WO2005101607A1 - 周波数低下時負荷遮断装置 - Google Patents
周波数低下時負荷遮断装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005101607A1 WO2005101607A1 PCT/JP2004/005127 JP2004005127W WO2005101607A1 WO 2005101607 A1 WO2005101607 A1 WO 2005101607A1 JP 2004005127 W JP2004005127 W JP 2004005127W WO 2005101607 A1 WO2005101607 A1 WO 2005101607A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/033—Details with several disconnections in a preferential order, e.g. following priority of the users, load repartition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/46—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to frequency deviations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a load shedding device at the time of a frequency drop for returning a system frequency within a predetermined range when the power frequency of a power system is lowered, thereby stably operating the power system.
- a plurality of generators are connected to the power system, and the power generated by the generators is supplied to the load via transmission lines.
- the system voltage of the power system is operated so as to be within a predetermined range depending on the voltage class of the transmission line.>
- the system frequency is also operated so as to be within the specified range.
- the generator connected to the power system is operated so that the terminal voltage becomes a predetermined voltage in synchronization with the system frequency.
- the output of the generator is increased and decreased so that the system voltage and the system frequency are adjusted to be within a predetermined range.
- the system frequency cannot be maintained within the predetermined range only by adjusting the output of the generator, for example, when the system frequency drops significantly, a predetermined part of the load is cut off, and conversely, the system frequency is When the power supply rises significantly, the generator is disconnected from the power system to maintain the system frequency of the entire power system in a predetermined range.
- the load rejection when the system frequency drops is provided in advance with a plurality of limit values, and when the system frequency falls below the first-stage limit value, a predetermined part of the load is cut off. Even so, when the system frequency further decreases, the load is sequentially added and cut off each time the frequency falls below the limit value of each stage.
- the system frequency may not recover to the predetermined allowable range. This occurs when the load to be interrupted is insufficient for the entire power system and does not match the generated power. When a certain power system is disconnected from the connection and becomes a single system, such a phenomenon is likely to occur in the single system. Re.
- the first stage limit is 48.8 Hz
- the second stage limit is 48.5 ⁇ ⁇
- the third limit Is 48. ⁇ ⁇ 1
- each stage cuts off 1 ⁇ % of the entire power system load. In this case, each time the system frequency falls below the limit value of 48.8 ⁇ , 48.5 ⁇ , or 48. ⁇ , the 10% load is cut off.
- the shortage of electric power in the entire power system is 27% of the total load and the system frequency is higher than the third-stage limit, which is less than the second-stage limit, then 20 Since the load is not interrupted when the load is interrupted, 7% of the load is mostly connected. Therefore, it may not recover up to the predetermined system frequency of 50 Hz.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a load dropping device at the time of frequency drop that can cut off the load according to the degree of recovery of the system frequency when the system frequency drops due to insufficient generated power, and restore the system frequency to within a predetermined range.
- the load dropping device at the time of frequency drop of the present invention is a load dropping device at a frequency drop for returning the system frequency to within a predetermined range and operating the power system stably when the system frequency of the power system drops.
- a frequency drop level judging unit that determines the frequency drop level of the system frequency when the system frequency drops due to power shortage, and when the system frequency stays at one of the frequency drop levels determined by the frequency drop level judgment unit, It is characterized by having a load cutoff section that cuts off predetermined loads sequentially based on the staying time, and shuts off many loads quickly when the frequency drop level at which the system frequency stays is large. .
- a frequency reduction rate determining unit that determines a reduction rate of the system frequency within a predetermined range that is equal to or less than the predetermined value.
- the configuration is such that the greater the rate of decrease of the system frequency within the determined predetermined range, the greater the load is cut off.
- a plurality of predetermined ranges are provided as f fixed ranges that are equal to or less than a predetermined value of the frequency reduction rate determination unit, and the frequency reduction rate determination unit determines a reduction rate of the system frequency in each predetermined range. Judgment, the load shedding section is judged by the frequency drop rate judging section; the larger the rate of decrease of the system frequency within each predetermined range, the more load is cut off.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram in a case where a load dropping device at the time of frequency reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a power system.
- FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram of a frequency cut-off load interruption device for substation A according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows the frequency reduction level and residence time at which the system frequency stays when the system frequency drops due to the shortage of the generated power, due to the substation frequency load reduction device for substation A according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a load amount to be load-suspended in response.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of a load shedding command to a load to be subjected to a load shedding by the load shedding device for frequency drop according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of the load interrupting unit for the substation A of the load interrupting unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a frequency cut-off load interrupting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the load amount to be load-rejected in accordance with the rate of decrease in the system frequency when the system frequency decreases due to the shortage of the generated power, according to the frequency decrease load shedding device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of a load shedding command to a load to be subjected to load shedding by the load shedding device for frequency drop according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a load interrupting unit for the substation A of the load interrupting unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block configuration diagram of a load dropping device at the time of a frequency drop for the substation A according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a load amount to be cut off according to the rate of decrease in the system frequency when the system frequency decreases due to insufficient power generation in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows the load applied to the load to be negatively interrupted in the third embodiment of the present invention. It is an explanatory view of assignment of a load rejection command.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of a load shedding section 27 for the substation A of the load shedding section according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the tenth embodiment is a system configuration diagram when the load dropping device at the time of frequency decrease according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a power system.
