WO2005064279A1 - Appareil, systeme, procede et programme permettant de determiner les parametres d'un reseau distribue - Google Patents

Appareil, systeme, procede et programme permettant de determiner les parametres d'un reseau distribue Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005064279A1
WO2005064279A1 PCT/EP2004/014700 EP2004014700W WO2005064279A1 WO 2005064279 A1 WO2005064279 A1 WO 2005064279A1 EP 2004014700 W EP2004014700 W EP 2004014700W WO 2005064279 A1 WO2005064279 A1 WO 2005064279A1
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parameters
predetermined
error
set forth
measurement
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PCT/EP2004/014700
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English (en)
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Alexander V. Lopatin
Sergey Ermishin
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Madison Technologies Limited
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/02—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation
    • G01D3/022—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation having an ideal characteristic, map or correction data stored in a digital memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
    • G06F2218/02—Preprocessing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metrology, and in particular, to increasing the accuracy of measurements during the operation of equipment in energy, information, and other systems.
  • It is an object of the invention is to provide an apparatus, system, method and program that provide a high degree of accuracy in the determination of a distributed system's parameters during system operation.
  • sensing stations when determining predetermined parameters of a distributed network including switching elements, sensing stations are used to measure the parameters of the system at its separate points, and an array of sequential measurements is produced for each of the sensing stations. Each measurement in the array indicates the time of measurement and determines the status of the system's preset switching elements. An array of the status of each of the switching elements is produced, indicating, for example, the time at which the status is checked and/or the time of a change in the status of each switching element. At least one selected sensing station is assigned a conversion function that determines whether a measurement is consistent with the "true" value of the parameter, as determined by a set of coefficients corresponding to that function.
  • Each measurement given by a sensing station is compared to a control value for the measurement of that parameter determined by at least one other sensing station and in accordance with a network diagram determined by the status of the switching elements at the time of the measurement.
  • Coefficients are determined based on the measurements by the sensing stations and the control values, such that if the true value of a measured parameter corresponds substantially equally to the control value of that parameter, the measured value of the parameter that corresponds to the true value is deemed equal to the measured value, and the true value of the parameter is used as the value of the network parameter as determined at the site of the corresponding sensing station.
  • a limit is imposed on the deviation of measurement of at least one sensing station, relative to the control value. If this deviation exceeds the limit, the sensing station provides an error signal. [0010] Also, to avoid recording clearly inaccurate measurements, at least one sensing station has a limit on the extent to which the control values may deviate from each other. If this deviation exceeds the limit, an error signal is provided.
  • the method may be used to determine the parameters of, for example, hydraulic, electrical, and heating networks, mechanical energy distribution networks, or information networks, including data transfer networks. In the latter case, the method may be used to determine, for example, the volume of traffic in the communication nodes or lines of a network.
  • the method may also be used to detect inconsistencies among sensing stations in a network.
  • the method permits a comparison of the measurements of at least two linked sensing stations. In the event of a disparity in the measurements of these sensing stations that exceeds the permissible disparity for linked sensing stations, a signal is given indicating the disparity.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed electrical network in the form of a power grid that is suitable for practicing the present invention.
  • Fig. la depicts a computing device used in the network of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. lb represents first and second sensing stations included in the network of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 represents two heterogeneous sets of measurement results employed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 consisting of Figs. 3A and 3B, depicts a flow diagram of a method performed according to the present invention.
  • the principal problem in increasing the accuracy of processing technical measurements on the basis of mathematical methods of processing the results of measurements is eliminating systematic constituent errors in the measurements, which generally account for more than 90% of total errors in measurement.
  • Traditional mathematical methods of processing data examine a set of measurement results as a homogenous aggregation ⁇ , and therefore they do not allow for the reduction of systematic constituent errors without conducting additional highly precise measurements.
  • the invention provides a method for obtaining virtual reference measurements based on the use of two (or more) heterogeneous sets of measurement results ( ⁇ l ⁇ 2 in Fig. 2), and on that basis, reduces systematic constituent errors in measurements as well as incidental errors.
