WO2005094866A1 - アディポネクチン発現誘導剤およびその利用 - Google Patents
アディポネクチン発現誘導剤およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005094866A1 WO2005094866A1 PCT/JP2005/006357 JP2005006357W WO2005094866A1 WO 2005094866 A1 WO2005094866 A1 WO 2005094866A1 JP 2005006357 W JP2005006357 W JP 2005006357W WO 2005094866 A1 WO2005094866 A1 WO 2005094866A1
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6875—Nucleoproteins
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/92—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving lipids, e.g. cholesterol, lipoproteins, or their receptors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
- G01N2500/10—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value involving cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/04—Endocrine or metabolic disorders
- G01N2800/044—Hyperlipemia or hypolipemia, e.g. dyslipidaemia, obesity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adiponectin expression inducer, particularly to an agent capable of inducing adiponectin expression via KLF9, and a drug for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or a heart disease using the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a substance capable of inducing the expression of adiponectin, a method for screening a drug for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or a heart disease using the same, and a cell used for the same.
- Obesity is defined as an increase in the amount of adipose tissue and has a high risk of developing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease (Non-Patent Document 1, 2).
- Adipose tissue itself functions as a tissue that performs triglyceride (TG) storage and free fatty acid (FFA) Z-glycerol release in response to changing energy demands (Non-Patent Document 1).
- Adipose tissue includes FFA (Non-patent Document 3), adipsin (Non-patent Document 4), tumor necrosis factor ⁇ (Non-patent Document 5), lebutin (Non-patent Document 6), plasminogen-activating factor It is also an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active substances called ⁇ adivokines '' such as child 1 (Non-Patent Document 7) and resistin (Non-Patent Document 8), and regulates various types of energy homeostasis. Go to
- Adiponectin or Acrp30 is an adipose tissue-derived hormone having multiple biological functions.
- plasma adiponectin levels decrease (Non-Patent Document 13).
- Experimental ability using mice has been confirmed that administration of adiponectin lowers blood glucose concentration and improves insulin resistance (Non-patent Documents 14 to 16).
- adiponectin is deficient in mice, the pathology of insulin resistance and diabetes appears (Non-Patent Documents 17, 18).
- Non-Patent Documents 21 and 22 The activity of inducing insulin sensitivity by adiponectin is enhanced through PPARa activation (non-specific References 19 and 20) and acutely through AMP kinase (Non-Patent Documents 21 and 22) are expected to be induced by increased fatty acid oxidation. Endothelial cells (Human aortic endothelial cells: HAEC) and macrophages may have anti-atherogenic properties such as anti-inflammatory effects (Non-Patent Documents 23 and 24). When adiponectin is highly expressed in ApoE-deficient mice, the expression of molecules involved in inflammation decreases, and concomitant improvement of atherosclerosis has been shown (Non-Patent Documents 19 and 25).
- Non-Patent Documents 17, 26 Recently, it has been reported that cDNAs encoding adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) 1 and 2 have been cloned (Non-Patent Document 27, Patent Document 1). AdipoRl is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas AdipoR2 is mainly expressed in the liver. Adi poRl and R2 contain seven transmembrane domains (Non-patent document 27), but are predicted to be structurally and functionally distinct from G protein-coupled receptors (Non-patent documents 28-30) Has been done.
- AdipoRl and R2 act as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin, AMPK (Non-Patent Documents 21 and 22), PPAR o; ligand activation (Non-Patent Documents 19 and 20), fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by Adiponectin (Non-Patent Documents 19 and 20).
- Non-patent document 27 Non-patent document 27).
- Patent document 1 WO2004 / 061108
- Non-Patent Document l Spiegelman, B.M. & Flier, J.S., Cell 87, 377-389 (1996).
- Non-Patent Document 2 Friedman, J.M., Nature 404, 632-634 (2000).
- Non-Patent Document 3 White, R.T. et al, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9210-9213 (1992).
- Non-Patent Document 4 Hotamisligil, G.S.et.al, Science 259, 87-91, (1993).
- Non-Patent Document 5 Zhang, Y. et al., Nature 372, 425-432, (1994).
- Non-Patent Document 6 Shulman, G.I., J. Clin.Invest. 106, 171-176 (2000).
- Non-Patent Document 7 Shimomura, I. et al., Nat.Med. 2, 800-803 (1996).
- Non-Patent Document 8 Steppan, CM.et al., Nature 409, 307-312 (2001).
- Non-Patent Document 9 Scherer, P.E. et al "J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26746-26749 (1995).
- Non-Patent Document 10 Hu, E “Liang, P. & Spiegelman, B.M., J. Biol. Chem. 271,
- Non-Patent Document ll Maeda, K. et al. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.221, 286-296 (1996).
- Non-Patent Document 12 Nakano, Y “et al” J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 120, 802-812 (1996).
- Non-Patent Document 13 Hotta, K. et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 20, 1595-1599,
- Non-Patent Document 14 Fruebis, J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98, 2005-2010
- Non-Patent Document 15 Yamauchi, T. et al., Nat.Med. 7, 941-946 (2001).
- Non-Patent Document 16 Berg, A.H. et al "Nat. Med. 7, 947-953 (2001).
- Non-Patent Document 17 Kubota, N. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25863-25866 (2002).
- Non-Patent Document 18 Maeda, N. et al "Nat. Med. 8,731-737 (2002).
- Non-Patent Document 19 Kersten, S. et al, Nature 405, 421-424 (2000).
- Non-Patent Document 20 Yamauchi, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278, 2461-2468 (2003).
