WO2005106456A1 - Procede permettant de detecter localement la concentration de fumee d'huile et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procede permettant de detecter localement la concentration de fumee d'huile et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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WO2005106456A1
WO2005106456A1 PCT/CN2005/000607 CN2005000607W WO2005106456A1 WO 2005106456 A1 WO2005106456 A1 WO 2005106456A1 CN 2005000607 W CN2005000607 W CN 2005000607W WO 2005106456 A1 WO2005106456 A1 WO 2005106456A1
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concentration
carbon dioxide
oil fume
oil
thermal reaction
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PCT/CN2005/000607
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Zongyan He
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Zongyan He
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/005Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods investigating the presence of an element by oxidation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a detection method and a device thereof, in particular to a method and a device for detecting an oil fume concentration.
  • Taiwanese housewives suffering from lung cancer remains high, the main reason is that they are in the environment contaminated by cooking oil fume for a long time.
  • this method requires constant velocity sampling, that is, the speed of the air flow through the filter element in the sampling machine must be completely consistent with the flow rate of the oil fume in the pipeline. This makes the structure of the sampling machine very complicated, the cost is greatly increased, and the working reliability is reduced.
  • Non-edible oils can cause serious outdoor environmental pollution due to oil smoke.
  • bitumen oil smoke Take bitumen oil smoke as an example.
  • Asphalt, coal, petroleum and asphalt-containing substances are processed, manufactured and used, heating and burning process will produce bitumen oil smoke with complex composition. Due to severe pollution of the air, the state has stipulated strict Emission standards (GB16297-1996).
  • the existing pollution source is 80 mg / m 3
  • the new pollution source is 40 mg / m 3 .
  • Chinese patent Application No. 22221112 proposes an instrument for detecting the asphalt content in a sample. The sample is burned in the combustion chamber of the instrument, and the corresponding asphalt content is calculated after measuring the reactants with an electronic balance. This device is not suitable for detecting asphalt fume concentration.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for on-site detection of oil fume concentration and an on-site detection instrument for oil fume concentration, which breaks through the previous detection mode of "collect-dissolve-analyze", and solves the problem of convenient, accurate, sensitive and rapid detection of most foods Oil and some non-edible oils are heated by the problem of soot concentration values.
  • This method for on-site detection of oil fume concentration is characterized in that: artificially controlled chemical reactions are used to fully oxidize the oil fume contained in the air to generate carbon dioxide and water, and establish the oil fume concentration and the carbon dioxide generated by its oxidation reaction The quantitative relationship between the concentrations is converted into the oil fume concentration value by detecting the change of the carbon dioxide concentration in the air before and after the reaction.
  • the detection step is ⁇
  • step (3) Subtract the carbon dioxide concentration value detected in step (1) from the carbon dioxide concentration value detected in step (1), which is worth the difference, and then based on the previously established soot concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration generated after the soot is completely oxidized. Correspondence table between them, and the difference is converted into the measured oil fume concentration value.
  • the conventional method refers to the standard method prescribed by the state.
  • reaction environment temperature of the thermal reaction chamber in the above (2) not less than 150 ° C and not more than 850 ° C; residence time: the soot-containing gas flow in the high-temperature reaction environment is not less than 0.05 seconds; oxygen supply: reaction The environment has an excessive supply of oxygen, so that aerosol particles formed by oil fume can be fully refined.
  • the thermal energy for maintaining the temperature of the reaction environment of the thermal reaction chamber in the above (2) comes from chemical energy, electric energy or electromagnetic energy.
  • the above (2) middle oxide catalyst is anatase-type titanium dioxide or aluminum oxide.
  • This oil fume concentration on-site detector is characterized in that it includes a tubular thermal reaction chamber with an air inlet and an air outlet.
  • the order from the air inlet to the air outlet is a thermal reaction section, a cooling section, and a detection section, and the cooling Segments are small to large in diameter
  • the bell-shaped, tubular thermal reaction chamber is provided with a fan at the air inlet, a heating element and a heating element support are disposed in the thermal reaction section, and a carbon dioxide gas detector is disposed in the detection section.
  • the thermal reaction section is connected to a temperature display.
  • the heating element of the thermal reaction section is an electric heating element, an electromagnetic heating element, or a chemical heating element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an on-site detection instrument for oil fume concentration according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the detection work of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 Refer to FIG. 1: According to the principle and technology of the oil fume concentration detection proposed by the present invention, a specific on-site oil fume concentration detector can be designed.
