WO2005077842A1 - Traitement de dechets ameliore - Google Patents

Traitement de dechets ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005077842A1
WO2005077842A1 PCT/AU2005/000206 AU2005000206W WO2005077842A1 WO 2005077842 A1 WO2005077842 A1 WO 2005077842A1 AU 2005000206 W AU2005000206 W AU 2005000206W WO 2005077842 A1 WO2005077842 A1 WO 2005077842A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
bioreactor
volume
treated waste
feed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/000206
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roy Victor Ames
Matthew John Etherington
Ian Joseph Ugarte
Anthony G Fane
Para K Paramefhwaran
Original Assignee
Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004900813A external-priority patent/AU2004900813A0/en
Application filed by Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd filed Critical Aqua Clarus Holdings Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2005077842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005077842A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to waste treatment and in particular to water and waste water treatment, and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use.
  • a large number of onsite treatment systems for sewage, for example, are based around a septic tank and involve anaerobic digestion. Such septic systems can cause odour problems and require periodic pumping out of the residual sludge. In addition, septic systems are becoming less popular with regulatory authorities because of
  • This apparatus which is subject of International Patent Application No. PCT/AU02/00559 (published as WO 02/089957) uses a novel separation device for separating the incoming primary waste into a solids-rich stream and a liquids-rich stream which are treated within the single apparatus.
  • the solids-rich stream proceeds to an aerobic decomposition chamber, e.g. a series of trays inhabited by worms or other suitable organisms.
  • the resultant treated solid waste is preferably transferred as nutrient for a vegetation cell.
  • the liquids-rich stream passes through alternate layers of the coarse or fine filter media in a trickle bed which support appropriate micro-organisms. The resulting treated
  • liquid can be recirculated or pumped out of the system for other purposes or further treatment. It will be advantageous, however, to provide an improved apparatus and
  • waste refers to a mixture of liquid and solid waste but more particularly includes water, waste water, polluted water, and water
  • an apparatus for the treatment of waste including: feed means for collection and feeding of said waste; a bioreactor to receive and treat said waste from said feed means, said bioreactor including: a first volume including a substrate for supporting organisms and through which said waste can pass; and a second volume adapted to receive and collect a first treated waste after it has passed through said first volume, wherein the flow of waste into said bioreactor is controllable within a treatment cycle to provide for and toggle the relative proportions of aerobic and anoxic treatment of said waste in said bioreactor.
  • the apparatus preferably further includes collection means for collecting a second
  • the apparatus is configured to provide in each treatment cycle at least one relatively low-oxygen period and/or at least one relatively high-oxygen period.
  • the relatively high-oxygen period/s correspond to period/s of relatively high feed waste availability.
  • the bioreactor includes recirculation means for providing a recirculation circuit of the feed waste and or the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste from and/or within the bioreactor to the feed means and/or the first volume and/or the second volume.
  • the bioreactor includes recirculation means for providing a recirculation circuit of the first treated waste within the bioreactor to the first volume.
  • the bioreactor includes recirculation means for providing a recirculation circuit of the second treated waste from and/or within the bioreactor to the first volume.
  • the bioreactor includes recirculation means for providing a recirculation circuit of the second treated waste from and/or within the bioreactor to the second volume.
  • the bioreactor includes recirculation means for providing a recirculation circuit of the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste from and/or within the bioreactor to the feed means.
  • the volume of waste in the bioreactor is controlled by a combination of the recirculation and/or the addition of further feed waste by the feed means.
  • the substrate in the first volume is provided by packing, thereby to give a first packed volume and provide surface area upon which micro-organisms may reside and voids to allow passage of the first treated waste therethrough.
  • the packing includes segments of pipe, rubber, recycled rubber, Raschig and Lessing rings, saddles, or combinations thereof.
  • the micro-organisms include nitrosomas, nitrobacter, heterotrophic bacteria and combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus is adapted to receive and treat a mixture of liquid and solid waste.
  • the mixture of liquid and solid waste includes effluent from toilet discharge and/or an input volume bearing a relatively high organic load.
  • the apparatus operates primarily on a liquids-rich stream.
  • the apparatus further includes filtration means provided within the apparatus for filtering the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste that has passed within and/or from the bioreactor.
  • the filtration means is provided within the recirculation circuit such that at least a portion of the feed waste and or the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste is filtered prior to discharging from the apparatus.
