WO2005091625A1 - Desentrelacement - Google Patents

Desentrelacement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005091625A1
WO2005091625A1 PCT/IB2005/050868 IB2005050868W WO2005091625A1 WO 2005091625 A1 WO2005091625 A1 WO 2005091625A1 IB 2005050868 W IB2005050868 W IB 2005050868W WO 2005091625 A1 WO2005091625 A1 WO 2005091625A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motion
pixels
group
computing
indicator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2005/050868
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lambertus A. Van Eggelen
Marco K. Bosma
Robert H. Gelderblom
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2005091625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005091625A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
    • H04N7/0117—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal
    • H04N7/012—Conversion between an interlaced and a progressive signal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motion adaptive de-interlacing unit, comprising: match error computing means for computing a match error on basis of comparing a first group of pixels of a first video field with a second group of pixels of a second video field; - motion threshold computing means for computing a motion threshold; motion decision means for computing a motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a third group of pixels by means of comparing the match error with the motion threshold; and interpolation means for computing values of the third group of pixels, the interpolation means being controlled on basis of the motion detection means.
  • the invention further relates to an image processing apparatus comprising such a motion adaptive de-interlacing unit.
  • the invention further relates to a computer program product to be loaded by a computer arrangement, comprising instructions for de-interlacing a sequence of video fields into a sequence of video frames, the computer arrangement comprising processing means and a memory, the computer program product, after being loaded, providing said processing means with the capability to carry out: computing a match error on basis of comparing a first group of pixels of a first one of the video fields with a second group of pixels of a second one of the video fields; - computing a motion threshold; computing a motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a third group of pixels by means of comparing the match error with the motion threshold; and computing values of the third group of pixels on basis of the motion indicator.
  • the invention further relates to a method of motion adaptive de-interlacing comprising: computing a match error on basis of comparing a first group of pixels of a first video field with a second group of pixels of a second video field; computing a motion threshold; computing a motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a third group of pixels by means of comparing the match error with the motion threshold; and computing values of the third group of pixels on basis of the motion indicator.
  • the motion threshold is not constant but adapted to the local frequency content of the picture. If the frequency content is relatively high then also the motion threshold is relatively high. Unfortunately, false detections occur, i.e. motion is detected although there is no motion and vice versa. Consequently, an inappropriate interpolation is selected for the corresponding part of the picture resulting in a reduced quality.
  • This object of the invention is achieved in that: - the motion threshold computing means is arranged to compute the motion threshold on basis of a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels; or that the match error computing means is arranged to compute the match error on basis of a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels.
  • the de-interlacing unit according to the invention comprises two alternative embodiments with an equivalent effect. One of the parameters to be compared in order to detect whether there is motion or not, i.e.
  • the match error or the motion threshold is adapted on basis of a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels.
  • the fourth group of pixels is located in a spatial neighborhood of the third group of pixels or in a temporal neighborhood of the third group of pixels.
  • the computation of the motion threshold or alternatively the computation of the match error is based on decisions about motion in the spatial and/or spatio-temporal environment of the third group of pixels.
  • the motion threshold computing means is arranged to compute the motion threshold on basis of multiple motion indicators corresponding to multiple groups of pixels being located in the neighborhood of the third group of pixels.
  • the match error computing means is arranged to compute the match error on basis of multiple motion indicators corresponding to multiple groups of pixels being located in the neighborhood of the third group of pixels. It should be noted, that the multiple motion indicators corresponding to the multiple groups of pixels are on their turn also based on further motion indicators corresponding to further groups of pixels in the neighborhood of the multiple groups of pixels. That means that the computation of the motion threshold or the match error, and consequently of the motion indicator is recursive.
  • the motion decision means outputs the motion indicator with a value corresponding to motion if the match error is larger than the motion threshold and the motion threshold is relatively low if a further value of the further motion indicator corresponds to motion. That means that detected motion in the neighborhood of the third group of pixels results in a "decrease" of the motion threshold which is used for the detection of motion for the third group of pixels.
  • the probability that the match error is higher than the current motion threshold is relatively high. Consequently, the probability that the motion indicator has a value corresponding to motion is also high for the third group of pixels.
