WO2005103107A1 - Offenzellige schaumstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung - Google Patents
Offenzellige schaumstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005103107A1 WO2005103107A1 PCT/EP2005/003920 EP2005003920W WO2005103107A1 WO 2005103107 A1 WO2005103107 A1 WO 2005103107A1 EP 2005003920 W EP2005003920 W EP 2005003920W WO 2005103107 A1 WO2005103107 A1 WO 2005103107A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/778—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3893—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing silicon
- C08G18/3895—Inorganic compounds, e.g. aqueous alkalimetalsilicate solutions; Organic derivatives thereof containing no direct silicon-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
- C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
- C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/807—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with nitrogen containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/80—Masked polyisocyanates
- C08G18/8061—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/8083—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen
- C08G18/809—Masked polyisocyanates masked with compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen with compounds containing at least one heteroatom other than oxygen or nitrogen containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
- C08J9/0071—Nanosized fillers, i.e. having at least one dimension below 100 nanometers
- C08J9/008—Nanoparticles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/009—Use of pretreated compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/05—Open cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are open
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modified open-cell foams with a density in the range from 5 to 1000 kg / m 3 , an average pore diameter in the range from 1 ⁇ m and 1 mm, a BET surface area in the range from 0.1 to 50 m 2 / g and a sound absorption level in the range of more than 50% at a frequency of 2000 Hz with a layer thickness of 50 mm, containing in the range from 1 to 4000 ppm, based on the weight of the unmodified open-cell foam, fixed particles (b) with an average diameter ( Number average) in the range from 5 nm to 900 nm.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation according to the invention open-celled "it foams and the use of inventive offenzel- liger foams for production of automobile parts, filters, or air conditioning systems.
- Foams especially so-called open-cell foams
- Open-cell foams made of synthetic materials in particular have proven to be versatile. Examples include seat cushions, filter materials, air conditioning systems and automotive parts.
- attempts are being made to use open-cell foams in ventilation systems in automobiles in order to enable draft-free ventilation in automobiles.
- previous attempts have not been successful. It has been observed, for example, that sound absorption is insufficient and that passengers in the car interior complain about a high level of noise pollution.
- the service life of previously known open-cell foams has proven to be insufficient.
- WO 02/062881 From WO 02/062881 it is known that surface-modified nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 100 nm can be incorporated into foam, which are suitable, for example, as a component of formulations for hair care (page 19, line 19) or for other personal care products.
- surface-modified nanoparticles - optionally combined with a solvent - are mixed with a mixture and then foamed (example 1, page 24, line 8 ff., Page 25, line 16 ff., Page 26, line 15 ff.).
- the surface-modified nanoparticles according to WO 02/062881 are therefore embedded in the foam and no longer or only to a small extent on the surface of the foam.
- the object was therefore to provide foams which avoid the disadvantages of the materials known from the prior art. There was towards the task of providing a process for producing new foams.
- the modified foams according to the invention are open-cell foams, i.e. such foams in which at least 50% of all the slats are open, preferably 60 to 100% and particularly preferably 65 to 99.9%, determined according to DIN ISO 4590.
- the modified foams according to the invention are preferably hard foams, for the purposes of the present invention are foams which, at a compression of 40%, have a compression hardness of 1 kPa or more, determined in accordance with DIN 53577.
- Modified foams according to the invention have a density in the range from 5 to 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably 6 to 300 kg / m 3 and particularly preferably in the range from 7 to 100 kg / m 3 .
- Modified foams according to the invention have an average pore diameter (number average) in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m, determined by evaluating microscopic images of sections.
- Modified foams according to the invention have a BET surface area in the range from 0.1 to 50 m 2 / g, preferably 0.5 to 20 m 2 / g, determined according to DIN 66131.
- Modified foams according to the invention have a sound absorption level of over 50%, preferably at least 90%, in special cases up to 100%, measured according to DIN 52215 at a frequency of 2000 Hz and a layer thickness of the foam in question of 50 mm.
- modified foams according to the invention have a sound absorption level of more than 0.5, in special cases up to 1, measured according to DIN 52212 at a frequency of 2000 Hz and a layer thickness of the foam in question of 40 mm.
- Modified foams according to the invention contain in the range from 1 to 4000 ppm, based on the weight of the corresponding unmodified foam, fixed particles (b) with an average diameter (number average) in the range from 5 nm to 900 nm, preferably 6 to 500 nm and particularly preferably 8 to 100 nm.
- Particles (b) are preferably inorganic particles that can be chemically modified.
- Particles (b) very particularly preferably carry functional groups which enable particles (b) to bind to the unmodified foam.
- Particularly preferred functional groups are isocyanate groups, blocked or not blocked, hydroxyl groups, methylol groups, amino groups, oxirane groups, aziridine groups, keto groups, aldehyde groups, carboxylic anhydride groups and carboxyl groups, which are used for the covalent attachment of particles (b) by, for example, addition reactions, condensation reactions, coupling reactions and especially enable the unmodified foam by etherification reactions or esterification reactions or urethane formation reactions.
