüssigkeitsgehaltsermittlung und -messung von und an zähnen oder stoffen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080037018A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1756549A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005243073A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2609892A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004024254A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005111582A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200610437B (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
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DE102007035610A1 (de) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-05 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Farben |
US8134133B1 (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2012-03-13 | David Hunter Walley | Method and system for authenticating archeological artifacts |
WO2011071800A1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-16 | Weinberg Medical Physics Llc | Method and apparatus for detecting bone viability with utraviolet light |
AT507887B1 (de) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-15 | Steger Heinrich | Vorrichtung zum scannen eines dentalmodellabbilds mit artikulator |
AU2012249600B2 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2016-05-19 | Incube Labs, Llc | Mouthpiece for measurement of biometric data of a diver and underwater communication |
DE102016123345B3 (de) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-05-09 | Tilman Kraus | Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Zahn- oder Knochenoberflächen |
CN111199545B (zh) * | 2020-01-07 | 2023-02-24 | 云南省烟草烟叶公司 | 一种基于机器视觉鉴别初烤烟叶颜色的方法 |
RU2746665C1 (ru) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-04-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Способ определения давности наступления смерти |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19830720C1 (de) | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-05 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur indirekten Brennwert-, Heizwert- und Wassergehaltsbestimmung von flüssigen Abfallproben sowie eine Vorrichtung und deren Verwendung zur Gewinnung von flüssigen Abfallchargen |
US6043096A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 2000-03-28 | Environmental Test Systems, Inc. | Device and method for the determination of water |
DE10049641A1 (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-05-23 | Hoffmann Andre | Verfahren zur Erfassung des Wassergehaltes/Flüssigkeitsgehaltes eines nicht flüssigen Stoffes mittels farberfassenden Gerätes |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4836206A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1989-06-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Method and device for determining viability of intact teeth |
US5498157A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-03-12 | Hall; Neil R. | Dental color mixture indicator device |
US6373573B1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2002-04-16 | Lj Laboratories L.L.C. | Apparatus for measuring optical characteristics of a substrate and pigments applied thereto |
GB9710561D0 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1997-07-16 | Medical Laser Technologies Lim | Non-invasive diagnostic equipment |
-
2004
- 2004-05-15 DE DE102004024254A patent/DE102004024254A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-05-11 WO PCT/EP2005/004790 patent/WO2005111582A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-05-11 AU AU2005243073A patent/AU2005243073A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-11 EP EP05740432A patent/EP1756549A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-11 US US11/596,518 patent/US20080037018A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-11 CA CA002609892A patent/CA2609892A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-12-13 ZA ZA200610437A patent/ZA200610437B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6043096A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 2000-03-28 | Environmental Test Systems, Inc. | Device and method for the determination of water |
DE19830720C1 (de) | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-05 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur indirekten Brennwert-, Heizwert- und Wassergehaltsbestimmung von flüssigen Abfallproben sowie eine Vorrichtung und deren Verwendung zur Gewinnung von flüssigen Abfallchargen |
DE10049641A1 (de) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-05-23 | Hoffmann Andre | Verfahren zur Erfassung des Wassergehaltes/Flüssigkeitsgehaltes eines nicht flüssigen Stoffes mittels farberfassenden Gerätes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2609892A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
US20080037018A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
ZA200610437B (en) | 2008-04-30 |
DE102004024254A1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
AU2005243073A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
EP1756549A1 (de) | 2007-02-28 |
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