WO2005093883A1 - Reserve battery and its activation system - Google Patents
Reserve battery and its activation system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005093883A1 WO2005093883A1 PCT/EP2005/051370 EP2005051370W WO2005093883A1 WO 2005093883 A1 WO2005093883 A1 WO 2005093883A1 EP 2005051370 W EP2005051370 W EP 2005051370W WO 2005093883 A1 WO2005093883 A1 WO 2005093883A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reserve battery
- activating
- acceleration
- battery
- activation system
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/673—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
- H01M50/682—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor accommodated in battery or cell casings
Definitions
- This invention relates to high energy density batteries, of a reserve type, and their activation system designed for long storage lifetime and fast activation.
- batteries are required which may be retained in inventory and storage for a long time before being called upon for use. Moreover, such batteries shall be kept in inactive condition during storage, but be subject to simple and rapid activation when they are placed into service. Furthermore, such batteries could have to be effective in operation in environments that may be subjected to very low sub-zero temperatures or very high terrestrial temperatures.
- reserve type batteries have been provided utilising such high-density battery cells, so they will be available for applications where the battery may be kept in storage and held in reserve for relatively long periods of time before being called into service.
- the battery should be able to be stored for a long period, up to 15 years, before the battery is called into service, and be able to be activated for immediate service when desired.
- reserve battery principles have been adapted to the high energy density systems like those based on lithium for example.
- the low temperature performance of the batteries of these systems is substantially better than those of conventional batteries.
- the primary high energy density batteries show good capacity retention for storage at room temperatures for only 1 to 2 years.
- the degradation of the cell performance on storage is predominantly associated with the reactive lithium anode.
- the storage deficiencies of the high energy density systems are therefore obviated by the use of reserve type structures in which the electrolyte is kept isolated from the lithium anode, in a separate reservoir, during storage. In such an arrangement, a storage life of fifteen years is obtained without problems.
- lithium reserve batteries contains a lithium anode, a carbon cathode and an organic electrolyte consisting of a mixture with liquid sulphur oxide.
- a simple activating system is provided to simultaneously activate all the cells by opening the reservoir in each of the respective cells, to release the electrolyte and render each associated cell active.
- reserve cell batteries have to be able to fulfil several partially contradictionary requirements: survive drop tests acceleration and automatic gun loading system acceleration without activation versus activation at gun firing, whereas acceleration levels witnessed at gun firing be below those reached at drop tests and automatic loading.
- This invention solves the volume drawbacks using detonating means, which use little space. These detonating means are placed on or close to the container within the battery housing, for opening the container filled with electrolyte.
- an object of this invention is a reserve battery's activation system for breaking at least one reserve battery's container by shock-wave such that the battery is activated, the container being hermetically closed
- said activation system comprises an activating internal signal generator providing an activating electrical signal and detonating means providing a shock-wave which are ignited by said activating electrical signal.
- detonating means are not affecting the chemistry of the reserve battery's cell and/or the reserve battery's electrolyte during battery operation.
- a further object of this invention is to provide an alternative to mechanical activating systems for avoiding their drawbacks (dependency to environmental influences, geometrical tolerances, complexity and the usage of moving parts) with the above described reserve battery's activation system whose activating signal generator is electronically implemented inside the hermetically sealed battery. By this way, the reserve battery's activation system is reduced again in term of volume.
- Another embodiment of this invention is to allow activation even though acceleration levels witnessed at gun firing are below those reached at drop tests and automatic loading.
- the above mentioned activating signal generator discriminates between a short and a long acceleration upon predetermined acceleration duration.
- the invention relates also to a reserve battery comprising: - a cell of electrodes, - a hermetically closed container filled with a liquid electrolyte, - a housing in which the said cell and the container are placed, and - an activating system as described previously placed at least partially within the housing.
- a reserve battery comprising: - a cell of electrodes, - a hermetically closed container filled with a liquid electrolyte, - a housing in which the said cell and the container are placed, and - an activating system as described previously placed at least partially within the housing.
- FIG 1 shows a scheme of a reserve battery with an activation system 30 (see Figure 3) according to the invention, the reserve battery being hermetically closed.
- a reserve cell battery as used in gun fired ammunition is a battery in which typically the liquid electrolyte 22 is stored inside the battery's housing 40, separated from the anode-cathode cell 10, in a hermetically closed container 21 within the battery's housing 40.