- Other preferred functional groups are those which enable the formation of non-covalent interactions of particles (b) with unmodified foam, for example ionic interactions, dipolar interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions.
- Examples of particularly suitable inorganic materials for particles (b) are:
- Metals, metal chalcogenides such as oxides or sulfides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates, for example: CaCO 3, alumina, titania, "calcium sulfide, calcium umselenid, graphite, and in particular silica, for example colloidal silica or fumed silica are especially preferred CaCO 3.
- Examples of particularly suitable organic materials for particles (b) are crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers which can be prepared by radical, anionic, cationic, metal-catalyzed polymerization, by polyaddition, polycondensation or other polymerization processes, for example polystyrene, polyacrylates (MMA, MA), polybutadiene , Polysiloxanes, polycarbonate, polyesters, polyamides, polysulphones, polyether ketones, polyurethanes, polyoxymethylene, polyolefins, aminoplasts, for example melamine, formaldehyde resin or urea-formaldehyde resins, in particular melamine-formaldehyde resins, furthermore epoxy resins, but also Polymers from natural products, for example polysaccharides, cellulose.
- crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers which can be prepared by radical, anionic, cationic, metal-catalyzed polymerization, by polyaddition, polycondensation or other polymer
- modified foams according to the invention are those based on synthetic organic foam, for example based on organic unmodified foams such as foams based on urea-formaldehyde resins, foams based on phenol-formaldehyde Resins and in particular foams based on polyurethanes or aminoplast-formaldehyde resins, in particular melamine-formaldehyde resins, the latter also being referred to as polyurethane foams or melamine foams in the context of the present invention.
- foams according to the invention are produced from open-cell foams which comprise synthetic organic materials, preferably polyurethane foams or melamine foams.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the production of modified foams according to the invention, hereinafter also called the production process according to the invention.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention is characterized in that
- the foams (a) used to carry out the process according to the invention are also generally referred to as unmodified foams.
- the starting point is open-cell foams (a), in particular foams in which at least 50% of all the slats are open, preferably 60 to 100% and particularly preferably 65 to 99.9%, determined according to DIN ISO 4590.
- Foams (a) used as the starting material are preferably hard foams, for the purposes of the present invention these are foams which, at a compression of 40%, have a compression hardness of 1 kPa or more, determined in accordance with DIN 53577.
- Foams (a) used as the starting material have a density in the range from 5 to 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably 6 to 300 kg / m 3 and particularly preferably in the range from 7 to 100 kg / m 3 .
- Foams (a) used as the starting material have an average pore diameter (number average) in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m, determined by evaluating microscopic images of sections.
- Foams (a) used as the starting material have a BET surface area in the range from 0.1 to 50 m 2 / g, preferably 0.5 to 20 m 2 / g, determined according to DIN 66131.
- Foams (a) used as the starting material have a sound absorption level of over 50%, measured according to DIN 52215 at a frequency of 2000 Hz and a layer thickness of the foam in question (a) of 50 mm.
- foams (a) used as the starting material have a sound absorption level of over 0.5, measured according to DIN 52212 at a frequency of 2000 Hz and a layer thickness of the foam in question (a) of 40 mm.
- Foams (a) used as the starting material can have any geometric shapes, for example plates, balls, cylinders, powders, cubes, flakes, cuboids, saddle bodies, rods or square columns.
- the size dimensions of foams (a) used as the starting material are not critical.
- foams (a) made of synthetic organic material are used, preferably polyurethane foams or melamine foams.
- Polyurethane foams which are particularly suitable as starting material for carrying out the process according to the invention are known as such. They can be manufactured, for example, by implementing
- one or more polyisocyanates ie compounds with two or more isocyanate groups, ii) with one or more compounds with at least two groups which are reactive towards isocyanate, in the presence of iii) one or more blowing agents, iv) one or more starters v ) and one or more catalysts and i) so-called cell openers.
- Starter iv) and blowing agent iii) can be identical.
- Suitable polyisocyanates i) are known aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and preferably aromatic polyvalent compounds having two or more isocyanate groups.
- C 4 -C 12 alkylene diisocyanates preferably hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate; cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, such as cyclohexane-1, 3 and cyclohexane-1, 4-diisocyanate as well as any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI ), preferably aromatic di- and polyisocyanates, such as 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and corresponding mixtures of isomers, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and corresponding mixtures of isomers, mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates, polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, mixtures of 4,4'-, 2,4
- Examples of ii) compounds with at least two groups which are reactive toward isocyanate are diols and polyols, in particular polyether polyols (polyalkylene glycols), which are prepared by methods known per se, for example by alkali metal hydroxide-catalyzed polymerization of one or more Alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide are available.
- polyether polyols polyalkylene glycols
- Very particularly preferred compounds ii) are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol and hexaethylene glycol ,
- Suitable blowing agents iii) are: water, inert gases, in particular carbon dioxide, and so-called physical blowing agents.