  • the two heterogeneous sets of measurement results ( ⁇ l ⁇ 2 in Fig. 2) the following can be used, respectively: a set of results of multiple measurements, obtained as the measured parameter changes (decreases or increases) consistently, and a set of a priori information representing the measured parameter at each moment of time of the measurement.
  • the method of processing measurements depends on the use of reliable a priori information representing the measured parameter at each moment of time of measurement. Generally, such a priori information is very frequently present in the process of measurement, and if the necessary a priori information about the measured parameter is absent, it can be obtained on the basis of additional measurements that need not be extremely precise. The fact that the accuracy of measurement is elevated to the reference level as a result ensures that a very significant effect is achieved in this case as well.
  • Fig. 1 depicts a distributed network in the form of an electrical power grid system that is but one example of a type of network that is suitable for practicing this invention.
  • the power grid comprises at least one energy source, such as power source (1), at least one downstream distribution station, such as power station (2), which locally distributes electricity to predetermined consumers, and transmission lines (3) that interconnect the elements (1) and (2).
  • Pre-set switching elements (4) that are employed to selectively connect or disconnect network components, such as elements (1) and (2), from each other through, for example, line (3), also are included at predetermined points in the network depending on applicable network design criteria.
  • the switching elements (4) are preset, using a calibration function, discussed later, according to the structure of the network.
  • the coefficients of the calibration function may be expressed in a tabular form and used for calculating a measurement value of the sensing stations (5) (only one sensing station, power source, and power station are shown in Fig.
  • the switching elements (4) can be controlled by a network management control system, which may be, for example, the computing device (6) or a separate management system (not shown) in communication therewith and connected in the network.
  • Sensing stations (5) measure predetermined parameters or phenomena at predetermined points in the grid, such as in, for example, transmission lines (3) or elsewhere.
  • the sensing stations (5) each measure/detect a predetermined physical parameter or phenomenon of the power grid, such as (electrical energy) current voltage, potential, capacity, power, and/or any other predetermined measurable physical (electrical) quantity, and transmit the measured parameters (i.e., detected levels of the parameters) to a computing device (6), such as, for example a data processing unit, server, a PC, laptop or other remote personal computer, although in other embodiments other suitable types of information processing apparatuses also may be employed.
  • a computing device (6) such as, for example a data processing unit, server, a PC, laptop or other remote personal computer, although in other embodiments other suitable types of information processing apparatuses also may be employed.
  • the computing device (6) preferably comprises a controller (7), and an associated data storage device (8), an output-user interface, such as a display (9), a user-input interface (10), and an electronic interface (6'), all of which are electronically coupled to the controller (7).
  • the controller (7) controls the overall operation of the computing device (6), and includes, for example, one or more microprocessors and/or logic arrays for performing arithmetic and/or logical operations required for program execution.
  • the electronic interface (6') is employed by the controller (7) for communicating bidirectionally with other, external components of the network.
  • the data storage device (8) represents one or more associated memories (e.g., disk drives, read-only memories, and/or random access memories), and stores temporary data and instructions, as well as various routines and operating programs that are used by the controller (7) for controlling the overall operation of the computer device (6).
  • at least one of the programs stored in the device (8) includes instructions for performing a method in accordance with this invention, to be described below.
  • the data storage device (8) preferably also can store various other information obtained during performance of the method of the invention to be described below.
  • the user-input interface (10) may include, for example, a keyboard, mouse, a trackball, touch screen, and/or any other suitable type of user-operable input device(s), and the output-user interface may include, for example, a video display, a liquid crystal or other flat panel display, a speaker, a printer, and/or any other suitable type of output device for enabling a user to perceive outputted information, although for convenience, only the display (9) is shown in Figure la.
  • the sensing stations (5) are networked in a system via data transfer channels (not shown). The sensing stations (5) preferably are disposed at predetermined points in the network, as mentioned above.
  • Each sensing station (5) is responsive to detecting a predetermined parameter being measured by outputting a corresponding output signal, representing the detected level of the predetermined parameter.
  • the signal is forwarded to the computing device (6) via dedicated communication paths such as communication channels, high-frequency communication lines, or other suitable communications paths.
