WO2005061688A1 - Utilisation de composes a complexe metallique en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation - Google Patents

Utilisation de composes a complexe metallique en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005061688A1
WO2005061688A1 PCT/GB2004/005297 GB2004005297W WO2005061688A1 WO 2005061688 A1 WO2005061688 A1 WO 2005061688A1 GB 2004005297 W GB2004005297 W GB 2004005297W WO 2005061688 A1 WO2005061688 A1 WO 2005061688A1
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Prior art keywords
substituted
alkyl
unsubstituted
formulation according
hydrogen
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PCT/GB2004/005297
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English (en)
Inventor
Laurence Geret
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Reckitt Benckiser N.V.
Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited
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Priority to BRPI0417462-3A priority Critical patent/BRPI0417462A/pt
Priority to CA002548373A priority patent/CA2548373A1/fr
Priority to AU2004303582A priority patent/AU2004303582A1/en
Priority to EP04806108A priority patent/EP1694807A1/fr
Publication of WO2005061688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005061688A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3932—Inorganic compounds or complexes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of metal complex compounds which have terpyridine ligands and contain at least one quaternized nitrogen atom as oxidation catalysts in dishwasher detergent formulations.
  • Peroxide-containing bleaching agents have been used in washing and cleaning processes for some time. Such agents are particularly useful in dishwasher applications to aid the removal of foodstuff residues and stains produced on crockery and other kitchenware in cooking processes. Their action is particularly important on coloured stains such as those produced by tomato based foodstuffs and tea.
  • Peroxide containing bleaching agents have been found to perform well at a liquor temperature of 90°C and above, but their performance noticeably decreases with lower temperatures. Thus when crockery and other kitchenware is washed in a dishwasher at lower temperatures, there can be a problem of incomplete stain removal. This is unpleasant from an aesthetic point of view and also can present detrimental hygiene issues.
  • the aim of the present invention was, therefore, to provide improved metal complex catalysts for oxidation processes which fulfil the above demands and, especially, improve the action of peroxide compounds in a dishwashing environment without giving rise to any appreciable damage of items being cleaned or the dishwasher itself.
  • the invention accordingly relates to an automatic dishwasher detergent formulation of metal complex compounds of formula (1) comprising
  • Me manganese, titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel or copper
  • X is a coordinating or bridging radical
  • n and m are each independently of the other an integer having a value of from 1 to 8
  • p is an integer having a value of from 0 to 32
  • z is the charge of the metal complex
  • Y is a counter-ion
  • q z/(charge Y)
  • L is a ligand of formula (2)
  • R ⁇ R-2, ⁇ 3 ⁇ f*4» s' ⁇ 6> ⁇ 7.
  • Re, g, R 10 and Rn are each independently of the others hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted C C 18 alkyl or aryl; cyano; halogen; nitro; -COOR 12 or -SO 3 R 12 wherein R 12 is in each case hydrogen, a cation or unsubstituted or substituted CrC ⁇ 8 alkyl or aryl; -SR ⁇ 3) -SO2R13 or -OR 13 wherein R 13 is in each case hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C ⁇ -C 18 alkyl or aryl; -NR 1 R ⁇ 5 ; -(CrC 6 alkylene)-NR ⁇ 4 R 15 ; -N[(CrC 6 alkylene)-N ⁇ R 14 R 15 R 16 ] 2 ; -N(R 13 )-N-R 1 R ⁇ 5 or -N(R 13
  • the C C 18 alkyl radicals mentioned are generally, for example, straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl or straight-chain or branched pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl.
  • the mentioned alkyl radicals can be unsubstituted or substituted e.g.
  • aryl radicals that generally come into consideration are phenyl or naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by d-C 4 alkyl, CrC 4 alkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, carboxyl, sulfo, hydroxyl, amino, N-mono- or N,N-di-CrC 4 alkyiamino unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, N-phenylamino, N-naphthylamino, where the amino groups may be quaternized, phenyl, phenoxy or by naphthoxy.
  • Preferred substituents are C C alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, phenyl and hydroxy. Special preference is given to the corresponding phenyl radicals.
  • the C ⁇ -C 6 alkylene groups mentioned are generally, for example, straight-chain or branched alkylene radicals such as methylene, ethylene, n-propylene or n-butylene.
  • the alkylene radicals mentioned can be unsubstituted or substituted, for example by hydroxyl or C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy.
  • Halogen is generally preferably chlorine, bromine or fluorine, special preference being given to chlorine.
  • alkali metal cations such as lithium, potassium and especially sodium
  • alkaline earth metal cations such as magnesium and calcium
  • ammonium cations are preferred.
  • Suitable metal ions for Me are e.g. manganese in oxidation states ll-V, titanium in oxidation states III and IV, iron in oxidation states I to IV, cobalt in oxidation states I to III, nickel in oxidation states I to III and copper in oxidation states I to III, with special preference being given to manganese, especially manganese in oxidation states II to IV, preferably in oxidation state II.
  • manganese in oxidation states II to IV preferably in oxidation state II.
  • radical X there come into consideration, for example, CH 3 CN, H 2 O, F “ , CI “ , Br, HOO “ , O 2 2 “, O 2” , R 17 COO “ , R ⁇ 7 O “ , LMeO " and LMeOO " , wherein R 17 is hydrogen, -SO 3 C C 4 alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C C ⁇ 8 alkyl or aryl, and C,-C ⁇ 8 alkyl, aryl, L and Me have the definitions and preferred meanings given hereinabove and hereinbelow.
  • R 17 is especially preferably hydrogen, C C 4 alkyl; sulfophenyl or phenyl, especially hydrogen.