  • the motion threshold is relatively high if the further value of the further motion indicator corresponds to no motion. Consequently, the probability that the match error is higher than the current motion threshold, is relatively low and thus the probability that the motion indicator has a value corresponding to motion will be relatively low for the third group of pixels.
  • the match error computing means is arranged to compute the match error by calculating a sum of differences between respective pixel values of the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels.
  • the match error might be the Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD). This match error is a relatively good measure for establishing a match between image parts and which does not require extensive computations.
  • the interpolation means is arranged to perform: an intra-field interpolation if a first value of the motion indicator corresponds with motion for the third group of pixels; and an inter-field interpolation if a second value of the motion indicator corresponds with no motion for the third group of pixels.
  • the interpolation means is arranged to perform an intra-field interpolation for the third group of pixels or an inter-field interpolation for the third group of pixels, the interpolation based on a final motion indicator which is based on the motion indicator and an other motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for another group of pixels.
  • the embodiment of the de-interlacing unit according to invention comprises a combination unit for combining the motion indicator with the other motion indicator into the final motion indicator. It should be noted that there is a difference between using motion indicators belonging to other groups of pixels for the computation of the current motion threshold and using motion indicators belonging to other groups of pixels for the decision between the type of interpolation to be performed. In the former case there is recursion while in the latter case there is no recursion. Because of the control of the motion threshold according to the invention, a robust motion detection is achieved.
  • the motion indicator field i.e.
  • the two dimensional structure of motion indicators is relatively homogeneous or uniform.
  • a particular motion indicator will be equal to the motion indicators in its environment. Only if the corresponding match error has an extreme value, then the value of the particular motion indicator will be different from the motion indicators in its environment.
  • the motion indicator field will in particular be determined on basis of the groups of pixels for which the presence or absence of motion can be determined with a relatively high robustness. Areas with relatively much noise and/or relatively small objects having a specific speed have only a limited influence on the motion indicator field.
  • the motion threshold computing means is arranged to compute the motion threshold on basis of contrast within the first group of pixels.
  • the motion threshold is relatively high if the contrast within the first group of pixels is relatively high and the motion threshold is relatively low if the contrast within the first group of pixels is relatively low.
  • contrast is meant a value based on differences between values of pixels of the first group of pixels.
  • the motion threshold computing means is arranged to compute the motion threshold on basis of a noise measurement. It is a further object of the invention to provide an image processing apparatus of the kind described in the opening paragraph which provides output frames with a relatively high quality.
  • This object of the invention is achieved in that: - the motion threshold computing means of the de-interlacing unit is arranged to compute the motion threshold on basis of a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels; or that the match error computing means of the de-interlacing unit is arranged to compute the match error on basis of a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels.
  • the image processing apparatus may comprise additional components, e.g. a display device for displaying the output images.
  • the image processing unit might support one or more of the following types of image processing: Video compression, i.e. encoding or decoding, e.g.
  • Image rate conversion From a series of original input images a larger series of output images is calculated. Output images are temporally located between two original input images; and Temporal noise reduction. This can also involve spatial processing, resulting in spatial-temporal noise reduction.
  • the image processing apparatus might e.g. be a TV, a set top box, a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) player, a satellite tuner, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) player or recorder. It is a further object of the invention to provide a computer program product of the kind described in the opening paragraph which provides output frames with a relatively high quality.
  • This object of the invention is achieved in that: computing the motion threshold is based on a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels; or that computing the match error is based on a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of the kind described in the opening paragraph which provides output frames with a relatively high quality.
  • This object of the invention is achieved in that: computing the motion threshold is based on a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels; or that - computing the match error is based on a further motion indicator which represents whether there is motion for a fourth group of pixels being located in a neighborhood of the third group of pixels.
  • computing the de-interlacing unit and variations thereof may correspond to modifications and variations thereof of the image processing apparatus, the method and the computer program product, being described.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows portions of three consecutive video fields
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an embodiment of the de-interlacing unit according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows an other embodiment of the de-interlacing unit according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows an other embodiment of the de-interlacing unit according to the invention, having a controllable match error computing unit
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows an image processing apparatus according to the invention.