  • the on-site detector for oil smoke concentration in the embodiment includes a tubular thermal reaction chamber 4 having an air inlet 19 and an air outlet 10. The sequence from the air inlet to the air outlet is a thermal reaction section 5, a cooling section 8, and a detection section 9,
  • the cooling section has a bell mouth shape with a diameter ranging from small to large, of course, it can also have other shapes with varying diameters.
  • the tubular thermal reaction chamber is provided with a fan 1 at the air inlet, and a heating element 6 and a heating element support are placed in the thermal reaction section.
  • a carbon dioxide gas detector 11 is placed in the detection section, and a thermocouple probe of the temperature display 20 is inserted into the thermal reaction section 5.
  • the heating element of the thermal reaction section can be an electric heating element, an electromagnetic heating element or a chemical heating element. Set outside the thermal reaction room.
  • the working process of the oil fume concentration on-site detector is as follows: First, turn off the heating element switch 14, turn on the fan 1, and generate negative pressure through the rotation of the fan blade 2.
  • the air flow containing oil fume to be measured is drawn into the thermal reaction chamber, and the air flows through the thermal reaction that has not been heated.
  • Section 5 and cooling section 8 enter detection section 9 and the carbon dioxide gas detector 11 contained in the air stream is transmitted to the data after detection.
  • Management-display 12 is stored.
  • turn off the motor switch 15 to stop collecting soot. Turn on the heating element switch and wait for a period of time to make the temperature display 20 show that the temperature of the thermal reaction section 5 has risen to a certain level.
  • the soot contained in it is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water when it passes through the high-temperature thermal reaction section 5.
  • the airflow is cooled by the cooling section 8 and enters the detection section.
  • the carbon dioxide contained in it consists of two parts, one is the original carbon dioxide contained in the air, and the other is the carbon dioxide produced by the oxidation reaction of soot.
  • This carbon dioxide is detected by the carbon dioxide gas detector 11, the data is transmitted to the processing-display 12, and the original stored carbon dioxide value (that is, the carbon dioxide originally contained in the air) is subtracted to obtain the carbon dioxide value completely obtained from the soot oxygen, and the display is processed. This value is automatically converted into a fume concentration value and displayed on display ⁇ 13.
  • the original carbon dioxide concentration in the air can also be detected while the heating element is turned on to detect the oil fume concentration, and the two types of collected carbon dioxide concentration values can be input into the data processing-display at the same time. value.
  • FIG. 2 The working process of the oil fume concentration detection proposed by the present invention is shown in Figure 2: After the oil fume-containing airflow is sucked, the airflow is divided into two parts, one part directly detects the carbon dioxide concentration, and after the detection, the oil fume is discharged, and the data is transmitted to the data processing part. ; The other part of the airflow is heated, cooled, and the carbon dioxide is detected to discharge the oil fume, and the data is also transmitted to the data processing part; after the analysis of the data processing part, the oil fume concentration is displayed.
  • the principle of the invention is used to make the oil fume contained in the air fully oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water, to establish a quantitative relationship between the oil fume concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration generated by the oxidation reaction. Changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air without reaction will be converted to the concentration of soot
  • edible oil fume refers to the smoke-like substance produced by edible vegetable or animal oil under heating, which mainly exists in the form of aerosol, and also contains a small amount of oil molecules and other intermediate product molecules.
  • oils and fats are a general term for higher fatty acid glycerides. Those that are liquid at room temperature are called oils, and those that are solid are called fats.
  • the composition of different natural edible oils and fats may be different, but they are all composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • soot aerosol particles In order for the soot aerosol particles to be fully oxidized and to ensure that carbon dioxide and water are generated during the treatment without generating carbon monoxide, the following conditions need to be met.
  • Both of the above reactions are exothermic, but generally the oil fume concentration is not very high, and the heat generated by the reaction is not enough to maintain the continuity of the reaction. Sufficient external thermal energy must be provided to ensure a minimum reaction temperature.
  • the temperature should not be less than 500 ° C.
  • the temperature is preferably not less than 550 ° -600 ° (: using a specific catalyst, this temperature can be appropriately reduced, but it must not be lower than 150 ° C.