  • the communication paths may include, for example, telephone, cable, or wireless technologies, and may communicate through a network such as the Internet (not shown) and/or some other communication network, local or otherwise.
  • the number and variety of computing devices (6) that may be employed can vary widely, as can the number of sensing stations (5) and components (1), (2) and (4) that are employed, depending upon applicable operating criteria. It should be noted that the sensing stations (5) can be included elsewhere in the system than the locations shown in the Fig.
  • the switching elements (4) and also that the elements (1) and (2) may represent any other node within a distribution system besides a power source and power station.
  • the teaching of this invention may be employed in conjunction with any suitable type of computing device or information processing apparatus that is capable of receiving information from other components of a distribution network, such as, by example only, sensing stations within the distribution network.
  • the first sensing station (5') (also referred to as a control station) includes a sensor (51) and an indirect measurement module (52), and the second sensing station (4') includes a sensor (61) and an approximate measurement module (62).
  • the components (52) and (62) may each represent a separate physical component that undesirably introduces some error quantity into the measurements made by the sensors (51) and (61), respectively.
  • the modules (52) and (62) may be A/D converters that introduce an error quantity into the measurements, wherein the error quantity depends on a characteristic error inherent in the respective modules (52) and (62).
  • the modules (52) and (62) may be voltage- frequency converters with a counter, although it should be noted that the modules (52) and (62) are not limited only to A/D or voltage-frequency converting devices.
  • the relative error rate (i.e., characteristic error) inherent in the indirect measurement module (52) is less than that of the approximate measurement module (62).
  • the computing device (6) can deliberately select to monitor those stations for the purpose of performing a method of the invention to be described below, for increasing the accuracy of station (4') measurements and network measurements in general, based on the more accurate station (5') measurements.
  • the selection can be based on predetermined criteria for evaluating the network, may depend on load requirements at particular times, or the like, and may occur periodically or as deemed necessary. Such criteria also can determine the precise locations of the sensing stations that are to be evaluated as the first and second sensing stations.
  • the parameters measured by the selected sensing stations (5') and (4') are provided to the computing device (6) wherein they are stored in the data storage device (8).
  • the sensing stations (5) generally measure the predetermined parameters automatically at predetermined time intervals.
  • the different sensing stations (5) may output signals over a same (or different) time period, and the computing device (6) is able to recognize that those signals originate from particular ones of the sensing stations as opposed to from other sensing stations.
  • at least some of the sensing stations transmit output signals at different time intervals.
  • the interval between measurements taken by one of the sensing stations (5) preferably is greater than the interval between measurements taken by another sensing station (5), such as the second sensing station (4'), as known to the computing device (6).
  • An array of the results is produced that includes the measured parameters, and the time of each measurement, for example, the current time at the end or the beginning of the measurement process.
  • at least one system for example a telemetry system (not shown) in communication with the computing device (6), determines the status of the preset switching elements (4) of the power grid, and transmits "status" data to the computing device (6) which then creates an array representing the status of each switching element (4) and the time at which the status of the switching element (4) was taken and/or the time when the status changed (for example, the time when switching began or ended).
  • the telemetry system which may be electrically connected to the sensing stations (5), determines the "open” or “closed” status of the switching elements (4).
  • the telemetry system makes the "status” determination using any suitable, known technique.
  • the telemetry system may operate according to the technique(s) described in the article entitled “Telemetry” by Albert Lozano-Nieto (CRC Press LLC, copyright 2000 http://www.engnetbase.com), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, as if fully set forth herein.
  • At least one selected sensing station (5) is assigned a conversion function (also referred to as a transformation function) that determines whether the measurement made thereby is consistent with the "true" value of the parameter, as determined by a set of coefficients corresponding to that function.
  • the conversion function may be given in the form of an exponential or trigonometric series or other series in which the coefficients of the series must be collated in order to determine their precise relationship.
  • the function may be given as a piecewise linear approximation or as a function whose values are expressed in tabular form. In the latter case, the coefficients of the function will be the possible values of an argument and function values corresponding to them.
