WO2005085603A1 - Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem - Google Patents

Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005085603A1
WO2005085603A1 PCT/CA2005/000359 CA2005000359W WO2005085603A1 WO 2005085603 A1 WO2005085603 A1 WO 2005085603A1 CA 2005000359 W CA2005000359 W CA 2005000359W WO 2005085603 A1 WO2005085603 A1 WO 2005085603A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural gas
turbine
pressure control
pressure
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2005/000359
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jose Lourenco
Original Assignee
Tri Gas & Oil Trade Sa.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tri Gas & Oil Trade Sa. filed Critical Tri Gas & Oil Trade Sa.
Priority to US10/598,739 priority Critical patent/US20070177969A1/en
Priority to MXPA06010263A priority patent/MXPA06010263A/en
Priority to EP05714600A priority patent/EP1723314A4/en
Priority to BRPI0507437-1A priority patent/BRPI0507437A/en
Publication of WO2005085603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005085603A1/en
Priority to IL177976A priority patent/IL177976A0/en
Priority to NO20064377A priority patent/NO20064377L/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method of generating power from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system.
  • Natural gas distribution systems use three types of natural gas pipeline networks: high pressure (approximately 1,000 psig), medium pressure (approximately 100 psig) and low pressure (approximately 5 psig). Where the high pressure pipeline network feeds into the medium pressure pipeline network, the pressure must be reduced from 1000 psig to 100 psig. Where the medium pressure pipeline network feeds into the low pressure pipeline network, the pressure must be reduced from lOOpsig to 5psig. This is done through a series of pressure reducing control valves at facilities known as Pressure Control Stations. As the pressure of natural gas is reduced, it expands. As the natural gas expands, the temperature of the natural gas decreases.
  • a method of generating power from a pressure control station of a natural gas distribution system involves channelling natural gas entering the pressure control station into a turbine which is powered by expansion of the natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced.
  • a second step involves capturing the output of the turbine for application for useful purposes.
  • the method described above utilizes energy that is presently lost across the stem of the pressure control valves and utilizes it in a form of turbine which is powered by expanding gases, commonly known as a Turbo-expander.
  • FIGURE 1 labelled as PRIOR ART is a schematic diagram of a Pressure Control
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of a Pressure Control Station constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 1 a high pressure pipeline network is indicated by reference numeral 12 and a low pressure pipeline network is indicated by reference numeral 14. Interposed between high pressure pipeline network 12 and low pressure pipeline network 14 is a Pressure Control Station generally indicated by reference numeral 16. High pressure natural gas flowing from high pressure pipeline network 12 passes through a first line shut off valve 18, a course control valve assembly, generally indicated by reference numeral 20, a fine control valve assembly 22, before encountering a second line shut off valve 24.
  • a boiler 26 with an associated heat exchanger 28 is positioned on a diversion loop 30.
  • Three valves 32 are provided which control the feed of natural gas into and out of heat exchanger 28.
  • Natural gas is pre-heated in heat exchanger 28.
  • the pre-heated natural gas is then directed through a series of pressure reducing control valves 34.
  • a third line shut off valve 36 enables Pressure Control Station 16 to be isolated from low pressure pipeline network 14.
  • a fuel gas supply conduit 38 diverts some of the processed low pressure natural gas for use in fuelling boiler 26.
  • the principle of operation is to preheat the natural gas in heat exchanger 28 to avoid the production of hydrates when the natural gas passes through the series of pressure reducing control valves 34.
  • the energy generated as the pressure of the natural gas is produced is lost at pressure reducing control valves 34.
  • energy input is needed in the form of gas consumption to power boiler 26. There is, therefore, a net energy loss.
  • FIGURE 2 a configuration in accordance with the present method is illustrated as being super-imposed upon the PRIOR ART Pressure Control Station of FIGURE 1. It is envisaged that the existing infrastructure will be kept in place to maintain redundant systems for reasons of public safety.
  • natural gas is diverted by passing heat exchanger 28 and series of pressure reducing control valves 34.
  • a key aspect of the present method is channelling natural gas entering Pressure Control Station along line 50 and into a turbine 52 which is powered by expansion of the natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced. The output of turbine 52 is then captured for application for useful purposes. It is preferred that the turbine be used to power an electrical generator 54.
  • the use of turbine 52 can be done either with or without the natural gas being pre-heated, as will hereinafter be further described.
  • Turbine 52 is preferably a turbine known as a "turbo-expander". It is a radial inflow turbine with variable inlet guide vanes for flow control, which are used to extract energy from a gas stream.
  • the method uses the turbo-expander (turbine 52) to generate power in Pressure Control Stations 16 in a natural gas distribution system. The expansion across the inlet guide vanes and expander wheel produces torque and therefore shaft power that can be used to turn power generator 54.
  • turbine 52 can be used without preheating the natural gas.
  • the natural gas is channelled into turbine 52, with a view to intentionally generating cold temperatures.
  • a heat exchanger 56 is provided to capture the cold temperatures generated for use in either refrigeration or air conditioning.
  • a fluid circulation can then be provided through heat exchanger 56 which can be used for air conditioning of nearby facilities or refrigeration of nearby cold storage warehouses.
  • the refrigeration achieved by expansion of the gas is usually much more than achieved by Joule-Thompson (J-T) expansion across a valve.
  • J-T Joule-Thompson
  • boiler 26 replaced by a gas fuelled turbine power generator 58, sometimes referred to as a "micro-turbine".
  • a portion of the high pressure natural gas is diverted along conduit 60 and passed through a gas conditioning system 62 to condition the natural gas so that the natural gas is suitable to power gas fuelled turbine power generator 58.
  • Exhaust gases from gas fuelled turbine power generator flow along conduit 64 and are passed through a first heat exchanger 66.
  • a hot water circulation circuit is provided which includes expansion tank circulation conduit 68, expansion tank 70, a pump 74 and valves 76.
  • Expansion tank 70 provides make up water for circulation conduit 68, as required.
  • Pump 74 is used to circulate hot water through circulation conduit 68. Water is circulated through conduit 68, which passes heat exchanger