- Non-Patent Document 21 Yamauchi, T. et al "Nat. Med. 8, 1288-1295 (2002).
- Non-Patent Document 22 Tomas, E. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99, 16309-16313.
- Non-Patent Document 23 Ouchi, N. et al., Circulation 103, 1057-1063 (2001).
- Non-Patent Document 24 Yokota, T. et al, Blood 96, 1723-1732 (2000).
- Non-Patent Document 25 Okamoto, Y. et al., Circulation 106, 2767-2770 (2002).
- Non-Patent Document 26 Matsuda, M. et al "J. Biol. Chem. 277, 37487-37491 (2002).
- Non-Patent Document 27 Yamauchi, T. et al., Nature 423, 762-769 (2003).
- Non-Patent Document 28 Wess, J., FASEB. J. 11, 346-354 (1997).
- Non-Patent Document 29 Yokomizo, T. et al., Nature 387, 620-624 (1997).
- Non-Patent Document 30 Scheer, A. et al, EMBO. J. 15, 3566-3578 (1996).
- the present invention firstly aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of adiponectin production suppression depending on adipocyte hypertrophy, secondly, to elucidate factors that can increase the expression of adiponectin gene, and thirdly, to elucidate adiponectin It is intended to provide an expression inducer and a therapeutic agent for obesity and related diseases using the same, for example, a cardiovascular disease or a metabolic disease. Make it an issue.
- adiponectin ZAcrp30 is a hormone secreted by fat cells and acts as an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic adivocaine.
- Adiponectin Z Acrp30 transcription is reduced in obese adipose tissue, and this reduction is involved in the development of insulin resistance in obesity.
- the present inventors have created a hypertrophic fat cell model for specifying the position of the promoter region of the adiponectin gene in order to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the transcription control of the adiponectin gene.
- the promoter activity of a region containing from 1367 base pairs (bp) to +35 bp of a promoter provided with a luciferase gene as a reporter gene was examined. High levels of luciferase activity were detected in adipocytes transfected with a plasmid containing only 156 bp of the adiponectin promoter. On the other hand, in hypertrophic adipocytes, expression of only the reporter gene having 217 bp of the upstream regulatory region of the adiponectin gene was suppressed.
- ESA electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- a 32 bp fragment from the start of transcription of the adiponectin gene to positions 188 to 157 is expressed in nuclear extracts prepared from both adipocytes and adipose tissue. It has been shown to bind to proteins. Delayed electrophoretic mobility of 32 bp elements in nuclear extracts prepared from these cells or tissues in small adipocytes compared to large adipocytes, or in adipose tissue of lean mice compared to obese mice There are many substances that cause it to be present. Using the yeast one-hybrid screening method, the nuclear factor that binds to the above 32 bp fragment was identified.
- KLF9 Kruppel-like factor 9
- This KLF9 binds to the above element, and its binding amount is determined in vitro and in vivo. And the expression level of KLF9.
- cotransfection experiments indicated that transient overexpression of KLF9 enhanced adiponectin promoter activity in a dose-dependent and specific manner. Suppression of KLF9 expression by siRNA in vitro and overexpression of KLF9 and knockout of KLF9 in vivo resulted in changes in endogenous adiponectin mRNA.
- KLF9 regulates the transcription of adiponectin.
- a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a metabolic disease or a heart disease comprising the adiponectin expression inducer according to 1 or 2 as an active ingredient.
- a cell for screening adiponectin expression inducing substance which contains a reporter gene having at least the following (1) or (2) a potent element.
- the cell according to 4 or 5 above which is an adipocyte. 7. The cell according to the above 4 or 5, which is a hypertrophic adipocyte.
- a method for screening an adiponectin expression inducer comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a screening method for an adiponectin expression inducer comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a method for screening a drug for preventing or treating obesity or a disease related thereto comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- a method for screening a drug for preventing or treating obesity or a disease related thereto comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- FIG. 1 Triglyceride content (TG) (a), glucose intake (b), and mRNA levels of adiponectin and resistin in 3T3L1 cells during the process of fat cell separation and enlargement It is a graph which shows (c).
- C The mRNA levels of adiponectin and resistin in 3T3L1 adipocytes during the process of adipocyte sorting and hypertrophy were measured by TaqMan realim reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The results were shown as relative values obtained by standardizing the expression level of adiponectin or resistin based on the 36B4 mRNA level. Data represent the average results obtained from three independent series of experiments. Adipocyte hypertrophy reduces adiponectin mRNA levels in 3T3L1 adipocytes, which leads to a decrease in glucose uptake.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the results of measuring adiponectin promoter activity in 3T3L1 cells in the process of dividing and expanding fat cells.
- a adiponectin promoter activity in 3T3 L1 cells in the process of adipocyte shunting and hypertrophy
- b adiponectin promoter activity after incubation of 3T3L1 cells 10 days after shunting induction with the indicated concentration of TNF a
- c TNF Q
- the (1367 / + 35) -luciferase gene (Luc) expression vector of the adiponectin promoter was temporarily introduced into 3T3L1 cells.
- the cause of decreased adiponectin promoter activity in hypertrophic adipocytes is a signal transduction pathway other than TNFa.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an analysis result of an adiponectin promoter region.
- a Reporter when a reporter gene having an adiponectin promoter 5 'deletion gene was transfected into a 3T3L1 adipocyte 10 or 19 days after induction (day 10 or 19, respectively) by placing it on a vector and temporarily introducing it.
- 4 is a graph showing the results of examining (luciferase) activity.
- b A photograph showing the results of EMSA analysis of a nuclear protein extract prepared from 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10 or day 19) and using the illustrated adiponectin promoter 5 and the deleted sequence as a 32 P-labeled probe. It is.