  • the excessive reaction environment temperature will also affect the accuracy of the detection. First, it is easy to carbonize the oil fume quickly to form so-called black smoke, which cannot be detected by the carbon dioxide detector, making the detection result low.
  • the reaction environment temperature is preferably not higher than 850 ° C. From the perspective of energy sources, maintain the reaction Environmental thermal energy can come from chemical, electrical or electromagnetic energy.
  • the residence time required for complete oxidation and combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons in a thermal combustion furnace is 0.3 to 0.5 seconds.
  • the residence time of cooking fume in the high-temperature region of a specific reaction chamber is preferably not less than 0.3 seconds.
  • the residence time must not be less than 0.05 seconds
  • the conventional oil fume sampling method (that is, extracting directly with an exhaust fan in the air) has taken in sufficient oxygen while extracting the oil fume.
  • a catalyst can reduce the temperature required for oil fume oxidation, improve the reaction efficiency, and promote the further decomposition and oxidation of intermediate products.
  • Metal oxides can withstand high temperatures and are not easily poisoned and ineffective in an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • Anatase titanium dioxide is one of the catalysts of choice.
  • the service life of a catalyst depends on various factors such as the type, quality, operating temperature, gas composition, concentration and flow rate of the catalyst. Of course, other high temperature resistant catalysts can also be selected.
  • a detection technology for the fumes or edible oil fume concentration can be formed, one of which consists of the following steps ⁇
  • the method proposed by the present invention is used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide after the oil fume produced by each sample oil is continuously heated into carbon dioxide and water.
  • the detection principle of non-edible oil fume is similar to that of edible oil. Take bitumen smoke as an example. The contents of smoke are divided into gas and liquid phases. 0 ⁇ ⁇ The liquid phase is a very fine volatile condensate, the particle size is mostly between 0. 1-1. 0 ⁇ .