Abstract

A method is described of generating power from a pressure control station of a natural gas distribution system. A first step involves channelling natural gas entering the pressure control station into a turbine (52) which is powered by expansion of the natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced. A second step involves capturing the output of the turbine (52) for useful purposes.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION; Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to method of generating power from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Natural gas distribution systems use three types of natural gas pipeline networks: high pressure (approximately 1,000 psig), medium pressure (approximately 100 psig) and low pressure (approximately 5 psig). Where the high pressure pipeline network feeds into the medium pressure pipeline network, the pressure must be reduced from 1000 psig to 100 psig. Where the medium pressure pipeline network feeds into the low pressure pipeline network, the pressure must be reduced from lOOpsig to 5psig. This is done through a series of pressure reducing control valves at facilities known as Pressure Control Stations. As the pressure of natural gas is reduced, it expands. As the natural gas expands, the temperature of the natural gas decreases. This dramatic drop in temperature leads to the formation of hydrates, which damage the pressure reducing control valves. In order to avoid the formation of hydrates, the natural gas is pre-heated at the Pressure Control Stations before pressure is reduced, with a view to maintaining an outlet temperature of 5 degrees Celsius. The mode of preheating the natural gas upstream of the pressure control valves is by consuming some of the natural gas in a hot water or low pressure steam boiler, which supplies heat to a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is then used to preheat the incoming natural gas. In this typical mode of pipeline pressure control arrangement, the energy lost across the pressure reducing control valves in bringing the pressure down from lOOOpsig to lOOpsig is significant. Similarly, there is energy lost across the pressure reducing control valves in bringing the pressure down from lOOpsig to 5psig. If this energy could be captured, there potentially could be a net energy gain, as opposed to a net energy loss realized from the Pressure Control Stations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION What is required is a method of generating power from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of generating power from a pressure control station of a natural gas distribution system. A first step involves channelling natural gas entering the pressure control station into a turbine which is powered by expansion of the natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced. A second step involves capturing the output of the turbine for application for useful purposes.
The method described above utilizes energy that is presently lost across the stem of the pressure control valves and utilizes it in a form of turbine which is powered by expanding gases, commonly known as a Turbo-expander.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, the drawings are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to in any way limit the scope of the invention to the particular embodiment or embodiments shown, wherein: FIGURE 1 labelled as PRIOR ART is a schematic diagram of a Pressure Control
Station. FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of a Pressure Control Station constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The preferred method of generating power from a pressure control station of a natural gas distribution system will now be described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2. In order to place the present method in context, the PRIOR ART system will first be described. Referring to FIGURE 1, a high pressure pipeline network is indicated by reference numeral 12 and a low pressure pipeline network is indicated by reference numeral 14. Interposed between high pressure pipeline network 12 and low pressure pipeline network 14 is a Pressure Control Station generally indicated by reference numeral 16. High pressure natural gas flowing from high pressure pipeline network 12 passes through a first line shut off valve 18, a course control valve assembly, generally indicated by reference numeral 20, a fine control valve assembly 22, before encountering a second line shut off valve 24. A boiler 26 with an associated heat exchanger 28 is positioned on a diversion loop 30. Three valves 32 are provided which control the feed of natural gas into and out of heat exchanger 28. Natural gas is pre-heated in heat exchanger 28. The pre-heated natural gas is then directed through a series of pressure reducing control valves 34. A third line shut off valve 36 enables Pressure Control Station 16 to be isolated from low pressure pipeline network 14. A fuel gas supply conduit 38 diverts some of the processed low pressure natural gas for use in fuelling boiler 26. The principle of operation is to preheat the natural gas in heat exchanger 28 to avoid the production of hydrates when the natural gas passes through the series of pressure reducing control valves 34. The energy generated as the pressure of the natural gas is produced is lost at pressure reducing control valves 34. In addition, energy input is needed in the form of gas consumption to power boiler 26. There is, therefore, a net energy loss.
Referring to FIGURE 2, a configuration in accordance with the present method is illustrated as being super-imposed upon the PRIOR ART Pressure Control Station of FIGURE 1. It is envisaged that the existing infrastructure will be kept in place to maintain redundant systems for reasons of public safety.
