WO2005071325A1 - Recepteur de rayonnement - Google Patents

Recepteur de rayonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005071325A1
WO2005071325A1 PCT/AU2005/000064 AU2005000064W WO2005071325A1 WO 2005071325 A1 WO2005071325 A1 WO 2005071325A1 AU 2005000064 W AU2005000064 W AU 2005000064W WO 2005071325 A1 WO2005071325 A1 WO 2005071325A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiver
radiation
receiving surface
concentrator
shape
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/000064
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Mills
Philipp Schramek
Anne Gerd Imenes
Damien Buie
Original Assignee
The University Of Sydney
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004900332A external-priority patent/AU2004900332A0/en
Application filed by The University Of Sydney filed Critical The University Of Sydney
Publication of WO2005071325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005071325A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention broadly relates to a receiver for radiation and a method of fabricating a receiver for radiation.
  • the present invention relates particularly, though not exclusively, to a receiver for collecting sunlight from at least one radiation concentrator such as a reflector dish.
  • concentration is used for any concentrator means including single or multiple concentrating surfaces which in use concentrate radiation to a focal region or point.
  • the present invention provides in a first aspect a method of fabricating a receiver for radiation, the method comprising the steps of: determining a distribution of the radiation from at least one radiation concentrator that in use illuminates a receiving surface of the receiver and selecting a shape for the receiving surface so that in use the receiving surface is more evenly illuminated by the or each radiation concentrator than a flat receiving surface.
  • the distribution of the radiation typically is associated with direct illumination of the receiving surface by the or each radiation concentrator and the radiation typically is directly received from the sun by the or each radiation concentrator.
  • the shape of the receiving surface is selected so that in use the receiving surface is substantially evenly illuminated by the or each radiation concentrator.
  • the receiving surface By shaping the receiving surface in the above-defined manner, there typically is no need for an additional device, such as a kaleidoscope-like device, to evenly illuminate the receiving surface.
  • the efficiency of electricity generation can be improved by selecting a particular profiled shape for the receiving surface that results in more even illumination.
  • the present invention provides in a second aspect a receiver for radiation fabricated by the above-defined method.
  • the present invention provides in a third aspect a receiver for radiation comprising: a body having a receiving surface arranged to receive the radiation from a radiation source by at least one radiation concentrator, the receiving surface having a shape that is profiled so that a distribution of radiation originating from the source located at one position relative to the or each radiation concentrator, or an average radiation distribution if the source is located at more than one position during a predetermined time period, results in substantially even illumination of the receiving surface.
  • the radiation source may be the sun.
  • the receiving surface may have a shape that is profiled so that the receiving surface is substantially evenly illuminated for one position of the sun relative to the or each radiation concentrator.
  • the receiving surface may have a shape that is profiled so that an average radiation distribution for more then one positions of the sun results in substantially even illumination of the receiving surface.
  • the receiver typically is shaped so that a distribution of radiation originating from the source directed directly to the or each concentrator and directed directly from the or each concentrator to the receiving surface results in use in substantially even illumination of the receiving surface.
  • the or each radiation concentrator of the receiver according to the second or third aspect of the invention may be a lens but typically is a reflector such as a sunlight reflector dish or a reflecting heliostat.
  • the receiver according to the second or the third aspect of the present invention may comprise at least one device that transforms solar energy into another form of energy, such as electrical, thermal or chemical energy.
  • the receiver may comprise a photovoltaic device and the receiving surface may comprise a photovoltaically active surface of the or each photovoltaic device.
  • the receiving surface comprises a plurality of surface portions which are shaped and positioned so that the plurality of surface portions together in use are substantially evenly illuminated.
  • the body may comprise a thermal or chemical receiver and at least a region of the receiving surface may be a surface of the thermal or chemical receiver.
  • the or each radiation concentrator of the receiver according to the second or third aspect of the present invention may be a part of an array such as a solar energy reflector array.
  • the radiation concentrators may be arranged to reflect incident solar radiation to the receiver and to be driven to follow relative movement of the sun, in the manner of a heliostat.
  • the receiver may be arranged for positioning over the array of radiation concentrators .
  • the receiving surface may in this case have a dish-like shape, either concave or convex, having a profile that can be approximated by a curve having a central region of lower curvature and edge regions of higher curvature.
