WO2005069719A2

WO2005069719A2 - The fuel feed technique in combustion engine combustion chamber and nozzle

Info

Publication number: WO2005069719A2
Application number: PCT/EA2005/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Konstantin Evgenevich Starodetko; Cheslav Bronislavovich Drobyshevsky
Original assignee: Kuzmenkov, Dmitriy
Priority date: 2004-01-21
Filing date: 2005-01-14
Publication date: 2005-08-04
Also published as: EA200400065A1; WO2005069719A3; EA005020B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine building, namely to fuel supplying equipment of combustion engines. The aim of the invention is the improvement of fuel injection quality and significant simplification of nozzle construction, improvement of nozzle operation longevity. The set problem is solved by that fuel is fed as continuous hollow cone with a spraying angle of more than 50º through a circular slot formed by valve conic surface and a conic saddle in a body. Theset problem is solved as well by that valve is made as a disc valve, with plate flank addressed to engine cylinder, and conic mounting surface addressed to sprayer body saddle, the spraying hole is made as ring slot between sprayer body saddle and plate conic surface of the valve appearing at valve opening due to elastic deformation of the valve stem, from the opposite side of valve plate the tool for preliminary rod elastic tightness making is installed. There are also other differences from the prototype. The advantage of claimed technique and device is the absence of transferred material masses, and therefore, inertial resistances, that allows to work on high-speed and high-revolution engines. Besides, this technique is easily falling under automated control, according to quantity and quality of fed fuel. The construction of a nozzle is substantially simplified.

