Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
  • A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
  • A61K9/2081—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets with microcapsules or coated microparticles according to A61K9/50
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
  • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
  • A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
  • A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
  • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
  • A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
  • A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical technology and describes a manufacturing process for pellets containing an active ingredient by spraying a suspension of a disintegrant containing the active ingredient on starter pellets.
• the invention also relates to the pellets and dosage forms obtained by such process.
• starch and particularly pregelatinized starch as disintegrant for granulation of a mixture of active ingredients and several excipients in suspension or using it as a dry substance for this intention. It is also generally known to use starch for manufacturing nonpareille particles in dry status.
• WO 98/52564 discloses the coating of nonpareille seeds in a centrifugal coater with a dusting powder composed of active drug, sucrose, corn starch and talcum, while spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution.
• EP 1108425 is related to multi-unitary pharmaceutical preparations containing substituted benzimidazoles.
• the preparations are pellet preparations with an inert core which is coated with an active layer containing the benzimidazole and excipients, mixed in suitable proportions in order to allow the disaggregation of the formulations and dissolution of the active ingredient.
• the active layer in turn is coated with an insulating layer of a strictly polymeric nature, this layer being coted in turn with an enteric layer.
• EP 773025 is related to an oral pharmaceutical preparation containing an acid-labile benzimidazole compound which comprises a nucleous formed by coating a spherical inert core with the benzimidazole, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and talc, an inert coating disposed on said nucleous, formed by hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, titanium dioxide and talc, an outer layer disposed on the previous coating comprising an enteric coating containing co-polymerized methacrylic acid/methacrylic acid methyl ester, triethylcitrate and talc.
• an acid-labile benzimidazole compound which comprises a nucleous formed by coating a spherical inert core with the benzimidazole, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and talc, an inert coating disposed on said nucleous, formed by hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, titanium dioxide and talc, an outer layer disposed on the previous coating comprising an enteric coating containing co
• US 6123962 is related to a granule which comprises nonpareils coated with a mixture of a benzimidazole compound, a basic inorganic salt stabilizing agent and an additive.
• US 6346269 is related to a method for preparing an oral formulation containing acid-sensitive drugs, including at least the following step: spreading a solution or a suspension containing at least stabilizers, solvents and acid-sensitive drugs or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts onto a core made from one or more excipients, and then drying the core to make an active ingredient layer over the core. Also disclosed is the oral formulation made by this method.
• US 5385739 is related to a stable formulation of omeprazole microgranules containg a neutral core consisting of sugar and starch, characterized in that it contains an active layer consisting of a dilution of omeprazole in mannitol in substantially equal amounts.
• WO 99/48498 is related to an oral pharmaceutical formulation comprising granules having an inert core coated with a layer, comprising an benzimidazole having anti-ulcer activity, a disintegrant and a surfactant in a matrix of a melt coating substance essentially consisting of one or more esters of glycerol and fatty acids, a separating layer and an enteric coating layer, and a process for the preparation of such formulation using a melt coating technique for the preparation of the benzimidazole containing layer.
• WO 9702020 is related to an oral pharmaceutical composition of pantoprazole in pellet or tablet form, wherein the pantoprazole is at least partly in slow release form.
• WO 2004/098594 is related to dosage forms for oral administration of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole.
• WO 2004/098577 is related to dosage forms for oral administration of the magnesium salt of (S)- pantoprazole.
• the invention therefore relates to pellets comprising starter pellets layered with a layer comprising an active ingredient, a disintegrant and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• the layer is formed by spraying a suspension of a disintegrant containing the active ingredient and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients on starter pellets.
• Starter pellets (also referred to as seed pellets or nonpareil seeds herein), which can be used as starter particles in the spraying process according to the invention, are based on materials known to the person skilled in the art in pharmaceutical technology such as cellulose, sucrose, starch, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), whereby sucrose and starch are preferred materials.
• the particle size of the seed pellets is preferably in the range of 0.25 and 1.4 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 1.3 mm and most particularly preferred in the range of 0.6 and 1.0 mm.
• the disintegrant according to the invention can be any suitable disintegrant such as starch, sodium starch glycolate, primojel or mixtures of disintegrants. It is particularly preferred to use starch as disintegrant.