  • the filtration means is provided within the bioreactor such that at least a portion of the feed waste and/or the first treated waste is filtered prior to discharging from the apparatus h a preferred embodiment, the filtration means is provided in a fluid pathway distinct from the recirculation circuit.
  • the apparatus is operably associable with filtration means provided downstream and or upstream of the apparatus.
  • the filtration means is provided downstream of the apparatus.
  • the first packed volume is configured such that it filters the feed waste entering the first volume, thereby to provide the first treated waste and/or provides support for said resident micro-organisms.
  • the collected second treated waste is split into the recirculation circuit and an exit pathway fluidly communicable with the output means, the recirculation circuit returning a proportion of the second treated waste back to the first volume and/or the second volume for further treatment, and the output means discharges a proportion of the second treated waste from the bioreactor for optional later
  • a method for the treatment of waste including: using feed means to supply a feed waste to an apparatus including a bioreactor; passing said waste through a first volume within said bioreactor, said first volume including a substrate for supporting micro-organisms, thereby to provide a first treated waste; collecting said first treated waste in a second volume within said bioreactor after it has passed through said first volume; and controlling the rates of addition of said feed waste and/or recirculation of waste within a recirculation circuit fluidly communicable with said first and/or said second volumes, thereby to provide a treatment cycle within said bioreactor wherein the rate and/or proportion of aerobic and/or anoxic treatment of said waste is controllable.
  • the recirculating waste includes untreated feed waste and/or first
  • the method further includes collecting a second treated waste from the second volume, the second treated waste bearing a relatively reduced organic
  • the recirculating waste includes untreated feed waste, first treated waste, second treated waste or combinations thereof.
  • at least a proportion of the second treated waste is passed to output means for discharge from the apparatus.
  • the feed waste and/or the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste are transferred within the recirculation circuit to the feed means and/or the first volume and/or the second volume.
  • the first treated waste is transferred within the recirculation circuit to the first volume.
  • the second treated waste is transferred within the recirculation circuit to the first volume.
  • the second treated waste is transferred within the recirculation circuit to the second volume.
  • the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste is transferred within the recirculation circuit to the feed means.
  • the treatment cycle includes at least one relatively low-oxygen period and/or at least one relatively high-oxygen period.
  • the relative proportion of the relatively low-oxygen period/s and the relatively high-oxygen period/s occurring within the bioreactor are controlled by the quantity and rate of the feed waste to the first volume.
  • the increased input of the feed waste provides for its increased aeration, thereby to provide a relatively high-oxygen period.
  • the waste within said first volume is a combination of the feed waste and recirculated first treated waste and/or recirculated second treated waste.
  • the first volume and/or the second volume may accommodate the relatively high-oxygen period s and/or the relatively low-oxygen period s, thereby to provide aerobic and/or anoxic waste treatments, respectively, in controllable rates and/or proportions.
  • the first volume accommodates the relatively high- oxygen period/s.
  • the second volume accommodates the relatively low-oxygen period/s.
  • the feed waste and/or the first treated waste and/or the second treated waste is passed through filtration means.
  • the filtration means is provided within the recirculation circuit.
  • the filtration means is provided within the bioreactor.
  • the filtration means is provided in a fluid pathway separate from the recirculation circuit.
  • the method is performed in operable association with filtration means provided downstream and/or upstream of the apparatus.
  • the filtration means are downstream of the apparatus.
  • the resultant filtered second treated waste is suitable for purposes such as surface irrigation or toilet flushing.
  • the control of the rates of the recirculation and/or the feed waste alters the residence times and aeration of the waste in the first and the second volumes, thereby altering the aerobic: anoxic ratio of the treatment cycle.
  • the selection of the high-oxygen or the low- oxygen period/s within the bioreactor provides effective control of nitrification and/or denitrification of the waste, respectively, within the bioreactor.
  • toggling the on/off period/s of the recirculation and corresponding levels of oxygen within the second volume varies the degree of nitrification or denitrification in both the first and the second volumes.
  • each relatively high-oxygen period has a relatively high rate of recirculation, thereby to provide a relatively greater proportion of relatively high-oxygen period/s and wherein each relatively low-oxygen period has relatively little or no recirculation, thereby to provide a relatively greater proportion of relatively low-oxygen period/s.
  • the rate of nitrification within the bioreactor may also be controlled by adding one or more further doses of the feed waste as desired or at predetermined points in the relatively high-oxygen period s or the relatively low-oxygen period/s.