Description

THE FUEL FEED TECHNIQUE IN COMBUSTION ENGINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND NOZZLE The invention relates to an engine building, namely to fuel supplying equipment of combustion engines. The technique of fuel supply to combustion engine by hollow conic jet with the help of pintle nozzles is known [1, 2]. The known mode does not allow to form spraying cone with optimum spraying angle, for example, 100°, and optimum jet wall thickness, as cone adjustment depends on valve needle position at the moment of opening. As far as pintle nozzles design allows to make only large flow areas, then injection pressure is much less, than in usual injection techniques and the quality of spraying is distinctly worse. Besides it is impossible to eliminate fuel leaks after valve closing in known nozzles. The fuel system for a diesel engine is known, including hydraulic pump as fuel constant pressure source, and accumulator, jointed in sequence and connected to a drive cavity of pressure intensifier with graduated plunger, nozzle with a hydrolocked spring-loaded needle with over-needle and under-needle compartments, such valves as check, electromagnetic pilot and hydrocontrolled with a throttle hole. The valves are made as spring-loaded, and both springs promote valves closing. At that fuel pressure intensifier drive cavity is connected to fuel constant pressure source through the hydrocontrolled valve, which controlling cavity is connected to drainage through the electromagnetic pilot valve, the input of the check valve is connected to constant pressure source, and the exit to working cavity is connected to a plunger and under-needle compartment [3] The weak point of the described fuel system is in that the small cycle feedings are injected in a combustion chamber with essentially less feedings, than large cycle feedings, since principle of dispensing is realized in the device, at which the pressure intensifier at filling performs a complete uprise, and a great volume of compressed fuel under pressure, unused at the injection, remains under a plunger after delivery termina- tion, that can be a probable source of pressure fluctuations, results in a system opera- tion instability as a whole. Other weak point is in that distinct injection termination is not provided in a system, that does not allow to make an injection optimally, namely without prolongation of final phase of injection. One more weak point of the known nozzle is in a shape of injection holes, that result in that the part of fuel remains in a hole and scale is formed in nozzle holes at fuel combustion outside combustion chamber that impair nozzles operation. The principal contradiction of known nozzles is that they have spraying holes in sprayer, and their number is always restricted to their placement capability round the sprayer tip. In any cases these nozzles can not create a continuous spraying cone on cone generatrix. Besides, in any embodiment the nozzles have volumes, not enclosed by a nozzle needle: such as a center well, spraying holes themselves. This fact results in coking. The large passage of nozzle needle sharply complicates the solution discrete injection problem and reduces operation longevity because of cone mounting surfaces fracturing. The fuel system for a diesel engine being the closest analog is known including fuel constant pressure source in the form of hydraulic pump and accumulator jointed in sequence and connected to a body, in which pressure intensifier with piston and plunger, hydrocontrolled valve by which pressure intensifier cavity is connected with constant pressure source, nozzle with a hydrolocked spring-loaded needle and over- needle and under-needle compartments, check valve attached between constant pressure source and pressure chamber, and also pilot electromagnetic valve connected control chamber with drainage are placed. The throttle hole is made in the hydrocontrolled valve, which joins a drive cavity of pressure intensifier to the control chamber. At that the channels are provided in the intensifier that communicate under-needle compartment to the working cavity of the pressure intensifier [4] The weak point of the given fuel system is insufficient operating speed, as the injection delay period from a moment of electromagnetic pilot valve closing to the injection beginning is great and unstable. The aim of the invention is the improvement of fuel injection quality and sig- nificant simplification of nozzle construction, improvement of nozzle operation longevity. The set problem is solved by that in known fuel supply technique in combustion chamber of combustion engine, according to which the fuel is fed under pressure through spraying holes, then, according to invention, the fuel is fed as continuous hollow cone with a spraying angle of more than 50° through a circular slot formed by valve conic surface and a conic saddle in a body. The set problem is solved as well by that fuel is fed symmetrically relative to combustion chamber axis. The set problem is solved as well by that fuel is fed with a displacement relative to combustion chamber axis and/or on the angle to combustion chamber axis. The set problem is solved as well by the fact that vibration is applied on one of the surfaces forming a ring slot at fuel injection. The set problem is solved as well by that vibrations amplitude is set in such a way that the ring slot is partly blocked during fuel injection.. The set problem is solved as well by that, according to the invention, in a known nozzle for fuel supply in the combustion engine including a body with a channel for fuel supply, conic spring-loaded valve for periodical fuel injection in the cylinder, sprayer, and also the tool for impulse valve opening, and the valve is made as a disc valve, with plate flank addressed to engine cylinder, and conic mounting surface addressed to sprayer body saddle, the spraying hole is made as ring slot between sprayer body saddle and plate conic surface of the valve appearing at valve opening due to elastic deformation of the valve stem, from the opposite side of valve plate the tool for preliminary rod elastic tightness making is installed. The set problem is solved as well by that the part of valve body saddle forming spraying ring slot wall is made with cone aperture angle that is larger than valve cone angle. The set problem is solved as well by that it is supplied with the device for making vibrations of valve plate. The fuel supply in combustion chamber of combustion engine as hollow cone with spraying angle more than 50° through a ring slot formed by valve seat allows to inject fuel in combustion as much more homogeneous fuel. At that spraying slot and valve seat are united in one device and therefore, if it is necessary to increase fuel sup- ply, the valve is opened with large gap, and simultaneously the amount of fuel, feeding to combustion chamber is increased. This problem was not solved in analogues and prototype. The invention is illustrated by drawings. The scheme of technique realization with axisymmetric cone introduction to combustion chamber is shown in fig. 1. The scheme of technique realization with asymmetric cone introduction to combustion chamber is shown in fig.. 2 . The nozzle scheme for fuel supply to combustion chamber is presented in fig. 3. The enlarged part I of figs. 3 is given in fig. 4 The fuel is fed through a nozzle 1 by jet 2 as a cone into combustion chamber, that is done for example, in piston head 3. The nozzle 1 is fixed in unit head 4. The fuel is fed through the channel 5, made in nozzle body. The nozzle is supplied by nosepiece 6, in which channel 5 extension for fuel is made too. The pin 7 is provided for channels coincidence. The nosepiece 6 is fixed to nozzle body 1 by means of a threading cap 8. The saddle 9 is made in the nosepiece flank, corresponding to cone made on a valve plate 10. The valve has long elastically deformable rod 11. From the side opposite to the valve plate 10 a thread is made on rod and the nuts 12 are set for creating preliminary tightness between the plate and valve seat. Between rod 11 and nosepiece 6 gap 13 for fuel passage to saddle 9 and valve plate 10 is done. For valve 10 centering on rod 1 1 the centering wings 14 are made. The valve seat 9 can be realized with expansion to exit 15 for acceptable hydrodynamic properties providing. The electromagnet 16 winding can be done for electromagnetic control around rod 11. The technique is realized in a following way. The fuel intended for injection in combustion engine is fed to nozzle 1 under high pressure. As the valve plate 10 under the influence of tool 12 for tightness creating is tightly pressed to valve seat 9, fuel does not leak and fills nozzle cavities. If it is necessary to supply fuel in the cylinder with the help of known means, the additional pressure is created inside the nozzle, at that due to the plate tensile strain start to affect on valve rod 11, and tensile strain can elastically deform and stretch the rod, providing gap opening between the valve and saddle within the limits of 0,2 — 0,5 mm. It is enough to ensure a ring slot 15 for fuel injection. The discharging of fluid volume part diminishes pressure in a nozzle, and the rod under the influence of elastic deformation returns plate to saddle, closing the fuel exit. The relative deformation of 100 mm rod length and 0,5 mm valve slot opening is 0,5 %. It does not exceed material elastic deformation. It is possible to use a valve stem magneto strictive material for valve opening, in that case it is easier to real- ize valve opening operation with the help of electromagnetic winding 16. The valve stem material properties and preliminary tightness of valve plate to a saddle can be chosen in such a way to ensure requirements of valve plate resonance oscillations. Besides, it is possible to achieve such conditions, that the gap between a valve plate and saddle can close during vibration. It will allow to ensure injection with breaking in a greater number of fluid particles, that positively influences on combustion process. Besides, the superposition of vibrations allows to increase accuracy of fuel doses control fed in engine. One more advantage of claimed technique and device is the absence of transferred material masses, and therefore, inertial resistances, that allows to work on high- speed and high-revolution engines. Besides, this technique is easily falling under automated control, according to quantity and quality of fed fuel. The invention characterized by all totality of the essential features is new, as the offered totality of the essential features is not described in known information sources used for definition of engineering level. Besides, the totality of the essential features is not evident, as it does not results directly from a level of engineering. At that the offered engineering solution is practicable under industrial conditions. At present initiative group carries on development of pilot nozzle with the sizes and dimensions of usual production nozzles. Besides, the theoretical calculations and design procedures of new nozzles are earned out.