  • Same reference numerals are used to denote similar parts throughout the figures.
  • Interlacing is the common video broadcast procedure for transmitting the odd or even numbered video frame lines alternately, i.e. field by field. De-interlacing attempts to restore the full vertical resolution, i.e. make odd and even lines available simultaneously for each video frame.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows portions of three consecutive video fields 100, 102 and 106.
  • Fig. 1 also shows an output frame 104.
  • the blocks, e.g. 108-114 which are depicted in Fig. 1 correspond to groups of pixels. Each group of pixels comprises e.g. 8 pixels. A group of pixels might also comprises only one pixel.
  • the blocks which are depicted with solid lines correspond to pixel values which are actually present in the video signal as received, i.e. the input video fields.
  • the blocks which are depicted with dashed lines correspond to pixel values which have to be computed on basis of the pixel values which are actually present in the video signal as received.
  • the combination of actually received pixel values and computed pixel values together form the output video frame 104.
  • the odd video lines y-3, y-1, y+1, y+3 of the output frame 104 are copies from the video lines of the current video field 102.
  • the depicted portions of the even video lines y- 2, y, y+2, y +4 are based on corresponding video lines from one or more other video fields if no motion has been detected for these portions. This type of interpolation is called inter-field interpolation.
  • these even video lines y-2, y, y+2, y +4 are based on the video lines of the current video field 102.
  • the pixel values of the portions of the even video lines of the output frame 104 are computed by means of edge dependent, i.e. orientation dependent interpolation.
  • This latter type of interpolation is called intra-field interpolation.
  • the particular group of pixels 108 is located at a particular spatial position x,y.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a match error E(x,y) is computed on basis of comparing a first group of pixels 114 of a first video field 100 with a second group of pixels 112 of a second video field 106.
  • the spatial position of the first group of pixels 114, the spatial position of the second group of pixels 112 and the spatial position of the particular group of pixels 108 are mutually equal, i.e. x,y.
  • the match error E(x,y) is computed by means of calculating a sum of absolute differences between respective pixel values of the first group of pixels 114 and pixel values of the second group of pixels 112.
  • a motion threshold T(x,y) is computed for the particular group of pixels 108.
  • the motion threshold T(x,y) is based on a number of components: a predetermined constant, a noise dependent component, a contrast dependent component and an environment dependent component. Most of these components are optionally but the latter one is obligatory. The different optional components are explained in more detail in connection with Fig. 2.
  • the environment dependent component is explained in more detail below; - a motion indicator M(x,y) which represents whether there is motion for the particular group of pixels 108 is computed by means of comparing the match error E(x,y) with the motion threshold T(x,y).
  • the match error E(x,y) is lower than the motion threshold T(x,y)
  • the values of the pixels of the particular group of pixels are computed by means of interpolation.
  • the type of interpolation depends on the computed value of the motion indicator M(x,y), as explained above.
  • the motion threshold T(x,y) comprises an environment dependent component. That means that the values of the motion indicators M(x,y) being computed for other groups of pixels, e.g. a fourth group of pixels 110, are taken into account to compute the current motion threshold T(x,y) belonging to the particular group of pixels 108.
  • the basic rule is that the values of a predetermined number of motion indicators in the spatial and/or temporal environment of the particular group of pixels 108 are evaluated.
  • the values of the following motion indicators are evaluated: M(x-3, y), M(x-1, y), M(x, y-2), M(x+2, y-2), M(x, y+3). If the number of motion indicators in this set having a value corresponding to motion is relatively high, then the motion threshold T(x,y) for the particular group of pixels 108 is relatively low. If the number of motion indicators in this set having a value corresponding to no motion is relatively high, then the motion threshold T(x,y) for the particular group of pixels 108 is relatively high.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows an embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 200 according to the invention.
  • the motion adaptive de-interlacing unit 200 comprises: a match error computing unit 202 for computing match errors on basis of comparing groups of pixels of different video fields; - a motion threshold computing unit 204 for computing motion thresholds; a motion decision unit 206 for computing motion indicators which represents whether there is motion for a group of pixels, for which the values have to be computed by means of interpolation.