  • the calibration function may be connected with an input resistance connected to the network.
  • the network is based on a particular configuration of the power grid determined by the connected ("closed") switching elements.
  • the coefficients of the function are collated (calculated) by the computing device (6) deterrrrining, for each measurement by a sensing station (5) (e.g., sensing station (4')), at least one "control" value corresponding to the measurement of the corresponding parameter according to the network parameters, as measured by a different sensing station (5) (e.g., sensing station (5')) and in accordance with the network determined by the status of the switching elements at the time of the measurement.
  • the current in a specific transmission line can also be determined in an indirect way by a process of computing and determining the current in all of the other transmission lines that are switchably connected to a predetermined one of the nodes in the grid to which the transmission line to be measured is connected.
  • the current in the transmission line typically is not simply the sum of the currents in the power grid, because the determined value may be adjusted, if deemed necessary, to account for possible errors inherent in the sensing stations, depending on how accurately these errors can be detected. Calcnlating or measuring the fall in voltage in the line under the known full resistance of the line can also determine the current.
  • coefficients of the dependency function are determined for a given sensing station based on the measurements by the sensing station (5) and the control values measured by a different sensing station, such that if the true value of a measured parameter corresponds substantially to the control value of that parameter, then the corresponding measured value of that parameter substantially corresponds to the true value.
  • the resulting true value of the parameter is used as the value of the network parameter as determined at the location of the corresponding sensing station (5).
  • true value is used herein to indicate the value (quantity) of a parameter as determined with the maximum possible accuracy (i.e., a substantial, approximation of the actual quantity), because in practice the actual true value cannot be determined with absolute precision.
  • the phrase "true value” is used herein. This is due not only to limitations in the precision of determining error, but also to the limitations in the precision in representations of the measurement, determined, for example, with the maximum quantity of significant digits in the numbers that can be processed by a computer system, such as device (6).
  • the terms "true value” and “substantial approximation of the true (or actual) value” are used interchangeably herein.
  • the measurement by a single sensing station (5) can be used when a network parameter must be determined by at least one sensing station (5).
  • the parameters of a sensing station (5) can be used as the network parameter.
  • a method according to a preferred embodiment of this invention will now be described in detail, with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. The method operates in accordance with instructions of a program stored in the data storage device (8), and the controller (7), among other components, operates in accordance therewith.
  • detections made in the above-described manner by at least two different sensing stations (5), such as the first sensing station (5') and the second sensing station (4') are processed at block 22.
  • the modules (52) and (62) which may include, for example, analog-to-digital converters, can introduce an undesired error into the sensor (51) and (61) outputs, depending on the characteristic error inherent in the modules (52) and (62).
  • Uncompensated parameter measurement signals outputted by the sensing stations (4') and (5') are provided to computing device (6).
  • the controller (7) responds to receiving the initial signals by, for example, identifying the first and second sensing stations from which the received signals originated (by recognizing, for example, a predetermined unique identification code included in the signals), and also recognizing the types and number of the sensing stations and the type of parameter(s) detected thereby.
  • identification and recognition functions may be performed in accordance with any suitable, known identification and recognition technique(s), and will not be described in further detail herein.
  • a high-precision error compensation procedure then is performed.
  • the procedure which, for example, may be initiated either automatically, or at predetermined time intervals, or in response to a user entering a predetermined command into the computing device (6), first values Yi representative of the uncompensated parameter measurement signals outputted by the first sensing station (5') (over the predetermined time period) and provided to the computing device (6), are stored in data storage device (8) in a first array of such values (block 24).
  • Second values Y 2 representative of the uncompensated parameter measurement signals outputted from the second sensing station (4') (over the predetermined time period) also are provided to the computing device (6) and stored in the data storage device (8), but in a second array that includes such values, at the block 24.
  • the computing device (6) performs a number of procedures.
  • an .uithmetic mean of the measurement results is determined.
  • the array of first values Yi and the array of second values Y 2 are each subdivided into a first subset and a second subset thereof, wherein, the each subset includes a predetermined number (e.g., five) of the respective first or second values.