  • counter-ion Y there come into consideration, for example, R COO “ , CIO “ , BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 “ , R 17 SO 3 “ , R-i 7 SO “ , SO 2" , NO 3 " , F “ , CI “ , Br “ and I “ , wherein R 17 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted CrC ⁇ 8 alkyl or aryl.
  • R17 as C f -C 18 alkyl or aryl has the definitions and preferred meanings given hereinabove and hereinbelow.
  • R 17 is especially preferably hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl; phenyl or sulfophenyl, especially hydrogen or 4-sulfophenyl.
  • the charge of the counter-ion Y is accordingly preferably 1- or 2-, especially 1-.
  • Y can also be a customary organic counter-ion, such as citrate, oxalate or tartrate.
  • n is preferably an integer having a value of from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 and especially 1.
  • n is preferably an integer having a value of 1 or 2, especially 1.
  • p is preferably an integer having a value of from 0 to 4, especially 2.
  • z is preferably an integer having a value of from 8- to 8+, especially from 4- to 4+ and especially preferably from 0 to 4+. z is more especially preferably the number 0.
  • q is preferably an integer from 0 to 8, especially from 0 to 4 and is especially preferably the number 0.
  • R 12 is preferably hydrogen, a cation, C C ⁇ 2 alkyl, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted as indicated above.
  • R ⁇ 2 is especially preferably hydrogen, an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal cation or ammonium cation, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or phenyl, more especially hydrogen or an alkali metal cation, alkaline earth metal cation or ammonium cation.
  • R 13 is preferably hydrogen, CrC 12 alkyl, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted as indicated above.
  • R 13 is especially preferably hydrogen, C-i-C 4 alkyl or phenyl, more especially hydrogen or CrG t alkyl, preferably hydrogen.
  • Examples of the radical of the formula -OR 13 that may be mentioned include hydroxyl and Ci-C 4 alkoxy, such as methoxy and especially ethoxy.
  • R 4 and R ⁇ 5 together with the nitrogen atom bonding them form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring it is preferably an unsubstituted or C ⁇ -C alkyl-substituted pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine or azepane ring, where the amino groups can optionally be quaternized, preferably the nitrogen atoms which are not directly bonded to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C being quaternized.
  • the piperazine ring can be substituted by one or two unsubstituted C C 4 alkyl and/or substituted d-C alkyl e.g. at the nitrogen atom not bonded to the phenyl radical.
  • R ⁇ 4l R 15 and R ⁇ 6 are preferably hydrogen, unsubstituted or hydroxyl-substituted CrC 12 alkyl, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted as indicated above. Special preference is given to hydrogen, unsubstituted or hydroxyl- substituted C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or phenyl, especially hydrogen or unsubstituted or hydroxyl-substituted C ⁇ -C aikyl, preferably hydrogen.
  • Re is preferably C C ⁇ 2 alkyl; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 alkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, carboxyl, sulfo, hydroxyl, amino, N-mono- or N,N-di-C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, N-phenylamino, N-naphthylamino, phenyl, phenoxy or by naphthoxy; cyano; halogen; nitro; -COOR 12 or -SO 3 R 12 wherein R 12 is in each case hydrogen, a cation, C C 12 alkyl, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted as indicated above; -SR13, -SO 2 R 13 or -OR 13 wherein R 13 is in each case hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 12 alkyl, or phenyl unsubstitute
  • R 6 is especially preferably phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by C C 4 alkyI, C C 4 alkoxy, halogen, phenyl or by hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; -COOR ⁇ 2 or -SO 3 R ⁇ 2 wherein R 12 is in each case hydrogen, a cation, d-C 4 alkyl or phenyl; -SR ⁇ 3 , -SO 2 R 13 or -OR 13 wherein R ⁇ 3 is in each case hydrogen, C C alkyl or phenyl; -N(CH 3 )-NH 2 or -NH-NH 2 ; amino; N-mono- or N.N-di-Crdalkylamino unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, wherein the nitrogen atoms, especially the nitrogen atoms not bonded to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C, may be quaternized; N-mono- or N,N-di-
  • Re is very especially preferably C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy; hydroxy; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, phenyl or hydroxy; hydrazine; amino; N-mono- or N,N-di-C ⁇ -C 4 alkylamino unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, wherein the nitrogen atoms, especially the nitrogen atoms which are not bonded to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C, may be quaternized; or a pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or azepane ring unsubstituted or substituted by one or two unsubstituted C C 4 alkyl and/or substituted C C 4 alkyl, wherein the nitrogen atom can be quaternized.
  • a likewise very especially preferred radical R 6 is
  • R 6 are C C 4 alkoxy; hydroxy; hydrazine; amino; N-mono- or N,N-di-C.
  • a further especially important example of R 6 is the radical
  • R 6 are C C 4 alkoxy; hydroxy; N-mono- or N,N-di-C ⁇ -C alkylamino substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, wherein the nitrogen atoms, especially the nitrogen atoms which are not bonded to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C, may be quaternized; or a pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or azepane ring unsubstituted or substituted by at least one C ⁇ C alkyl, wherein the amino groups may be quaternized.
  • R 6 is the radical
  • Hydroxyl is of particular interest here.
  • R 6 The preferred meanings given above for R 6 apply also to R 1( R 2 , Rs, R 4 , R 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9) Rio and Rn, but these radicals may additionally be hydrogen.
  • R ⁇ R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7) R 8) R 9 , R 10 and Rn are hydrogen and Re is a radical other than hydrogen having the definition and preferred meanings indicated above.
  • R ⁇ R 2) R , R 5 , R 7 , Re, R 10 and R 11 are hydrogen and R 3 , Re and R g are radicals other than hydrogen having the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for Re.