- FIG. Panel d The result of inserting a 188 / -157 fragment upstream of the enhancer-free vector pGL2-tK-Luc and introducing this vector into 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10 and day 19) and assaying luciferase activity.
- FIG. Panel d results are expressed as ratios of control vector values. The bars in the results represent the mean SE from three separate experiments. The data in panels b, c represent representative results from three independent series of experiments. In hypertrophic adipocytes, the adiponectin promoter is regulated through a proximal 32 bp promoter element.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the results of analysis of factors binding to the adiponectin promoter region in nuclear extracts of 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10). Panels ad, f show the EMSA analysis results.
- a An antibody that specifically recognizes KLF9 or NF- ⁇ 65, a nuclear extract from 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10) and 293T cells, and a radiolabeled NF- ⁇ B consensus sequence (p65 site) EMSA analysis results when incubated in the presence or absence
- b (right panel) Nuclear extract of 3T3L1 adipocytes (2 lanes on the left: day 10, 2 lanes on the right: day 19) and the adiponectin promoter region ( -188Z-157) Labeled 32 bp oligonucleotide probe was incubated in the presence or absence of anti-KLF3 antibody.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph and a diagram showing the results of analyzing the expression levels of KLF3 and KLF9 in adipocytes.
- a, b KLF3 mRNA (a, upper) or KLF9 mRNA (a) present in WAT (ac) from 3T3L1 adipocytes, lean control C57BL6 or obesity model obZob mice after the indicated days have passed
- FIG. 3 shows photographs in which the expression level of (middle) was analyzed by Northern analysis, graphs in which the band intensities were numerically plotted, and photographs showing the results of analyzing the expression level of mKLF9 protein (b) by Western analysis.
- the arrow in panel b indicates KLF9.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram and a photograph showing the results of analyzing the effect of KLF9 overexpression on adiponectin expression.
- a A vector (KLF9 / pcDNA3.1) that expresses KLF in 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19) and a vector that has a reporter (luciferase) gene downstream of the adiponectin promoter ((1367Z + 35) (“ 1367bp-Luc ”), and analyzed the effect of high expression of KLF9. The results are shown as specific activity when“ Mock ”(pcDNA3.1 only) was set to 1.
- PDGF is a KLF recognition sequence B: Positive control that induces expression of the KLF family with KLF9 / pcDNA3.1 transfected into 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19) by the lipofection method. The result of measuring the expression level of KLF9 mRNA by Taq-manPCR.
- 1/3000 and 1Z1000 indicate the dilution rate when the vector was introduced by the lipofection method, and “0” indicates the case without the introduction c: PDGF-tk-Luc or 32bp-tk-luc as the reporter MKLF5 / pcDNA on retained 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19)
- the rate of increase in the expression of the reporter gene when 3.1 or mKLF9 / pcDNA3.1 was introduced is shown as the activity ratio without transfection d: 3T3Ll adipocytes (day 19) using retroviral vector V
- the vertical axis “mKLF9 / 36B4” indicates the KLF9 mRNA expression rate corrected by the 36B4 mRNA expression level.
- 3T3L1 adipocyte The results obtained by measuring the adiponectin expression level when the KLF9 gene was stably introduced using a retroviral vector on day 19)
- e K The LF9 prepare nuclear protein extracts from 3T3L1
- FIG. 7 is a diagram and a photograph showing the results of analyzing the effect of KLF9 knockdown by siRNA on adiponectin expression.
- a The amounts of KLF3, KLF9 and adiponectin mRNA after 72 hours and 96 hours after introduction of siRNA against KLF9 into 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10). The results are shown as relative ratios when the activity was 100% when siRNA was introduced.
- FIG. 8 A nuclear protein extract was prepared from the WAT of a KLF9 knockout mouse or a control wild-type littermate, and a 32 P-labeled iridescent probe was prepared by using the KLF9 consensus sequence (BTE) or the adiponectin promoter (-188 / -157) sequence. It is a photograph showing the result of performing EMSA analysis by using as an example. Knockout of KLF9 eliminated the KLF9 protein and also eliminated the 32 bp binding protein.
- [9] is a diagram showing the mechanism by which adipocyte hypertrophy regulates KLF9 expression in adipocytes.
- TR o thyroid hormone receptor a
- b TR a mRNA expression level in lean mouse C57BL and obese mouse ob / ob.
- c The expression level of KLF9 mRNA when treated with the indicated concentration of T3 is shown as a ratio to the expression level of 36B4 mRNA.
- NAC N-acetyl cysteine
- FIG. 10 is a view showing that oxidative stress increases with the enlargement of fat cells.
- FIG. 11 is a view showing that the antioxidant activity decreases with the enlargement of fat cells.
- the bar is
- the present invention first provides an adiponectin expression inducer.
- the present inventors have found that KLF9 induces adiponectin expression. That is, the adiponectin expression inducer of the present invention comprises a KLF9 protein or a DNA capable of expressing KLF9 as a component.
- KLF9 is a type of protein belonging to a superfamily called a kurtzpel-like zinc finger protein.
- An example of a specific amino acid sequence of KLF9 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- KLF9 of the present invention is not limited to this. Proteins include heterologous homologs and variants having similar functions having the same function, and variants having the same function by artificially modifying the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 appropriately. Can also be obtained. Therefore, a protein having an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and having an activity of inducing an adiponectin gene is also encompassed in KLF9 of the present invention. .