  • the composition is mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a small amount of heterocyclic compounds.
  • the gas phase is a mixture of different gases. Many of the constituents of asphalt fume are carcinogens. Low-concentration and extremely dispersed asphalt fume is difficult to purify by conventional methods. The combustion method is currently one of the commonly used methods.
  • the burning time is not less than 0.5 seconds and the oxygen supply is sufficient, the main components in the smoke can be oxidized to generate carbon dioxide and water. Insufficient temperature or too short time may cause insufficient oxidation. However, if the temperature is too high and the time is too long, part of the asphalt smoke will be carbonized into particles and discharged as a powder, causing secondary pollution. Therefore, the edible oil and oil fume concentration detection technology provided by the present invention can also be used for on-site detection of asphalt fume concentration, but the required reaction chamber temperature should be higher and the required reaction time should be longer. If a catalyst is used, the required temperature and time conditions can be appropriately relaxed. For example, for bitumen smoke, the required reaction temperature of the honeycomb ceramic non-precious metal catalyst using aluminum oxide as the support can be reduced from more than 700 ° C to about 400 ° C.

Description

现场检测油烟浓度的方法及油烟浓度现场检测仪
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测方法及其设备, 特别是一种油烟浓度的检测方法及其设备。
背景技术
人类的大多数活动是在室内进行的。 室内环境的污染可导致多种疾病。 烹调产生的油 烟和刺激性异味气体是主要的室内环境污染源之一。 当烹调温度高于 130°C时, 从食用油 脂中开始产生油烟, 会对人们的呼吸和循环系统造成损害。 特别是温度达到 230- 280"C时, 油烟中可能产生某些致癌物质。据台湾卫生署分析, 台湾家庭主妇患肺癌的比例居高不下, 主要原因即是长期处于烹调油烟污染的环境中。 南京市调査发现, 人群中 51. 6°/。的肺鳞癌 和 61. 0%的肺腺癌的发生归因于家庭油烟污染。 众所周知, 餐饮业钵放的油烟和有害物质 会造成更严重的环境污染。 厨房中油烟雾浓度可髙达 25rag/in3以上。 许多国家, 包括中国, 已经制定了相关的法律以控制其排放。 同时, 厨房油烟雾的采样和成份分析以及油烟浓度 的现场检测都是环保领域当务之急的课题之一。 前者已经有较成熟的技术和设备, 但后者 的研究还相对落后。 由于烹饪习惯的差异, 国外对食用油油烟净化和检测技术的研究兴趣 不大, 尚未开发出现场检测油烟浓度的设备, 难以寻找到直接相关的技术。美国专利(申请 号 5, 849, 596)提出了一种测定食用油油烟浓度的方法, 即先加热确定量的食用油到一定 温度, 再用硫酸吸收产生的油烟, 再通过已制定好的色谱-浓度标示对照确定酸液中溶解的 油烟凝结物浓度, 最后换算成所测油烟雾浓度。这种方法的准确性不会很高, 色谱-浓度标 示制作难度大, 用硫酸吸收油烟的效率不可能很高, 主要用于实验室研 , 不可能用于烹 饪现场的快速检测。