  • one concentrator may be coupled to the receiver in a manner such that the one concentrator tracks the movement of the sun together with the receiver.
  • the concentrator may be a paraboloidal dish reflector and the receiving surface may have a curved profile that has a higher curvature in a central region.
  • a movement of the radiation source relative to the radiation concentrators will change the requirements for even illumination of the receiving surface if the receiver according to the second or third aspect of the present invention is arranged to collect radiation from more than one radiation concentrator, but is itself not moved accordingly.
  • the receiving surface of the receiver may be arranged so that the shape of the receiving surface can be changed in a controlled manner.
  • the receiver according to the second or third aspect of the present invention may comprise a drive that is arranged to effect the change in the shape of the receiving surface in a controlled manner and dependent on the position of the radiation source relative to the radiation concentrators .
  • a sun-tracking reflector dish is arranged to track the movement of the radiation source, such as the relative movement of the sun, and the receiver is arranged to track with the reflector so that the requirements for even illumination on the receiving surface do not change significantly.
  • the reflector may have a concave paraboloidal shape.
  • the receiving surface may also have a curved convex or concave shape that is profiled so that the receiving surface is substantially evenly illuminated, although this curved shape typically is not paraboloidal .
  • the profile of the receiving surface of the receiver according to the second or third aspect of the present invention may be either predominantly or totally convex or predominantly or totally concave relative to the or each radiation concentrator.
  • the receiving surface typically is positioned between the or each radiation concentrator and the focal region of the or each radiation concentrator. If the shape is concave, the receiving surface typically is positioned behind the focal region of the or each radiation concentrator.
  • the invention provides in a fourth aspect a system for receiving sunlight, the system comprising: a radiation receiver having a receiving surface and a solar energy reflector array arranged to reflect sunlight to the receiving surface, the receiving surface having an at least partially non-flat shape which is more evenly illuminated by the solar energy reflector array than a flat receiving surface.
  • the invention provides in a fifth aspect the system according to the fourth aspect wherein the receiver is according to the second or third aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows plots representative of the cross- section of a parabolic reflector dish and the cross- sections of a calculated receiving surface according to a first specific embodiment
  • Figure 2 shows plots representative of a cross- section of receiving surfaces according to a second specific embodiment
  • Figure 3 shows plots representative of a cross- section of receiving surfaces according to a third specific embodiment
  • Figure 4 shows plots representative of a perspective view of receiving surfaces according to a fourth specific embodiment .
  • Specific embodiments concern a receiver for radiation arranged to receive radiation from one or more radiation concentrators.
  • the receiving surface has a non-flat shape that is profiled so that in use the receiving surface is substantially evenly illuminated.
  • a contiguous surface may be defined receiving constant illumination over the surface at a value between the value of the incident radiation flux at the concentrator and the maximum concentrated radiation flux at the focus point or points of the radiation concentrator.
  • a receiver surface can be constructed between the focal point or points and the mirror field or beyond the focal point and away from the mirror field where a substantially even illumination exists.
  • the following describes a method of creating a surface of even illumination in a solar concentrating system.
  • a ray-tracing model that simulates the concentrated solar energy conditions about the focal region or regions of a given solar collector device, a detailed model of the concentrated radiation can be gained.
  • This model includes both the spatial and spectral energy distribution of the terrestrial solar radiation, the effect the concentrating optical system has on the solar radiation and the specific optical design of the concentrating system.
  • the ray-tracing program calculates the energy passing though a small volume element about the focus or foci.
  • a surface can be calculated according to that value, producing a surface of even illumination.
  • the surface is defined as the region of the energy intensity map corrected for the solar flux incident on the receiver.
  • each focal point can be identified with an assemblage of reflectors, and for each such system a surface of constant illumination can be located.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a plot of a cross- section of a parabolic reflector dish surface 10 and the calculated receiving surface profiles 12 to 15 and 17 to 20 of a receiver and which has a calculated shape that corresponds to substantially even illumination of the receiving surface for sunlight reflected by the reflector.
  • the receiving surfaces 12 to 15 and 17 to 20 are also shown in the insert of Figure 1. Shown are four convex receiving surfaces 12 to 15 and four concave receiving surfaces 17 to 20 which are arranged about focal point 22 (positioned at position 0; 0 of the plot) of the reflector surface 10.