• the starch employed as disintegration aid according to the invention preferably is selected from the group of corn (or maize) starch, wheat starch, potatoe starch and rice starch, preferably pregelatinized starch and in particular pregelatinized corn (or maize) starch (e.g. Starch 1500® or Star-X®)
• pregelatinized starch in connection with the invention also includes partly pregelatinized starch.
• the native starch can also be used after heating up the starch suspension above the gelatinization temperature.
• the quantity (in percent of weight based on the active pellet core without further optional coatings) of starch is preferably in the range of 0.5 and 5%, particularly preferred in the range of 1.0 and 4.0% and most preferred between 2.0 and 3.5%.
• Active pellet core in this connection refers to a pellet in connection with the invention consisting of a starter pellet layered with a layer of an active ingredient, starch and optionally other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• aqueous suspending agent Preferably an aqueous suspending agent is used.
• concentration of starch in the suspension containing the active ingredient used for spraying on the starter pellets is preferably in the range of 0.5 and 5% and particularly preferred in the range of 1.0 and 3.0% in percent of weight based on the spraying suspension.
• the average particle size of the used disintegrant in particular starch, pregelatinized starch or partially pregelatinized starch is preferably in the range of 10 and 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferred in the range of 40 and 120 ⁇ m and most preferred between 60 and 100 ⁇ m.
• the proportion (in percent by weight based on the finished dosage form) of starch as disintegration aid is preferably in the range of 0.5 and 5.0% and most preferred between 1.0 and 3.0%.
• the pellet core may contain additional excipients such as binders, stabilizers, additional disintegrants, surfactants and wetting agents Suitable binders which can be used for layering the suspension of the disintegrant (in particular pregelatinized starch) containing the active ingredient onto the starter pellet are polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gelatine, whereby PVP is preferred.
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) employed as binder according to the invention can be of molecular weight in the range of 2.000 - 1.500.000.
• PVP 90 (average molecular weight about 1.000.000 - 1.500.000) or PVP in the range of from 600 000 to 700 000 can be mentioned as preferred.
• the PVP is a water- soluble PVP with a low average molecular weight and is preferably used as binder in the dosage form.
• Low average molecular weight in connection with the invention refers to PVP with an average molecular weight below 300000, preferably below 100000, particularly preferably below 70 000, more particularly preferably below 60 000, most particularly preferred below 40000.
• Kollidon 12 PF molecular weight 2000-3000
• Kollidon 17 PF molecular weight 7000-11 000
• Kollidon 25 molecular weight 28000-34000
• Kollidon 30 molecular weight 44000-54000
• Wetting agents or surfactants which can be used in the pellet core, preferably refer to synthetic tensides (such as polysorbate, spans, brij), sulfate- and sulfonate salts of fatty acids (such as sodium dodecylsulfate), non-ionic tensides (such as poloxamer) and glycerol esters of fatty acids.
• synthetic tensides such as polysorbate, spans, brij
• sulfate- and sulfonate salts of fatty acids such as sodium dodecylsulfate
• non-ionic tensides such as poloxamer
• glycerol esters of fatty acids such as sodium dodecylsulfate
• SDS sodium dodecylsulfate
• lubricants and anti-sticking agents are used in the manufacture of the nonpareille pellet cores.
• lubricants and anti-sticking agents are higher fatty acids and their alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal salts, such as calcium stearate.
• Another suitable lubricant is talc.
• suitable disintegration aids in particular, chemically inert agents, which may be mentioned as preferred, are crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcelluloses and sodium starch glycolate.
• the invention relates to a process for manufacturing the pellets according to the invention comprising spraying a suspension of the disintegrant containing the active ingredient and optionally other excipients on starter pellets.
• the thus obtained layered pellets are subsequently dried and can be further processed to dosage forms.
• the invention in another embodiment relates to a process for manufacturing the pellets according to the invention comprising spraying a suspension of starch containing the active ingredient and optionally other excipients on starter pellets.
• a suspension of starch containing the active ingredient and optionally other excipients on starter pellets.
• the thus obtained layered pellets are subsequently dried and can be further processed to dosage forms.
• pellets can be obtained by application of a preliminary isolation layer preferably by spraying a solution of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or polyvinylpyrrolidone onto sucrose starter pellets.