- Physical blowing agents are compounds which are inert to the feed components and are mostly liquid at room temperature and evaporate under the conditions of the urethane reaction. The boiling point of these compounds is preferably below 110 ° C., in particular below 80 ° C.
- the physical blowing agents also include inert gases which are introduced into or dissolved in the feed components i) and ii), for example carbon dioxide, nitrogen or noble gases.
- Suitable compounds which are liquid at room temperature are mostly selected from the group comprising alkanes and / or cycloalkanes with at least 4 carbon atoms, dialkyl ethers, esters, ketones, acetals, fluoroalkanes with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and tetraalkylsilanes with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular - Special tetramethylsilane.
- Examples include: propane, n-butane, iso- and cyclobutane, n-, iso- and cyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl formate, acetone and fluorinated alkanes, which in can be broken down in the troposphere and are therefore harmless to the ozone layer, such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2- Tetrafluoroethane, 1, 1, 1-trifluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethane, 1, 1,2-trifluoro-1, 2,2-trichloroethane, difluoroethane and heptafluoropropane.
- the physical blowing agents mentioned can be used alone or in any combination with one another.
- Suitable starters iv) are: water, organic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic and aromatic, optionally N-mono-, N, N- and N, N'-dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as e.g.
- Suitable catalysts v) are the catalysts known in polyurethane chemistry, for example tertiary amines, such as e.g. Triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane and the like, and in particular organic metal compounds such as titanium acid esters, iron compounds such as e.g. Iron (III) acetylacetonate, tin compounds, e.g.
- tertiary amines such as e.g. Triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N'-dimethylpiperazine, 2- (dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, diazabicyclo (2,2,2) octane and the like
- organic metal compounds such as titanium acid esters, iron compounds such
- Tin diacetate, tin dioctoate, tin dilaurate or the dialkyl derivatives of tin dialkyl salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as dibutyl tin diacetate and dibutyl tin dilaurate.
- Polar polyether polyols (polyalkylene glycols) are to be mentioned as examples of cell openers vi), ie those with a high content of ethylene oxide in the chain, preferably of at least 50% by weight. Due to segregation and influence on the surface tension during the foaming, these have a line-opening effect.
- Suitable aminoplast foams and particularly suitable melamine foams are known as such as starting material for carrying out the production process according to the invention. They are manufactured, for example, by foaming
- an aminoplast precondensate or melamine-formaldehyde precondensate which, in addition to formaldehyde, may contain further carbonyl compounds such as, for example, aldehydes, iii) one or more blowing agents, iv) one or more emulsifiers, v) one or more hardeners.
- Aminoplast precondensates and in particular melamine-formaldehyde precondensates vii) can be unmodified, but they can also be modified, for example up to 50 mol%, preferably up to 20 mol%, of the melamine can be replaced by other thermoset formers known per se , for example alkyl-substituted melamine, urea, urethane, carboxamides, dicyandiamide, guanidine, sulfuryl amide, sulfonic acid amides, aliphatic amines, phenol and phenol derivatives.
- thermoset formers known per se , for example alkyl-substituted melamine, urea, urethane, carboxamides, dicyandiamide, guanidine, sulfuryl amide, sulfonic acid amides, aliphatic amines, phenol and phenol derivatives.
- Modified melamine-formaldehyde precondensing agents for example acetaldehyde, trimethylol acetaldehyde, acrolein, furfural, glyoxal, phthalaldehyde (1,2-phthalaldehyde) and terephthalaldehyde, can also contain condensed modified carbonyl compounds in addition to formaldehyde.
- the emulsifiers ix) which can be used are customary nonionic, anionic, cationic or betaine surfactants, in particular C 12 -C 30 alkyl sulfonates, preferably C 12 -C 18 alkyl sulfonates and polyethoxylated C 10 -C 20 alkyl alcohols, in particular of the formula R 6 -O (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) x -H, where R 6 is selected from C 10 -C 20 alkyl and x can mean, for example, an integer in the range from 5 to 100.
- acidic compounds are suitable as hardener x), such as, for example, inorganic Bronsted acids, e.g. Sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, organic Bronsted acids such as acetic acid or formic acid, Lewis acids and also so-called latent acids.
- inorganic Bronsted acids e.g. Sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid
- organic Bronsted acids such as acetic acid or formic acid
- Lewis acids also so-called latent acids.
- foams used as starting material (a) can contain additives and additives that are customary in foam chemistry, for example antioxidants, flame retardants, fillers, odorants, colorants such as, for example, pigments or dyes and biocides, for example
- Foams (a) characterized above are contacted according to the invention with particles (b) having an average diameter (number average) in the range from 5 nm to 900 nm, preferably 6 to 500 nm and particularly preferably 8 to 100 nm, determined, for example, according to ISO 13321.
- Particles (b) can be inorganic or organic particles, i.e. particles that consist predominantly of inorganic or organic material.