  • the efficiency of the bioreactor may be enhanced by adding to it one or more carbon-containing compounds, the carbon- containing compounds including sugar/s, as desired or at predetermined points in the high-oxygen period/s or the low-oxygen period/s.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for the treatment of waste comprising a feed means for collection and feeding of the waste, a bioreactor to receive and treat waste from the feed means and optionally a recirculation means for recirculating liquid from a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor includes a first volume including a substrate for supporting organisms and through which waste can pass, and a second volume which is adapted to receive and collect waste after it has passed through said first volume, the device being arranged such that the flow of waste into the bioreactor is controllable within a treatment cycle to provide and alter the relative aerobic and anoxic treatment of the waste in the bioreactor.
  • Control of the waste into the bioreactor is preferably accomplished by a combination of recirculation within the bioreactor and addition of new waste by the feed means.
  • the substrate in the first volume is preferably provided by packing. This can include any suitable packing which provides sufficient surface area for the microorganisms and sufficient voids to allow passage of the waste there through. Segments of pipe, recycled rubber are suitable as are typical commercially available packing such as Raschig and Lessing rings, saddles, etc.
  • the first volume includes micro-organisms such as nitrosomas, nitrobacter and hetrotrophic bacteria.
  • the apparatus is suitable for a mixture of liquid and solid waste, but operates primarily on a liquids-rich stream.
  • a filtration device is preferably provided within the apparatus for filtering liquid that has passed through the bioreactor.
  • this filtration device is provided within the recirculation circuit such that at least a portion of the recirculating liquid is filtered prior to it leaving the apparatus.
  • the filtration device may be provided within the bioreactor itself.
  • the first packed volume may be arranged such that it filters the waste entering the bioreactor as well as providing support for organisms.
  • the filtration device may be provided in a fluid circuit separate from the recirculation circuit.
  • waste collected in the second volume may split into recirculation and exit circuits.
  • the recirculation circuit may return waste back to the bioreactor, and the exit circuit removes waste from the bioreactor for optional later processing such as filtering, UN disinfection, etc.
  • the present invention provides a method for the treatment of waste comprising providing feed to a bioreactor including passing the waste through a first volume including a substrate for supporting organisms, collecting the waste in a second volume after it has passed through the first volume and controlling the
  • each treatment cycle includes a low-oxygen period and a high- oxygen period.
  • the relative amounts of low and high-oxygen periods in each cycle is controlled by the quantity and speed of waste being fed to the bioreactor.
  • the feed is a combination of fresh feed and recirculation of waste which has already passed through the bioreactor. By increasing throughput, aeration of this feed is increased, t.e. a high- oxygen period is provided. Reducing recirculation reduces aeration thereby providing a low-oxygen period.
  • Each treatment cycle includes both high and low-oxygen periods and therefore provides both aerobic and anoxic treatment in controllable quantities
  • a filtration means may be provided downstream of the bioreactor.
  • this filtration means is provided in the recirculation circuit such that at least a portion of the recirculated liquid undergoes some form of filtration prior to leaving the apparatus. The resultant treated liquid may then be used on site for various
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for the treatment of waste
  • Figures 2A and 2B are respective plan and front elevational views of a waste treatment apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a typical dissolved oxygen (DO) trend over a multiple cycle period applying the apparatus and method of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a typical dissolved oxygen (DO) trend over a single cycle using the apparatus and method of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic view of "normal” and "backwash” modes, according to preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 1 for treating waste includes three main components, namely a feed or dosing tank 10, bioreactor 20 and a filtration mechanism 30.
  • a separator 5 is provided upstream of the feed pump 11. The separator is necessary if there is a sizable proportion of solids in the incoming waste.
  • the separator 5 separates the incoming waste stream into a solids-rich stream 6 and a liquids- rich stream 7.
  • the solids-rich stream 6 is provided to and passes through a decomposition chamber 4 eventually reaching a solids pump well 8 from where it is transferred via pump 9 for reuse.
  • the solids may be transferred and forwarded to a vegetation cell on site.
  • the liquids-rich stream 7 is fed to the feed tank 10.
  • the feed tank 10 has three principle functions. Firstly, the tank 10 provides a small storage vessel from which the bioreactor can be dosed. Control of feed pump 11 allows an appropriate steady dosing into the bioreactor. This enables the performance of the bioreactor to be optimised over a 24 h period and reduces the possibility of large quantities of untreated waste entering the bioreactor. It is preferable that the bioreactor is dosed contiollably from the feed pump at a relatively low level. Inconsistent or high spikes of flow to the bioreactor can, in some circumstances, make control difficult.