• a suspension of starch as disintegration aid and the active compound in water concentration of the active ingredient between 10 and 20%
• optionally other excipients can be applied.
• an aqueous suspension of starch and the active ingredient containing the binder (in dissolved form) and optionally containing other excipients is sprayed on starter pellets.
• the spraying process is carried out according to methods known in the art, preferably in a fluidized bed apparatus (preferably in Wurster-modification) or in a conventional centrifugal coating pan.
• the pellets according to the invention may be further processed to dosage forms, in particular oral dosage forms such as capsules or tablets or could be filled loose in primary packaging materials (e.g. aluminum pouches).
• dosage forms in particular oral dosage forms such as capsules or tablets or could be filled loose in primary packaging materials (e.g. aluminum pouches).
• the active ingredient can be of any kind.
• the active ingredient has low solubility in water, which allows, to provide aqueous suspensions of the active ingredient for the spraying process.
• the average particle size of the suspended active ingredient is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60 ⁇ m, particularly preferred in the range of 1.0 and 25 ⁇ m and most preferred between 1.0 and 15 ⁇ m.
• the active ingredient can be processed by suitable methods (e.g. milling or micronizing) to provide the desired particle size.
• the active ingredient is an acid-labile proton pump inhibitor.
• Acid-labile proton pump inhibitors H K* ATPase inhibitors
• H K* ATPase inhibitors within the meaning of the present invention which may be mentioned are in particular substituted pyridin-2-yl-methylsulfinyl-1H- benzimidazoles, such as are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0005 129, EP-A-0 166287, EP-
• acid-labile proton pump inhibitors for example substituted phenylmethylsulfinyl-1 H-benz- imidazoles, cycloheptapyridin-9-ylsulfinyl-1 H-benzimidazoles or pyridin-2-ylmethylsulfinylthienoimida- zoles, are disclosed in DE-A-3531 487, EP-A-0434999 and EP-A-0234485.
• the acid-labile proton pump inhibitors are chiral compounds.
• the term acid-labile proton pump inhibitor also includes the pure enantiomers of the acid-labile proton pump inhibitors and their mixtures in any mixing ratio. Pure enantiomers which may be mentioned by way of example are 5-methoxy-2- [(S)-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1 H-benzimidazole (INN: esomeprazole) and (-)-pantoprazole.
• the international patent application WO92/08716 describes a chemical process, which allows pyridin-2-ylmethylsulphinyl-1 H-benzimidazoles to be separated into their optical antipodes.
• the international patent application WO9208716 mentions that the optical antipodes of the pyridin-2-ylmethylsulphinyl-1 H-benzimidazoles, i.e.
• (+)- and (-)-enantiomers or the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers are used as active compounds in medicaments for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
• active compounds for the mode of application and the dosage of the active compounds, reference is made inter alia to the European patent 166287.
• the International Patent Application W097/41114 describes a specific process for the preparation of magnesium salts of pyridin-2-ylmethylsulfinyl-1 H-benzimidazoles.
• the preparation of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole is also described by way of example. According to the analysis data indicated, the salt prepared is pantoprazole magnesium in anhydrous form.
• the acid-labile proton pump inhibitors are present here as such or preferably in the form of their salts with bases.
• salts with bases which may be mentioned are sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium salts.
• the salts of the acid-labile proton pump inhibitors with bases can also be present in hydrate form. Such a hydrate of the salt of an acid-labile proton pump inhibitor with a base is disclosed, for example, in WO 91/19710.
• pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate pantoprazole sodium x 1.5 H 2 0
• pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate pantoprazole sodium x 1.5 H 2 0
• pantoprazole magnesium pantoprazole magnesium
• pantoprazole magnesium dihydrate pantoprazole magnesium dihydrate
• omeprazole magnesium omeprazole
• esomeprazole magnesium esomeprazole magnesium and esomeprazole.
• Pantoprazole is the INN (International Nonproprietary Name) for the compound 5-difluoromethoxy- 2-[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methylsulfinyl]-1 H-benzimidazole.
• the magnesium salt of pantoprazole is the chemical compound magnesium bis[5-[difluoromethoxy]-2-[[3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl]methyl]- sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazolide].