- the frequency drop load shedding device 1 1 1 d of the present invention is applied to an electric power system in which a plurality of system buses are connected by a plurality of network transmission lines.
- Fig. 1 shows a certain power system 12, and the power system 12 is connected to other power systems by network transmission lines 13a to 13c, and as a whole, network-like power is A system has been formed.
- Multiple generators and multiple substations are connected to the power system 12 and the power generated by the multiple generators is supplied to the load via L or multiple transformers in multiple substations. Supplied.
- the generator diagram ⁇ is omitted, and four substations 14a to 14d are connected, and one substation is connected to each substation 14a to 14d. In this case, the transformers 15a to 15d are provided.
- the transformer 15a of the substation 14a is connected to a bus 18a from the feeder line 16a1 to 16ai to be connected to each load A via the circuit breaker 17a1 to 17ai. Power is supplied to 1 to Ai.
- the transformer 15b of the substation 14b is connected to the bus 18b via the feeder line 16bl ⁇ l6bj via the circuit breaker 17bl ⁇ l7bj.
- transformer 15c of substation 14c is connected to feeder line 16c1 to 16ck connected to busbar 18c, and breaker 17c1 Powering each load C 1 -C k via ⁇ 17 ck, substation 14 d transformer 15 d, feeder line 16 d connected to bus 18 d Power is supplied to each of the loads D1 to Dm from 6 dm via circuit breakers 17 dl to 17 dm.
- voltage transformers 38 a to 38 d are provided on the buses 18 a to l 8 d, respectively, and the voltage VI a to l 8 d of the buses 18 a to l 8 d are provided by the voltage transformers 38 a to 38 d.
- V ld force detected.
- the voltages V 1 a to V 1 d detected by the voltage transformers 38 a to 38 d are respectively Input to the load shedding device 11 aa to l 1 d when the frequency is lowered.
- the frequency cut-off load shedding device 11a-l 1d shuts down the load when the system frequency drops due to insufficient power generated by the power system 12, returns the system frequency to within the specified IB, and operates the power system stably. Is what you do.
- Each substation 14 a to l 4 d frequency cut-off load cut-off device 11 a to l 1 d has the same configuration. 1 1a will be described.
- the load shedding device for frequency drop 11a is obtained by the input processing section 19a that inputs the voltage VIa detected by the voltage transformer 38a and obtains the carding frequency, and the input processing section 19a.
- the frequency drop level determination unit 20a that determines the frequency drop level of the system frequency based on the system frequency that has been selected, and the circuit breakers 17a1 to 17ai of the substation 1a are selected and the load shedding finger is selected. and a load shedding section 21a that outputs a.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the frequency lowering standby load interrupting device 11a according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the input processing unit 19a receives the voltage VIa detected by the voltage transformer 38a, obtains the frequency f of the voltage VIa, obtains the voltage value Va, and outputs the voltage value Va to the frequency reduction level determination unit 20a. I do.
- the frequency drop level determination unit 20a determines whether the system frequency f is within the first level range, and outputs a logical value “1” when the system frequency f is within the first level range.
- a second level determiner 2 that determines whether or not the system frequency f is within a second level range and outputs a logical value “1” when the system frequency f is within the second level range 3a, and outputs a logical value "1" when the voltage value Va of the voltage VIa is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the output of the undervoltage relay 24a and the output of the first level determination section 22a are logical. Outputs a logical value "1" when the output of the value "1" and the undervoltage relay 24a is a logical value "0".
- the first AND circuit 25a and the second level judgment unit 23 The second AND circuit 26a outputs a logical value "1" when the output of a is a logical value "1" and the output of the undervoltage relay 24a is a logical value "0". Is .
- the first level determination unit 22a of the frequency drop level determination unit 20a determines whether the system frequency f is within the first level range. judge.
- the second level determination unit 23a of the frequency drop level determination unit 20a Determine if it is within the second level range.
- the first level range is set to less than 48.5 Hz power s
- the second level range is set to less than 8.OHz.
- the input system frequency f 48.4 Hz
- the part 22 a outputs a logical value “1”
- the second level setting part 23 a outputs a logical value “0”.
- the input system frequency: f is 47.8 Hz
- the undervoltage relay 24a outputs a logical value "1" when the voltage value Va of the voltage V1a is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the reason why the undervoltage relay 24a is provided is to discriminate the phenomenon of a decrease in the system frequency f due to step-out from the phenomenon of a decrease in the system frequency f due to insufficient power generated by the power system 12. This is to prevent the load from being interrupted when the system frequency f decreases due to the tuning.
- the first AND circuit 25a has a logic value "1" when the output of the first level determination unit 22a is a logic value "1" and the output of the undervoltage relay 24a is a logic value "0". Is output. That is, there is no “!? Decrease in system frequency f due to step-out, and a logical value“ 1 ”is output when the system frequency f is within the first level range.
- the second AND circuit 26a is logic when the output of the second level determination section 23a is a logical value "1” and the output of the undervoltage relay 24a is a logical value "0". It outputs the value "1". In other words, a drop in the system frequency f due to step-out is sufficient. When the system frequency f is within the second level range, a logical value “1” is output.
- the output signal of the first AND circuit 25a is negative as the first level determination signal: L1a, and the output signal of the second AND circuit 26a is negative as the second level determination signal L2a.