- KLF9 can be obtained from cells and tissues of humans and mice. For example, even small adipocytes have high expression of KLF9, and thus can be isolated from unadulterated adipocytes and tissues as a material. Alternatively, it can also be conveniently obtained by connecting the DNA described in SEQ ID NO: 1 to an expression vector and expressing it in a cell system or a cell-free system.
- substitution of amino acids can be mentioned. It is considered that substitution between amino acids having similar properties is likely to maintain protein activity.
- Groups of amino acids corresponding to conservative substitutions include, for example, basic amino acids (eg, lysine, arginine, histidine), acidic amino acids (eg, aspartic acid, glutamic acid), and uncharged polar amino acids (eg, glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine).
- non-polar amino acids eg, alanine, palin, leucine, isoleucine, proline
- non-polar amino acids eg, alanine, palin, leucine, isoleucine, proline
- examples include phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan
- e-branched amino acids eg, threonine, valine, isoleucine
- aromatic amino acids eg, tyrosine, furalanine, triptophan, histidine.
- non-conservative substitutions of amino acid sequences are sometimes effective.
- non-conservative substitutions can be made to improve the activity of inducing adiponectin expression in the KLF9 protein, and such improved KLF9 proteins are also included in the present invention.
- a DNA similar to the DNA described in SEQ ID NO: 2 is cloned by hybridization to obtain the obtained DNA protein.
- Methods can be mentioned. Specifically, DNA encoding KLF9 shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof is used as a probe, and DNA hybridizing with the DNA is isolated. If hybridization is performed under stringent conditions, highly homologous DNA is selected as the base sequence, and the resulting isolated protein may have a protein functionally equivalent to KLF9. Is high.
- a highly homologous base sequence can show, for example, 70% or more, preferably 90% or more identity.
- the stringent conditions include, for example, conditions such as 6 ⁇ SSC, 40% formamide, hybridization at 25 ° C., and IX SSC, washing at 55 ° C.
- Stringency depends on conditions such as salt concentration, formamide concentration, or temperature. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can set these conditions so as to obtain a necessary stringency.
- KLF9 derived from a mouse as shown in the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2 an animal species other than a mouse, that is, human, rat, porcupine, pig
- an animal species other than a mouse that is, human, rat, porcupine, pig
- the homolog of KLF9 encoded by a polynucleotide that can also provide the strength of an animal species such as a goat will constitute a functionally equivalent protein.
- a method for obtaining a protein functionally equivalent to KLF9 includes the method of SEQ ID NO:
- Examples include a method in which the DNA described in 1 is modified, and a protein is synthesized based on the modified DNA.
- the protein encoded by a protein obtained by artificially modifying mouse KLF9 (SEQ ID NO: 2) or a polynucleotide isolated using the above-described techniques such as hybridization and hybridization is usually used.
- High homology refers to sequence identity of at least 30% or more, preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more (eg, 95% or more).
- the identity of the nucleotide sequence or amino acid sequence can be determined using a homology search site using the Internet.
- DDBJ Japan DNA Data Bank
- Homology search is available
- NCBI National Enter for Biotechnology Information
- KLF9 a protein functionally equivalent to KLF9 actually has the same function as KLF9 described in SEQ ID NO: 2, that is, whether it has adiponectin expression-inducing activity, was confirmed using luciferase analysis and the like described in Examples of the present application. I can do it.
- Another component of the adiponectin expression inducer of the present invention is a DNA encoding KLF9 or a vector carrying the DNA.
- An example of the DNA encoding KLF9 is a DNA having the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- DNA also has homologs and variants having similar nucleotide sequences having the same function as proteins, and also has the same function by artificially modifying the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Such a DNA having a sequence similar to SEQ ID NO: 1 can be defined as, for example, a DNA that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 under stringent conditions.
- the "DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions” is, as described above, a DNA that uses the DNA encoding KLF9 shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof as a probe and can hybridize thereto.
- the stringent conditions are, as an example, as described above, for example, 6 ⁇ SSC, 40% formamide, hybridization at 25 ° C., and washing at 1 ⁇ SSC, 55 ° C. And! /, I.e. conditions are not limited to this!
- the DNA encoding KLF9 may be used in the form of a fragment, or may be used by connecting it to a vector.
- the vector can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- vectors that can function in mammalian cells such as humans such as retrovirus vectors, adenovirus vectors, adeno-associated virus vectors, and lentiviruses Virus vectors, pcDNAI, pcDNAI / Amp (Invitrogen) and the like.
- the modes of use of the adiponectin expression inducer of the present invention include (1) induction of endogenous or exogenous adiponectin gene expression in experimental animals, and (2) expression of endogenous or exogenous adiponectin gene present in cultured cells. And (3) induction of adiponectin gene expression in a cell-free system.
- an adiponectin expression inducer containing, as a component, DNA encoding KLF9 held in a vector.
- Gene transfer into cells, tissues, and the like can be performed using viral vector administration or existing transfer techniques (e.g., electroporation, lipofection, calcium phosphate precipitation).
- a vector containing DNA or a KLF9 protein may have a shift as a component.
- adiponectin expression inducer of the present invention is an effective agent for functional analysis of adiponectin because it can induce adiponectin expression in experimental animals, cultured cells, and cell-free systems.
- Adiponectin is also an important factor involved in obesity or related diseases, for example, metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis. Therefore, this drug greatly contributes to the study of such diseases.
- the present invention secondly relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating obesity or diseases related thereto, comprising the above-mentioned adiponectin expression inducer as an active ingredient.
- adiponectin is an important factor involved in obesity or related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis. Many of these diseases have hypoadiponectinemia. Therefore, by combining the above-mentioned adiponectin expression inducer as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier as appropriate, it can be applied as a pharmaceutical composition for treating obesity or a disease related thereto. can do.