In accordance with the teachings of the present method, natural gas is diverted by passing heat exchanger 28 and series of pressure reducing control valves 34. A key aspect of the present method is channelling natural gas entering Pressure Control Station along line 50 and into a turbine 52 which is powered by expansion of the natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced. The output of turbine 52 is then captured for application for useful purposes. It is preferred that the turbine be used to power an electrical generator 54. The use of turbine 52 can be done either with or without the natural gas being pre-heated, as will hereinafter be further described. Turbine 52 is preferably a turbine known as a "turbo-expander". It is a radial inflow turbine with variable inlet guide vanes for flow control, which are used to extract energy from a gas stream. The method uses the turbo-expander (turbine 52) to generate power in Pressure Control Stations 16 in a natural gas distribution system. The expansion across the inlet guide vanes and expander wheel produces torque and therefore shaft power that can be used to turn power generator 54.
Where the natural gas specifications of the working stream permit, turbine 52 can be used without preheating the natural gas. The natural gas is channelled into turbine 52, with a view to intentionally generating cold temperatures. A heat exchanger 56 is provided to capture the cold temperatures generated for use in either refrigeration or air conditioning. A fluid circulation can then be provided through heat exchanger 56 which can be used for air conditioning of nearby facilities or refrigeration of nearby cold storage warehouses. The refrigeration achieved by expansion of the gas is usually much more than achieved by Joule-Thompson (J-T) expansion across a valve.
Where preheating of the natural gas is required, boiler 26 replaced by a gas fuelled turbine power generator 58, sometimes referred to as a "micro-turbine". A portion of the high pressure natural gas is diverted along conduit 60 and passed through a gas conditioning system 62 to condition the natural gas so that the natural gas is suitable to power gas fuelled turbine power generator 58. Exhaust gases from gas fuelled turbine power generator flow along conduit 64 and are passed through a first heat exchanger 66. A hot water circulation circuit is provided which includes expansion tank circulation conduit 68, expansion tank 70, a pump 74 and valves 76. Expansion tank 70 provides make up water for circulation conduit 68, as required. Pump 74 is used to circulate hot water through circulation conduit 68. Water is circulated through conduit 68, which passes heat exchanger
66, so that a heat transfer takes place with the hot exhaust gases from gas fuelled turbine power generator 58 and heating the water. The exhaust gases are then released to atmosphere. A secondary heat exchange then takes place in a second heat exchanger 78 between the hot water and the natural gas. The natural gas, which has been preheated in second heat exchanger 78 is then channelled through line 50 to turbine 52. The output of gas fuelled turbine power generator 58 is also captured for useful purposes of power generation through generator portion 54. The intent of the method is to capture and use energy that is currently being wasted. Depending upon the circumstances, it may be desirable to position a dehydrator upstream of second heat exchanger 78, to dry the natural gas. Suitable dehydrators which use absorbent medium are well known in the art. Normally two are used. One is always in service, while the absorbent medium in the other is being regenerated. Of course, where the objective is to generate low temperatures for the purpose of air conditioning or refrigeration, the hot water circulation circuit will not be used.
In this patent document, the word "comprising" is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. A reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined in the Claims.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of generating power from a pressure control station of a natural gas distribution system, comprising the steps of: channelling natural gas entering the pressure control station into a turbine (52) which is powered by expansion of die natural gas as the pressure of the natural gas is reduced; and capturing the output of the turbine (52) for application for useful purposes.
2. The method as defined in Claim 1, the natural gas not being pre-heated prior to being channelled into the turbine (52), with a view to intentionally generating cold temperatures, a heat exchanger (56) being provided to utilize the cold temperatures generated for one of refrigeration or air conditioning.
3. The method as defined in Claim 1, the turbine (52) being used to power an electrical generator (54).
4. The method as defined in Claim 1, using a portion of the natural gas to power a gas fuelled turbine power generator(58), passing the exhaust gases from the gas fuelled turbine power generator (58) through a second heat exchanger (66) to preheat the natural gas being channelled into the turbine (52) and capturing the output of the gas fuelled turbine power generator (58) for application for useful purposes.
PCT/CA2005/000359 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem WO2005085603A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/598,739 US20070177969A1 (en) 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system
MXPA06010263A MXPA06010263A (en) 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem.
EP05714600A EP1723314A4 (en) 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem
BRPI0507437-1A BRPI0507437A (en) 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 method for generating power from a control station to a natural gas distribution system
IL177976A IL177976A0 (en) 2004-03-09 2006-09-10 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system
NO20064377A NO20064377L (en) 2004-03-09 2006-09-27 Method of generating energy from pressure control stations for a natural gas distribution system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2461086A CA2461086C (en) 2004-03-09 2004-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution system
CA2,461,086 2004-03-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005085603A1 true WO2005085603A1 (en) 2005-09-15