- the load shedding section 21a selects each of the circuit breakers 17a1 to 17ai of the substation 14a and outputs a load shedding command a.
- the load interrupting section 21a is composed of an A substation load interrupting section 27a that outputs load interrupting commands a1 to a4 to the loads A1 to A4 of the substation 14a.
- the load interrupting section 27a for the substation receives the first level judgment signal L1a and the second level judgment signal L2a, and outputs the logical value "1" of the first level judgment signal L1a.
- the circuit breaker Output load shedding commands a1 to a4 to 17a1 to 17a4.
- the load interrupting section for the B substation 27b at the load interrupting section 21b of the substation 14b the load interrupting section for the C substation 27c at the load interrupting section 21c of the substation 14c, and the substation 14d
- the first level judgment signal L 1 b to L 1 d and the second level judgment signal L 2 b to L 2 d are input to the D substation load shedding section 27 d in the load shedding section 21 d
- the logical value “1” of the first level determination signal L 1 b to L 1 d has continued for a predetermined time, or the logical value “1” of the second level determination signal L 2 b to L 2 d has a predetermined time
- the maximum load to be cut off to recover the system frequency depends on the power system operating conditions and the system separation point. This is based on the assumption that if the generated power shortage rate in 12 is assumed to be about 32% at the maximum, it will always be restored if 32% of the full load of the power system is cut off. In addition, one load shedding is to cut off 4% of the total load of the power system.
- the loads to be cut off at the substations 14a to 14d are loads A1 to A4, loads B1 to B4, loads C1 to C4, and loads D1 to D4, each of which is a feeder 16a. 1 to 16a4, feeder 16b1 to 16b4, feeder 16cl to 16c4, feeder 16d1 to: Loads connected to I6d4, each 2% load . Therefore, the sum of them is 32% of the total load of the power system.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a frequency reduction level at which the system frequency stays when the system frequency drops under the above conditions, and a load amount for load shedding according to the staying time.
- Fig. 3 In the above, less than 48.5 Hz is set as the first level range in the first level determination units 22 a to 22 d, and the second level determination range in the second level determination units 23 a to 23 d is , 48.0 Hz is set.
- the system frequency ⁇ exceeds the first level range (less than 48.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) and the second level range (less than 48. ⁇ ⁇ ) and stays for more than 0.5 seconds, a 4% load is cut off . If the system frequency f still stays above the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz) and the second level range (less than 48. OHz) even if the 4% load is cut off, 1 After 0 seconds, add 4% load and shut off. Similarly, when the system frequency f remains above the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz) and the second level range (less than 48. OHz), the load is reduced by 4% every second. Is additionally blocked. Ultimately, when the system frequency f stays above the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz) and the second level range (less than 48. OHz) for 7 seconds, the full load of the power system 32% will be blocked.
- the power generation shortage rate of the power system is assumed to be 32%, and it is assumed that the reduction of the system frequency will always be recovered by cutting off 32% of the full load of the power system. Therefore, the load to be cut off is set to 32% of the total load of the power system. If the generated power shortage rate becomes 32% or more, the system frequency cannot be recovered even if the load of 32% of the full load of the power system is cut off. Assuming the maximum value is important for maintaining a stable operation state of the power system.
- the system frequency f falls within the second level range (less than 48.0 Hz) and then exceeds the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz) and the second level range (less than 48.0 Hz). If this happens, the load will be cut off sequentially in the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz). When the level exceeds the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz), the load shedding ends.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of a load shedding command to a load to be subjected to load shedding.
- substations 14 a to l 4 d are subject to load shedding, and the load A 1 to n 4, load B 1 to B 4, load C 1 to C 4, and load D 1 to D 4
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of level signals L1a to L1d and second level signals L2a to L2d.
- L la (0.5) in FIG. 4 means that a shutoff command is output when the first level signal L la continues for 0.5 seconds or more
- L 2 a (0.2 ) Means that the shutoff command force S is output when the second level signal L2a continues for 0.2 seconds or more. Therefore, the load A1 of the substation 14a is cut off when the first level signal Lla lasts for more than 0.5 seconds or when the second level signal L2a power SO. Is done.
- each feeder 16 al ⁇ 16 a4, feeder 16 bl ⁇ : 16b4, feeder 16 c1 ⁇ 16 c4, feeder 16 d1 ⁇ : L & d 4 has 2% load respectively Connected, cut off to 5 & after recovery of system frequency f The maximum load to be applied is 32%.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of the load interrupting unit 27a for the substation A of the load interrupting unit according to the first embodiment.
- the substation load shedding unit 27a is an OR circuit ORl to OR that calculates the logical sum of the timers T1 to T8 each having a predetermined time limit and the two outputs of the timers ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 8. It consists of four. Evening times T1 to T8 and OR circuits OR1 to OR4 realize the harmful effects of the load shedding commands a1 to a4 shown in Fig. 4 to the load to be interrupted.
- the first level signal L 1a becomes the logical value “1”.
- the timers Tl, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 5, and ⁇ 7 start counting their own time periods, and the first level signal L 1 a keeps the logical value “1” for 0.5 second, the timer T1 becomes the logical value Outputs "1" to OR circuit No. R1.