  • At least one of the substituents R ⁇ -Rn is one of the following radicals -(CrC6alkylene)-N ® R 14 R 15 Ri6; -N(R 13 )-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkylene)-N ® R 1 R 15 R 16 ; -N[(C 1 -C 6 alkylene)-N ⁇ R 14 R 15 Ri6]2; -N(R 13 )-N ® R 14 R 15 Ri6, wherein R 13 is as defined above and R 1 , R 15 and R ⁇ e are preferably independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C C 18 alkyl or aryl, or R 14 and R 15 together with the nitrogen atom bonding them form an substituted or substituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring which may contain further heteroatoms; or -NR 14 R 15 ; -(CrC 6 alkylene)-NR 14 R 15 ;
  • At least one of the substituents Ri-Rn is one of the following radicals -(C C 4 alkylene)-N ® R ⁇ 4 R 15 R 16 ; -N(R 13 )-(C ⁇ -C 4 alkylene)-N ® R 14 R 15 R 16 ; -N[(C C 4 alkyIene)-N ® R 14 R 15 R ⁇ e]2; -N(R ⁇ 3 )-N ® R 14 R 15 R ⁇ e, wherein R 13 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted d-C 1 alkyl or aryl and R u , R 1 5 and R ⁇ 6 are independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted d-d 2 alkyl or aryl, or R 14 and R 15 together with the nitrogen atom bonding them form a 5-, 6- or 7-memered ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one
  • R 1 -R1 1 is one of the following radicals; -(d-C 4 alkylene)-N ® R ⁇ 4 R 15 R ⁇ 6 ; -N(R 13 )-(C ⁇ -C 6 alkylene)-N ® R 14 R 15 R 16 ; -N[(C 1 -C 6 alkylene)-N ⁇ R 4 R 15 R ⁇ 6 ]2; -N(R ⁇ 3 )-N ® R 14 R 15 R ⁇ 6 , wherein R 13 is as defined above and R 14> R 15 and R 16 are independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C ⁇ -C 12 alkyl or aryl, or R 1 and R 15 together with the nitrogen atom bonding them form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring which may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one unsubstituted d-C 4 al
  • unbranched or branched alkylene group may be substituted and wherein the independently unbranched or branched alkyl groups may be substituted.
  • the piperazine ring may also be substituted.
  • At least one of the substituents R 1 -R 11 is a radical
  • Preferred ligands L are those of the formula (3)
  • R 5 3, R'e and R' 9 have the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for R 6
  • ligands L are those of the formula (3)
  • R' 3) R'e and R' 9 have the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for R 6 , where R' 3 and R' 9 may additionally be hydrogen, with the proviso that
  • R' 6 and R' 9 is a radical -(Ci-C 6 alkylene)-N ® R 14 R 1 5Ri6; -N(R 13 )-(C 1 -C6alkyIene)-N ® R 14 R 15 Ri6; -N C ⁇ -C 6 alkylene)-N ⁇ R 14 R 15 Ri6]2; -N(R 13 )-N ® R 14 R 15 Ri6, wherein R 3 is as defined above and R 14 , R 15 and R 16 are independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C C 18 alkyl or aryl, or R 14 and R 15 together with the nitrogen atom bonding them form a substituted or unsubstituted 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring which may contain further heteroatoms; or -NR 14 Ri 5 ; -(C 1 -C 6 alkylene)-NR 14 R 15 ; -N(R 13 )
  • ligands L are those of the formula (3)
  • R' 3 , R'e and R' 9 have the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for Re, where R' 3 and R' 9 may additionally be hydrogen, with the proviso that (i) at least one of the substituents R' 3l R' 6 and R' 9 is one of the radicals
  • Especially preferred ligands L are those of the formula (3)
  • R' 3l R' 6 and R' 9 have the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for Re, where R' 3 and R'g may additionally be hydrogen, with the proviso that (i) at least one of the substituents R' 3 , R' 6 and R' 9 is one of the radicals
  • unbranched or branched alkylene group may be substituted, and wherein the independently unbranched or branched alkyl groups may be substituted and wherein the piperazine ring may be substituted, and that Y is neither I " nor CI " in the case that Me is Mn(ll), R' 3 and R'g are hydrogen and R' 6 is
  • R' 3) R'e and R'g are preferably independently of the others phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by CrC 4 alkyl, C ⁇ -C 4 alkoxy, halogen, phenyl or hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; -COOR 12 or -SO 3 R 12 , wherein R 2 is in each case hydrogen, a cation, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or phenyl; -SR ⁇ 3 , -SO 2 R ⁇ 3 or -OR 13 , wherein R 13 is in each case hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 4 alkyl or phenyl; N(CH 3 )-NH 2 or -NH-NH 2 ; amino; N-mono- or N,N-di-C C alkylamino unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy in the alkyl moiety, wherein the nitrogen atoms, especially the nitrogen atoms which are not bonded directly to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C, may be
  • R ⁇ 5 and R-i 6 have the meanings indicated above and the ring may be substituted.
  • R' 3 and R'g can likewise be hydrogen.
  • the metal complex compounds of the formula (1) can be obtained analogously to known processes. They are obtained in a manner known per se by reacting at least one ligand of the formula (2) in the desired molar ratio with a metal compound, especially a metal salt, such as the chloride, to form the corresponding metal complex.
  • a metal compound especially a metal salt, such as the chloride
  • the reaction is carried out, for example, in a solvent, such as water or a lower alcohol, such as ethanol, at a temperature of, for example, from 10 to 60°C, especially at room temperature.
  • Ligands of the formula (2) that are substituted by hydroxyl can also be formulated as compounds having a pyridone structure in accordance with the following scheme:
  • hydroxyl-substituted terpyridines are also to be understood as including those having a corresponding pyridone structure.
  • the ligands of the formula (2) can be prepared in a manner known per se.