  • the second values of the first subset of second values are summed in the equation (F2 ⁇ ) and the second values of the second subset of second values are summed in equation (F2 2 ), and each sum is divided by nil:
  • n the number of second values
  • y a second value (originating from module (62))
  • Yj 2 an average of the first subset of second values
  • Y 2 represents an average of the second subset of second values
  • a ratio ko represents a first general approximation of a multiply-systematic effect in the error in the indirect measurement module as a proportion (ko -1), and essentially is a difference between the averages of the second and first subsets of second values to a difference between the averages of the second and first subsets of first values.
  • the ratio & 0 is determined using the following equation (F5) (preferably the middle portion is employed in the calculation), based on the averages determined above.
  • a linear operator J 7 representing the second sensing station (4') can be represented in matrix form (F6) below, and, based thereon, another form of the above formula (F5) can be obtained, as represented by formula (F7) below.
  • a "perturbed" form of formula (F7) can be represented as shown in the following expression (10).
  • ⁇ i represents one possible value of the approximation of the multiply-systematic effect in the error in the module (52) as a proportion (k ⁇ -1); and k represents another possible value of the approximation of the multiply-systematic effect in the error in the module (52) as a proportion (k ⁇ -1).
  • a multi- valued function (F15), defining the equation of a straight line (disposed at an angle), can be represented by: [0060]
  • control passes to block 28 where data obtained based on at least 5 some of the foregoing formulas is stored in the data storage device (8). Thereafter, control passes through connector A to block 30 of FIG. 3B.
  • a determination is made as to whether or k should be selected as being closest to k 0 , using a target function formed using min-max criteria. For example, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this procedure first includes assignment of the required type of function, using l o expression (F 18) :
  • x t represents ideally the "true" value of the measurement (i.e., a substantial 15 approximation thereof);
  • ⁇ j is a transformation function representing the first sensing station (5');
  • y ⁇ represents measurement values taken by the first sensing station (5') and stored in device (8);
  • ao is a value representing a common (systematic) effect expressed as an additive 20 correction.
  • value ⁇ 0 is near zero, and is less than the multiplicative systematic error.
  • a constraint zone is formed based on the following formula (F19):
  • yf represents a first value, influenced by kj and t 2 (through formulas (F14) and (F15)) (i.e., a signal from module (52) and stored in device (8)); yf represents the second value (i.e., a signal from the module (62) and stored in device (8)); and ⁇ ; - represents a predetermined error constraint value defining the limit of acceptable 30 yf values.
  • the predetermined error constraint value preferably is substantially equal to a predetermined characteristic error inherent in the first sensing station, although in other embodiments other values may be employed instead, such as, for example, a characteristic error inherent in the second sensing station.
  • the formula (F20) employs only those values that are determined to satisfy the formula (F19), and determines essentially a difference between (ko - kj) and (ko - ). The lesser difference is then selected, as is the corresponding value k or .
  • the resulting calculated value x t is stored in the data storage device (8) and may be provided to a predetermined external destination, such as an information processing/exchange apparatus, server, or the like, either directly or through a communication network (not shown) (block 34).
  • the computing device (6) uses the result from formula (F18) and a second value yf (originating from the second sensing station (4')) in performing formula (F21) below, to calculate a corresponding error ⁇ / * , that includes both random and systematic components:
  • second value(s) y t originating from the second sensing station (4')
  • first value(s) originating from the first sensing station (5')
  • second values may be ones received in real time, or, in another embodiment, they may be previously received and/or stored second values, depending on predetermined operating criteria.
  • values from the first sensing station (5') may be used in formula (F21) instead, depending on the application of interest.
  • the systematic component also referred to as a systematic effect
  • a syst trend(A x ) ⁇
  • a syst represents the systematic component (also referred to as the systematic effect) of the second sensing station (4') (particularly module (62)), in the exemplary embodiment described herein; and trend(A x ) represents a trend function.
  • the computing device (6) generates corresponding compensated signals that are substantially close in value (or at least closer than the corresponding value outputted from the second sensing station (4')) to the actual or "true" value of the corresponding parameter (phenomenon) subjected to measurement by the second sensing station (4') (block 42).