国内对饮食业烹饪油细的排放标准和测量手段已颁布了一套试行法规 (GB18483- 2001, 2002年 1月 1日实行)。 该方法是先用特别的采样机在规定的条件下对油烟雾采样,、让含 油烟雾的气流通过装有不锈钢丝网滤芯的采集头以截留微小的油烟气溶胶颗粒。 然后将收 集了油烟的滤芯取出放于盛有四氯化碳溶剂的容器中,在超声波作用下让油烟凝结物溶解, 将溶有油烟凝结物的溶剂移入比色管中定容, 最后, 用红外分光光度法测出其油烟含量, 再换称成所测的油烟浓度。 整个过程一般需数天时间, 这对于需现场快速获得检测结果的 情况, 例如环保监管人员到餐厅检测油烟排放是否合乎标准, 显然不太适用。 此外, 由于 油烟气溶胶颗粒的惯性比气体分子的惯性大得多, 当气流流过滤芯时, 颗粒物将由于惯性 撞击到滤料表面而被截留, 这种惯性沉降作用与气流速度相关。 因此, 为保证测量的准确 性, 该方法要求等速采样, 即采样机内通过滤芯的气流速度须与油烟在管道中的流速完全 一致。 这使得采样机的结构变得十分复杂, 成本大为上升, 而工作可靠性则降低。
非食用油(如煤焦油, 木焦油, 矿物油和天然沥青等)受热产生的油烟雾会造成严重的 室外环境污染。 以沥青油烟雾为例, 凡加工, 制造和使用沥青, 煤炭, 石油及含沥青的物 质, 在加热和燃烧的过程中均会产生成分复杂的沥青油烟, 由于严重污染空气, 国家已规 定了严格的排放标准 (GB16297- 1996)。 现有污染源为 80mg/m3, 新污染源为 40mg/m3。 目前 对这类油烟雾浓度的检测仍缺少完备的手段。 中国专利(申请号 02221112)提出一种检测样 品中沥青含量的仪器, 是将样品在仪器的燃烧室中燃烧, 用电子天平测量反应物后计算出 相应沥青含量, 该设备并不适合检测沥青油烟浓度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种现场检测油烟浓度的方法及油烟浓度现场检测仪, 突破以往 "收集一溶解一分析"的检测模式, 解决方便、 准确、 灵敏和快速地现场检测出绝大多数 食用油和部分非食用油受热产生的油烟浓度值的问题。 '
本发明的技术方案: 这种现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 采用人工控制的化 学反应, 使空气中所含油烟被充分氧化生成二氧化碳和水, 建立油烟浓度和其氧化反应生 成的二氧化碳浓度之间的定量关系, 通过检测反应前、 后的情况下空气中二氧化碳浓度的 变化而换算成油烟浓度值; 其检测步骤为-
( 1 )、 抽取待测的含油烟空气, 用常规方法检测抽取气流中的二氧化碳浓度值; (2)、 抽取待测的含油烟空气, 让抽取的含油烟空气气流进入热反应室, 使油烟在热 反应室内被充分氧化, 再检测从热反应室排出气流中的二氧化碳浓度值;
(3 )、 用步骤 (2 ) 检测出的二氧化碳浓度值减去步骤 (1 ) 检测出的二氧化碳浓度值 得差值, 再根据事先建立的油烟浓度和该浓度的油烟被完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳浓度之 间的对应关系表, 将该差值换算成所测油烟浓度值。
上述(1 ) 中, 常规方法是指国家规定的标准方法。
上述(2) 中的热反应室的反应环境温度: 不低于 150°C和不高于 850°C; 滞留时间: 含油烟气流在高温反应环境不少于 0. 05秒; 氧气供应: 反应环境有过剩的氧气供应, 使 油烟形成的气溶胶粒子能充分细化。
上述(2) 中维持热反应室反应环境温度的热能来自化学能, 电能或电磁能。
上述 (2) 中热反应室中使用氧化物催化剂, 降低反应持续进行所需的反应环境温度, 促进油烟和部分中间产物的进一步分解和氧化。
上述 (2) 中氧化物催化剂为锐钛型二氧化钛或三氧化二铝。
上述(3)中, 建立油烟浓度和该浓度的油烟被完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳浓度之间的 对应关系表的步骤为: ·
a、用常规方法, 采集各份样品油在持续加热时不燃烧产生的油烟, 得到相应的不同加 热温度下的油烟浓度值;
b、 用 (2) 中的方法, 取第一种样品油, 分成等份, 采用能控温的非燃烧型的加热设 备, 选择从 100°C至 450°C区间不同梯度的加热温度, 分别对各份样品油持续加热, 测量各 份样品油持续加热时产生的油烟转化为二氧化碳和水后的二氧化碳浓度值;
c、将前述两歩骤中得出的油烟浓度值和二氧化碳浓度值一一对照, 可得到此种样品油 的油烟浓度值和对应二氧化碳浓度值之间的对应关系表。
d、 依此类推, 对其它样品油进行操作, 得到相应的对应关系表。