• the pantoprazole magnesium salt can also be present in hydrate form (e.g. monohydrate, sesquihadrate or dihydrate).
• a particular preferred hydrate in connection with the invention is the dihydrate of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole with the chemical name magnesium bis[5-[difluoromethoxy]-2-[[3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]- IHbenzimidazolide] dihydrate.
• the synthesis of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole is described for example in International Patent Application W097/41114 and the synthesis of the dihydrate of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole is disclosed in International Patent Application WO00/10995.
• Pantoprazole magnesium pellets available as delayed release forms are found to have a prolonged and not complete in-vitro dissolution behaviour.
• pregelatinized starch e.g. starch 1500®
• other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients during the layering of seeds with the magnesium salt of pantoprazole the dissolution behaviour could be improved surprisingly.
• the increase in drug release from nonpareille pellets is evident after coating with a water- soluble intermediate layer and an enteric coating by processes.
• pantoprazole magnesium salt comprising pregelatinized starch as disintegration aid in suspension show stability and a distinctly improved release profile for the active ingredient as compared to oral dosage forms for pantoprazole magnesium salt known from the art (see examples).
• the invention therefore also relates to a dosage form for oral administration of pantoprazole magnesium salt comprising a capsule or a tablet containing the described nonpareille pellets in a therapeutically effective amount of the pantoprazole magnesium salt together with pregelatinized starch and one or more other suitable pharmaceutical excipients.
• preferred dosage forms are multiparticulate forms such as pellets in a capsule or a multiple unit tableted dosage form (such as disclosed in WO 96/01623), with the dosage form advantageously being designed so that the pantoprazole magnesium salt is released, or made available effectively for the body, in such a way that an optimal active ingredient profile, and thus action profile, is achieved.
• Suitable dosage forms are for example disclosed in EP-A-0519365, EP-A-0244380, EP-A-1 213 015, EP-A-1 105 105, EP-A-1 037 634, EP-A-1 187601 and EP-A-1 341 528.
• the oral dosage form of the invention is preferably a dosage form with modified release of the active ingredient, in particular with delayed release of active ingredient.
• an enteric coated dosage form comprising at least one enteric coating layer which is stable and does not release the active ingredient under acidic conditions but rapidly dissolves in neutral conditions and in particular in the alkaline medium of the intestine.
• the dosage form according to the invention in addition to the enteric coating layer contains one or more intermediate layers (subcoating layers).
• the dosage form according to the invention comprises at least one enteric coating layer but does not contain an intermediate layer.
• EP-A 0244380 proposes to coat cores, which contain the active ingredient together with alkaline compounds or as alkaline salt with at least one layer, which is soluble in water or rapidly disintegrates in water, of nonacidic, inert pharmaceutically-acceptable substance before the enteric layer is applied.
• the intermediate layer or intermediate layers act as pH-buffering zones in which hydrogen ions, which diffuse in from the outside, are able to react with the hydroxyl ions which diffuse out of the alkaline core.
• buffer substance In order to increase the buffer capacity of the intermediate layer, it is proposed to incorporate buffer substance into the intermediate layer(s). It is possible in practice by this method to obtain rather stable compositions.
• the invention therefore also relates to an oral dosage form of nonpareille pellets containing the acid- labile proton pump inhibitor in a therapeutically effective amount together with starch and one or more other pharmaceutical excipients in an alkaline pellet core, at least one intermediate layer (subcoating) and an outer enteric layer (gastric resistant coating) which is soluble in the small intestine in the presence of neutral pH-values.
• the invention also relates to an oral dosage form of nonpareille pellets containing the acid-labile proton pump inhibitor in a therapeutically effective amount together with starch and particularly pregelatinized starch and optionally one or more other pharmaceutical excipients in an alkaline pellet core, at least one intermediate layer (subcoating) and an outer enteric layer (gastric resistant coating) which is soluble in the small intestine in the presence of neutral pH- values.
• the oral dosage form is a multiple unit tableted dosage form, with individual enteric coating layered units based on pellets according to the invention containing pantoprazole magnesium salt, starch - particularly pregelatinized starch - and optionally other excipients.
• suitable pharmaceutical excipients which may be used in the dosage forms forms for acid- labile proton pump inhibitors according to this invention are pharmaceutical excipients such as binders, disintegrants or else lubricants and release agents.