  • a compound of the formula (4) for example, a compound of the formula (4)
  • R' ⁇ -R'n which contains no quaternized nitrogen atoms and in which R' ⁇ -R'n have the definitions and preferred meanings indicated above for the substituents R-i-Rn, with the exception of quaternized nitrogen atoms and the proviso that at least one of the substituents R' ⁇ -R'n contains halogen, NO 2 or OR ⁇ 8 , wherein R-, 8 is -SO 2 CH 3 or tosylate, can be reacted with a corresponding stoichiometric amount of a compound of the formula (5) HNR (5), where R has one of the meanings of Ri-Rn, with the proviso that this contains a quaternizable nitrogen group which is not bonded directly to one of the three pyridine rings A, B or C.
  • the stoichiometric amount of the compound (5) depends on the number of halogens, NO 2 or OR 18 , wherein R 18 is as defined above, present in the compound of the formula (4). Preference is given to compounds of the formula (4) which have 1 , 2 or 3 such radicals.
  • the reaction product of the compound (4) and (5) is quaternized by means of known quaternizing agents, such as, in particular, methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate, so that at least one quaternized nitrogen atom is present.
  • the formulation comprising metal complex compounds of formula (1) exhibits a markedly improved bleach-catalysing action on coloured stains on hard surfaces. Their efficacy is exceptionally evident in the removal of food stains from hard surfaces in automatic dishwashing.
  • a dishwashing agent that comprises a peroxy compound and optionally a further bleach activator (such as, for example, TAED (N.N.N'.N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine)) results in the substantial removal of e.g. tea stains on china. This is the case even when hard water is used, it being known that tea deposits are more difficult to remove in hard water than in soft water.
  • TAED N.N.N'.N'-tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • the use of the metal complex compounds of formula (1 ) for killing bacteria or for protecting against bacterial attack is therefore likewise of interest, especially in the field of automatic dishwashing where it is particularly important that the cleaned items, following a dishwashing operation, should be largely free of bacteria.
  • the formulation comprises up to 15% by weight of the sulphonated polymer, more preferably the formulation comprises from 2-15% by weight, more preferably from 3-8% and most preferably about 5% by weight of the sulphonated polymer.
  • the sulphonated polymer preferably comprises a copolymer.
  • the copolymer comprises the following monomers:
  • the copolymer comprises:
  • the corpolymer comprises.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 6 monocarboxylic acid is preferably (meth)acrylic acid.
  • the unsaturated sulphonic acid monomer is preferably one of the following: 2-acrylamido methyl-1-propanesultonic acid, 2-methacryIamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid, 3- methacrylamido-2-hydroxypropanesulphonic acid, allysulphonic acid, methallysulphonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulphonic acid, methallyloxybenzensulphonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-(2- propenyloxy)propanesulphonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1 -sulphonic acid, styrene sulphonic acid, vinylsulphonic acid, 3-sulphopropyl acrylate, 3-sulphopropyl methacrylate, sulphomethylacrylamid, sulphomethylmethacrylamide, and water soluble salts thereof.
  • the unsaturated sulphonic acid monomer is most preferably 2-acrylamido-2- propanesulphonic acid (AMPS).
  • AMPS 2-acrylamido-2- propanesulphonic acid
  • the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer according to the present invention is from 3,000 to 50,000 and preferably from 4,500 to 35,000.
  • the formulation preferably contains an agent which increases the pH of the dishwasher liquor.
  • the pH is increased to above 8, more preferably to above 9, more preferably to above 10 and most preferably to around / above 10.5.
  • Preferred pH increasing agents include hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate and other common salts. Agents which are used to provide a builder function (see later) may also be used, where suitable / appropriate to increase the pH of the dishwasher liquor.
  • the formulation preferably contains an enzyme.
  • the enzyme is preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, beta.- glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase or mixtures thereof.
  • the enzyme is most preferably a protease.
  • protease has maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, and is sold as ESPERASE (RTM) by Novo Industries A S of Denmark.
  • suitable proteases include ALCALASE(RTM), DURAZYM (RTM) and SAVINASE (RTM) also from Novo Industries and MAXATASE (RTM), MAXACAL (RTM), PROPERASE (RTM) and MAXAPEM (RTM) (protein engineered Maxacal) from Gist-Brocades.
  • Further suitable proteases include PURAFECT (RTM) (available from Genencor); also EVERLASE (RTM) and OVOZYM (RTM) (available from Novozymes); and KEMZYM (RTM) (available from Biozym).
  • Suitable proteolytic enzymes also include modified bacterial serine proteases.
  • Other suitable proteases include subtilisins which are obtained from B. subtilis and B. licheniformis.
  • Preferred proteases include carbonyl hydrolase variants having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which are derived from a precursor carbonyl hydrolase by substituting a different amino acid for a plurality of amino acid residues.
  • the protease enzyme is preferably incorporated in the formulation of the present invention a level of from 0.0001 % to 2% pure enzyme by weight of the formulation.
  • Amylases (alpha and/or beta) can be included in the formulation for removal of carbohydrate- based stains.
  • Other suitable amylases are stability-enhanced amylases.
  • Termamyl (RTM) is an alpha-amylases characterised by having a specific activity at least 25% higher than the specific activity of at a temperature range of 25.degree. C. to 55.degree. C. and at a pH value in the range of 8 to 10, measured by the Phadebas (RTM) alpha-amylase activity assay.
  • amylolytic enzyme is preferably incorporated in the detergent compositions of the present invention a level of from 0.0001% to 2% pure enzyme by weight of the formulation.
  • the above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Origin can further be mesophilic or extremophilic (psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, thermophilic, barophilic, alkalophilic, acidophilic, halophilic, etc.). Purified or non-purified forms of these enzymes may be used. Also included by definition, are mutants of native enzymes. Mutants can be obtained e.g. by protein and/or genetic engineering, chemical and/or physical modifications of native enzymes.