- the disease targeted by the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is obesity or a disease related thereto, for example, a metabolic disease, a heart disease and the like.
- a metabolic disease for example, a metabolic disease, a heart disease and the like.
- metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia
- cardiovascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and fatty liver.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is particularly effective when it is accompanied by hypoadiponectinemia or when there is a possibility of causing hypoadiponectinemia.
- hypoadiponectinemia By improving the cause of these diseases or hypoadiponectinemia caused by these diseases by the adiponectin expression inducer contained in the present pharmaceutical composition, prevention, treatment, alleviation of the disease, etc. of the above diseases can be achieved. it can.
- the adiponectin expression inducer is as described above.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means excipients, diluents, extenders, disintegrants, stabilizers, preservatives, buffers or other additives and the like. By using one or more of such carriers, oral or parenteral formulations can be prepared.
- the dose of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be appropriately adjusted depending on the target disease or disease state. Generally, it is usually 1 ⁇ g to 20 g per lkg of body weight, more usually 10 g to 500 mg. can do. In the case of injections, the dose can be about 1/10 to 1/100 of the oral dose.
- the present invention thirdly provides a cell for screening for an adiponectin expression inducer.
- the present inventors have identified an element to which KLF9 binds within the regulatory region of the adiponectin gene. The binding of KLF9 to this element promotes adiponectin expression. Therefore, by searching for a substance having the same activity as KLF9, it becomes possible to screen for an adiponectin expression-inducing factor in place of KLF9.
- This factor may be a protein such as KLF9, but is preferably a low molecular weight compound. If it is a low molecular compound, there is a high possibility that it can be used as it is as a lead compound for drug discovery.
- the first embodiment of the cell of the present invention is a cell holding a reporter gene provided at least upstream with an element to which KLF9 can bind (hereinafter referred to as "KLF9 binding element"). That is, the KLF9 binding element, which is an enhancer element (cis factor) that promotes expression of the adiponectin gene by KLF9, is contained in the cell of the first embodiment. It is provided upstream of one gene.
- KLF9 binding element which is an enhancer element (cis factor) that promotes expression of the adiponectin gene by KLF9
- the KLF9 binding element preferably includes, for example, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 corresponding to the region from -188 to -157 upstream of the adiponectin gene.
- the full length (SEQ ID NO: 3) of the control region of the adiponectin gene having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 is part thereof (for example, SEQ ID NO: 5). 4) may be provided upstream of the reporter gene.
- the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5 can also be modified as long as it is a sequence to which KLF9 binds and retains an activity capable of inducing adiponectin gene expression by KLF9.
- a variant of the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5 can be a base sequence having a deletion, addition, substitution, or insertion of one or more bases in the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the modification of the nucleotide sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 5 can be performed using a point mutation introduction technique.
- a reporter gene is used herein as a concept that is broader than a generally used term that is not particularly limited as long as its expression can be confirmed.
- a reporter gene in this document is a gene whose expression can be detected using luminescence as an index (eg, luciferase gene, GFP gene, YFP gene, etc.), or a gene whose expression can be detected using enzyme activity as an index (
- general reporter genes such as lio8-galactosidase gene
- genes whose expression can be detected using drug sensitivity as an index neomycin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, etc.
- the adiponectin gene itself is also reported. It can be included in the concept of a porter gene.
- reporter gene is understood in a broad sense unless otherwise specified.
- an adiponectin gene having a unique control region (eg, SEQ ID NO: 3, etc.), for example, SEQ ID NO: 6, can be used.
- the adiponectin gene in this configuration may be replaced by another common reporter gene as described above.
- other control regions may be deleted so that only the KLF9 binding element (for example, SEQ ID NO: 5) remains in the control regions.
- the upstream sequence of the reporter gene is linked to the regulatory region of the adiponectin gene.
- it may be constructed by inserting a KLF9 binding element upstream of a general reporter gene.
- the adiponectin gene may be a gene that is endogenous to a cell or a gene that is introduced from a foreign source.
- a second embodiment of the cell of the present invention is a cell further comprising a DNA encoding KLF9 in the first embodiment.
- the cell of the second embodiment, in which the KLF9 gene is further retained in the first embodiment, is useful for screening for a substance capable of inducing the expression of the adiponectin gene through the induction of the expression of the KLF9 gene.
- the present inventors have found that the expression of the KLF9 gene, particularly the expression of the transcription level, decreases in correlation with the decrease in the expression of adiponectin during the process of adipocyte hypertrophy.
- the cell of the second embodiment is useful for the search for a substance that inhibits a substance that suppresses the expression of the KLF9 gene in large or hypertrophic adipocytes, in addition to the usefulness of the cell of the first embodiment. Become.
- the "DNA encoding KLF9" is the same as the DNA encoding KLF9 described in the description of the adiponectin expression inducer, and the scope of this term is also the same.
- a DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 can be mentioned.
- the DNA having the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 can be used as long as it retains the activity capable of inducing the expression of adiponectin. Includes DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions with the nucleotide sequence.
- the DNA encoding KLF9 may be endogenous to the cell or may be a cell introduced from a foreign source. These KLF9-encoding DNAs are preferably provided with the upstream control region of the KLF9 gene.
- the cell type in the first and second embodiments is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, derived from a mammalian cell, and is a cell type that normally expresses adiponectin in vivo. There are more preferred,.
- Cells expressing adiponectin in the living body are, for example, adipocytes.
- adipocytes When fat cells are used, small fat cells and enlarged fat cells can be appropriately selected and used.