• suitable excipients which may be present in the dosage form produced by the manufacturing process described in the invention are, for example, flavoring substances (such as flavors and sweeteners), buffer substances, preservatives, coloring substances (such as iron oxid yellow or red), wetting agents, surfactants (such as sodium laurylsulfate) or else emulsifiers.
• Flavors are usually added in a proportion of from 0.05 to 1% by weight.
• Other flavoring substances by way of example are acids such as citric acid, sweeteners such as saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate sodium or maltol, which are added according to the desired result.
• lubricants and anti-sticking agents are used in the manufacture of the nonpareille pellet cores.
• lubricants and anti-sticking agents are higher fatty acids and their alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal salts, such as calcium stearate.
• Another suitable lubricant is talc.
• suitable disintegration aids in particular, chemically inert agents, which may be mentioned as preferred, are crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcelluloses and sodium starch glycolate.
• the oral dosage form according to the invention are nonpareille pellets comprising sodium carbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and (partially) pregelatinized starch as excipients for the pellet core layered together with the active ingredient on a sugar seed sphere.
• the active ingredient is pantoprazole magnesium dihydrate.
• the layer containing the active ingredient has a thickness of between 80 and 140 ⁇ m, in particular between 90 and 135 ⁇ m, 95 and 130 ⁇ m, 100 and 125 ⁇ m.
• intermediate layer(s) to be applied to a pellet core reference may be made in particular to those water-soluble layers such as are usually used before application of layers which are resistant to gastric juice, or such as are described e.g. in DE-OS 3901 151.
• film polymers which can be used for the intermediate layer are hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, to which plasticizers (such as, for example, propylene glycol) and/or other additives (e.g. talc as an anti-sticking agent) and auxiliaries (e.g. buffers, bases or pigments) can also be added if desired.
• the oral dosage form according to the invention comprises intermediate layer(s) based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as film polymer.
• suitable polymers for the enteric coating are methacrylic acid/methyl methacrylate copolymer or methacrylic acid/ethyl -acrylate copolymer (e.g.
• plasticizer such as propylene glycol or triethyl citrate
• other additives and ancillary substances e.g.
• the oral dosage form according to the invention comprises an enteric coating based on methacrylic acid/methyl methacrylate copolymer or methacrylic acid/ethyl - acrylate copolymer.
• the layers are applied in conventional ways using equipment customary for these purposes.
• the application of the different coatings on the pellet core can be carried out for example by processes known to the skilled worker for coating pellets (for example as disclosed in the various patent documents relating to oral dosage forms for proton pump inhibitors; the process mentioned in EP-A-0519 365 or EP-A-0244 380 may be mentioned by way of example).
• the isolation layer or the enteric coating layer can also be applied on the pellets using corresponding ready-made dispersions (e.g. opadry, acryl-eeze) in a fluidized bed coater, preferably in Wurster modification.
• ready-made dispersions e.g. opadry, acryl-eeze
• a fluidized bed coater preferably in Wurster modification.
• Particularly preferred subject of the invention is therefore a manufacturing process to produce an oral dosage form in form of nonpareille pellets containing the magnesium salt of pantoprazole comprising the following steps:
• pregelatinized starch and active ingredient are suspended in a solution of Kollidon K25 (molecular weight 28000-34 000) before spraying on seed pellets.
• the invention also relates to a dosage form or pharmaceutical product comprising pellets according to the invention contained in a primary packing material.
• Suitable primary packaging materials which may be mentioned are foil sachets made of suitable foil material. Examples, which may be mentioned are four seamed foil sachets or three seamed foil sachets (which may also be referred to as stick pack). In this connection reference is also made to EP 0705204.
• Suitable foil materials which may be mentioned are aluminium composite foils.
• an individual dose of pellets is contained in such a foil sachet.
• placebo pellets i.e. pellets not containing the active ingredient
• Preferably placebo pellets are used which are comparable in size and colour to the pellets containing active ingredients.
• suitable starter pellets e.g. sucrose starter pellets
• the pellets may be mixed with a suitable glidant or anti-sticking agent to avoid sticking before filling in the foil sachet.