- a load shedding command a1 is output from the OR circuit OR1 to the circuit breaker 17a1, and the load A1 is cut off.
- the system frequency f still stays above the first level range (less than 48.5 Hz) and the second level range (less than 48.0 Hz), and the first level signal L 1 If a keeps the logical value "1" for 2.0 seconds, the timer T3 outputs the logical value "1" to the OR circuit OR2. As a result, the load cutoff command a2 is output from the OR circuit OR2 to the circuit breaker 17a2, and the load A2 is cut off.
- the timer T5 outputs the logic value “1” to the OR circuit OR3, and the OR circuit OR 3 outputs a load command a3 to circuit breaker 17a3, and load A3 is cut off.
- the timer T7 outputs the logic value “1” to the OR circuit OR4, and the load is cut off from the OR circuit OR4.
- Command a4 is output to circuit breaker 17a4, and load A4 is shut off.
- the system frequency f falls within the second level range (less than 48.0 Hz) and the second level signal L 2 a becomes a logical value “1”
- the system frequency f becomes the second level range ( (Less than 48.0 Hz)
- the timers T2, T4, # 6, and # 8 sequentially output the logical value "1" to the OR circuits OR 1 to OR 4 and the OR circuits 0 1 to 01 4
- the load shedding commands al to a4 are output to the circuit breakers 17a1 to 17a4, and the loads A1 to A4 are cut off.
- load shedding section 27b for substation B the load shedding section 27c for substation C
- load shedding section 27d for substation D It consists of four OR circuits that calculate the logical sum of the two outputs of the timers, and eight timers and four OR circuits are used to perform the load B 1- Assignment of load shedding commands b1 to b4, load shedding commands c1 to c4, and load shedding commands d1 to d4 to B4, loads C1 to C4, and loads D1 to D4 I have.
- the system frequency f will recover if 32% of the full load of the power system is cut off. If the system frequency drops due to insufficient power generation, the maximum is 32% of the full load of the power system.
- the load may be set to 32% or more of the total load of the power system or 32% or less. This is set according to the assumption of the maximum value of the generated power shortage rate that changes according to the operating conditions of the power system and the system separation point.
- the load to be interrupted each time is set to 4% load, but may be set to 3% load or 2% load more finely.
- the frequency level range is set to the first level range and the second level range, but more level ranges may be provided. In that case, the system frequency can be recovered more finely.
- the load interruption units 21a to 2d In 1d when the system frequency stays at any of the frequency reduction levels determined by the frequency reduction level determination units 20a to 20d, the load interruption units 21a to 2d In 1d, the predetermined load is sequentially cut off based on the residence time, so the load is cut off according to the degree of recovery of the system frequency, and the system frequency is restored within a predetermined range. Can be. Also, when the frequency drop level at which the system frequency stays is large, many loads are cut off early in the initial period when the system frequency stays, so that the system frequency can be recovered quickly.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the load shedding device 11a when the frequency drops, according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that a frequency reduction rate judging unit 31a is additionally provided.
- the same elements as those in FIG. The description of the operation will be omitted.
- the frequency reduction rate determination unit 31a determines the reduction rate of the system frequency within a predetermined range below the predetermined value. Yes, a drop rate judging unit 32a for judging the drop rate of the system frequency within a predetermined range below a predetermined value, and an undervoltage relay 33 that outputs a logical value "1" when the voltage is below a predetermined value 33 and a third AND circuit 34a that outputs a logical value "1" when the output of the drop rate determining unit 32a is a logical value "1" and the output of the undervoltage relay 33a is a logical value "0" It is composed of
- the decrease rate determination unit 32a measures the time when the input system frequency ⁇ falls below the upper limit value of the predetermined range to the lower limit value of the predetermined range, and measures the time from among a plurality of predetermined limit values. If the limit value is not exceeded, the output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as a logical value “1”. That is, the drop rate determining unit 32a outputs a plurality of types of output signals corresponding to the drop rates in accordance with the plurality of limit values.
- a plurality of limit values are set as follows. Assuming that the first limit value is 0.4 s, the second limit value is 0.5 s, the third limit value is 1.0 s, and the fourth limit value is 2.0 s, the input system frequency is Assuming that the time for ⁇ to fall below the upper limit of the predetermined range (48.8 Hz) to the lower limit of the predetermined range (48. OHz) is 0.6 s, the third limit 1.0 Since it is less than s and exceeds the second limit value 0.5 s, the output signal corresponding to the third limit value 1.0 s is output as a logical value “1”.
- the undervoltage relay 33a outputs a logical value "1" when the voltage value Va of the voltage VIa is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the reason why the undervoltage relay 33a is provided is to distinguish between a decrease in the system frequency f due to step-out and a decrease in the system frequency f due to insufficient power generated by the power system 12. This is to prevent the load from being interrupted when the system frequency f decreases.
- the third AND circuit 34a outputs a logical value "1" when the output of the decrease rate determination unit 32a is a logical value "1" and the output of the undervoltage relay 33a is a logical value "0". Things. In other words, the system frequency f is not a phenomenon of f When the rate of decrease becomes less than or equal to one of a plurality of limit values, an output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as a logical value “1”.
- the output signal of the first AND circuit 25a is a first level determination signal L1a
- the output signal of the second AND circuit 26a is a second level determination signal L2a
- the output signal of the circuit 34a is output to the load shedding unit 21a as a decrease rate determination signal Ma (T).