Bibliography 1. Combustion Engines 3 issue. Edited by A.S. Orlin. M.G.Kruglova, Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1985, p. 170. 2. Diesel engines. Designer Reference Manual. Edited by V.A.Vanshtein, Mos- cow - Leningrad, Mashgiz, 1957, p. 287. 3. Patent of Russian Federation JYa 2029129, KΠ. F 02 M 51/00, 1995. 4. Patent of Russian Federation JYa 2059865, KJI. F 02 M 47/00, 1996 — the prototype.

Claims

THE CLAIMS 1. The fuel feed technique in combustion engine combustion chamber, according to which the fuel is fed under pressure through spraying holes is characterized in t h a t the fuel feeds as continuous hollow with a spraying angle of more than 50° through a circular slot formed by valve conic surface and a conic saddle in a body. 2. The technique as said in p.1 /^' s characterized in that fuel is fed symmetrically relative to combustion chamber axis. 3. The technique as said in p.1 z\y characterized in that fuel is fed with a displacement relative to combustion chamber axis and/or on the angle to combustion chamber axis. 4. The technique as said in p.1 is characterized in that vibration is applied on one of the surfaces forming a ring slot at fuel injection. 5. The technique as said in p.4 is characterized in t h a t the ring slot is partly blocked during fuel injection.. 6. The nozzle for fuel supply in the combustion engine including a body with a channel for fuel supply, conic spring-loaded valve for periodical fuel injection in the cylinder, sprayer, and also the tool for impulse valve opening is characterized i t h a t the valve is made as a disc valve, with plate flank addressed to en- gine cylinder, and conic mounting surface addressed to sprayer body saddle, the spraying hole is made as ring slot between sprayer body saddle and plate conic surface of the valve appearing at valve opening due to elastic deformation of the valve stem, from the opposite side of valve plate the tool for preliminary rod elastic tightness making is installed. 7. The nozzle as said in p.6 i characterized in t h a t the part of valve body saddle forming spraying ring slot wall is made with cone aperture angle that is larger than valve cone angle. 8. The nozzle as said in p.6 i characterized in t h a t it is supplied with the device for making vibrations of valve plate.