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PCT/CA2005/000359 WO2005085603A1 (en) 2004-03-09 2005-03-09 Method of power generation from pressure control stations of a natural gas distribution sytem

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20070177969A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1723314A4 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0507437A (en)
CA (1) CA2461086C (en)
IL (1) IL177976A0 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06010263A (en)
NO (1) NO20064377L (en)
RU (2) RU2006135344A (en)
UA (1) UA86795C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2005085603A1 (en)

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DE102014216755A1 (en) 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Rwe Deutschland Ag Method for generating electricity within a gas network and gas pressure release device for use in the method

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PL1905948T3 (en) 2006-09-12 2013-03-29 Cryostar Sas Power recovery machine
CN102383870A (en) * 2011-11-17 2012-03-21 重庆川然节能技术有限公司 Natural gas pressure difference generating system self-adaptive to back-end load change
US20170059091A1 (en) * 2015-08-28 2017-03-02 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Energy recovery from reduction in pressure of a dense phase hydrocarbon fluid
CN109322745A (en) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-12 上海电气燃气轮机有限公司 Heated by natural gas system, voltage regulating station and Combined-cycle Gas Turbine Unit
CN110185506B (en) * 2019-05-27 2022-02-08 西南石油大学 Pressure energy comprehensive utilization system of natural gas pressure regulating station
CN114622961A (en) * 2020-12-10 2022-06-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Natural gas residual pressure power generation and ice making cyclic utilization system and utilization method
CN114165291B (en) * 2021-10-22 2023-11-24 上海工程技术大学 Pneumatic impeller

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US6167692B1 (en) * 1998-06-29 2001-01-02 General Electric Co. Method of using fuel gas expander in power generating plants
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014216755A1 (en) 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Rwe Deutschland Ag Method for generating electricity within a gas network and gas pressure release device for use in the method
EP3001012A2 (en) 2014-08-22 2016-03-30 RWE Deutschland AG Method for generating electricity within a gas network

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MXPA06010263A (en) 2007-01-19
US20070177969A1 (en) 2007-08-02
EP1723314A4 (en) 2008-06-18
RU2006135344A (en) 2008-04-20
RU106307U8 (en) 2012-02-20
UA86795C2 (en) 2009-05-25
BRPI0507437A (en) 2007-07-24
CA2461086C (en) 2010-12-21
CA2461086A1 (en) 2005-09-09
IL177976A0 (en) 2006-12-31
EP1723314A1 (en) 2006-11-22
RU106307U1 (en) 2011-07-10
NO20064377L (en) 2006-11-07

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