这种油烟浓度现场检测仪, 其特征在于: 它包括一个具有进风口和排风口的管形热反 应室, 自进风口至排风口顺序是热反应段、 冷却段、 检测段, 其冷却段为直径由小至大的 喇叭口形, 管形热反应室在进风口处设有风机, 在热反应段置有加热元件和加热元件支撑 件, 在检测段置有二氧化碳气体检测器。
上述热反应段连接温度显示器。
上述热反应段的加热元件是电加热元件、 电磁加热元件或化学加热元件。
有益效果: 突破以往 "收集一溶解一分析" 的检测模式, 解决现场检测出绝大多数食 用油和部分非食用油受热产生的油烟浓度值的问题, 具有检测方便、 快速、 准确、 灵敏的 特点, 适用于绝大多数食用油和部分非食用油的油烟浓度检测。
附图说明
图 1是本发明油烟浓度现场检测仪实施例的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明的检测工作流程图。
图中: 1一风机、 2—风扇叶、 3—支撑架、 4一热反应室、 5—热反应段、 6—加热元件、 7—加热元件支撑件、 8—冷却段、 9一检测段、 10—排风口、 11一二氧化碳气体检测器、 12 一数据处理-显示器、 13—数据显示屏、 14一加热元件开关、 15—风机电机开关、 16—电机 变压器、 17—电源插头、 18—导线、 19一进风口、 20—温度显示器、 21—热电偶探头。 具体实施方式
实施例一参见图 1 : 根据本发明提出的油烟浓度检测原理和技术, 可以设计出具体的 油烟浓度现场检测仪。 实施例中的油烟浓度现场检测仪包括一个具有进风口 19 和排风口 10的管形热反应室 4, 自进风口至排风口顺序是热反应段 5、 冷却段 8、 检测段 9, 其冷却 段为直径由小至大的喇叭口形, 当然也可以是直径渐变的其它形状, 管形热反应室在进风 口处设有风机 1, 在热反应段置有加热元件 6和加热元件支撑件 7, 在检测段置有二氧化碳 气体检测器 11, 热反应段 5内插入温度显示器 20的热电偶探头, 热反应段的加热元件可 以选择电加热元件、 电磁加热元件或化学加热元件, 甚至可以设置在热反应室外。
油烟浓度现场检测仪的工作过程如下: 首先关闭加热元件开关 14, 开启风机 1, 通过 风扇叶 2旋转产生负压, 将待测的含油烟气流抽入热反应室, 气流通过尚未加热的热反应 段 5和冷却段 8后进入检测段 9, 气流中所含二氧化碳气体检测器 11检测后传送到数据处 理-显示器 12储存。 然后关闭电机开关 15, 停止收集油烟。 开启加热元件开关 , 等待一 段时间,使温度显示器 20显示出热反应段 5的温度已升到一定水平后。开启风机电机开关 15, 让待测含油烟气流进入热反应室的进风口 19, 其中所含油烟在通过高温热反应段 5时 被氧化成二氧化碳和水, 气流经过冷却段 8冷却后进入检测段 9, 其中所含的二氧化碳由 两部分组成, 一是原来空气中所含的二氧化碳, 另一部分则是油烟氧化反应生成的二氧化 碳。这些二氧化碳被二氧化碳气体检测器 11检测, 数据传送到处理-显示器 12中后减去原 储存的二氧化碳值 (即空气中本来所含的二氧化碳), 得到完全从油烟氧中获得的二氧化碳 值, 处理显示器自动将此值换算成油烟浓度值, 并显示在显示屛 13上。
为了提高检测的准确性, 还可以在开启加热元件检测油烟浓度的同时检测空气中原有 的二氧化碳浓度, 将收集的两种二氧化碳浓度值同时输入数据处理 -显示器, 相减后转换成 寘实油烟浓度值。
本发明提出的油烟浓度检测工作流程如图 2所示: 在含油烟气流抽吸后, 将气流均分 为两部分, 一部分直接检测二氧化碳浓度, 检测后将油烟排放, 将数据传输至数据处理部 分; 另一部分气流经加热处理、 气流冷却、 二氧化碳检测后将油烟排放, 将数据也传输至 数据处理部分; 经数据处理部分的分析后, 进行油烟浓度显示。
本发明的原理: 采用人工控制的化学反应方法使空气中所含油烟被充分氧化生成二氧 化碳和水, 建立油烟浓度和氧化反应生成的二氧化碳浓度之间的定量关系, 通过检测反应 前后, 或者反应与不反应的情况下空气中二氧化碳浓度的变化而换算成油烟的浓度值。
所谓食用油油烟是指供食用的植物或动物油脂在加热情况下产生的烟雾状物质, 主要 以气溶胶形式存在, 还含有少量油分子和其它中间产物分子。
众所周知, 油脂是高级脂肪酸甘油酯的通称。 室温下为液态的称为油, 为固态的称为 脂肪。 不同天然食用油脂的组成可能不相同, 但均是由碳, 氢和氧三种元素构成。
在温度合适, 空气供应充分的条件下, 由食用油油烟中的气溶胶粒子能够被充分氧化, 生 成二氧化碳和水。 其反应通式可写为-
CxHyOz+ (X+Y/4) (02+3. 76N2) =XC02+Y/2¾0+ (3. 76X+0. 94Y) N2 (1) 其中 X, Y和 Z分别代表油分子中碳, 氢和氧的原子数, (02+3. 76N2)代表空气的组成。 如果空气的供给不充分, 则可能生成一氧化碳-
CxHvOz+ [ (X+W) /2+Y/4] (02+3. 76N2) = (X-W) C02+WC0+Y/2H20+ [ 1. 88 (X+W) +0. 94Y] N2 (2) 其中 W代表一氧化碳的摩尔数。