  • the motion decision unit 206 is provided with the match errors being computed by the match error computing unit 202 and is provided with the motion thresholds being computed by the motion threshold computing unit 204.
  • the motion decision unit 206 is arranged to compute the motion indicators by means of comparing the match errors with the corresponding motion thresholds; and an interpolation unit 208 for computing pixel values.
  • the interpolation unit 208 is controlled by the motion decision unit 206.
  • the interpolation unit 208 is provided with input video fields and provides video frames at its output connector 216.
  • the interpolation unit 208 is arranged to switch per pixel or group of pixels between inter-field interpolation and intra field interpolation on basis of the values of the provided motion indicators.
  • the match error computing unit 202, the motion threshold computing unit 204, the motion decision unit 206 and the interpolation unit 208 may be implemented using one processor. Normally, these functions are performed under control of a software program product. During execution, normally the software program product is loaded into a memory, like a RAM, and executed from there.
  • the program may be loaded from a background memory, like a ROM, hard disk, or magnetically and/or optical storage, or may be loaded via a network like Internet.
  • a background memory like a ROM, hard disk, or magnetically and/or optical storage
  • an application specific integrated circuit provides the disclosed functionality.
  • the de-interlacing unit 200 according to the invention is provided with consecutive video fields at its respective input connectors 210-214.
  • the image processing apparatus in which the de-interlacing unit 200 is comprised has a storage device for temporary storage of a number of video fields. This storage device is not depicted in Fig. 2.
  • the match error computing unit 202 optionally comprises two horizontal low pass filters 218 and 220 for low pass filtering the input data.
  • the motion threshold computing unit 204 comprises processing means 222- 226 for computing the different components of the motion thresholds.
  • the motion threshold computing unit 204 comprises an environment evaluation unit 226 to evaluate the motion indicators in the environment, as described in connection with Fig. 1. Notice the feedback connection 228 by means of which values of motion indicators are provided from the motion decision unit 206 to the motion threshold computing unit, in particular the environment evaluation unit 226.
  • the de-interlacing unit 200 comprises not depicted storage means for temporary storage of motion indicators.
  • the motion threshold computing unit 204 preferably comprises a contrast computing unit 222 for computing local contrast. Preferably, mutual differences between pixel values within groups of pixels of multiple video fields are applied to compute the contrast values. Only a limited number of groups of pixels in the environment of the particular group of pixels under consideration are used for the calculation of the contrast value. If the contrast value is relatively high, then the corresponding motion threshold is also relatively high. If the contrast value is relatively low, then the corresponding motion threshold is also relatively low.
  • the motion threshold computing unit 204 optionally comprises a noise computing unit 224 for computing a global noise value. Mutual differences between pixel values within groups of pixels are used to compute the global noise value.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows another embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 300 according to the invention. This embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 300 is almost equal to the de-interlacing unit 200 which is described in connection with Fig. 2. The only difference is the final decision unit 302.
  • the control of the interpolation unit 208 is not only based on the current motion indicator M(x,y) for a particular group of pixels 108 being located at the spatial position (x,y) but is also based on other motion indicators in the environment.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows another embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 400 according to the invention, having a controllable match error computing unit 202.
  • This embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 400 is relatively similar to the de-interlacing unit 300 which is described in connection with Fig. 3. The major difference is the deployment and working of the environment evaluation unit 226.
  • the match error computing unit 202 of the embodiment of the de-interlacing unit 400 comprises the environment evaluation unit 226. Notice the feedback connection by means of which values of motion indicators are provided from the motion decision unit 206 to the match error computing unit 202, in particular the environment evaluation unit 226.
  • the de-interlacing unit 200 comprises not depicted storage means for temporary storage of motion indicators.
  • the environment evaluation unit 226 is arranged to evaluate the motion indicators in the environment.
  • the match error E(x,y) comprises a local component and an environment dependent component.
  • the local component is based on pixel value differences of pixels being located at spatial position x,y.
  • the environment dependent component is based on values of motion indicators being computed for other groups of pixels. That means that the values of the motion indicators being computed for other groups of pixels, e.g. a fourth group of pixels 110, are taken into account to compute the current match error E(x,y) belonging to the particular group of pixels 108.