  • feed pump 11 provide consistent dosing and the feed tank 10 is sized to act as a buffer tank and thereby handle the varying flows of incoming liquids-rich stream 7.
  • the feed tank 10 provides for a secondary trap for any solids passing the separation device 5. For example, some plastic, paper or other incidental materials may be more easily recovered from the feed tank than from elsewhere in the apparatus.
  • the feed pump 11 provides a metered dose of liquids-rich stream to the bioreactor 20.
  • the bioreactor consists of two volumes, a first or packed volume 22 which includes packing and acts as a substrate for micro-organisms, and a second volume or collection well 24 which does not include such packing and is preferably positioned below the packed volume 22 to collect the liquid passing therethrough.
  • the bioreactor 20 may be operated under both aerobic and anoxic conditions as will be discussed below.
  • the unit may contain various micro-organisms and preferably includes nitrosomas, nitrobacter and heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria are primarily
  • a liquids-rich stream 7 is provided to the bioreactor 20 and passes through the packed volume 22, in this instance a trickle bed, to reach the collection well 24.
  • the liquids-rich stream is then recirculated from the collection well 24 via a recirculation
  • the recirculation rate is adjustable but is typically quite high, e.g. 40 L/min, for a typical domestic application to provide a well distributed spray that aerates the liquid entering the trickle bed 22, thereby to establish aerobic conditions.
  • Nitrosomas and nitrobacter promote the nitrification of a liquid which involves the conversion of ammonia (as ammonium ions) to nitrate.
  • the large surface area provided by the packing or substrate within the packed volume/trickle bed 22 provides surface area for the growth of bacteria.
  • the dissolved oxygen in the liquid waste falls as the material passes through the bed 22 and also in areas of the bed where liquid is relatively low.
  • the bioreactor can be run under low-oxygen or even anoxic conditions. Under such conditions, hetrotrophic bacteria consume oxygen from the nitrate and convert it to nitrogen gas. Liquid leaving the packed volume via gravity enters the collection well together with some bacteria where it mixes with the remaining liquid. The nitrification/denitrification process continues within the collection well 24.
  • the Applicant has found that treatment of the waste can be controlled by the simple application of appropriate recirculation rates.
  • the Applicant has found that the bioreactor may be run in either low-oxygen phase or high-oxygen phase.
  • the level of oxygen in the collection well 22 is between 0.1 and 0.7 mg/L during low-oxygen periods and 1.5 to 3.0 mg/L during high-oxygen periods.
  • typical treatment cycles of the recirculation may comprise "4 min on/20 min off for the low-oxygen phase; and "20 min on/4 min off for the high-oxygen phase.
  • Over a typical 24 h period there are approximately four high-oxygen periods of 1-2 h duration and four low-oxygen periods of 4-5 h duration.
  • For a typical domestic treatment situation there are two peak load periods in the morning and evening and the timing of the above cycles is adjusted to ensure that a high- oxygen period coincides with these high load periods.
  • a solids transfer pump 25 may be included in the bioreactor to collect and return any solid matter in the collection well 24 back into the decomposition chamber 4.
  • the third element of the present invention is the filtration means 30.
  • a chamber 32 is positioned within the piping of the apparatus that provides recirculation to the bioreactor 20.
  • a small amount of liquid is filtered through membranes 34.
  • the bulk of the liquids-rich stream passes past the membranes in chamber 32 and flows back to the bioreactor 20.
  • the liquid passing through the membranes 34 may leave the apparatus with or without further treatment.
  • Such further treatment may include, for instance, an ultraviolet disinfection unit 40.
  • the "filtration means" is provided by an actual filter.
  • Other devices such as settling devices are suitable for separating the remaining solids from the treated liquid.
  • recirculation of the liquids-rich stream is kept at a high level and clearance between the membranes and chamber 32 housing is kept relatively small to promote high liquid velocities past the filtration surface. This results in scouring of the filtration surface and helps to keep the filtration area clean.
  • air may be added to the filtration device 30. The air is added in such a way that it performs at least two functions. Firstly, addition of air into the filtration chamber 32 allows the aerobic digestion to continue. In addition, air bubbles passing the filtration surface scours and cleans the surface.
  • a simple aeration system 38 may be installed for such a purpose.
