WO2005069096A1 - Source d'energie solaire dotee d'une fonction de suivi a puissance maximum - Google Patents

Source d'energie solaire dotee d'une fonction de suivi a puissance maximum Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005069096A1
WO2005069096A1 PCT/IB2005/050127 IB2005050127W WO2005069096A1 WO 2005069096 A1 WO2005069096 A1 WO 2005069096A1 IB 2005050127 W IB2005050127 W IB 2005050127W WO 2005069096 A1 WO2005069096 A1 WO 2005069096A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
array
solar cell
irradiance
maximum power
power point
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2005/050127
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Shen
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.
Publication of WO2005069096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005069096A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
    • H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to maximum power point tracking to enable the maximum extraction of power from solar cell apparatus.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • Figure 1 shows output power versus output voltage curves for a typical photovoltaic (PV) solar cell array operating at a number of different irradiance levels of light impinging on the array, at an array temperature of 25°C. Note that, for each different irradiance level, there is only one operating point on the respective curve where the output power from the solar array is at a maximum.
  • This maximum power point is marked by a small circle on each of the curves.
  • One known type of maximum power point tracking employs an active searching algorithm. If changes in the irradiance level occur slowly or infrequently, a static approach may be employed whereby the power output at different operating points along a given curve for a fixed irradiance level is measured until the maximum power point is found. If a more dynamic approach is desired, to better track quickly changing irradiance levels, additional computational speed and complexity is required.
  • Two other types of known maximum power point tracking which are generally simpler and require less computational speed, utilize a fixed voltage or current approach: • The fixed voltage approach measures the open-circuit voltage of a solar cell array and sets the operating voltage of the array at a fixed percentage of the measured voltage.
  • the fixed current approach measures the short-circuit current of a solar cell array and sets the operating current of the array at a fixed percentage of the measured current. This is generally more accurate than the open-circuit voltage approach, but only if there are not substantial variations in the temperature of the array. Also, this approach still requires intermittent interruption of the power generation. It is desirable to have a maximum power point measurement approach which is accurate and can be implemented in a simple and low cost manner without adversely affecting operation of solar cell power generation.
  • a solar cell power source includes a solar cell array having a characteristic maximum power point output current that varies substantially with changes of the irradiance of light impinging on the array, but does not vary substantially with temperature changes of the array over an operating temperature range of the array.
  • a photo - detector device which produces an output signal that varies with changes in the irradiance of impinging light is disposed for detecting the irradiance of light impinging on the solar cell array.
  • a load electrically connected to an output of the solar cell array has an input impedance which varies in response to the photo-detector output signal to effect drawing from the array that output current which is characteristic of the maximum power point of the array at the irradiance of the light impinging on the array.
  • Figure 2 illustrates output current versus output voltage curves for the solar cell array of Figure 1, when operating at a number of different array temperatures and at an irradiance level of 1000 Watts/m 2 .
  • the curves for the other irradiance levels shown in Figure 1 are similar, but are not included in Figure 2 to keep this figure simple.
  • the maximum power point current for each of the irradiance levels can be determined from the plot of Figure 3.
  • Figure 1 is a plot of the characteristic output power versus output voltage curves for a particular solar cell array.
  • Figure 2 is a plot of the characteristic output current versus output voltage curves for the solar cell array.
  • Figure 3 is a plot of the maximum power point current versus irradiance for the solar cell array.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a solar power source in accordance with the invention.
  • Figures 5-8 are schematic diagrams illustrating exemplary embodiments of solar power sources in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a solar cell power source in accordance with the invention.
  • This embodiment includes a solar-array module M, a control circuit C and a load L.
  • the module M includes an array S of solar cells and a photo- detector P arranged for receiving impinging light radiation. DC power produced by the array S is made available at output terminals 1,2 of the array. An output signal produced by the photo-detector P in response to the impinging light radiation is applied to an input of the control circuit C.
  • the control circuit is also electrically connected to the load L.
  • the load L includes input terminals 3,4 that are electrically connected to the output terminals of the array and output terminals 5,6 for providing power to a user apparatus.
  • the control circuit controls an input impedance of the load L in response to light radiation impinging on the photo-detector P and the solar array S to draw maximum power from the array, in accordance with the invention.
  • the load L is an inverter for converting the DC power produced by the array to AC power provided at the output terminals 5,6.
  • Figure 5 illustrates one such embodiment as including a solar-array module M, the inverter load L having a conventional boost converter input section B and a DC-to-AC converter section, and control circuitry.
  • the control circuitry includes a maximum power point tracker (MPPT), a difference generator ⁇ , an error amplifier A, and a duty cycle ratio controller R.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracker
  • the MPPT produces a reference current signal I ref representative of the average or DC current that should be drawn from the solar array to achieve the maximum power point at the irradiance of the array. This is done by sensing the current through the photo-detector P to detect the irradiance level and producing a reference signal corresponding to the maximum power point current that is characteristic of the array at that level. This can be achieved with relatively simple circuitry if a photo-diode having a current- irradiance characteristic that varies with temperature similarly with that of the solar cells in the array S is employed for the photo-detector P.
  • a silicon photo-diode may be utilized which produces a current that is proportional to the maximum power point current of the array itself over the operating temperature range.
  • a trans-impedance amplifier which will produce an output voltage that is proportional to the current through the photo-detector may be used for the MPPT circuitry.
  • the difference generator ⁇ compares the magnitude of the reference current signal I ref with a current signal I so i ar representing the current from the solar array S.
  • the current from the solar array is measured by sensing the current passing through one of the inputs of the load L.
  • cyclical switching of the transistor Q is controlled by a peak current mode controller PK such that the current drawn from the solar array by the load L is equivalent to the DC maximum power point current required at the irradiance sensed by the photo-detector P. This is done by switching the transistor off, during each cycle, at that peak current which results in the desired average current.
  • the MPPT produces a reference signal I ref (peak) representative of this peak current.
  • Controller PK determines when this peak current is reached by comparing the peak magnitude of the sensed solar array current I solar with I ref (peak).
  • Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment similar to that of Figure 5, but employing a MPPT including a microprocessor ⁇ P.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment where all of the control functions are included in a MPPT including a microprocessor. This embodiment could be used to replace any or all of the embodiments of Figures 5-7, and a variety of other embodiments. It could also store the characteristic data needed to operate a number of different solar arrays at their characteristic power point currents and to power a number of different loads, thereby providing a universal solar power source. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are described, various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that the invention includes all embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une source d'énergie à panneau solaire conçue pour fonctionner automatiquement à sa puissance maximum en dépit des modifications de l'éclairement énergétique et de la température du panneau solaire.
PCT/IB2005/050127 2004-01-12 2005-01-11 Source d'energie solaire dotee d'une fonction de suivi a puissance maximum WO2005069096A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53590304P 2004-01-12 2004-01-12
US60/535,903 2004-01-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005069096A1 true WO2005069096A1 (fr) 2005-07-28

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TWI481989B (zh) * 2012-11-27 2015-04-21 Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen 具有功率追蹤器之太陽能發電系統
WO2015059540A1 (fr) * 2013-10-22 2015-04-30 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Contrôleur de batterie solaire
TWI488022B (zh) * 2012-10-16 2015-06-11 Volterra Semiconductor Corp 可調整最大功率點追蹤控制器及其相關方法
US9088178B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2015-07-21 Solaredge Technologies Ltd Distributed power harvesting systems using DC power sources
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