- the activation system comprises an activating internal signal generator 31-32 providing an activating electric signal to detonating means 33.
- the detonating means 33 e.g. a pyrotechnical device, are placed on the container 21 (e.g. glued on the glass of the container 21) or sufficiently close to the container 21 such as the detonating means's detonation breaks the container 21.
- the activating signal generator 31 ,32 is electronically implemented inside the hermetically sealed battery.
- the velocity of the electrolyte release is independent of acceleration level because of the detonation force.
- Such a detonating activation system 30 activates the battery faster than existing activation systems, fulfilling in this way one of the main requirements for batteries.
- this kind of activation does not affect the battery's chemical elements.
- the detonating means 33 are not affecting the chemical elements of the reserve battery's cell 10 and/or the reserve battery's electrolyte 22 during battery operation.
- An advantageous embodiment of this invention is for reserve battery activation system development the choice of an electronic implementation.
- the purpose of the battery in gun firing application is to be activated only at gun firing not at drop test neither at flick ramming even tough acceleration levels witnessed at gun firing are below those reached at drop tests and automatic loading.
- FIG. 2 gives the acceleration G in m/s 2 on the Y-axis in function of the time t in ms on the X-axis.
- the dashed curve A1 represents a drop test acceleration
- the dotted curve A2 a flick ramming acceleration
- the dashed-dotted curve A3 a firing low charge acceleration.
- the drop's peak acceleration is around 55000 m/s 2 and its acceleration duration around 0.1 ms;
- the flick ramming peak acceleration is around 35000 m/s 2 and its acceleration duration around 0.2 ms;
- the firing low charge's peak acceleration is around 9000 m/s 2 and its acceleration around 6.0 ms.
- the drop test and flick ramming acceleration have usually a time base below 1 ms, whereas the gun firing acceleration has a time base above 5 ms.
- an activation system 30 capable of discriminating between short and long acceleration durations, e.g. for discriminating on one hand drop test A1 and flick ramming A2 events from on the other firing low charge A3 event.
- the activation system 30 may comprise an element 31 as sensor means and power source for respectively measuring the acceleration and transducing it in an acceleration electric signal.
- Piezo elements are known as pressure sensor and may be used as acceleration sensor due to this pressure measurement function.
- the element 31 may be a piezo element used as both sensor means and power source. The piezo element 31 transduces an increasing axial forward acceleration into an electrical current.
- the piezo element 31 may comprise a mass M and the piezo itself P as shown in more detail by the example of figure 4.
- This piezo P may comprise several layers (7 layers L ⁇ -L on figure 4) depending on the acceleration to be measured and the power consumption of the electrical circuit.
- the piezo element 31 is connected to an electrical circuit 32, which differentiates between different accelerations: short high and smaller but longer accelerations, e.g. respectively caused by drop test A1 and automated loading A2 (also called flick ramming) on the one hand and by an actual gun firing A3 on the other (in the gun fired ammunition applications) by discriminating between the characteristic time scale events. If the circuit 32 decides that it is fired with a gun, it will ignite a pyrotechnical device 33, which releases the electrolyte 22 from the container 21.
- Figure 3 shows a sensor-electrical activating signal generator 31-
- This activating signal generator comprises an element 31 as sensor means and power source. These two functions may also be separated in two connected elements (not shown).
- the sensor means measure the acceleration in time.
- the power source provides acceleration electric signal function of the measured acceleration, this acceleration electric signal will be use to ignite the pyrotechnical device 33.
- This element 31 is coupled to an electric circuit used as threshold means 32.
- These threshold means 32 discriminate between the duration of the measured accelerations and a predetermined acceleration duration such as the threshold means provide an activating electric signal when the measured acceleration has a longer duration than the predetermined acceleration duration.
- the electric circuit may comprise standard available components: e.g. Zener diode 321 , resistances 321-322-323-326- 328, transistors 324-325, and capacitors 327-329.
- This electric circuit is powered by the piezo element 31 and charges a capacitor 327 within a fixed duration (e.g. corresponding to a predetermined acceleration duration allowing to discriminate between short and long duration independently of the acceleration increase).
- the electrical circuit 32 releases the charge of the capacitor 327 to the pyrotechnical device 33.
- the voltage threshold is a function of the predetermined acceleration duration above which the detonating means are ignited. This voltage threshold is fixed by the electrical components used comprised between the element 31 and the capacitor 327.