- differentiation can be induced using adipocytes (eg, 3T3L1 adipocytes) as a starting material with reference to the examples.
- Adipocyte differentiation can be induced by culturing the cells in a differentiation induction medium.
- a "reporter gene having a KLF9 binding element upstream in the cells of the first and second embodiments” and a “gene encoding KLF9" in the cells of the second embodiment are introduced into cells from a foreign source.
- the DNA can be carried on a vector or the like and introduced into cells.
- the vector in this case can be appropriately selected and used.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening a substance capable of inducing the expression of adiponectin.
- the screening method of the first aspect is a method using the cells of the first aspect. Specifically, the following steps (1) to (3) are included.
- the screening method of the second embodiment is a method using the cells of the second embodiment, and specifically includes the following steps (1) to (3).
- V and the mode of deviation are common in that a substance capable of inducing the expression of the target adiponectin gene can be searched for, but have characteristics according to the function of the cell used.
- a substance capable of inducing the expression of the target adiponectin gene can be searched for, but have characteristics according to the function of the cell used.
- using a cell carrying a reporter gene having a KLF9 binding element! Therefore, it becomes possible to screen for a substance that acts on the KLF9 binding element in place of KLF9 and can induce the expression of adiponectin.
- a substance that inhibits the suppression of KLF9 expression in hypertrophic fat cells can be screened.
- the test substance in the first and second embodiments is a protein, a nucleic acid, a low molecular compound. And the like, but there is no particular limitation. They do not matter whether natural or synthetic. Nucleic acids can include nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) decoys that mimic all or part of the KLF9 protein. The nucleic acid may include not only naturally occurring bases but also those synthesized with artificial bases which do not exist in nature. Small molecule compounds may include compound libraries synthesized by combinatorial chemistry.
- test substance is added to a culture medium for culturing the cells.
- test substance is a nucleic acid
- a conventional gene transfer technique for example, a method in which the test substance is covered with a lipid molecule such as ribosome or a salt such as calcium phosphate and introduced by utilizing the phagocytosis of cells, or by electrical stimulation, etc.
- Methods for introducing cells, microinjection, gene gun and the like can be used.
- the expression of the reporter gene may be detected at any of a transcription level and a translation level.
- a transcription level Northern blotting, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and the like can be used. Those skilled in the art can prepare primers and probes used in these techniques by appropriately designing the basic strength of the reporter gene.
- a method depending on the properties of the reporter gene product can be used in addition to a detection method using a specific antibody such as Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and RIA.
- fluorescence such as luciferase or GFP
- the fluorescence can be detected, and in the case of an enzyme such as j8-galactosidase, detection can be performed based on the reaction with the substrate.
- an enzyme such as j8-galactosidase
- detection can be performed based on the reaction with the substrate.
- expression can be detected by culturing and growing in a drug-containing medium as an index.
- the expression level of the reporter gene in the presence and absence of the test substance is measured, and the test In the presence of the substance, a test substance that has a high expression of the reporter gene and produces a result is selected.
- the test substance selected here is an important candidate as a substance that can promote the expression of the adiponectin gene.
- the screening method of the present invention not only can screen adiponectin expression-inducing substances, but also can be used to search for a candidate substance for a drug for preventing or treating obesity or diseases related thereto. It can be applied to The diseases associated with obesity include, as repeatedly described above, for example, diabetes, metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, and heart diseases such as arteriosclerosis.
- hypoadiponectinemia is often present. Hypoadiponectinemia If a factor that determines the onset of these diseases or a factor that promotes the progress of the disease, etc., the substance obtained by the above screening method can improve hypoadiponectinemia in patients. It is expected to be able to induce the prevention, treatment and alleviation of obesity or related diseases.
- test substance based on the KLF9 binding element and the interaction activity as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the interaction activity can be measured using, for example, the immunoprecipitation assay described in the Examples or EMSA.
- IBMX 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- DEX dexamethasone
- NAC Niko SP600125 was purchased from Sigma. All other materials were purchased from the sources indicated in the references (27, 35 and 36).
- DNA sequencing was performed with the PRISM dye terminator cycle sequencing kit and ABIPRISM310 Genetic Analyzer ⁇ (Applied Biosystems i).
- mice Animal and blood samples KLF9-deficient mice have already been reported (Morita, M. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 2489-2500 (2003).). 15 week old obZob mice and their wild-type C57BLZ6 mice were obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Mice were housed in colony cages and maintained under a light source for 12 hours in a Z-dark 12 hour cycle. Plasma glucose levels were determined using the glucose B test (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan). Plasma adiponectin levels were determined with the mouse Adiponectin 'Radioimnoassay (RIA) kit (LINCO Research Inc.).
- RIA mouse Adiponectin 'Radioimnoassay
- the cDNA library used was provided by A. Saltiel. This library was constructed by inserting the fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocyte harvested cDNA into the pGAD-GH GAL4 vector (Ribon, V. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 872-879 (1998).). The library contained 10,000,000 transformants, all with cDNA inserts of 1.5-3 kb in size!
- the embryo cDNA library was fully prepared to transform (32 bp) x3 :: HIS3 reporter yeast strain. Converted. Five million yeast transformants were cultured on 15 mM 3-aminotriazole (SD-, His-, Leu +). After growing for 4-8 days at 30 ° C, 22 putative yeast clones were selected and further analyzed. Two cDNAs encoded the same KLF9.
- Luciferase atsey was performed using cells cultured in 12-well plates according to previously reported methods (Yamauchi, T. et al., Nature 423, 762-769 (2003)., Shindo, T. et. al., Nat. Med. 8, 856-863 (2002).) 0
- the luciferase reporter plasmid (0.25 ⁇ ) ⁇ 8 ⁇ - ⁇ (0.1-0.4 g) were introduced simultaneously.