为了使油烟气溶胶粒子被充分氧化并保证在处理过程中生成二氧化碳和水而不产生一 氧化碳, 需要满足下列条件。
1、 适当的反应环境温度
上述两个反应均是放热反应, 但一般油烟浓度不会很高, 反应产生的热不足以维持反应的 持续进行。 必须提供足够的外来热能以保证起码的反应温度。 对一般碳氢化合物, 该温度 不应低于 500°C。对于食用植物油烟中的气溶胶粒子的氧化,该温度最好不低于 550°- 600° (:。 使用特定的催化剂, 可以适当降低这一温度, 但也不得低于 150°C。 另一方面, 过髙的反应 环境温度也会影响检测的准确性。 一是易使油烟迅速碳化形成所谓黑烟, 不能被二氧化碳 检测仪检测, 使检测结果偏低。。另方面, 过高的温度可使一部分伴随油烟的异味气体分解 或氧化, 生成更多的二氧化碳和水, 使检测结果偏高。。根据实验, 反应环境温度最好不高 于 850°C。从能源形式的角度看,维持反应环境髙温的热能可以来自化学能,电能或电磁能。
2、 足够长的反应时间
工业上常用热力燃烧炉消除空气中的气态碳氢化合物。 一般气态碳氢化合物在热力燃 烧炉内完全氧化燃烧所需的滞留时间为 0. 3- 0. 5秒。根据实验, 要使气溶胶粒子充分氧化, 烹调油烟在特定反应室的高温区内的滞留时间最好不低于 0. 3秒。
在有催化剂存在的情况下, 滞留时间也得不低于 0. 05秒
3、 足够多的氧气供应
为了使油烟能充分氧化, 不产生一氧化碳和其它中间产物, 必须保证反应时有足够多 的氧气。 常规的油烟采样方法(即在空气中直接用抽风机抽取)在抽取油烟的同时已附带抽 入了足够的氧气。
4、 够小而弥散的油雾形态 一般情况下, 油分子一旦离开高热的环境, 温度将立即下降, 并很快形成气溶胶粒子。 随温度进一步下降, 这些粒子可通过相互吞并而长大。 如遇到更冷的固体表面, 如风机的 扇叶, 将凝结为油液, 粘附其上。 如果进入反应时油烟雾中气溶胶粒子过大, 在有限的反 应时间内, 仅粒子表层的油分子能被氧化, 其余的分子将不能被氧化。 所以油烟雾最好呈 弥散的雾态。
5、 釆用催化剂
采用催化剂可以降低油烟氧化所需的温度, 提髙反应效率, 促进中间产物的进一步分 解和氧化。 金属氧化物能耐高温, 在氧化气氛下不容易中毒失效。 锐钛型二氧化钛是可供 选择的催化剂之一。一般而言, 催化剂的使用寿命取决于催化剂的种类, 质量, 使用温度, 气流成分, 浓度和流量等多种因素。 当然也可以选择其它耐高温的催化剂。
根据上述原理, 可以形成食用油或非食用油油烟浓度的检测技术, 其中一种由下列步 骤构成-
1、 利用抽风机产生的一定负压抽取待测的含油烟空气。
2、 用二氧化碳检测仪检测抽取气流中的二氧化碳浓度。
3、 开启特定反应室内设置的热源, 使反应室保持不低于 150°C不髙于 850flC的温度。
4、 利用抽风机产生的同等负压抽取待测的含油烟空气。
5、 让抽取的含油烟的空气气流以一定速度通过反应室的入口进入反应室。
6、 让气流在反应室内的停留时间不小于 0. 05秒, 使所含油烟被充分氧化。
7、 用二氧化碳检测仪检测从反应室排出的气流中的二氧化碳浓度。
8、建立油烟浓度和该浓度的油烟被完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳浓度之间的一一对应关 系。 ·
9、根据上述关系,用步骤 7得到的通过反应室的气流中检测出的二氧化碳浓度减去在 步骤 2中得到的未通过反应室的气流中检测出的二氧化碳浓度, 将差值换算成所测油烟浓 度。 建立油烟浓度和对应的二氧化碳浓度之间的关系有多种方法。 其中之一是关于食用油 油烟浓度和对应的二氧化碳浓度之间的关系, 可由下列步骤在实验室完成: 1、 取第一种样品油(如菜油), 分成若干份, 采用能控温的非燃烧型的加热设备(目的 是避免燃料燃烧产生的二氧化碳的干扰),选择从 100 C至 450eC区间的若干不同加热温度, 分别对各份样品油持续加热。
2、用 GB18483- 2001规定的方法采集各份样品油在特定温度下持续加热时产生的油烟。
3、用本发明提出的方法测量各份样品油持续加热时产生的油烟转化为二氧化碳和水后 的二氧化碳浓度。
4、 用 GB18483- 2001规定的方法对步骤 2中釆集的各份油烟样本进行分析, 得到相应 的不同加热温度下的油烟浓度值。
5、将步骤 3和 4中得出的值一一对照, 可得到此种样品油的油烟浓度和对应二氧化碳 浓度之间的经验关系, 可进一步用数值拟合方法得到相应的经验公式或图表。
6、 按上述步骤对第二种或更多的样品油进行实验分析, 得到相应的经验公式或图表。
7、 以上述方程式(1)为基础, 从理论上估算出一定量的油完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳 量, 再换算成油烟浓度和对应二氧化碳浓度之间的近似关系, 以此验证前述实验结果是否 合理。