- the predetermined acceleration duration in gun firing ammunition applications, depends on, and is fixed to discriminate between, on the one hand drop and flick ramming acceleration duration and on the other hand firing low charge acceleration duration. E. g. for the examples of acceleration durations given by figure 2, the predetermined acceleration duration may be fixed between 2 and 5 ms.
- a safety resistor 328 could be used to avoid unintended ignition.
- the threshold means comprise this safety resistor 328. This safety resistor conducts a leakage current such that the capacitor will always be emptied.
- threshold means 32 for discriminating between the acceleration duration of different events allows tuneable activation time by changing standard electrical components 321- 329.
- Another advantage of using such an electric circuit as threshold means 32 is that the electrical-detonating activation system 30 is cheaper than mechanical activation systems, as the electrical components are off- the-shelf components.
- a further advantage using electrical-detonating activation system 30 is that at least some parts of the electrical-detonating activation system 30 : the activating signal generator 31-32 can be tested before use, and even be re-used which is not the case with a mechanical activation system.
- the pyrotechnical device 33 is ignited by the electrical circuit 32 and opens the container 21.
- Figures 5a and 5b show the voltage at the piezo element 31 output, at the capacitor 327 and at the igniter I, respectively during a short
- These examples are given for a piezo element 31 with a 5nF piezo capacitance providing a 300 ⁇ A current at 23°C.
- the voltages are given in Volt on the Y-axis as function of time t in ms on the X-axis.
- the acceleration increases during a sufficiently long duration for the capacitor to be charged.
- the voltage ⁇ (dotted curve) produced by the element 31 increases and remains at a saturation level during a sufficiently long duration, so the voltage V 2 (dashed dotted curve) at the capacitor 327 increases during a sufficiently long duration to charge the capacitor 327.
- the capacitor 327 transmits its charge to the igniter I: the voltage V 3 at the igniter shows a peak when the capacitor transmits its charge and the igniter I provides the activating electric signal to the detonating means 33. So, the battery is activated.
- the activation system could be common to many batteries, e.g. N batteries: one activating signal generator 31-32 is common to all the batteries being coupled to the detonating means 33 33 N of each batteries Bi to B N .
- Reserve battery with such detonating activation system may be used by linear motor and more generally by any driven mechanical system.
- Another application to this electrical-detonating activation system is in all kinds of collision-based activation systems of reserve type batteries in transport applications.
- such activation system may be any reserve battery whose volume requirements are too low for allowing the use of existing activation systems.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1025841A NL1025841C2 (nl) | 2004-03-29 | 2004-03-29 | Reservebatterij en reservebatterij-activeringssysteem. |
NL1025841 | 2004-03-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005093883A1 true WO2005093883A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
Family
ID=34963098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/051370 WO2005093883A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2005-03-24 | Reserve battery and its activation system |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
NL (1) | NL1025841C2 (nl) |
WO (1) | WO2005093883A1 (nl) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014122082A1 (de) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrolytbehälter, batteriezelle, kraftfahrzeug und verfahren zur herstellung einer batteriezelle |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3340811A (en) * | 1966-05-20 | 1967-09-12 | Avco Corp | Piezoelectric delayed squib initiator |
GB1149556A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1969-04-23 | Instr Res Lab Ltd | Reserve power supply unit |
US5068162A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1991-11-26 | Honeywell Inc. | Reserve activated electrochemical cell |
-
2004
- 2004-03-29 NL NL1025841A patent/NL1025841C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-03-24 WO PCT/EP2005/051370 patent/WO2005093883A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3340811A (en) * | 1966-05-20 | 1967-09-12 | Avco Corp | Piezoelectric delayed squib initiator |
GB1149556A (en) * | 1966-10-21 | 1969-04-23 | Instr Res Lab Ltd | Reserve power supply unit |
US5068162A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1991-11-26 | Honeywell Inc. | Reserve activated electrochemical cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
GAMBLE A E ET AL: "Low cost guidance for the multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) artillery rocket", ., 13 March 2000 (2000-03-13), pages 193 - 199, XP010376935 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014122082A1 (de) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrolytbehälter, batteriezelle, kraftfahrzeug und verfahren zur herstellung einer batteriezelle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL1025841C2 (nl) | 2005-10-03 |
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