• suitable glidants or anti-sticking agents which may be mentioned are talc, magnesium stearate or com starch.
• Figure 1 shows the release of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole from nonpareille pellets after isolation coating and enteric coating either containing pregelatinized starch in the pellet core or containing no pregelatinized starch.
• the pellets of the examples B1-B7 and C1-C3 were produced all by fluidized bed coating in Wurster modification.
• pantoprazole Na sesquihydrate [sodium [5-[difluoromethoxy]-2-[[3,4-dimethoxy- 2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazolide]sesquihydrate] are dissolved at 20-25°C in 38.5 1 of purified water in a stirring vessel.
• a solution of 1.0 kg (4.90 mol) of magnesium dichloride hexahydrate in 8 I of purified water is added with stirring at 20-30°C in the course of 3 to 4 h.
• the precipitated solid is centrifuged, washed with 23 I of purified water, stirred at 20-30°C for 1 to 2 h in 35 1 of purified water, centrifuged again and washed again with 30-50 1 of purified water.
• the solid product is dried at 50°C in vacuo (30-50 mbar) until a residual water content of ⁇ 4.8% is achieved. The product is then ground.
• the title compound is obtained as a white to beige powder, which is employed directly for further pharmaceutical processing.
• the title compound can be produced using mixtures of organic solvents with water.
• pantoprazole Na sesquihydrate is dissolved in an organic solvent at 50-60°C.
• 0.5 mole equivalents of the magnesium salt e. g. magnesium chloride hexahydrate
• the solution is allowed to cool with stirring.
• the precipitated solid is filtered off, washed with the corresponding organic solvent and is dried in vacuo at 50°C to constant weight.
• the title compound is obtained as a colourless powder. Examples for different solvents are given in the following table 1.
• the title compound can be produced by reacting pantoprazole with a basic magnesium salt, such as magnesium methylate, for example in the following manner: 90 g of pantoprazole are dissolved in 700 ml of 2-propanol at 60-70°C. 13.4 g (0.5 moles) of solid magnesium methylate are added, the solution is allowed to cool with stirring and filtered. After addition of 36 ml of water the crystalline solid formed is filtered off, washed with water and dried in vacuo at 50°C to constant weight. The title compound of melting point 194-196°C (water content 4.8 %) is obtained as beige solid.
• a basic magnesium salt such as magnesium methylate
• I. Active pellets a.) Sucrose starter pellets (0.425-0.5 mm) 500.0 g b.) Sodium carbonate 30.0 g c.) Pregelatinized starch 30.0 g d.) Pantoprazole-Mg dihydrate 300.0 g e.) Polyvinylpyrrolidone K 25 35.0 g a. is sprayed with an aqueous suspension of b., c, d and e. in a fluidized bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• aqueous suspension of b., c, d and e. in a fluidized bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• f. is dissolved in water (A), g. and h. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and after addition of i. the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 500 g of the active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• a and B are combined and after addition of i. the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve.
• the suspension is sprayed onto 500 g of the active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• j. is suspended in water and after addition of k. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. Ill is sprayed onto 500 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed- apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc (0.75%) and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous suspension of b., c, d. and e. in a fluidized bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc (0.5%) and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• suspension layering is performed in a fluid bed apparatus or other suitable equipment as described in example B1.
• the pellets covered with intermediate layer are produced as described in example B1.
• the enteric coating layer is applied to the isolated pellets using fluidized bed equipment from a water/ethanol solution.
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of b., c, d., e. and f. in a fluidized bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• g. is dissolved in water (A), h. and i. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 2500 g of the active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• Methacrylic acid copolymer 925.0 g k.
• Polyethylene glycole 400 28.0 g
• j. is suspended in water and after addition of k. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. Ill is sprayed onto 2500 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed- apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• enteric coated pellets 2500 g are mixed with the tableting excipients and compressed into tablets using a single punch tableting machine equipped with 11 mm round punches.
• the dosage of pantoprazole is approx. 20 mg.