  • the basic rule is that the values of a predetermined number of motion indicators in the spatial and/or temporal environment of the particular group of pixels 108 are evaluated. For instance the values of the following motion indicators are evaluated: M(x-3, y), M(x-1, y), M(x, y-2), M(x+2, y-2), M(x, y+3). If the number of motion indicators in this set having a value corresponding to motion is relatively high, then the match error E(x,y) for the particular group of pixels 108 is relatively high. If the number of motion indicators in this set having a value corresponding to no motion is relatively high, then the match error E(x,y) for the particular group of pixels 108 is relatively low.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows an image processing apparatus 500 according to the invention, comprising: receiving means 502 for receiving a signal representing input images; the de-interlacing unit 504 as described in connection with any of the Figs. 2 or 3 or 4; and - an optional display device 506.
  • the signal may be a broadcast signal received via an antenna or cable but may also be a signal from a storage device like a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) or Digital Versatile Disk (DVD).
  • the signal is provided at the input connector 508.
  • the image processing apparatus 500 might e.g. be a TV or a personal computer comprising a video signal receiving module. Alternatively the image processing apparatus 500 does not comprise the optional display device 506 but provides the output images to an apparatus that does comprise a display device 506. Then the image processing apparatus 500 might be e.g. a set top box, a satellite-tuner, a VCR player, a DVD player or recorder.
  • the image processing apparatus 500 comprises storage means, like a hard-disk or means for storage on removable media, e.g. optical disks.
  • the image processing apparatus 500 might also be a system being applied by a film-studio or broadcaster.
  • any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be constructed as limiting the claim.
  • the word 'comprising' does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim.
  • the word "a" or "an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
  • the invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements and by means of a suitable programmed computer.
  • several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware.
  • the usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words are to be interpreted as names.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un désentrelaceur (200) s'adaptant au mouvement. Ce désentrelaceur comprend: un calculateur d'erreur de concordance (202) comparant un premier groupe de pixels (114) d'un premier champ vidéo (100) à un deuxième groupe de pixels (112) d'un deuxième champ vidéo (106); un calculateur de seuil de mouvement (204); une logique de mouvement (206) calculant un indicateur de mouvement permettant de savoir s'il y a mouvement pour un troisième groupe de pixels (108) par comparaison de l'erreur de concordance avec le seuil de mouvement; et un interpolateur (208) calculant les valeurs du troisième groupe de pixels (108) sous la commande de la logique de mouvement (206). Le calculateur de seuil de mouvement (204) est agencé pour calculer le seuil de mouvement sur la base d'un autre indicateur de mouvement permettant de dire s'il y a mouvement pour un troisième groupe de pixels (110) au voisinage du troisième groupe de pixels (108).
PCT/IB2005/050868 2004-03-17 2005-03-10 Desentrelacement WO2005091625A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04101096 2004-03-17
EP04101096.8 2004-03-17

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WO2005091625A1 true WO2005091625A1 (fr) 2005-09-29

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EP2693673A1 (fr) 2012-08-01 2014-02-05 Alcatel Lucent Entrelacement de bits pour un terminal de ligne optique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0415325A2 (fr) * 1989-09-01 1991-03-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de traitement de signal vidéo
US6262773B1 (en) * 1997-09-15 2001-07-17 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. System for conversion of interlaced video to progressive video using edge correlation
US20020080284A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting repetitive motion in an interlaced video sequence apparatus for processing interlaced video signals
US6452972B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2002-09-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motion detection using field-difference measurements
US6459455B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2002-10-01 Intel Corporation Motion adaptive deinterlacing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0415325A2 (fr) * 1989-09-01 1991-03-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de traitement de signal vidéo
US6452972B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2002-09-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Motion detection using field-difference measurements
US6262773B1 (en) * 1997-09-15 2001-07-17 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. System for conversion of interlaced video to progressive video using edge correlation
US6459455B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2002-10-01 Intel Corporation Motion adaptive deinterlacing
US20020080284A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-06-27 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting repetitive motion in an interlaced video sequence apparatus for processing interlaced video signals

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