  • Information outputted from the computing device (6) represents the compensated signal(s) (as well as a reference magnitude of the measured parameter) and is displayed on display (9), which responds to receiving the information by presenting it to the user (block 44). That same information also can be forwarded to the predetermined external destination and/or the network management control system through the interface (6'). In the foregoing manner, the measurements originating from the second sensing station (4') are corrected to improve their accuracy.
  • an aspect of the invention is the ability to correct errors not only in ongoing measurements, but also in earlier measurements, to ensure necessary precision of the earlier measurements, and for use in future calculations.
  • the output of the computing device (6) allows a user and/or the network management control system to monitor the network parameters, and make necessary adjustments such as effecting appropriate switching control in the network, etc.
  • the information obtained from the computing device (6) by virtue of the above method can be used in conjunction with obtained switching element status information and network architecture information, to close or open selected ones of the switching elements (4) to selectively connect or disconnect a load and/or power station to/from the network, to isolate faults identified based on the information, to redistribute loads within the network to accommodate for daily load requirement variations, and the like.
  • the decision of whether to connect or disconnect a power source or load may not require the adjustment of previous measurements, although they may be so adjusted if deemed necessary.
  • adjustments to previous measurements can have a significant effect on the result and thus significantly change the amount of payments by energy consumers, for example.
  • the adjustments may be for, by example, every hour, per week or month, or per another time period.
  • the coefficients that determine the conversion function of the other sensing stations are adjusted by recalculating the previous measurements for those sensing stations.
  • the computing device (6) in the above-described manner, more accurate assessments can be obtained of the network's load consumption and associated expenses over predetermined time periods. Even if original load consumption and expense determinations have already been made without the benefit of employing the above method of this invention, the sensing station outputs (data) that were used to make such original determinations can be recorded for subsequent insertion into the above formulas (Fig.
  • Such recalculating can be performed based on the relationship between the parameters detected by those sensors and/or the network configuration. As but one example, the recalculating can be performed according to formula (F23) above. Also, the result obtained from formula (F23) can be used to adjust measurements taken by other sensors based on the result of the formula obtained for one sensor. [0074] To increase the stability and reliability of the system, at least one sensing station (5), such as for example station (4'), has a limit on the extent to which the measurement of a parameter may deviate from the control value of the parameter of another station (e.g., station (5')).
  • station (4') has a limit on the extent to which the measurement of a parameter may deviate from the control value of the parameter of another station (e.g., station (5')).
  • an error signal indicating the deviation by the sensing station (5) is generated in the computing device (6) as a result of it recognizing the situation.
  • the deviation may be a result of, for example, a break in connections of the sensing station (5) measuring circuit or some other disruption or fault in the operation of the sensing station (5), and the error signal can be presented through the user-output interface and/or forwarded to another destination by device (6).
  • the measured parameters of the sensing station (5) in error are not counted or employed in the determination of the functional dependency in the above formulas.
  • the defective sensing station (5) can be isolated (by, e.g., ignoring its outputs, effecting appropriate switching, or the like, upon recognition of the error signal), and can be fixed or replaced in time, and a determination of the modes of operation of that sensing station (5) maintains the operability and stability of the network.
  • errors in the operation of the overall grid system can be detected and a user and/or the network management control system alerted. Examples of such errors include, without limitation, an excessive increase in the diversion of the capacity for the system's own needs or an unauthorized connection of a consumer/power station.
  • At least one sensing station (5) is given a limit on the extent to which the control values of a parameter may deviate from each other. If the control values of the parameter exceed the deviation limit, a signal indicates an error in the operation of the grid system. Appropriate network control can then be effected to isolate related equipment. [0076]
  • the function of this embodiment also ensures that a predetermined disparity among linked sensing stations can be detected by comparing in device (6) the measurements of at least two linked sensing stations (5). If the predetermined disparity in the measurements of these sensing stations (5) exceeds a predetermined value for linked sensing stations, a signal is provided as above, indicating the disparity and its magnitude.