  • the enzyme may be separated from the remainder of the formulation. Separation is of particular consideration with regard to oxygen sources and oxidising agents, such as bleaches, which are known to cause deterioration of enzymes.
  • the separation may be achieved by physical separation of the formulation into at least two components; such as by the use of a twin chamber bottle, a twin layer tablet or a twin compartment pouch; wherein the enzyme is separated from antagonistic components.
  • An alternative means of separation is by encapsulation.
  • the method of encapsulation and the material used for encapsulation may vary dependent on the physical nature of the formulation. For example in a liquid formulation an encapsulation agent such as wax may be used. Whereas in a solid formation a more rigid encapsulation material, such as a saccharide optionally in combination with a pigment such as titanium dioxide, may be used.
  • the dishwashing process is usually carried out by using an aqueous liquor comprising a peroxide and an amount of dishwasher detergent formulation such that from 0.1 to 200 mg of one or more compounds of formula (1) is / are present per litre of liquor.
  • the dishwashing liquor more preferably contains from 1 to 75, more preferably from 3 to 50 and most preferably from 3 to 30 mg of the compound of formula (1 ) per litre of liquor.
  • the metal complex compounds of formula (1) can alternatively be formed in situ, the metal salt (e.g. manganese(ll) salt, such as manganese(ll) chloride) and the ligand being added in the desired molar ratios.
  • the peroxide component there come into consideration, for example, the organic and inorganic peroxides known in the literature and available commercially that provide a bleach function at conventional dishwashing temperatures, for example at from 10 to 95°C.
  • the formulation contains such a peroxide component.
  • the organic peroxides are, for example, mono- or poly-peroxides, especially organic peracids or salts thereof, such as phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, diperoxydodecanedioic acid, diperoxynonanedioic acid, diperoxydecanedioic acid, diperoxyphthalic acid or salts thereof.
  • organic peroxides are used, for example persulfates, perborates, percarbonates and/or persilicates. Percarbonate and perborate are particularly preferred.
  • hydrogen peroxide may be incorporated into the formulation.
  • a stabiliser and / or a thickener may be required to provide, for example, adequate stability (i.e. shelf-life) of the hydrogen peroxide.
  • a stabiliser and / or a thickener may be required to provide, for example, adequate stability (i.e. shelf-life) of the hydrogen peroxide.
  • hydrogen peroxide may be separated from the rest of the formulation in a separate portion. Methods of separation may be similar to those discussed above in connection with enzymes.
  • peroxides may be in a variety of crystalline forms and have different water contents, and they may also be used together with other inorganic or organic compounds in order to improve their storage stability.
  • the formulation may contain a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is present in an amount of up to 30wt% of the formulation and more preferably up to 10wt% of the formulation.
  • Suitable surfactants are selected from anionic, cationic, ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
  • the surfactant is preferably low foaming in character. To achieve this aim the surfactant system for use in dishwashing methods may be suppressed.
  • Nonionic surfactants are preferred for incorporation into the formulation as they are recognised to provide a suds suppression benefit.
  • the alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of an alcohol with from 1 to 80 moles of an alkylene (liner/branched aliphatic / aromatic optionally substituted C 2 to C 20 alkylene) oxide are suitable for this use.
  • the alkyl chain of the alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Suitable surfactants include POLY- TERGENT(R) SLF-18B nonionic surfactants by Olin Corporation.
  • Ethoxylated C 6 -C 18 fatty alcohols and C 6 -C 18 mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols are suitable surfactants for use herein.
  • the ethoxylated fatty alcohols are the C 10 - C ⁇ s ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 50, most preferably these are the C ⁇ 2 -C 8 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation from 3 to 40.
  • the mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols have an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 30 and a degree of propoxylation of from 1 to 10.
  • the condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are suitable for use herein.
  • the hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from 1500 to 1800 and exhibits water insolubility.
  • Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available Pluronic (TM) surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are suitable for use herein.
  • the hydrophobic moiety of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from 2500 to 3000.
  • this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available Tetronic(TM) compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • the formulation comprises a mixed nonionic surfactant system.
  • the formulation may contain a builder / co-builder.
  • the builder and / or co-builder is present in an amount of up to 90wt% of the formulation and more preferably up to 70wt% of the formulation.
  • co-builder it is meant a compound which acts in addition to a builder compound to sequester (chelate) heavy metal ions. These components may also have calcium and magnesium chelation capacity, but preferentially they show selectivity to binding heavy metal ions such as iron, manganese and copper.
  • Co-builders which are typically acidic, having for example phosphonic acid or carboxylic acid functionalities, may be present either in their acid form or as a complex/salt with a suitable counter cation such as an alkali or alkaline metal ion, ammonium, or substituted ammonium ion, or any mixtures thereof.
  • the molar ratio of said counter cation to the co-builder is preferably at least 1:1.
  • Suitable co-builders for use herein include organic phosphonates, such as the amino alkylene poly(alkylene phosphonates), alkali metal ethane 1 -hydroxy disphosphonates and nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates.
  • organic phosphonates such as the amino alkylene poly(alkylene phosphonates), alkali metal ethane 1 -hydroxy disphosphonates and nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates.
  • Preferred among the above species are diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonate), ethylene diamine tri(methylene phosphonate)hexamethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonate) and hydroxy-ethylene 1,1 diphosphonate.
  • Suitable co- builders for use herein include nitrilotriacetic acid and polyaminocarboxylic acids such as ethylenediaminotetracetic acid, ethylenetriamine pentacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid, ethylenediamine diglutaric acid, 2-hydroxypropylenediamine disuccinic acid or any salts thereof.