- organically modified inorganic particles (b) are also referred to as modified inorganic particles (b).
- Particles (b) preferably carry functional groups, either because of their nature or after a corresponding chemical modification.
- Particles (b) are preferably inorganic particles that can be chemically modified. Particles (b) very particularly preferably carry functional groups which enable particles (b) to bind to unmodified foam (a). Particularly preferred functional groups are isocyanate groups, blocked or not blocked, hydroxyl groups, methylol groups, amino groups, oxirane groups, aziridine groups, keto groups, aldehyde groups, silyl groups, carboxylic acid anhydride groups and carboxyl groups, which are used for the covalent attachment of particles (b) by, for example, addition reactions, condensation reactions, coupling reactions and specifically to the unmodified foam (a) by etherification reactions or esterification reactions or urethane formation reactions.
- Preferred functional groups are those which enable the formation of non-covalent interactions of particles (b) with unmodified foam (a), for example ionic interactions, dipolar interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions.
- Preferred silyl groups are selected from -SiX (R 1 ) 2 , -SiX 2 R 1 and -SiX 3 , the variables being selected as follows:
- R 1 the same or different and selected from C 10 -C 10 alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl , iso-pentyl, sec.-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec.-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n -Nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably CC alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, in particular
- Hydrogen, chlorine and CrC 10 alkoxy preferably C 6 alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy , iso-pentoxy, n-hexoxy and iso-hexoxy, particularly preferably methoxy and ethoxy.
- Examples of particularly suitable inorganic materials for particles (b) are: metals, metal chalcogenides, such as, for example, oxides or sulfides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates, for example: CaCO 3 , aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, graphite and in particular silicon dioxide, for example as colloidal Silica gel or as pyrogenic silica gel.
- CaCO 3 , aluminum oxide, graphite and in particular silicon dioxide are very particularly preferred, for example as colloidal silica gel or as pyrogenic silica gel.
- particularly suitable organic materials for particles (b) are crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymers which can be prepared by radical, anionic, cationic, metal-catalyzed polymerization, by polyaddition, polycondensation or other polymerization processes, for example polystyrene, polyacrylates (MMA, MA), polybutadiene , Polysiloxanes, polycarbonate, polyesters, polyamides, polysulfones, polyether ketones, polyurethanes, polyoxymethylene, polyolefins, aminoplasts, for example melamine-formaldehyde resin or urea-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, but also polymers made of natural substances, for example polysaccharides, cellulose.
- Other particularly suitable organic materials for particles (b) are described in: Modern Plastics Handbook, Modern Plastics, Charles A. Harper (Editor in Chief), ISBN 0-07-026714-6, 1999, McGraw-Hill.
- Functional groups can be attached to particles (b) directly or via a spacer.
- Chemically modified particles (b) are very particularly preferred. Chemically modified particles (b) can be produced in such a way that (b1) a solid in particulate form, for example a silica gel, in particular a colloidal silica gel or a pyrogenic silica gel, is reacted with
- Suitable modification reagents (b2) can, for example, of the general formula I
- B 1 and B 2 may be the same or different and may correspond to blocked (protected) functional groups.
- Suitable spacers A 1 are, for example
- C 1 -C 20 alkylene unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, for example with one or more C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, one or more C 6 -C 14 aryl groups, one or more dC 10 alkoxy groups or one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms.
- Examples include: -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -,
- C 6 -C 14 arylene for example ortho-, meta- or para-phenylene, 1, 7-naphthylene,
- C 2 -C 20 alkylene unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, for example with one or more CrC 4 alkyl groups or one or more C 6 -C 14 aryl groups groups in which one or more non-adjacent C atoms are substituted by oxygen, for example -CH 2 -O-, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 2 -O- (CH 2 ) 2 -, - [(CH 2 ) 2 -O] 2 - (CH 2 ) 2 -, - [(CH 2 ) 2 -O] 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -.
- R 2 selected from -CC 2 o-alkyl, preferably CrC 10 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n -Pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec.-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec.-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl , n-nonyl, n-decyl, preferably branched C 3 -C 10 -alkyl, for example isopropyl, tert-butyl, iso-amyl, tert-amyl, neopentyl, benzy
- R 3 , R 4 are the same or different and selected from d-Cio-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n -Pentyl, iso-pentyl, sec.-pentyl, neo-pentyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, iso-hexyl, sec.-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl , n-nonyl, n-decyl; particularly preferably dC 4 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and ter
- a 2 is selected from CC 20 alkylene, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, for example with one or more CrC 4 alkyl groups, one or more C 6 -C aryl groups, one or more CC 10 alkoxy groups or one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms.
- Examples of A 2 are: -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, - (CH 2 ) 7 -, - (CH 2 ) 8 -, - (CH 2 ) 9 -, - (CH 2 ) 10 -, - (CH 2 ) 12 -, - (CH 2 ) 14 -,
- R 1 and X are as defined above;
- R 3 and R 4 are bonded to one another to form a 3- to 10-membered ring, preferably a 5- to 7-membered ring.