  • dosing from the feed tank may occur during each recirculation cycle.
  • a typical treatment system handling 1500 L/day would require 20-30 L of feed to be added during each recirculation cycle.
  • the time of dosing and the time of addition can be adjusted to optimise treatment.
  • the bioreactor is given a consistent dose from the feed tank, there will be situations where the load on the bioreactor will vary due to variations in the number of people in a residence, limitations on the feed tank size, etc. In such a case, the recirculation cycle times may be varied during the day to maintain the desired oxygen levels in the liquids-rich stream under the different load conditions.
  • An additional tank may be placed on the upstream side of the bioreactor. This is useful where there are very high throughputs or more treatment is required when the dosing tank gets full.
  • a simple pump can transfer the contents from the feed/dosing tank 11 into such an additional buffer tank.
  • the bioreactor may be fed directly from such an additional buffer tank.
  • This tanlc can be periodically aerated for set periods resulting in nitrification during the aeration stage and in denitrification during the "off period”.
  • Example 1 The Applicant has tested the inventive apparatus and method and found that it
  • the nitrates are converted to N 2 which is released as a gas.
  • These low-oxygen periods are generally run for 4 h to give effective anoxic treatment of the waste. Accordingly, it can be seen that with the present inventive apparatus and method, an operator may alter the time and relative
  • Figure 4 shows a typical trend in oxygen levels during a single low-oxygen (low load) cycle. In the first 5 min of a cycle where aeration takes place, the waste undergoes 'nitrification'. As the cycle continues, 'denitrification' occurs when the dissolved oxygen content ("DO" on the y-axes of Figures 3 and 4) falls to between approximately 0 to 0.5 mg/L.
  • DO dissolved oxygen content
  • the novel combination of a trickle bed 22 and collection well 24 in a single bioreactor permits a combination of phosphate and nitrogen removal within the same reactor.
  • the treatment is further enhanced by the ability to control input quantity and relative oxygen concentration cycles, i.e. high/low.
  • the low-oxygen/high-oxygen cycles are carried out in a tank in either a batch or continuous mode.
  • the process combines a trickle bed and feed tank resulting in a large surface area for biological film growth and in addition, the opportunity to trap recirculating bacteria on the surface. This can result in effective treatment whilst minimising the solids content of the recirculating stream and enhancing flow through the filtration means 30.
  • FIG. 5 provides a simple explanation of the pump/filter arrangement.
  • the filtration means 30 includes a backwash pump 36.
  • This backwash pump is normally not running in such that the treated liquid passes through the filter and pump and out of the apparatus. This is the so called “normal mode” as shown in Figure 5.
  • the backwash pump 36 is turned on and operates in its normal function to force fluid into the filtration means thereby clearing the filtration means/membranes 30 and 34.
  • Such an arrangement provides for readily controllable cleaning and throughput of the liquid through the filtration means 30.
  • Example 2 The present invention will now be described with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 2A and 2B.
  • a typical domestic installation would be housed in a tank of 3000 to 4000 L.
  • the bioreactor would be around 1600 L with a first packed volume of 1200 L and a second collection volume of around 400 L.
  • the feed tank would be around 350 L and the decomposition chamber around 500 L.
  • the filtration chamber would be around 20 to 40 L.
  • a separate water tank would be provided for backwashing. For storage and reuse such a separate water tank would normally be 150 L minimum.
  • an additional storage or buffer tank for the incoming liquids-rich stream could be provided. Typically, this would be around 1200 L maximum.
  • the basic waste treatment apparatus comprises a feed tank and bioreactor.
  • the incoming waste is separated into a solids-rich stream and a liquids-rich stream.
  • the solids and the liquid can drop into a decomposition chamber 4 which may consist of a plurality of mesh trays that house worms and/or other suitable living organisms that accelerate the decomposition of the solid waste.
  • a decomposition chamber 4 which may consist of a plurality of mesh trays that house worms and/or other suitable living organisms that accelerate the decomposition of the solid waste.
  • PCT/AU02/00559 published as WO 02/089957
  • the solid particles are reduced in size and fall through the mesh to the tray beneath. Fine solids and the small quantity of liquid pass through the final tray and collect in the solids pump well 3 from where they may be transferred to a subsoil vegetation cell outside the apparatus 1, where it may be utilised for plant growth.