  • Preferred EDDS compounds are the free acid form and the sodium or magnesium salt or complex thereof.
  • Suitable water-soluble builder compounds include the water soluble carboxylates or their acid forms, homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxylic radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms, carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, phosphates, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • the carboxylate or polycarboxylate builder can be monomeric or oligomeric in type although monomeric polycarboxylates are generally preferred for reasons of cost and performance.
  • Suitable carboxylates containing one carboxy group include the water soluble salts of lactic acid, gtycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof.
  • Suitable polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates and the sulphinyl carboxylates.
  • Suitable polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives, lactoxysucci nates, and aminosuccinates, and the oxypolycarboxylate materials such as 2-oxa-1 ,1 ,3-propane tricarboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates, 1,1,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1,1,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1 , 1 ,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates.
  • Suitable polycarboxylates containing sulphur substituents include the sulphosuccinate derivatives, and the sulphonated pyrolysed citrates.
  • Suitable alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane- cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran- cis.cis.cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5-tetrahydrofuran-cis-dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5-tetrahydrofuran- tetracarboxylates, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexane-hexacarboxylates and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol.
  • Suitable aromatic polycarboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives.
  • the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
  • the parent acids of the monomeric or oligomeric polycarboxylate chelating agents or mixtures thereof with their salts, e.g. citric acid or citrate/citric acid mixtures are also contemplated as useful builder components. Borate builders, as well as builders containing borate-forming materials that can produce borate under detergent storage or wash conditions can also be used.
  • suitable carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates, preferably the sodium and potassium salts, including sodium carbonate and sesqui-carbonate and mixtures thereof with ultra-fine calcium carbonate.
  • Highly preferred builder compounds for use in the present invention are water-soluble phosphate builders.
  • water-soluble phosphate builders are the alkali metal tripolyphosphates, sodium, potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium polymeta/phosphate in which the degree of polymerisation preferably ranges from 6 to 21 , and salts of phytic acid.
  • suitable water-soluble phosphate builders are the alkali metal tripolyphosphates, sodium and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium polymetaphosphate in which the degree of polymerization preferably ranges from 6 to 21, and salts of phytic acid.
  • bleach-activating active ingredients and/or conventional bleach activators, that is to say compounds that, under perhydrolysis conditions, yield unsubstituted or substituted perbenzo- and/or peroxo-carboxylic acids having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, especially from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable bleach activators include the customary bleach activators that carry O- and/or N-acyl groups having the indicated number of carbon atoms and/or unsubstituted or substituted benzoyl groups.
  • polyacylated alkylenediamines especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N,N-diacetyl-N,N- dimethylurea (DDU), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1 ,5-diacetyl-2,4- dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DA.DHT), compounds of formula (4):
  • R'i is a sulfonate group, a carboxylic acid group or a carboxylate group
  • R' 2 is linear or branched (C 7 -C ⁇ 5 )alkyl
  • activators known under the names SNOBS, SLOBS and DOBA acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, and also acetylated sorbitol and mannitol and acylated sugar derivatives, especially pentaacetylglucose (PAG), sucrose polyacetate (SUPA), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and octaacetyllactose as well as acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone.
  • PAG pentaacetylglucose
  • the formulation may comprise an additional component which is typically associated with an automatic dishwasher detergent.
  • additional components includes preservatives such as isothiazolinone, dyes, corrosion inhibitors (both dishwasher machine and glass / kitchenware corrosion inhibitors), perfumes, stability aids and dispersing aids.
  • the formulation according to the invention may take the form of a complete dishwashing detergent or in the alternative may take the form of a separate bleaching additive. In the latter case the bleaching additive may used for removing coloured stains on crockery / kitchenware in a separate liquor before the items are washed in a dishwasher.
  • the bleaching additive can also be used in a liquor together with either a bleach-free washing agent or a bleach-containing washing agent as a bleach booster.
  • the formulation according to the invention may be in solid or liquid form.
  • the liquid may be homogenous or multi-phase.
  • One or more of the formulation components may be present in the form of a suspension.
  • the formulation When in liquid form the formulation may comprise a thickener, such as is commonly use to increase the viscosity of the formulation and appeal to the consumer.
  • thickeners include Xantham gum, cellulose derivatives and polyacrylic acid derivatives.
  • a preferred commercially available thickener is sold under the tradename Carbopol (available from BF Goodrich).
  • the formulation may be in the form of a powder.
  • the powder may also be compressed into tablet form. If in tablet form the formulation may include a tabletting aid such as polyethy leneg lycol .
  • the formulation may comprise granules of the metal catalyst of formula (1).
  • Such granules preferably comprise: a) from 1 to 99 % by weight, preferably from 1 to 40 % by weight, especially from 1 to 30 % by weight, of a metal complex compound of formula (1 ), especially of formula (1a), b) from 1 to 99 % by weight, preferably from 10 to 99 % by weight, especially from 20 to 80 % by weight, of a binder, c) from 0 to 20 % by weight, especially from 1 to 20 % by weight, of an encapsulating material, d) from 0 to 20 % by weight of a further additive and e) from 0 to 20 % by weight of water.
  • anionic dispersants As binder (b) there come into consideration anionic dispersants, non-ionic dispersants, polymers and waxes that are water-soluble, dispersible or emulsifiable in water.
  • the anionic dispersants used are, for example, commercially available water-soluble anionic dispersants for dyes, pigments etc.
  • condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids and formaldehyde condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids with unsubstituted or chlorinated diphenylene or diphenyl oxides and optionally formaldehyde, (mono-/di-)alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, sodium salts of polymerised organic sulfonic acids, sodium salts of polymerised alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids, sodium salts of polymerised alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, alkylarylsulfonates, sodium salts of alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates, polyalkylated polynuclear arylsulfonates, methylene-linked condensation products of arylsulfonic acids and hydroxyarylsulfonic acids, sodium salts of dialkylsulfosuccinic acid, sodium salts of alkyl diglycol ether sulfates
  • Especially suitable anionic dispersants are condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acids with formaldehyde, sodium salts of polymerised organic sulfonic acids, (mono-/di-)- alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, polyalkylated polynuclear arylsulfonates, sodium salts of polymerised alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, lignosulfonates, oxylignosulfonates and condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid with a polychloromethyldiphenyl.
  • Suitable non-ionic dispersants are especially compounds having a melting point of, preferably, at least 35°C that are emulsifiable, dispersible or soluble, for example the following compounds:
  • fatty alcohols having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, especially cetyl alcohol
  • alkylene oxide especially ethylene oxide, wherein some of the ethylene oxide units may have been replaced by substituted epoxides, such as styrene oxide and/or propylene oxide, with higher unsaturated or saturated monoalcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines or fatty amides having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms or with benzyl alcohols, phenyl phenols, benzyl phenols or alkyl phenols, the alkyl radicals of which have at least 4 carbon atoms;
  • alkylene oxide especially propylene oxide, condensation products (block polymers);
  • sorbitan esters preferably with long-chain ester groups, or ethoxylated sorbitan esters, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate having from 4 to 10 ethylene oxide units or polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate having from 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units;
  • fatty alcohol polyglycol mixed ethers especially addition products of from 3 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and from 3 to 30 mol of propylene oxide with aliphatic monoalcohols having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • Especially suitable non-ionic dispersants are surfactants of formula
  • R 23 is Cs-Q ⁇ alkyl or C 8 -C 18 alkenyl
  • R 24 is hydrogen; d-C 4 alkyl; a cycloaliphatic radical having at least 6 carbon atoms; or benzyl; "alkylene” is an alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 60.
  • the substituents R 23 and R 2 are advantageously each the hydrocarbon radical of an unsaturated or, preferably, saturated aliphatic monoalcohol having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon radical may be straight-chain or branched.
  • R 23 and R 24 are preferably each independently of the other an alkyl radical having from 9 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • Aliphatic saturated monoalcohols that come into consideration include natural alcohols, e.g. lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol, and also synthetic alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutanol, octan-2-ol, isononyl alcohol, trimethyl- hexanol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, decanol, Cg-C-nOxo-alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol and linear primary alcohols (Alfols) having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Some examples of such Alfols are Alfol (8-10), Alfol (9-11), Alfol (10-14), Alfol (12-13) and Alfol (16- 18). (“Alfol" is a registered trade mark).
  • Unsaturated aliphatic monoalcohols are, for example, dodecenyl alcohol, hexadecenyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.
  • the alcohol radicals may be present singly or in the form of mixtures of two or more components, e.g. mixtures of alkyl and/or alkenyl groups that are derived from soybean fatty acids, palm kernel fatty acids or tallow oils.
  • Alkylene-O chains are preferably divalent radicals of the formulae CH CH I I
  • cycloaliphatic radical examples include cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and preferably cyclohexyl.
  • non-ionic dispersants there come into consideration preferably surfactants of formula
  • R 25 is C 8 -C 22 alkyl
  • R 26 is hydrogen or C C alkyl; i ⁇ 2 .
  • Y 3 and Y 4 are each independently of the others hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
  • n 2 is a number from 0 to 8; and
  • n 3 is a number from 2 to 40.
  • R 27 is C 9 -C 14 alkyl
  • R 28 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • Y 7 and Y 8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, one of the radicals Y 5 , Ye and one of the radicals Y 7) Y 8 always being hydrogen; and n 4 and n 5 are each independently of the other an integer from 4 to 8.
  • non-ionic dispersants can be used in the form of mixtures.
  • surfactant mixtures there come into consideration non-end-group-terminated fatty alcohol ethoxylates e.g. compounds wherein
  • R 23 is Cs-C 22 alkyl
  • R 2 is hydrogen and the alkylene-O chain is the radical -(CH 2 -CH 2 -O)- and also end-group-terminated fatty alcohol ethoxylates of formula.
  • non-ionic dispersants of formulae (7), (8) and (9) include reaction products of a C 0 -C 13 fatty alcohol, e.g. a C 13 oxo-alcohol, with from 3 to 10 mol of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide or the reaction product of one mol of a C 13 fatty alcohol with 6 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of butylene oxide, it being possible for the addition products each to be end-group-terminated with d-C 4 alkyl, preferably methyl or butyl.
  • d-C 4 alkyl preferably methyl or butyl.
  • Such dispersants can be used singly or in the form of mixtures of two or more dispersants.
  • the granules according to the invention may comprise a water-soluble organic polymer as binder.
  • a water-soluble organic polymer as binder.
  • Such polymers may be used singly or in the form of mixtures of two or more polymers.
  • Water-soluble polymers that come into consideration are, for example, polyethylene glycols, copolymers of ethylene oxide with propylene oxide, gelatin, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidones, vinylpyrrolidones, vinyl acetates, polyvinylimidazoles, polyvinylpyridine-N-oxides, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with long-chain ⁇ -olefins, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinylimidazole, poly(vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates), copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamides, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropyl acrylamides, quatemised copolymers of vinylpyrrolidones and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, terpolymers of vinylcap
  • polyethylene glycols carboxymethylcellulose
  • polyacrylamides polyvinyl alcohols
  • polyvinylpyrrolidones gelatin
  • hydrolysed polyvinyl acetates copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate
  • polyacrylates copolymers of ethyl acrylate with methacrylate and methacrylic acid, and polymethacrylates.