- the substation load shedding section 27a of the load shedding section 21a receives the first level judgment signal L1a, the second level judgment signal L2a, and the decrease rate judgment signal Ma (T), and When the logical value “1” of the level determination signal LI a of the second level determination signal continues for a predetermined period of time, or when the logical value “1” of the second level determination signal L 2 a continues for a predetermined time, or the decrease rate determination signal Ma (T ), A predetermined load is selected from loads A1 to A4, and load shedding commands a1 to a4 are output to circuit breakers 17a1 to 17a4.
- the first level judgment signals L 1 b to L 1 d and the second level judgment are also applied to the load shedding section 27 b for the B substation, the load shedding section 27 c for the C substation, and the load shedding section 27 d for the D substation.
- the signals L 2 b to L 2 d and the decrease rate judgment signals Mb (T) to Md (T) are input, and the first level judgment signal L 1 b to L 1 d and the second level judgment signal L 2 b to L 2d and one of the decrease rate judgment signals Mb (T) to Md (T) become a logical value ⁇ 1 '', and the logical value ⁇ 1 '' of the first level judgment signal L1b to L1d continues for a predetermined time.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the amount of load that performs load shedding according to the rate of decrease in the system frequency when the system frequency decreases due to insufficient generated power.
- Fig. 7 shows a case in which 48.8 Hz is set as the upper limit of the predetermined range for detecting that the system frequency has fallen below the predetermined value, and 48.0 Hz is set as the lower limit of the predetermined range. .
- limit values are set as a plurality of limit values of the time during which the system frequency decreases between the upper limit value of the frame and the lower limit value of the predetermined range, and 0.4 s is set as the first limit value, and The figure shows a case where 0.5 s is set as the second limit value, 1.0 s is set as the third limit value, and 2.0 s is set as the fourth limit value.
- the rate-of-decrease determination unit 32a starts counting time and sets the system frequency f to the lower limit of the predetermined range (48.0 Hz). ) Is monitored. The time required for the system frequency f to change from the upper limit of the predetermined range (48.8 Hz) to the lower limit of the predetermined range (48.0 Hz) is measured. Is less than or equal to 0.4 s, the second limit 0.5 s, the third limit 1.0 s, or the fourth limit 2.0 s Determine whether or not. If the value is less than one of the limit values, an output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as a logical value “1”.
- the frequency drop rate determination unit 31a From 33 to 33 d, the decrease rate judgment signals Ma (0.4) to Md (0.4) are output, and the load shedding sections 21 a to 21 d cut off 32% of the total load of the power system. This is to recover the system frequency f at an early stage because the rate of decrease in the system frequency is large.
- the frequency reduction rate determination units 31 a to 31 d output reduction rate determination signals Ma (0.5) to Md (0.5), and 24% of the total load of the power system is cut off by the load shedding sections 21a to 21d.
- the drop rate determination signals Ma (1.0) to Md (1.0) are output from the frequency drop rate determination units 31a to 31d.
- the fourth limit value is 2.0 s or less, it decreases from the frequency drop rate determination section 31a to 31d.
- the ratio judgment signals Ma (2.0) to Md (2.0) are output, and 8% of the total load of the power system is cut off by the load shedding sections 21a to 21d. If the measured time exceeds the fourth limit value 2.0 s (when the drop rate is small), the drop rate judgment signals Ma (T) to Md (T) are not output, so the load is determined by the drop rate judgment signal. No blocking is performed. As described above, the load shedding section 21a cuts off more loads as the rate of decrease of the system frequency within the predetermined range determined by the frequency decrease rate determination section 31a increases, and when the rate of decrease of the system frequency f is small. Is not rejected.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of a load shedding instruction to a load to be subjected to load shedding according to the second embodiment. As compared with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, reduction rate judgment signals Ma (T) to Md (T) are additionally assigned.
- the load A1 on the substation 14a is cut off when the first level signal L1a continues for 0.5 seconds or more, or when the second level signal L2a continues for 0.2 seconds or more. . Furthermore, it is shut off by the decrease rate judgment signals Ma (0.4), Ma (0.5), Ma (1.0) and Ma (2.0).
- the first A1 to A4, loads B1 to B4, loads C1 to C4, and loads D1 to D4, which are subject to load shedding at the substations 14a to 14d take into account the time ,
- a 2% load is connected to each of the feeders 16a1 to 16a4, feeders 16b1 to 16b4, feeders 16c1 to 16c4, and feeders 16dl to 16d4. Therefore, the maximum load to be cut off to restore the system frequency is 32%.
- the substation load shedding section 27a is composed of timers T1 to T8 each having a predetermined time limit, two outputs of the timers ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 8, and a decrease rate judgment signal Ma (0.4). , Ma (0.5), Ma (1.0), and OR circuits OR1 to OR4 that calculate the logical sum of the combination of Ma (2.0).
- the load shedding commands a l to a 4 shown in FIG. 8 are assigned to the loads to be cut off.
- the load shedding command a 1 from the OR circuit OR 1 is output from the timer Tl, ⁇ 2, Ma (0.4), Ma (0.5), Ma (1.0), Ma (2.0) ), The logical value "1" is input to the circuit breaker 17a1 and the load A1 is cut off.