- R 3 and R 4 can be common:
- CC 80 alkylene unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, for example with one or more C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, one or more C 6 -C 14 aryl groups, one or more Ci-do alkoxy groups or one or more fluorine or chlorine atoms.
- Examples include: -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, - (CH 2 ) 3 -, - (CH 2 ) 4 -, - (CH 2 ) 5 -, - (CH 2 ) 6 -, - (CH 2 ) 7 -, - (CH 2 ) 8 -, - (CH 2 ) 9 -, - (CH 2 ) 10 -, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -, -CH 2 -CH (/ so-C 3 H 7 ) -, -CH 2 -CH (tett-C 4 H 9 ) -, -CH 2 -CH (C 6 H 5 ) -, syn - and anti-CH (CH 3 ) -CH (CH 3 ) -, syn- and anti ⁇ CH (CH 2 CH 5 ) -CH (C 2 H 5 ) -. syn- and anti
- B 1 and B 2 are different.
- B 1 and B 2 are different and correspond to the same functional group, which are blocked in different ways.
- B 1 and B 2 are the same, but are located at positions with different reactivity of the molecule of the general formula II; for example, B 1 can be a primary functional group and B 2 can be a secondary functional group. In another example, B 1 is a sterically unhindered functional group and B 2 is a sterically hindered functional group.
- Reagents b2.1 to b2.4 are very particularly suitable modification reagents (b2)
- particles (b) are first modified by introducing optionally blocked functional groups, then the modified particles (b) are reacted with one or more reagents which saturate all other reactive groups in modified particles (b) ,
- the particles (b) are silica gels, they can first be modified by introducing functional groups and then silylated by reacting with hydroxyl groups, for example alkoxytrialkylsilanes.
- the chemical modification of particles (b) can be carried out in the presence of one or more catalysts which, for example, facilitate the removal of protective groups or reactions of functional groups on the surface of unmodified particles with a modification reagent.
- foam (a) and particles (b) are contacted.
- unmodified foam (a) is contacted with 1 to 4000 ppm of particles (b), based on unmodified
- ppm in the context of the present invention always means mass ppm.
- particles (b) are first dispersed in a solvent or a mixture of solvents and such a dispersion is applied as an aerosol, for example with the aid of a spraying device, to unmodified foam (a).
- particles (b) are first dispersed in a solvent or a mixture of solvents and the dispersion thus obtained is contacted with unmodified foam (a), for example by mixing with foam (a).
- This embodiment usually achieves a particularly uniform contact of unmodified foam (a) with particles (b), which can lead to advantageous application properties of modified foams according to the invention.
- Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, ethylbenzene;
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-dodecane, isododecane (2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane), n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and isomers, individually or in a mixture, of the abovementioned aliphatic hydrocarbons, in particular the mixture of various C 12 -C 18 hydrocarbons commercially available as solvent naphtha;
- Suitable concentrations of optionally modified particles (b) in solvents or a mixture of solvents are, for example, 0.001 to 75% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 25% by weight.
- the production process according to the invention is carried out without the use of binders.
- the properties set by the foam formation reaction in the production of foam (a) used as the starting material are thus essentially retained.
- contact (a) and (b) can be left to act, for example over periods in the range from 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours and particularly preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.
- contact is made between (a) and (b) at temperatures in the range from 0 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably 30 ° C. to 190 ° C. and particularly preferably 50 to 165 ° C.
- (a) and (b) are first contacted at temperatures in the range from 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. and then the temperature is changed, for example by heating to temperatures in the range from 80 ° C. to 250 ° C. preferably from 155 ° C to 180 ° C.
- (a) and (b) are first contacted at temperatures in the range from 0 ° C. to 120 ° C. and then the temperature is changed, for example heating to temperatures in the range from 30 ° C. to 250 ° C. ° C, preferably from 125 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the solvent and temperature control are selected so that most of the structural parameters of foam (a) used as the starting material are not significantly changed.
- the manufacturing process according to the invention is carried out at atmospheric pressure. In another embodiment of the present invention, the production process according to the invention is carried out under increased pressure, for example at pressures in the range from 1.1 bar to 10 bar. In another embodiment of the present invention, the production process according to the invention is carried out under reduced pressure, for example at pressures in the range from 0.1 mbar to 900 mbar, preferably up to 100 mbar. In one embodiment of the present invention, (a) and (b) are contacted in the presence of at least one solvent and one or more preferably dissolved catalysts which, for example, can facilitate the removal of one or more protective groups from chemically modified particles (b).
- Foams according to the invention or foams produced by the method according to the invention are distinguished by advantageous properties overall. They show good resistance to hydrolysis, improved acid resistance, good sound absorption and are particularly durable - for example if they are used to manufacture air conditioning systems or automotive parts. They do not pollute, or only very slowly. Any soiled foams according to the invention can be easily cleaned off.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of modified open-cell foams according to the invention or of open-cell foams modified according to the invention for the production of auto parts, filters, mist separators or air conditioning systems.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the production of auto parts using modified open-cell foams according to the invention or open-cell foams modified according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for producing filters using modified open-cell foams according to the invention or open-cell foams modified according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for producing air conditioning systems using modified open-cell foams according to the invention or open-cell foams modified according to the invention.