  • the four different concave and convex surfaces correspond to different levels of illumination per radiation surface area.
  • the receiving surface is positioned between the focal point 22 and the reflector surface 10.
  • the receiving surface has a parabolic shape which is convex.
  • the focal point 22 is positioned between the receiving surface and the reflector surface 10
  • the receiving surface has a parabolic concave shape.
  • the surface shapes 12 to 15 and 17 to 20 were calculated using the above procedure supported by suitable computer software including a ray-tracing program.
  • Figure 2 shows plots of receiving surfaces (arbitrary units) for different radiation fields of solar radiation reflectors .
  • the reflectors are arranged in an array of 100% ground coverage and assumed to be arranged to concentrate sun light onto a receiver positioned on a solar tower.
  • the reflectors are arranged to track the relative movement of the sun.
  • the shown receiving surface shapes 30 to 33 have shapes that are calculated for positioning the receiving surface between the reflectors and the focal point of the reflectors .
  • Figure 2 shows plots of 30 to 33 corresponding to 0, 30, 45 and 60° Zenith angle of the sun.
  • the reflector field is a continuum field comprising an infinite number of infinitesimal small reflectors .
  • Figure 3 shows plots that are related to those shown in Figure 2, the difference being that the shown plots 40 to 42 were calculated for a multi tower solar array as disclosed in Mills D.R. und Schramek Ph. (1999) .
  • Mul ti Tower Solar Array (MTSA) with ganged heliostats are examples of the receiving surface between the reflectors and the focal point of the reflectors .
  • FIG. 4 shows plots (arbitrary units) of the calculated energy per unit volume element for a single solar tower reflector array having a tower carrying a receiver having the receiving surface in the centre of the array.
  • Figure 4 shows a 3D ray-trace of solar radiation flux per unit volume under the condition that there is no receiver to obstruct the beam.
  • the primary solar beam has an angular spread (which is described in Buie D. , Monger A. J. and Dey C. J.
  • Such a ⁇ lower constant illumination surface' may be continued part way up the side of the peanut' until it gets close to the edge of the ray envelope between the focal point and the reflector concentrator array boundary.
  • constant illumination becomes impossible because the ⁇ peanut' shaped distribution increasingly depends upon rays passing through the focal point - which are blocked - rather than those which have not yet passed through the focal point.
  • the allowed perimeter of the constant illumination surface can be determined accurately by a ray-trace that accurately models the input source of radiation.
  • the focal point of the reflector array is in the centre of the structures shown in Figure 5. Shown are three structures that have bottom halves 51, 53, 55 and top halves 50, 52 and 54.
  • the convex exterior of the bottom halves 51, 52 and 53 correspond to three examples of different illumination levels of receiving surface shapes for cases where the receiving surfaces are positioned between the focal point and the array and the interior surface of the upper halves 50, 52 and 54 were calculated for different illumination levels and correspond to the cases of the focal point being positioned between the array and the receiving surface of the receiver.
  • the shape of the receiving surfaces associated with even illumination is dependent on the relative positions of the sun.
  • the receiving surface may be given an "average" profile having a shape that approximates that of a range of ideal profiles for a range of relative sun positions.
  • the receiving surface may be arranged to change its profile dependent on the requirements.
  • selected surface facets may be arranged to move relative to others .
  • the receiving surfaces or facets of the receiving surfaces as shown in Figures 1 to 5 may be associated with the surfaces of photovoltaic cells, thermal or chemical receivers.
  • the or each radiation concentrator may be any type of radiation concentrator including Fresnel lenses and other lenses.
  • the or each radiation concentrator may have any suitable shape and a plurality of the radiation concentrators may not be arranged in an array.
  • the radiation may not be sunlight but may be any other type of comparable electromagnetic radiation.
  • the shape of the receiving surface may be calculated using any suitable method.
  • the receiving surface may also be arranged to reflect radiation in addition to, or alternatively to, transmitting radiation.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un récepteur de rayonnement. Ce procédé consiste à déterminer la distribution du rayonnement à partir d'au moins un concentrateur de rayonnement qui, au cours de l'utilisation, éclaire une surface de réception du récepteur. Ce procédé consiste ensuite à choisir une forme pour la surface de réception de sorte que, au cours de l'utilisation, la surface de réception soit éclairée plus uniformément par le ou chacun des concentrateurs de rayonnement par rapport à une surface de réception plate. Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne un récepteur de rayonnement qui, au cours de l'utilisation, est sensiblement uniformément éclairé.
PCT/AU2005/000064 2004-01-23 2005-01-21 Recepteur de rayonnement WO2005071325A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004900332 2004-01-23
AU2004900332A AU2004900332A0 (en) 2004-01-23 A receiver for radiation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005071325A1 true WO2005071325A1 (fr) 2005-08-04