- the load shedding command a 2 from the OR circuit OR2 is When a logical value “1” is input by one of the output signals from timers T3 and # 4, Ma (0.4), Ma (0.5), and Ma (1.0), breaker 17 Output to a2 and load A2 is cut off.
- the load shedding command a3 from the OR circuit OR3 receives the logical value ⁇ 1 '' by the timer T5, the output signal from the clock 6, Ma (0.4), or Ma (0.5). Is output to circuit breaker 17a3, and load A3 is cut off. Furthermore, the load shedding command a 4 from the OR circuit OR 4 is output when the logical value “1” is input by either the output signal from the timer T 7 or ⁇ 8 or Ma (0.4). The output to the circuit breaker 17a4 is cut off the load A4.
- the loads B1 to B4 that are the target of load interruption shown in Fig. 8 are composed of eight evening timers and four OR circuits.
- the load C1 to C4, the load cutoff commands bl to b4, the load cutoff commands cl to c4, and the load cutoff commands dl to d4 are assigned to the loads D1 to D4.
- the undervoltage relay devices 33 a to 33 d are provided at 31 a to 31 d in the frequency reduction rate determination unit, but the undervoltage relay devices of the frequency reduction level determination units 20 a to 20 d 24 a to 24 d may be shared.
- the undervoltage relays 33a to 33d of the frequency drop rate determining sections 31a to 31d are omitted, and the third AND circuits 34a to 34d of the frequency drop rate determining sections 31a to 31d are omitted.
- the output signals of the undervoltage relay devices 24a to 24d of the frequency reduction level determination units 20a to 20d may be input.
- the rate of decrease of the system frequency when the rate of decrease of the system frequency is large when the system frequency is decreased due to insufficient power generation, the larger the rate of decrease of the system frequency is, Since many loads are cut off earlier, the system frequency can be recovered more quickly. That is, it is possible to prevent the system frequency from staying in a state in which the decrease width is large.
- FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block configuration diagram of a load shedding device at the time of frequency drop 11a according to the embodiment.
- This third embodiment is different from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that the frequency reduction rate determination section 31a is provided with two reduction rate determination sections (first reduction rate determination section). 35 a and a second drop rate judging section 36 a) are provided, and two AND circuits (third AND circuit 34 a and fourth AND circuit 37 a) are provided accordingly. is there.
- the frequency drop rate determining unit 31a of the third embodiment has two predetermined ranges (a first predetermined range and a second predetermined range) as predetermined ranges that are equal to or lower than a predetermined value of the system frequency. .
- the first reduction rate determination unit 35a has a first predetermined range
- the second reduction rate determination unit 36a has a second predetermined range. Then, the first reduction rate determination unit 35a determines the reduction rate of the system frequency within the first predetermined range, and the second reduction rate determination unit 36a determines the system frequency within the second predetermined range. Determine the rate of decline.
- the first drop rate determination unit 35a measures the time when the input system frequency f falls below the first predetermined range, and the time is equal to or less than one of a plurality of predetermined limit values. When becomes, the output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as the logical value “1”.
- the second reduction rate determination unit 36a measures the time during which the input system frequency f falls in the second predetermined range, and determines the time at which any one of a plurality of predetermined limit values is used. If the value falls below the value, the output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as a logical value “1”. That is, the first reduction rate determination unit 35a and the second reduction rate determination unit 36a output a plurality of types of output signals corresponding to the plurality of limit values and according to the reduction rates.
- the undervoltage relay 33a outputs a logical value "1" when the system voltage is below a predetermined value.
- the third AND circuit 34a has a logic value "1” when the output of the first drop rate determination section 35a is a logical value "1" and the output of the undervoltage relay 33a is a logical value "0". 1 '', and the fourth AND circuit 37a outputs the logical value ⁇ 1 '' of the output of the second drop rate judging unit 36a and the logical value ⁇ 0 '' of the output of the undervoltage relay 33a. ”Outputs a logical value“ 1 ”. For example, in a power system with a predetermined system frequency of 50 Hz, as shown in Fig.
- the time during which the system frequency f has fallen in the first predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.5 Hz) is 0.8 s
- the time during which the first predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.5 Hz) is reduced is equal to or less than the third limit value 0.9 s of the first predetermined range. Since the second limit value 0.6 s is exceeded, the first drop rate judgment units 35 a to 35 d output the output signal corresponding to the third limit value 0.9 s as a logical value “1”. I do.
- the time during which the second predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.OHz) is lowered is equal to or less than the sixth limit value 1.3 s of the second predetermined range and the fifth limit value 0.9 s. Since it has exceeded, the second drop rate judging units 36 a to 36 d output the output signal corresponding to the sixth limit value 1.3 s as the logical value “1”.
- the outputs of the undervoltage relays 33a to 33d are logical values of ⁇ 0 '', so the second AND circuits 37a to 37d Output ⁇ 2a (1.3) to M2d (1.3) as the second reduction rate judgment signal M2a (T) to M2d (T) corresponding to the sixth limit value 1.3 s become.
- the system frequency f falls within the first predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.5 Hz).
- the first drop rate judging units 35a to 35d start counting the time and the system frequency f falls to the lower limit 48.5 Hz of the first predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.5 Hz). Monitor whether it has become.