- modified foams according to the invention for the production of filters tubular filters are particularly preferred. If it is desired to use modified foams according to the invention for the production of automotive parts, ventilation units are particularly preferred.
- the present invention further relates to auto parts, filters, mist separators and air conditioning systems, produced using or containing modified open-cell foams or open-cell foams modified according to the invention.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of open-cell foams modified according to the invention for cleaning surfaces.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for cleaning surfaces using open-cell foams modified according to the invention.
- Foam modified in accordance with the invention is preferably moistened with water and then guided over the surface to be cleaned once or, preferably, several times. You can choose any contact pressure. One or more pieces of foam modified according to the invention can be guided manually or mechanically over the surface to be cleaned.
- Impurities are particularly easy to remove:
- Fats, oils, waxes for example polyethylene waxes, paraffin waxes, paraffin oils, ester oils, native oils and fats, lubricating greases, bearing greases, Staufer fats, montan waxes, metal salts of anionic surfactants such as, for example, lime soap, biofilms, for example mold or pseudomonat biofilms,
- Polymers e.g. paint splashes, polyurethane foam, silicones (polysiloxanes), residues of lubricants, e.g. partially coked or partially or completely resinified lubricants, and broken emulsions, polymer-containing abrasion, e.g. residues from shoe soles, colored residues from black or colored pens, e.g. ink stains, stains of crayons, felt-tip pens, colored pencils, dried-on residues and discoloration of foodstuffs, preferably fruits, vegetables, or fruit or vegetable preparations or juices, ketchup, mustard, wine, tea, coffee or blood, cosmetics such as make-up, lipstick, blush and ink such as mascara,
- lubricants e.g. partially coked or partially or completely resinified lubricants, and broken emulsions
- polymer-containing abrasion e.g. residues from shoe soles, colored residues from black or colored pens, e.g.
- Structured or smooth surfaces which can be made of any material, for example stone, concrete, ceramic, wood, metal, lacquered or unpainted, textiles, leather, polymers, glass, cardboard or paper are suitable as surfaces to be cleaned according to the invention.
- Surfaces to be cleaned can be inside or outside, for example. Ceramics, in particular ceramic tiles, and wallpapers such as woodchip wallpaper, for example, are particularly easy to clean.
- open-cell foam modified according to the invention is contacted with a suitable liquid, for example water, and excess water is removed.
- Foam modified in accordance with the invention absorbs, for example, 0.1 to 0.9 times its own weight of liquid, for example water, preferably 0.25 to 0.75 times and particularly preferably 0.45 to 0.55 fold.
- the durability of open-cell foam modified according to the invention when used for cleaning surfaces is significantly higher than that of the corresponding unmodified open-cell foam.
- Steps I through II were carried out under dry nitrogen.
- a dispersion of chemically modified particles (b.1) with a solids content of 53% was obtained.
- the total isopropanol / n-hexanol content was less than 1% by weight.
- the calculated content of blocked isocyanate groups was less than 1.77% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion of chemically modified particles.
- Unmodified colloidal silica gel The particle diameter distribution was determined using an Autosizer IIC from Malvern in accordance with ISO 13321 and gave a maximum at 13.4 nm.
- the mean hydrodynamic radius of the chemically modified particles was determined to be 50 nm using dynamic light scattering.
- a spray-dried melamine / formaldehyde precondensate (molar ratio 1: 3, molecular weight about 500) was added to an aqueous solution with 3% by weight of formic acid and 1.5% of the sodium salt of a mixture of alkyl sulfonates with 12 up to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical (emulsifier K 30 from Bayer AG), the percentages being based on the melamine / formaldehyde precondensate.
- the resulting mixture was stirred vigorously, then 20% n-pentane was added. The stirring was continued (about 3 minutes) until a homogeneous-looking dispersion was formed.
- This was knife-coated onto a teflon-coated glass fabric as the carrier material and foamed and hardened in a drying cabinet in which an air temperature of 150 ° C. prevailed.
- the melt temperature in the foam was the boiling point of n-pentane, which is 37.0 ° C under these conditions.
- the maximum rise of the unmodified foam was reached.
- the unmodified foam (a1) thus obtainable was left in the drying cabinet for a further 10 min at 150 ° C .; then it was annealed at 180 ° C for 30 minutes.
- Compression hardness (40%) 1.3 kPa determined according to DIN 53577, density 13.0 kg / m 3 determined according to EN ISO 845, average pore diameter 210 ⁇ m, determined by evaluation microscopic
- Foam from Example 111.1 was cut into cylinders with the dimensions diameter of the base area: 26.5 mm, height 4 cm. 5 of the foam cylinders described above were placed in a flask and flushed with dry nitrogen over a period of 48 hours. Then they were mixed with 460 ml of dispersion 1 (400 g) and heated to 140 ° C. It was held over a period of one hour at 140 ° C; the mixture was then heated to 160 ° C. and held at 160 ° C. for a further hour. Then it was cooled to room temperature.