非食用油油烟浓度的检测原理与食用油的类似。 以沥青烟为例。 烟中所含物分为气相 和液相两类。 液相是十分细微的挥发冷凝物, 粒径多在 0. 1-1. 0μπι之间。 成分主要是多环 芳烃, 还有少量杂环化合物。 气相部分是不同气体的混合物。 沥青烟中的许多成分是致癌 物。 浓度不高又极为分散的沥青烟难用常规方法净化。 目前燃烧法是常用的方法之一。 在 温度超过 790°C,燃烧时间不小于 0. 5秒且供氧充分的条件下,烟中主要成分都能被氧化生 成二氧化碳和水。 温度不够或时间太短, 氧化会不充分。 但温度过高, 时间过长, 会使部 分沥青烟碳化为颗粒, 以粉末形式排出, 造成二次污染。 所以, 本发明提出的食用油油烟 浓度检测技术也可用于沥青烟浓度的现场捡测, 但所需反应室温度应较高, 所需反应时间 应较长。 如果采用催化剂, 但所需的温度和时间条件可以适当放宽。 比如对于沥青烟, 采 用以三氧化二铝为载体的蜂窝陶瓷非贵金属催化剂, 所需反应室温可由 700°C 以上降到 400°C左右。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 釆用人工控制的化学反应, 使空气中 所含油烟被充分氧化生成二氧化碳和水, 建立油烟浓度和其氧化反应生成的二氧化碳浓度 之间的定量关系, 通过检测反应前、 后的情况下空气中二氧化碳浓度的变化而换算成油烟 浓度值; 其检测步骤为:
( 1 )、 抽取待测的含油烟空气, 用常规方法检测抽取气流中的二氧化碳浓度值;
(2)、 抽取待测的含油烟空气, 让抽取的含油烟空气气流进入热反应室, 使油烟在热 反应室内被充分氧化, 再检测从热反应室排出气流中的二氧化碳浓度值;
(3)、 用步骤 (2)检测出的二氧化碳浓度值减去步骤 (1 )检测出的二氧化碳浓度值 得差值, 再根据事先建立的油烟浓度和该浓度的油烟被完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳浓度之 间的对应关系表, 将该差值换算成所测油烟浓度值。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述 (1 ) 中, 常 规方法是指国家规定的标准方法。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述(2) 中的热 反应室的反应环境温度: 不低于 150eC和不高于 850eC; 滞留时间: 含油烟气流在髙温反应 环境不少于 0. 05秒; 氧气供应: 反应环境有过剩的氧气供应, 使油烟形成的气溶胶粒子 能充分细化。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 3所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述 (2) 中 维持热反应室反应环境温度的热能来自化学能, 电能或电磁能。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述(2) 中热反 应室中使用氧化物催化剂, 降低反应持续进行所需的反应环境温度, 促进油烟和部分中间 产物的进一步分解和氧化。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述 (2) 中氧化 物催化剂为锐钛型二氧化钛或三氧化二铝。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的现场检测油烟浓度的方法, 其特征在于: 所述(3 ) 中, 建 立油烟浓度和该浓度的油烟被完全氧化后产生的二氧化碳浓度之间的对应关系表的步骤 为:
a、用常规方法, 采集各份样品油在持续加热时不燃烧产生的油烟, 得到相应的不同加 热温度下的油烟浓度值;
b、 用 (2) 中的方法, 取第一种样品油, 分成等份, 采用能控温的非燃烧型的加热设 备, 选择从 100 C至 450°C区间不同梯度的加热温度, 分别对各份样品油持续加热, 测量各 份样品油持续加热时产生的油烟转化为二氧化碳和水后的二氧化碳浓度值;
c、将前述两步骤中得出的油烟浓度值和二氧化碳浓度值一一对照, 可得到此种样品油 的油烟浓度值和对应二氧化碳浓度值之间的对应关系表。
d、 依此类推, 对其它样品油进行操作, 得到相应的对应关系表。
8、一种油烟浓度现场检测仪, 其特征在于: 它包括一个具有进风口和排风口的管形热 反应室, 自进风口至排风口顺序是热反应段、 冷却段、 检测段, 其冷却段为直径由小至大 的喇叭口形, 管形热反应室在进风口处设有风机, 在热反应段置有加热元件和加热元件支 撑件, 在检测段置有二氧化碳气体检测器。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的油烟浓度现场检测仪, 其特征在于: 所述热反应段连接温度 显示器。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的油烟浓度现场检测仪, 其特征在于: 所述热反应段的 加热元件是电加热元件、 电磁加热元件或化学加热元件。
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