- the time required for the system frequency f to fall to the lower limit of the first predetermined range (48.5 Hz) is measured, and the measured time is determined as the first limit value 0.5 s of the first predetermined range, Second limit 0.6 s, third limit 0.9 s, fourth limit 1.2 s, fifth limit 1.6 s, sixth limit 2.0 s It is determined whether the value is less than one of the limit values. If the value is less than one of the free time values, the output signal corresponding to the limit value is output as a logical value “1”.
- the second decrease rate determination units 36 a to 36 d start counting time and simultaneously It monitors whether f has reached the lower limit of 48. OHz in the second predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48. OHz). Then, the time required for the system frequency f to fall to the lower limit of the second predetermined range (48. OHz) is measured, and the measured time is the first limit value 0.3 s of the second predetermined range.
- the system frequency falls from the first predetermined range (48.8Hz to 48.5Hz) in 0.5 seconds.
- the second predetermined range (48.8 Hz to 48.OHz) is reduced by 0.7 s
- the first reduction rate determination units 35 a to 35 d of the frequency reduction rate determination units 31 a to 31 d The first drop rate determination signals Mla (0.6) to Mld (0.6) are output, and the second drop rate determination sections 36a to 36d output a second drop rate determination signal M2a ( 0.9) to M2d (0.9) are output.
- the load shedding sections 21 a to 21 d are the first reduction rate determination sections 35 a to 35 d of the frequency reduction rate determination sections 31 a to 31 d, and the first reduction rate determination signal Mla (0.6)
- ⁇ Mld (0.6) is output, 16% of the full load of the power system is cut off, and the second reduction rate of the frequency reduction rate determination units 31a to 31d Judgment unit 36 a to 36 d force, and when the second reduction rate judgment signal M 2 a (0.9) to M 2 d (0.9) is output, 6 Cut off%.
- the system voltage rises temporarily according to the cut off load. Therefore, if a large amount of load is cut off at once, the rise of the system voltage also increases, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the system voltage at a predetermined value.
- the over-excitation protection relay of the generator connected to the power system may operate.
- a VZF relay that operates when the ratio (V / F) between the terminal voltage of the generator and the system frequency exceeds a predetermined value is installed in the generator as an over-excitation protection relay, and the system frequency f decreases. If the system voltage rises in this state, the VZF relay will operate and the generator may be disconnected from the power system. When the generator frequency is reduced due to the lack of generated power in the entire power system and the load is cut off to restore the system frequency, but the generator is disconnected from the power system, the entire power system is generated. Insufficient electric power makes it difficult to maintain a stable operation state of the electric power system.
- the system frequency is greatly reduced and the power system load is cut off in two stages to recover the system frequency f early.
- the system frequency drops due to insufficient power generation, as a result, when 22% of the total load of the entire power system is cut off, as described above, the 16% load is cut off in the first stage and the second Shut off 6% load in stages.
- the grid voltage rises temporarily.However, the grid voltage rises compared to the case where 22% of the entire load of the entire power system is cut off at once. Is suppressed.
- the temporarily increased system voltage is adjusted by the automatic voltage regulator AVR, which adjusts the terminal voltage of the generator, so that the terminal voltage of the generator becomes a predetermined value.
- the system voltage shows a tendency to recover. In this state, the load of 6% of the total load of the entire power system is cut off in the second stage, so the rise of the system voltage due to the load cut is also suppressed.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of assignment of a load shedding command to a load to be subjected to load shedding according to the third embodiment.
- the reduction rate determination signals Ma (T) to Md (T) instead of the reduction rate determination signals Ma (T) to Md (T), first reduction rate determination signals Mla (T) to Mld (T) And the second decrease rate determination signals M2a (T) to M2d (T) are additionally allocated.
- the load A1 of the substation 14a is cut off when the first level signal L1a continues for 0.5 seconds or more, or when the second level signal L2a continues for 0.2 seconds or more. Furthermore, the first decreasing rate half U constant signal M 1 a (0.5), Ml a (0.6), Ml a (0.9), Mi a (1.2), Mi a (1.6) ), Also blocked by Mi a (2. 0).
- the load substations 14 a to 14 d are similarly subject to load A 1 to A 4, load B 1 to B 4, load C 1 to C 4, and load D 1 to D 4, taking into account the time limit.
- Level signal L 1 a to L 1 d and the second level signal L 2 a to L 2 d, and further, the first drop rate determination signal M 1 a (T) to Mld (T) and the second drop rate Judgment signals ⁇ 2 a (T) to M2d (T) are assigned.
- each of the feeders 16a1 to 16a4, the feeders 16b1 to 16b4, and the feeders 16c Since 2% loads are connected to ⁇ 16c4 and feeders 16d1 ⁇ 16d4, the maximum load to be cut off to recover the system frequency is 32%.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit configuration diagram of the load interrupting unit 27a for the substation A of the load interrupting unit according to the third embodiment.
- a substation load shedding section 27a includes timers T1 to T8 each having a predetermined time limit, two outputs of the timers ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 8, and a first drop rate determination signal ⁇ 1a. (0.5), Mla (0.6), Mla (0.9), Mia (1.2), Mia (1.6), Mia (2.0) and second drop Rate judgment signal M2a (0.3), M2a (0.4), M2a (0.5), M2a (0.6), M2a (0.9), M2a (1.