- dispersion 1 400 g
- the foam cylinders were separated off, rinsed once with 100 ml of n-hexadecane, three times with 400 ml of toluene each and then washed with toluene-denatured ethanol.
- FIG. 1 shows an electron micrograph of foam S1 according to the invention.
- Figure 2 an electron micrograph of unmodified foam used as the starting material according to 111.1.
- Test dust CaCO 3 with particle diameters in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, average particle diameter (number average): 5 ⁇ m
- a dust test apparatus was set up, which was set up as follows:
- test dust which was filled and compressed in a cylindrical solid container (diameter 20 mm), was fed with the aid of a piston to a rotating brush (brush dosing device RBG 1000 from Pallas).
- the feed of the piston was set to 1 mm / h, the brush speed to 1200 rpm.
- the test dust contained in the brushes was entrained by the compressed air (set pressure 0.9 bar) and entered into the system via the dispersion cover (in the present case the dispersion cover type A was used).
- the airflow loaded with test dust was sucked off through a tube with a diameter of 2.65 cm, in which the foam treated according to the invention or a comparative sample was clamped.
- the volume flow sucked off was 3 m 3 / h, resulting in a flow rate of 1.51 m / s in the tube.
- the test dust content measurements were carried out with an optical particle counter PCS 2000 from Pallas in front of and behind the foam sample.
- the untreated foam very quickly absorbed large amounts of test dust and blocked within 5 minutes, while the test dust absorption of the foams according to the invention was significantly lower. After 5 minutes, 5-20% by weight of the test dust particles were allowed to pass through.
- MK test dust mass concentration [mg / m 3 ]
- a piece of foam S2 modified according to the invention (own weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was 0.6 g. Then he painted over a DIN A 5 piece of woodchip wallpaper that was smeared with red crayon in the form of 4 lines with a length of 10 cm and a thickness of 3 to 8 mm. The lubrication was removed even when only slight pressure was applied.
- the foam S2 modified according to the invention was able to be cleaned off under running tap water without great mechanical action (less than 0.5 N / cm 2 ) after use. After cleaning, it could be used without restrictions for cleaning other surfaces.
- a piece of unmodified foam (a1) (weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was about 120 g.
- Another piece of unmodified foam (a1) (weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and wrung out. The weight gain was about 5 g. It was then used to paint a DIN A 5 piece of woodchip wallpaper that was smeared with red crayon in the form of 4 lines with a length of 10 cm and a thickness of 3 to 8 mm. The lubrication was removed even when only slight pressure was applied. After application, the unmodified foam (a1) could be cleaned off under running tap water using mechanical force (repeated mechanical wringing with more than 0.5 N / cm 2 ), but lost its shape. After cleaning, it could only be used for a limited time to clean other surfaces.
- V.2 Use of foam S2 modified according to the invention and of unmodified foam (a1) for cleaning the surface of a tile
- a piece of foam S2 modified according to the invention (own weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was 0.7 g. Then it was coated with 0.0225 m 2 of a ceramic tile which was smeared with yellow chalk (from Rheita-Krautkrämer) in the form of 3 lines with a length of 8 cm and a thickness of 5 to 10 mm. The smear was completely removed even when only slight pressure was applied.
- the foam S2 modified according to the invention could be cleaned off without much mechanical action (less than 0.5 N / cm 2 ) by tapping and subsequent rinsing under running tap water. After cleaning, it could be used without restrictions for cleaning other surfaces.
- a piece of unmodified foam (a1) (weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was about 120 g. Then it was coated with 0.0225 m 2 of a ceramic tile, which was smeared with yellow chalk in the form of 3 lines with a length of 8 cm and a thickness of 5 to 10 mm. A large amount of water with dispersed chalk particles accumulated on the tile.
- the unmodified foam (a1) could be cleaned superficially under running tap water using mechanical force (repeated mechanical wringing out with more than 0.5 N / cm 2 ), but lost its shape significantly. After cleaning, it could only be used for a limited time to clean other surfaces.
- Another piece of unmodified foam (a1) (own weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and wrung out. The weight gain was about 4 g. Then it was coated with 0.0225 m 2 of a ceramic tile, which was smeared with yellow chalk in the form of 3 lines with a length of 8 cm and a thickness of 5 to 10 mm. The smear was removed even with only slight pressure application.
- the unmodified foam (a1) was able to be surface-cleaned after running using mechanical force (repeated mechanical wringing out with more than 0.5 N / cm 2 ) under running tap water, but lost its shape. After cleaning, it could only be used for a limited time to clean other surfaces.