  • the size of the vegetation cell is based on standard sludge accumulation
  • the feed pump 11 begins to operate at the same time as the recirculation pump 26 and thereby provide a predetermined quantity of liquid to the bioreactor 20. At set intervals, liquid is recirculated by pump 26 from the base of the collection well 24 through a filtration chamber 32 and back to the top of the bioreactor 20. From
  • the filtered liquid is sprayed onto the trickle bed 22 through a distribution pipe 27 and sprays 28 (see Figure 2A). During this high-oxygen phase, the liquid is
  • the trickle bed 22 can comprise a volume with any suitable packing.
  • packings are well known to persons skilled in the art, but one particularly preferred packing consists of 25 mm recycled rubber on top of a layer of 65 mm agricultural pipe cut into 150-250 mm lengths. In other preferred embodiments, the packing may include segments of pipe, rubber, recycled rubber, Raschig and Lessing rings, saddles, or combinations thereof. Within the same treatment cycle, recirculation is reduced or stopped.
  • the liquid which then drains into the collection well 24 is subsequently depleted of oxygen, becomes anoxic, and denitrification results.
  • the nitrate is converted to nitrogen gas.
  • the period(s) with without reduced/stopped recirculation is set to optimise biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen and phosphate reduction.
  • the system is designed to take 190 L/h over 5 h with a maximum of 225 L/h for a 5 h period; 300 L/h for a 2 h period; and 600 L/h for a 30 min period.
  • the filtration chamber 32 is pressurised and liquid passes through the membranes 34.
  • a diaphragm pump to pressurise the filtration chamber 32 and continue to provide a pressure drop for filtration.
  • the backwash can also be aerated to provide for additional treatment of the waste within the filtration chamber.
  • Such aeration in the filtration chamber scours the membranes and keeps the waste therein aerobic. This, in turn, forces the phosphates into the solid phase, thereby preventing them from passing through the membrane.
  • Such phosphate-rich solids will be returned to the bioreactor for subsequent treatment.
  • Solids are preferably allowed to build up in the collection well 24 to a suitable level for biological activity. Excess solids are periodically transferred by the solids transfer pump 25 to the decomposition chamber 4. The tracking of the biomass within the bioreactor and the device as a whole is important. Such biomass can build up within
  • the resultant treated liquid is held in tank 44, from where it may be pumped from the system. It is suitable both for surface irrigation of small blocks of land, and for toilet flushing.
  • a simple pressure pump 42 may be used with an open line to the toilet cistern and a valve to irrigation.
  • the level in the tank 44 is preferably maintained so that there is always sufficient water for membrane backwash.
  • the system is fitted with a micro-control unit that preferably performs some if not all the following functions:
  • the present invention only requires 12-monthly servicing as compared with typical 3-monthly servicing of conventional filter systems.
  • Other modifications to the inventive device can include additional treatment of the incoming waste by physical or chemical means to assist in bioreactor performance.
  • the liquids-rich stream that is fed to the bioreactor can be passed over steel wool.
  • Incoming waste may also be treated with carbon-containing material if the ⁇ :C ratio is sub-optimal.
  • the solid/liquid separation device can remove carbon from the waste.
  • the micro-organisms within the bioreactor require carbon as a nutrient. Addition of carbon containing compounds, e.g.
  • the present invention provides for excellent reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), nitrogen, phosphate and faecal coliforms. It does so in a simple, inexpensive and controllable device, without the need for complex chemical or physical treatment of the incoming waste.
  • the system may be fitted with a battery backup power supply for the operation of alarms in the event of a power loss.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (1) conçu pour le traitement de déchets, qui comporte un moyen d'alimentation (10) et un bioréacteur (20). Le bioréacteur comporte un substrat supportant des organismes et traversé par les déchets, ainsi qu'un second volume qui reçoit et recueille les déchets. Le débit des déchets dans le bioréacteur peut être régulé de façon à modifier le traitement aérobie et anoxique correspondant des déchets. Ledit appareil comporte éventuellement un moyen de filtrage (30). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de traitement de déchets, ainsi que les déchets traités suivant ce procédé.
PCT/AU2005/000206 2004-02-18 2005-02-17 Traitement de dechets ameliore WO2005077842A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004900813 2004-02-18
AU2004900813A AU2004900813A0 (en) 2004-02-18 Improved waste treatment

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WO2005077842A1 true WO2005077842A1 (fr) 2005-08-25

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107531530A (zh) * 2015-07-07 2018-01-02 洪胜男 高效污水脱氮去磷的工艺及系统

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