- OR circuits for calculating the logical sum of the combination of 3 Timer T1 to T8 and OR circuit ORl to OR4 realize the assignment of the load shedding commands al to a4 to the load to be load shed shown in Fig. 12.
- the load shedding command a1 from the OR circuit OR1 is the output signal from the timer Tl, ⁇ 2, Mia (0.5), Mla (0.6), Mla (0.9), Mla (l. 2), Mla (1.6) or Mla (2.0), when a logical value ⁇ 1 '' is input, it is output to the breaker 17a1 and the load A1 Is shut off.
- the load shedding command a 2 from the OR circuit OR 2 is output from the timer T3, ⁇ 4, Mi a (0.5), Mi a (0.6), Mi a (0.9), When a logical value “1” is input by either Mi a (1.2) or Ml (1.6), it is output to circuit breaker 17a2 and load A2 is cut off.
- the load cutoff command a3 from the OR circuit OR3 is cut off when a logical value "1" is input by either the output signal from the timer T5 or ⁇ 6 or Mia (0.5). Output to the heater 17a3 and the load A3 is cut off. Further, the load shedding command a 4 from the OR circuit OR 4 is output from the timer T7, ⁇ 8, ⁇ 2a (0.3), M2a (0.4), 2a (0.5), When a logical value of ⁇ 1 '' is input by one of M2a (0.6), M2a (0.9), and M2a (1.3), it is output to circuit breaker 17a4. Load A4 is cut off.
- Each substation consists of four OR circuits.Each of the substations has eight timers and four OR circuits.
- the harm of load C1 to C4, load shedding command bl to b4, load shedding command c1 to c4, and load shedding command d1 to d4 to load D1 to D4 (j.
- the shield cross it can suppress the increase of the system voltage accompanying the finely load shedding.
- the rate of decrease in the system frequency is high when the system frequency is reduced, load shedding is performed in multiple stages, thereby suppressing an increase in system voltage due to the load shedding. Therefore, the operation of the over-excitation protection relay can be prevented, and the generator can be prevented from being disconnected from the power system.
- the frequency drop load shedding device of the present invention can be applied to recover a frequency drop caused by a shortage of generated power in a power system. That is, since the load is cut off according to the degree of recovery of the system frequency, the system frequency can be recovered within a predetermined range. In addition, when the rate of decrease in the system frequency is large, the greater the rate of decrease in the system frequency, the sooner a large load is cut off, so that the system frequency can be recovered more quickly. At that time, if necessary, load shedding is performed so as to suppress the rise in system voltage due to load shedding, so that, for example, the operation of the over-excitation protection relay can be prevented, and the generator is disconnected from the power grid. Can be prevented.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006519117A JPWO2005101607A1 (ja) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | 周波数低下時負荷遮断装置 |
EP04726796A EP1739806A4 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | LAST INTERRUPTION IN FREQUENCY REDUCTION |
KR1020067022433A KR20070036034A (ko) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | 주파수 저하시 부하 차단 장치 |
CNA2004800427158A CN1938920A (zh) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | 欠频减载保护系统 |
US11/578,019 US20070222294A1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | Underfrequency Load Shedding Protection System |
CA 2558356 CA2558356A1 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | Load interrupter upon lowering of frequency |
PCT/JP2004/005127 WO2005101607A1 (ja) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | 周波数低下時負荷遮断装置 |
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PCT/JP2004/005127 WO2005101607A1 (ja) | 2004-04-09 | 2004-04-09 | 周波数低下時負荷遮断装置 |
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US (1) | US20070222294A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1739806A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005101607A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070036034A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1938920A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2558356A1 (ja) |
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- 2004-04-09 EP EP04726796A patent/EP1739806A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-09 US US11/578,019 patent/US20070222294A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-09 CA CA 2558356 patent/CA2558356A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-09 KR KR1020067022433A patent/KR20070036034A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-09 WO PCT/JP2004/005127 patent/WO2005101607A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (7)
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JP2011050152A (ja) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 系統安定化システム |
KR20140064813A (ko) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-05-28 | 오픈 에너지 리미티드 | 응답 부하 제어 방법 |
KR102069658B1 (ko) | 2011-08-03 | 2020-01-23 | 오픈 에너지 리미티드 | 응답 부하 제어 방법 |
KR20180064974A (ko) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-15 | 에이비비 에스.피.에이 | 전기 전력 분산 마이크로-그리드를 제어하기 위한 방법 |
JP2018137974A (ja) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-08-30 | エービービー・エス.ピー.エー.ABB S.p.A. | 電力分配マイクログリッドを制御する方法 |
JP7085336B2 (ja) | 2016-12-06 | 2022-06-16 | エービービー・エス.ピー.エー. | 電力分配マイクログリッドを制御する方法 |
KR102558715B1 (ko) | 2016-12-06 | 2023-07-21 | 에이비비 에스.피.에이 | 전기 전력 분산 마이크로-그리드를 제어하기 위한 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2558356A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
KR20070036034A (ko) | 2007-04-02 |
JPWO2005101607A1 (ja) | 2007-08-30 |
CN1938920A (zh) | 2007-03-28 |
EP1739806A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
EP1739806A4 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
US20070222294A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
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