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the other ingredients in a fluidised bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• g. and j. are dissolved in water (A), h. and i. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto the active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• k. is suspended in water and after addition of I. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed- apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc (m) and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• g. and j. are dissolved in water (A), h. and i. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 360.0 g of active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• other suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• k. is suspended in water and after addition of I. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on 400.0 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed-apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the other ingredients in a fluidised bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• g. and j. are dissolved in water (A), h. and i. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 3000 g of active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• k. is suspended in water and after addition of I. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on 3700 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed-apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• the resulting enteric coated placebo pellets are mixed with pellets obtained under example B.5 containing 40 mg Pantoprazole at a ratio of 2:1 to reach a fill weight of approx. 500 mg. Additionally, 0.5 % talc is added to the multiparticulates. The mixture is filled in a three-seamed tubular foil sachet of aluminium foil having a length of about 70 mm and a width of 23 mm.
• b. and e. are dissolved in water (A), c. and d. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed on the sucrose starter pellets using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• f. is suspended in water and after addition of g. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve.
• the dispersion is sprayed on the isolated pellets obtained under I in a Wurster fluidised bed- apparatus or other suitable equipment (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated placebo pellets are mixed with pellets obtained under example B.5 containing 40 mg pantoprazole at a ratio of 2:1 to reach a fill weight of approx. 500 mg. Additionally, 0.5 % talc is added to the multiparticulates.
• the mixture is filled in a three-seamed tubular foil sachet of aluminium foil having a length of about 70 mm and a width of 23 mm.
• the placebo pellets obtained under example B.8 are mixed with the pantoprazole pellets obtained under example B.5 containing 80 mg pantoprazole at a ratio 1:2 to reach a fill weight of approx. 500 mg.
• As lubricant 0.5 % talc is added to the multiparticulates.
• the mixture is filled in a three-seamed tubular foil sachet of aluminium foil having a length of about 70 mm and a width of 23 mm.
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the other ingredients in a fluidised bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 88.0 g g.) Titanium dioxide 2.0 g h.) LB Iron oxide yellow 0.2 g i.) Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 37.0 g
• f. and i. are dissolved in water (A), g. and h. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 400 g of active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• j. is suspended in water and after addition of k. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on 400.0 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed-apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the other ingredients in a fluidised bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• f. and i. are dissolved in water (A), g. and h. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 3000 g of active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• j. is suspended in water and after addition of k. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on 3130 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed-apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• a. is sprayed with an aqueous dispersion of the other ingredients in a fluidised bed process (Wurster equipment) or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 88.0 g g.) Titanium dioxide 2.0 g h.) LB Iron oxide yellow 0.2 g i.) Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 37.0 g
• f. and i. are dissolved in water (A), g. and h. are suspended in water using a high shear mixer (B). A and B are combined and the resulting suspension is sieved through a suitable sieve. The suspension is sprayed onto 400 g of active pellets obtained under I using a fluidised bed process (Wurster) or other suitable processes (e.g. coating pan).
• Wurster fluidised bed process
• suitable processes e.g. coating pan
• j. is suspended in water and after addition of k. the resulting dispersion is sieved through a suitable sieve. The dispersion is sprayed on 400.0 g of the isolated pellets obtained under II in a Wurster fluidised bed-apparatus or other suitable equipments (e.g. coating pan).
• the resulting enteric coated pellets are mixed with talc and could be filled in hard gelatine capsules of suitable size (e.g. size 2) or tableted using suitable tableting ingredients (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate) on a prevalent tablet press.
• suitable size e.g. size 2
• suitable tableting ingredients e.g. microcrystalline cellulose or lactose monohydrate
• the sachet obtained under example B.8 , B.9 or B.10 is opened and the content filled into a syringe barrel. Apple juice is added into the syringe barrel to suspend the pellets. The resulting suspension is administered to a patient through a nasogastric tube with the size Charriere 14.
• the multiparticulate mixture obtained under example B.8 , B.9 or B.10 is mixed into a drink, e.g. apple juice, for consumption by a patient.
• a drink e.g. apple juice
• the sachet obtained under example B.8 , B.9 or B.10 is emptied and the multiparticulates are sprinkled on a food product, e.g. applesauce, for consumption by a patient.
• a food product e.g. applesauce
• the manufacturing process according to the invention - spraying of a suspension of pregelatinized starch together with other suitable excipients on seed pellets in a fluidized bad apparatus - can be used for economic and feasible production of nonpareille pellets containing an active ingredient, in particular acid-labile proton pump inhibitors.