- the total amount of DNA in each transfection was adjusted to 1.5 gZ / well with control vector DNA.
- the amount of luciferase activity of the transformants was measured using a standard kit (Promega). The measured values were normalized based on the activity of j8-galactosidase.
- 293T cells or 3T3L1 adipocytes or white adipose tissue power were also prepared from nucleic acid extracts according to reported methods (Almoguera, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277,
- the double-stranded oligonucleotide used for the 0 gel mobility shift assay was prepared by annealing both strands.
- the labeled probe (3,000-10,0 OOcpm) and the nucleic acid extract were reacted with the reaction solution (20 / ⁇ 1: 10 ⁇ Tris HCl (pH 7.6), 50 mM KCl, 0.05 mM EDTA, 2.5 mM MgCl, 8.5% glycerin). , ImM Dietitol, 0.
- Adiponectin promoter has 1367 bp (1367 pts + 35; SEQ ID NO: 4), 527 bp (527 pts + 35), 217 bp (—217 pts + 35) and 127 bp (—127 pts + 35) Luciferase gene constructs ("pAdiponectinl367-Luc”, "pAdiponectin527-Luc”, “pAdiponectin217-Luc” and "pAdiponectinl27-Luc", respectively) were subcloned in pGL2 basic or pGL2 promoter vector (Promega).
- a KLF3 or KLF9 expression vector was constructed by binding to the EcoRl / Not site of pCDNA3.1. DNA transfection to 293T or 3T3L1 adipocytes was performed by the lipofection method using “Lipofectamine PLUS” (Gibco BRL).
- 3T3L1 cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal calf serum and adipogenesis was performed according to previously reported methods (Yamauchi, T. et al., Nat. Genet. 30, 221-226 (2002).). Differentiation induction into sexual cells was performed. Briefly, 3T3L1 cells were first cultured and grown to confluence. Two days later, the medium was replaced with standard differentiation induction medium (containing 0.5 mM IBMX, 1 ⁇ MDEX, 5 ⁇ g / ml insulin, 10% FBS, 50 units Zml penicillin and 50 ⁇ g / ml streptomycin). The medium was changed every two days. Glucose intake was determined by known methods (Yamauchi, T.
- siRNAs Complementary single-stranded RNAs were synthesized in a manner similar to each other, and annealed with each other to prepare siRNAs.
- SiRNA was introduced into 3T3L1 adipocytes densely reaching about 60 to 70% using Lipofectamine PLUS (Life Technology) (Yamauchi, T. et al., Nature 423, 762-769 (2003).) O These KLF9 and KLF3
- the siRNA sequences used were those which have been previously confirmed to be capable of suppressing the expression of KLF9 and KLF3 by their introduction. After 72 and 96 hours of siRNA transfection, the cells were lysed and the expression products were analyzed.
- RNA from cells or tissues was prepared using TRIzol (Gibco / BRL) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- TRIzol Gibco / BRL
- mRNA was quantified by a real-time PCR method (Yamauchi, T. et al., Nature 423, 762-769 (2003).). Primer sets and probes were set up using software "Primer Express 1.5a” and purchased from ABI (ABI Prism; Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosytems, Foster City, California). The relative amounts were normalized by the amount of the actin transcript in the same cDNA (Yamauchi, T. et al., Nature 423, 762-769 (2003)).
- Nuclear extracts were prepared according to known methods (Almoguera, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277, 43866-43872 (2002).).
- a sample of nuclear protein (30 ⁇ g) was obtained from KLF9 (Zhang, D. et al, Endocrinology 143, 62-73 (2002).) Or KLF3 (Crossley, M. et al, Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 1695- 1705 (1996).), followeded by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse or mouse heron IgG and ECL kit (
- 3T3L1 adipocytes were fixed in 1% formaldehyde.
- the immobilized chromosome sample was analyzed by a known immunoprecipitation method (Shindo, T. et al., Nat. Med. 8, 856-863 (2002)) with some modifications. Protein A (Upstate) was used to collect sediment.
- Cayman Chemical Antioxidant Assay was used to measure the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, serum, urine, stool or cell lysates. Water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants cannot be separated by this protocol. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of all combinations of components including vitamins, proteins, lipids, daltathione, uric acid, etc. is analyzed. The analysis shows that the antioxidant catmyoglobin in the sample inhibits ABT3 ⁇ 4 (2,2'-Azino-di- [3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonatej) -Riki + from ABTS R '+ Is based on measuring The amount of sample induces absorption inhibition at 750 nm according to its concentration. The antioxidant activity in the sample that can inhibit ABTS acidification is quantitatively determined by standardizing with the millimolar concentration of Trolox, compared to the antioxidant activity of water-soluble tocopherol analog Trolox.
- Example 1 Adiponectin mRNA level is decreased in enlarged 3T3L1 adipocytes
- Adiponectin mRNA levels are reduced in obesity, which has been reported to play a causal role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. It is an object of the present invention to isolate a transcription factor that is responsible for a decrease in adiponectin expression in obesity.
- V ⁇ in vitro hypertrophic adipocyte model V ⁇ to analyze the effects of adipocyte hypertrophy on adiponectin gene expression.
- 3T3L1 adipocytes after 19 days of induction of adipocyte differentiation (day 19) have increased triglyceride content (Figure la) and show insulin resistance, such as a decrease in glucose uptake in response to insulin.