Family

ID=34800105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2005/000064 WO2005071325A1 (fr) 2004-01-23 2005-01-21 Recepteur de rayonnement

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2005071325A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8378280B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2013-02-19 Areva Solar, Inc. Integrated solar energy receiver-storage unit
US8739512B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2014-06-03 Areva Solar, Inc. Combined cycle power plant
US8807128B2 (en) 2007-08-27 2014-08-19 Areva Solar, Inc. Linear fresnel solar arrays
US9022020B2 (en) 2007-08-27 2015-05-05 Areva Solar, Inc. Linear Fresnel solar arrays and drives therefor
US9726155B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2017-08-08 Wilson Solarpower Corporation Concentrated solar power generation using solar receivers
US10876521B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2020-12-29 247Solar Inc. Multi-thermal storage unit systems, fluid flow control devices, and low pressure solar receivers for solar power systems, and related components and uses thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU890034A1 (ru) * 1980-03-24 1981-12-15 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Проблем Материаловедения Ан Усср Гелиоустановка
US4341201A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-07-27 Ziemann Ronald W Solar energy collecting and utilization system
US5058564A (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-10-22 John Delacretaz Solar collector

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4341201A (en) * 1980-02-29 1982-07-27 Ziemann Ronald W Solar energy collecting and utilization system
SU890034A1 (ru) * 1980-03-24 1981-12-15 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Проблем Материаловедения Ан Усср Гелиоустановка
US5058564A (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-10-22 John Delacretaz Solar collector

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8378280B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2013-02-19 Areva Solar, Inc. Integrated solar energy receiver-storage unit
US8739512B2 (en) 2007-06-06 2014-06-03 Areva Solar, Inc. Combined cycle power plant
US8807128B2 (en) 2007-08-27 2014-08-19 Areva Solar, Inc. Linear fresnel solar arrays
US9022020B2 (en) 2007-08-27 2015-05-05 Areva Solar, Inc. Linear Fresnel solar arrays and drives therefor
US9726155B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2017-08-08 Wilson Solarpower Corporation Concentrated solar power generation using solar receivers
US10280903B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2019-05-07 Wilson 247Solar, Inc. Concentrated solar power generation using solar receivers
US11242843B2 (en) 2010-09-16 2022-02-08 247Solar Inc. Concentrated solar power generation using solar receivers
US10876521B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2020-12-29 247Solar Inc. Multi-thermal storage unit systems, fluid flow control devices, and low pressure solar receivers for solar power systems, and related components and uses thereof

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