• Such dosage forms may be used for the treatment of diseases which are regarded as treatable or avoidable by the use of the particular active ingredient.
• the dosage forms according to the invention containing the acid-labile proton pump inhibitor can be employed for the treatment and prevention of all the diseases, which are regarded as treatable or avoidable by the use of pyridin-2-ylmethylsulfinyl- 1 H-benzimidazoles.
• such dosage forms according to the invention can be employed in the treatment of stomach disorders.
• Examples which may be mentioned in connection with the invention are the treatment or prophylaxis of benign gastric ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, duodenal ulcer, duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori, prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric or duodenal ulcer in patients with an increased risk of gastroduodenal complication who require continued NSAID treatment or combination therapy with antibiotics in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
• Such dosage forms according to the invention contain between 1 and 500 mg, preferably between 5 and 100 mg, particularly preferable between 5 and 80 mg of the pantoprazole.
• pantoprazole magnesium salt examples which may be mentioned are tablets, capsules or foil sachets which contain the pantoprazole magnesium salt in an amount corresponding to 10, 20, 40, 50, 80 or 100 mg of pantoprazole (free acid).
• the administration of the daily dose e.g. 40 mg of active compound
• the daily dose can be carried out, for example, in the form of an individual dose or by means of a number of doses of the administration forms according to the invention (e.g. 2 times 20 mg of active compound).
• the pellets may be suspended in a suitable carrier prior to administration.
• suitable carriers which may be mentioned are physiologically acceptable carriers, preferably having a pH below 7, preferably below 6, in particular preferably below 5.5 in order to avoid dissolution of the enteric coating.
• Physiologically acceptable carriers are for example fruit juices such as apple juice or orange juice or buffer solutions.
• suitable carriers are food products such as apple sauce.
• a suspension of the pellets according to the invention in a suitable liquid may also be administered through a nasogastric tube. To this end the suspension is provided in a syringe and subsequently administered throught the nasogastric tube. This way of administration is particular suitable for pediatric patients or patients having difficulties in swallowing solid oral formulations.
• the invention therefore also relates to a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of a clinical condition in a mammal, such as a human, for which a proton pump inhibitor is indicated, which comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount pantoprazole magnesium in a dosage form according to the invention.
• the clinical condition is selected from the group of benign gastric ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, duodenal ulcer, duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori, prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric or duodenal ulcer in patients with an increased risk of gastroduodenal complication who require continued NSAID treatment and combination therapy with antibiotics in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
• the dosage forms according to the invention can be combined with other medicaments, either in various combinations or in a fixed combination.
• administration forms according to the invention which contain magnesium salt of pantoprazole as active compounds
• antimicrobial active compounds and combinations with NSAIDs nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• NSAIDs nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Combination with antimicrobial agents such as are employed for the control of the microorganism Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), may particularly be mentioned.
• antimicrobial active compounds active against Helicobacter pylori
• antimicrobial agents suitable for the control of the microorganism Helicobacter pylori which may be mentioned are, for example, bismuth salts [e.g.
• antibiotics for example penicillins (such as benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, propicillin, azidocillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, bacampicillin, ampicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin or azlocillin), cephalosporins (such as cefadroxil, cefaclor, cefalexin, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefadroxil, ceftibuten, cefpodoxime, cefotetan, cefazolin, cefoperazon, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
• aztreonam, loracarbef or meropenem enzyme inhibitors, for example sulbactam; tetracyclines, for example tetracycline, oxytetracycline, minocycline or doxycycline; aminoglycosides, for example tobramycin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, netilmicin, paromomycin or spectinomycin; amphenicols, for example chloramphenicol or thiamphenicol; lincomycins and macrolide antibiotics, for example clindamycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin or azithromycin; polypeptide antibiotics, for example colistin, polymixin B, teicoplanin or vancomycin; gyrase inhibitors, for example norfloxacin, cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, pipemidic acid
• the administration of the magnesium salt of pantoprazole with the combination of a multiplicity of antimicrobial active compounds for example with the combination of a bismuth salt and/or tetracyclines with metronidazoie or the combination of amoxicillin or clarithromycin with metronidazoie and amoxicillin with clarithromycin.

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