  • additional procedures/calculations also may be performed in the computing device (6) to standardize the value(s) from the first and second sensing stations to ensure that they are processed in a same workable format that depends on the application of interest. For example, in a case where it is expected that a voltage detected by the first sensing station differs by a predetermined factor from a voltage detected by the second sensing station because of the sensing stations' given locations within the distribution network, voltage values obtained from one or both sensing stations can be weighted as deemed necessary to account for the factor, and the output value from the computing device (6) can be modified to account for any such weighting.
  • the calculations preferably also account for this difference as well by converting values derived from a predetermined one of the sensing stations from one format (i.e., current) to another selected format (e.g., voltage), based on the predetermined relationship through which the parameter types are related, so that values of the same type are obtained for each first and second sensing station for use in the formulas.
  • These calculations may me performed in accordance with any suitable known techniques, and may account for the network configuration etc.
  • computing device (6) processes a next subset of values received from the first sensing station (5'), depending on the embodiment employed).
  • the signals that are subjected to compensation in Fig. 3 are the same signals for which the error is determined.
  • the signals that are subjected to compensation may be ones that are received at computing device (6) after the error is determined based on earlier received and stored signals (i.e., based on values stored in storage device (8)), or based on, for example, the eigenvalues and/or values k o , k 1? and k 2 calculated based on earlier measurements.
  • values calculated by formulas (F18), (F21), (F22), and/or (F23) are outputted from the controller (7) to the predetermined destination external to the device (6), through the interface (6').
  • Such outputting may be performed upon each value or selected group of values being calculated, or at some time later after the value(s) have been stored in storage device (8), and may occur either automatically or in response to a predetermined event occurring, such as a predetermined time being reached or a predetermined command being inputted through the input-user interface (10).
  • those values may be outpxitted from device (6') either together with, or separately from, the conesponding first and second values that originally were received from the sensing stations (5') and (4') and used to generate the values from the mentioned formulas.
  • the controller (7) preferably excludes clearly erroneous values (e.g., values falling outside a predetermined range) of parameters from those already saved, and the storage device (8) stores information identifying values of parameters determined to be erroneous.
  • the controller (7) produces an alarm signal when one of the parameters exceeds predetermined, or permissible, limits.
  • the alarm signal may be outputted to the output-user interface and/or provided to the predetermined external destination through the interface (6').
  • Formula (F19) is but one example of a manner for deterinining such erroneous values.
  • the controller (7) determines whether there is a predetermined disparity between the output signals of the sensing stations (5') and (4'), and if there is a predetermined disparity (unbalance), the procedure depicted in Fig. 3 is then performed based on those signals.
  • the controller (7) also can generate a signal indicating the size of the disparity, if any, to the display (9) and/or through the interface (6') to a predetermined external destination, although this step can be performed without the further implementation of the method of Fig. 3.
  • the computing device (6) is able to further increase the precision of measurements due to the fact that the controller (7) can determine the limits of permissible values of input parameters and delete from the storage area (8) the values of input parameters that, after comparison to a predetermined permissible range of values, are determined to exceed limits of the range.
  • the controller (7) can determine the limits of permissible values of input parameters and delete from the storage area (8) the values of input parameters that, after comparison to a predetermined permissible range of values, are determined to exceed limits of the range.
  • the present invention can measure, in aggregate or separately, a system's active, reactive or full capacity, losses in insulation, consumption of power for the system's own needs (auxiliary power consumption), the currents and voltages in the system, the full, active, or reactive resistances in the circuits, as well as other parameters.
  • auxiliary power consumption the currents and voltages in the system
  • the full, active, or reactive resistances in the circuits as well as other parameters.
  • the present invention allows the determination of bandwidth and attenuation coefficients of separate communication channels, making it possible not only to control individual branches of the circuit, but also to decide whether to connect reserve communication channels and to make preventive repairs.
  • the present invention allows the determination of the status and the measurement of the volumes of network traffic in telephone and data transfer systems.
  • the sensing stations detect a corresponding bandwith or communication traffic level being monitored, and the method proceeds in a similar manner as described above using that detected information (e.g., Fig. 3).