- a piece of foam S2 modified according to the invention (own weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was 0.5 g. Subsequently, it was used to scrub 0.04 m 2 of a sheet of paper cardboard which was smeared with blue colored pencil (Staedtler) in the form of 3 lines with a length of 10 cm and a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm. With only slight pressure application, the smear was almost completely removed.
- the foam S2 modified according to the invention was able to be cleaned off under running tap water without great mechanical action (less than 0.5 N / cm 2 ) after use. After cleaning, it could be used without restrictions for cleaning other surfaces.
- a piece of unmodified foam (a1) (own weight 1.3 g) was soaked in water and shaken out. The weight gain was about 120 g. Subsequently, it was used to scrub 0.04 m 2 of a sheet of paper cardboard, which was smeared with blue colored pencil in the form of 3 lines with a length of 10 cm and a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm. Water accumulated on the paper board, which soaked it and turned blue in moistened areas.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2005800118252A CN1942501B (zh) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-14 | 开孔泡沫材料、其制备方法及其用途 |
US11/547,474 US20070213417A1 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-14 | Open-Cell Foam Materials, Method For Producing Them And Their Use |
JP2007508786A JP2007533806A (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-14 | 連続気泡材料、連続気泡材料を製造する方法、及び連続気泡材料を使用する方法 |
EP05733253A EP1742980A1 (de) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-14 | Offenzellige schaumstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
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DE102004019708.3 | 2004-04-20 | ||
DE102004019708A DE102004019708A1 (de) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | Offenzellige Schaumstoffe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE102005011044.4 | 2005-03-08 | ||
DE200510011044 DE102005011044A1 (de) | 2005-03-08 | 2005-03-08 | Offenzellige Schaumstoffe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
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PCT/EP2005/003920 WO2005103107A1 (de) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-04-14 | Offenzellige schaumstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
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US (1) | US20070213417A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1742980A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2007533806A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100817379B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1942501B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004019708A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005103107A1 (de) |
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- 2005-04-14 US US11/547,474 patent/US20070213417A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-04-14 JP JP2007508786A patent/JP2007533806A/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-14 EP EP05733253A patent/EP1742980A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-14 CN CN2005800118252A patent/CN1942501B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-14 WO PCT/EP2005/003920 patent/WO2005103107A1/de active Application Filing
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US8277935B2 (en) * | 2006-01-12 | 2012-10-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning implement comprising a modified open-cell foam |
EP1808454A3 (de) * | 2006-01-13 | 2008-07-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Treibmittelfreier Aminoharzschaum, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
EP1808454A2 (de) | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Treibmittelfreier Aminoharzschaum, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
US8173716B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2012-05-08 | Basf Se | Open-cell foam modified with hydrophobines |
US8546457B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2013-10-01 | Basf Se | Method for the production of abrasive foams |
CN101815750B (zh) * | 2007-08-14 | 2012-04-25 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 生产耐磨泡沫体的方法 |
WO2009021963A1 (de) * | 2007-08-14 | 2009-02-19 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von abrasiven schaumstoffen |
EP2042155A1 (de) | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | Basf Se | Verfahren zum Entfernen von wasserunlöslichen Substanzen von Substratoberflächen |
US8486522B2 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2013-07-16 | Basf Se | Multi-layer composite materials comprising a foam layer, corresponding method of production and use thereof |
DE102009001121A1 (de) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Basf Se | Mehrschichtige Verbundmaterialien, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
WO2012059493A1 (de) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | Basf Se | Melaminharzschaumstoff mit anorganischem füllmaterial |
US9242397B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-01-26 | Basf Se | Melamine resin foam with inorganic filling material |
WO2012076506A1 (de) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Basf Se | Polyurethan-verbundmaterial |
WO2012076492A1 (de) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Basf Se | Melaminharzschaumstoffe mit nanoporösen füllstoffen |
US8937106B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2015-01-20 | Basf Se | Melamine resin foams with nanoporous fillers |
WO2012076489A1 (de) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Basf Se | Verbundmaterial enthaltend nanopröse partikel |
WO2012113740A2 (de) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Basf Se | Melaminharzschaumstoff mit partikelförmigem füllmaterial |
WO2012115869A2 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A cleaning implement based on melamine formaldehyde foam com-prising abrasive particles |
EP2657280A1 (de) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-30 | Basf Se | Mineralstoffpartikel enthaltender Polyurethan-Verbundwerkstoff |
WO2013182506A1 (de) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-12 | Basf Se | Aerogel enthaltender polyurethan-verbundwerkstoff |
US9944793B2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2018-04-17 | Basf Se | Aerogel-containing polyurethane composite material |
WO2014040968A1 (de) | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-20 | Basf Se | Melaminharzschaumstoff mit anorganischem füllmaterial mit hoher dichte |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100817379B1 (ko) | 2008-03-27 |
CN1942501A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
KR20070004976A (ko) | 2007-01-09 |
DE102004019708A1 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1742980A1 (de) | 2007-01-17 |
US20070213417A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
CN1942501B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
JP2007533806A (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
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