- TNFa which has been shown to reduce adiponectin expression, is increased in hypertrophic adipocytes. Therefore, TNF o; prediction of the causative agent for Do low expression of adiponectin in hypertrophic adipocytes is reasonable (.. Barth, N. et al , Diabetologia 45, 1425-1433 (2002)) 0
- Example 3 Hypertrophic Adipocyte Regulates Adiponectin Promoter Through Proximal 32 bp Promoter Element to Promote the Adiponectin Gene Unresponsiveness in Hypertrophic Adipocyte Functional 5 'daily analysis was performed to identify regions. Previous studies have shown that deletions from the 1367 to 217 regions have substantially no effect on adiponectin promoter activity in 3T3L1 adipocytes at day 19 ( Figure 3a). In contrast, further ablation of 90 nucleotides in 3T3L1 adipocytes on day 19 restored adiponectin promoter activity. This suggested that -217Z-127 contains essential regulatory elements.
- the major complex bound to the 32 bp element was more obese than obese C57B6 and day 10 3T3L1 adipocytes, obZob and 19 obese mice. On day 3T3L1 adipocytes were less vigorous (FIG. 3c).
- the yeast one-hybrid closing approach was used to isolate the transduction factor by down-regulating the adiponectin gene promoter in hypertrophic adipocytes (Almoguera, C. et al, J. Biol. Chem. . 277, 43866-43872 (2002).) was used as the 0 3 2 bp bytes. This sequence was trimerized and incorporated upstream of the HIS3 reporter gene, and introduced into yeast cells (32 bp) x3 :: HIS3 reporter yeast strain. 22 positive colonies were obtained. These clones included different groups. Based on the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, they were divided into two groups.
- KLF Kurtzpel-like transcription factor
- EMSA hypershift experiments were performed using specific antibodies that recognize KLF3, KLF9 or NF- ⁇ Bp65.
- complex I was identified to contain the KLF9 protein in 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 10) (Fig. 4a right, lanes 1 and 2).
- NF- ⁇ Bp65 FIG. 4a, right, lanes 1 and 3 were not detected in vitro in small adipocytes.
- the specificity of the KLF9 antibody was confirmed by using a nuclear extract of 293T cells together with a labeled KLF9 consensus site as a probe (FIG. 4c).
- the function of the KLF3 antibody (left in Fig. 4b) or the function of the NF- ⁇ ( ⁇ 65 antibody (left in Fig. 4a) is as follows. Confirmed by Supershift Atsee used with the ⁇ B consensus site (p65 site). Importantly, the KLF9 antibody reduced the amount of 32bp binding protein (Figure 4d), suggesting that KLF9 is also included in the 32bp binding protein (complex) in vivo.
- KLF9 actually binds to the endogenous adiponectin promoter region containing the 32 bp site.
- Fig. 4e shows that purified KLF9 also showed almost the same inhibition of adipocytes or adipose tissue as the inhibition of the 32 bp fragment by the prepared nuclear extract.
- KLF3 and 9 were more potent in lean control C57BL6 mice than in obese obZob mice. This result was expected to correlate with the amount of the 32 bp binding protein, strongly suggesting that the expression level of KLF9 could regulate the promoter activity of adiponectin and the expression level of adiponectin.
- Example 7 KLF9 Expression Increased Enhancer and Adiponectin Promoter Activity, Amount of 32 bp Binding Protein, and Adiponectin Expression
- KLF9 was transiently overexpressed in 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19) (FIGS. 6a-c) or 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19) using retrovirus (FIGS. 6d-f), The activity, adiponectin promoter activity, 32 bp binding protein amount, and adiponectin expression level were analyzed (FIG. 6).
- Overexpression of KLF9 in 3T3L1 adipocytes (day 19) resulted in adiponectin promoter activity (-1367Z + 35) (Fig. 6a), 32bp (-188Z-157) hennoen activity (Fig. 6c right panel).
- the amount of 32 bp binding protein (FIG. 6e) was increased. It was demonstrated that KLF9 could increase adiponectin promoter activity (FIG. 6a) and that the 32 bp element had high reactivity with KLF9 (FIGS. 6c, e).
- adipocyte hypertrophy regulates KLF9 expression in adipocytes.
- KLF9 expression has been reported to be induced by thyroid hormone, which is known to be involved in energy expenditure (Morita, M. et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 2489-2500 (2003)). .). Therefore, the expression of thyroid hormone receptor ⁇ was first examined in vitro and in vivo.
- upstream mechanisms that increase KLF9 expression indicate that at least in part, two pathways, one is the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) ⁇ signaling pathway and the other is the expression of TR o; It was suggested that a force that was independent of the stress (depending on the oxidation stress) could also be.
- TR thyroid hormone receptor
- the molecular identification of KLF9 is based on the understanding of the molecular mechanism of downregulation of adiponectin ZAcrp30 in obesity and obesity-related diseases such as diabetic atherosclerosis, and the novel molecular targeting of KLF9. It should facilitate the design of new anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/JP2005/006357 patent/WO2005094866A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2006511817A patent/JP4742032B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2010
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US7741080B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2010-06-22 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Adiponectin expression-inducing agents and uses thereof |
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EP1832284A4 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2008-07-30 | Ajinomoto Kk | INDUCER OR SECRETAGOGUE OF ADIPONECTIN |
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WO2009128257A1 (ja) | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-22 | 花王株式会社 | アディポネクチン分泌調節剤の評価又は選択方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1757302B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
EP1757302A4 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
JPWO2005094866A1 (ja) | 2008-02-14 |
EP1757302A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
JP4742032B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
US7741080B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
EP1757302A8 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
US20070203061A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
US20100273708A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
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