  • the present invention allows for the determination of force, moments, and transmitted capacity, heat energy, fluid flow, and the like (i.e., the sensing stations detect those types of parameters, and the method proceeds in a similar manner as described above (e.g., Fig. 3)).
  • the reliability of the automatic transmission and anti-locking systems can be increased.
  • the present invention can also be used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems with characteristics similar to those of electrical networks (i.e., the sensing stations detect predetermined hydraulic or pneumatic parameters in such systems, and the method proceeds in a similar manner as described above (e.g., Fig. 3)).
  • a principal advantage of the described invention is that, during its use, it does not require the use of references to make reference measurements, because the functional dependencies, assuming precise determination of the corresponding coefficients, allow the determination of a substantial approximation of the true or actual values of parameters subjected to measurement, with any required level of precision.
  • Knowing the parameters of a system that are obtained using this method makes it possible to manage the efficiency of a system purposefully and consistently, using known methods and means (regulation, management of modes, etc.) to reduce losses of energy in the systems and increasing the operational reliability and efficiency of systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Technology Law (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé qui permet de traiter des mesures dans un réseau de distribution comprenant une pluralité de noeuds interconnectés. Le procédé de l'invention consiste à détecter des paramètres de réseau prédéterminés à des stations de détection respectives disposées en des points prédéterminés du réseau de distribution, et à produire des signaux de sortie non compensés correspondants en réponse à la détection, chaque signal de sortie non compensé représentant une mesure d'un paramètre de réseau correspondant. Dans une autre étape du procédé, on effectue une approximation sensible d'une valeur actuelle d'au moins un paramètre de réseau que l'on est en train de mesurer, sur la base des signaux de sortie non compensés et d'une relation qui définit une valeur actuelle hypothétique du paramètre de réseau précité comme une fonction d'une fonction de transfert prédéterminée représentant au moins l'une des stations de détection.
PCT/EP2004/014700 2003-12-29 2004-12-23 Appareil, systeme, procede et programme permettant de determiner les parametres d'un reseau distribue WO2005064279A1 (fr)

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RU2003137665/28A RU2003137665A (ru) 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Способ определения параметров распределенной сети
RU2003137665 2003-12-29

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EP1841037A2 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-03 General Electric Company Système, procédé et élément de fabrication pour déterminer les valeurs des paramètres associés à une grille électrique
US20130184889A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 General Electric Company Systems and methods for coordinating electrical network optimization

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CN112016470B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2024-02-09 国网福建省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 基于声音信号和振动信号的有载分接开关故障识别方法

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US3593124A (en) * 1967-06-01 1971-07-13 Compteurs Comp D Method and device for detecting and localizing phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults which occur in a section of a polyphase alternating current line
US3781665A (en) * 1970-07-08 1973-12-25 Electricity Council Cable fault location indicator
US5220311A (en) * 1991-02-19 1993-06-15 Schweitzer Edmund O Jun Direction indicating fault indicators
US5206595A (en) * 1991-09-10 1993-04-27 Electric Power Research Institute Advanced cable fault location
US5352983A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-10-04 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Method and apparatus for detecting flashover between conductors in power transmission lines of different voltage levels suspended in parallel from the same towers
US5777468A (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-07-07 Texas Instruments Incorporated Variable differential transformer system and method providing improved temperature stability and sensor fault detection apparatus
DE19715590A1 (de) * 1997-04-15 1998-11-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Sensormodul
DE19747510A1 (de) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 Sican F & E Gmbh Sibet Meßsystem und Verfahren zur Auswertung von Sensorsignalen

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EP1841037A2 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-03 General Electric Company Système, procédé et élément de fabrication pour déterminer les valeurs des paramètres associés à une grille électrique
EP1841037A3 (fr) * 2006-03-29 2012-03-07 General Electric Company Système, procédé et élément de fabrication pour déterminer les valeurs des paramètres associés à une grille électrique
US20130184889A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 General Electric Company Systems and methods for coordinating electrical network optimization
US9853448B2 (en) * 2012-01-17 2017-12-26 General Electric Company Systems and methods for coordinating electrical network optimization

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