  • Suitable water-emulsifiable or water-dispersible binders also include paraffin waxes.
  • Encapsulating materials (c) include especially water-soluble and water-dispersible polymers and waxes. Of those materials, preference is given to polyethylene glycols, polyamides, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, gelatin, hydrolysed polyvinyl acetates, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, and also polyacrylates, paraffins, fatty acids, copolymers of ethyl acrylate with methacrylate and methacrylic acid, and polymethacrylates.
  • additives (d) that come into consideration are, for example, wetting agents, dust removers, water-insoluble or water-soluble dyes or pigments, and also dissolution accelerators, and sequestering agents.
  • the preparation of the granules according may be carried out, for example, starting from: a) a solution or suspension with a subsequent drying/shaping step or b) a suspension of the active ingredient in a melt with subsequent shaping and solidification.
  • the anionic or non-ionic dispersant and/or the polymer and, if appropriate, the further additives are dissolved in water and stirred, if desired with heating, until a homogeneous solution has been obtained.
  • the metal catalyst is then dissolved or suspended in the resulting aqueous solution.
  • the solids content of the solution should preferably be at least 30 % by weight, especially 40 to 50 % by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.
  • the viscosity of the solution is preferably less than 200 mPas.
  • the aqueous solution so prepared, comprising the metal catalyst is then subjected to a drying step in which all water, with the exception of a residual amount, is removed, solid particles (granules) being formed at the same time.
  • a drying step in which all water, with the exception of a residual amount, is removed, solid particles (granules) being formed at the same time.
  • Known methods are suitable for producing the granules from the aqueous solution. In principle, both continuous methods and discontinuous methods are suitable. Continuous methods are preferred, especially spray- drying and fluidised bed granulation processes.
  • spray-drying processes in which the active ingredient solution is sprayed into a chamber with circulating hot air.
  • the atomisation of the solution is effected e.g. using unitary or binary nozzles or is brought about by the spinning effect of a rapidly rotating disc.
  • the spray-drying process may be combined with an additional agglomeration of the liquid particles with solid nuclei in a fluidised bed that forms an integral part of the chamber (so-called fluid spray).
  • the fine particles ( ⁇ 100 ⁇ m) obtained by a conventional spray-drying process may, if necessary after being separated from the exhaust gas flow, be fed as nuclei, without further treatment, directly into the atomizing cone of the atomiser of the spray-dryer for the purpose of agglomeration with the liquid droplets of the active ingredient.
  • the water can rapidly be removed from the solutions comprising the metal catalyst, binder and further additives. It is expressly intended that agglomeration of the droplets forming in the atomising cone, or the agglomeration of droplets with solid particles, will take place.
  • the granules formed in the spray-dryer are removed in a continuous process, for example by a sieving operation.
  • the fines and the oversize particles are either recycled directly to the process (without being redissolved) or are dissolved in the liquid active ingredient formulation and subsequently granulated again.
  • a further preparation method is a process in which the polymer is mixed with water and then the catalyst is dissolved/suspended in the polymer solution, thus forming an aqueous phase, the metal catalyst being homogeneously distributed in that phase.
  • the aqueous phase is dispersed in a water-immiscible liquid in the presence of a dispersion stabiliser in order that a stable dispersion is formed.
  • the water is then removed from the dispersion by distillation, forming substantially dry particles. In those particles, the catalyst is homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix.
  • the granules are preferably wear-resistant, low in dust, pourable and readily meterable. They can be added directly to the dishwasher or detergent formulation in a desired concentration.
  • the coloured appearance of the granules is to be suppressed, this can be achieved, for example, by embedding the granules in a droplet of a whitish meltable substance ("water- soluble wax") or by adding a white pigment (e.g. TiO 2 ) to the granule formulation or, preferably, by encapsulating the granules in a melt consisting, for example, of a water- soluble wax, as described in EP-A-0 323407, a white solid being added to the melt in order to reinforce the masking effect of the capsule.
  • a white pigment e.g. TiO 2
  • the catalyst may be dried in a separate step prior to the melt-granulation and, if necessary, dry-ground in a mill so that all the solids particles are smaller than 50 ⁇ m in size.
  • the drying is carried out in an apparatus customary for the purpose, for example in a paddle dryer, vacuum cabinet or freeze-dryer.
  • the finely particulate catalyst is suspended in the molten carrier material and homogenised.
  • the desired granules are produced from the suspension in a shaping step with simultaneous solidification of the melt.
  • the choice of a suitable melt-granulation process is made in accordance with the desired size of granules. In principle, any process which can be used to produce granules in a particle size of from 0.1 to 4 mm is suitable. Such processes are droplet processes (with solidification on a cooling belt or during free fall in cold air), melt- prilling (cooling medium gas/liquid), and flake formation with a subsequent comminution step, the granulation apparatus being operated continuously or discontinuously.
  • the granules prepared from a melt are to be suppressed, in addition to the catalyst it is also possible to suspend in the melt white or coloured pigments which, after solidification, impart the desired coloured appearance to the granules (e.g. titanium dioxide).
  • the granules can be covered or encapsulated in an encapsulating material. Methods suitable for such an encapsulation include the customary methods and also the encapsulation of the granules by a melt consisting e.g. of a water-soluble wax, as described, for example, in EP-A-0323407, coacervation, complex coacervation and surface polymerisation.
  • Encapsulating materials (c) include e.g. water-soluble, water-dispersible orwater- emulsifiable polymers and waxes.
  • Further additives (d) include e.g. wetting agents, dust-removers, water-insoluble or water- soluble dyes or pigments, and also dissolution accelerators, optical brighteners and sequestering agents.
  • Step 2 The hydrochloride obtained in step 1 is taken up in 300 ml of ethyl acetate and 200 ml of deionized water and rendered neutral with 4N sodium hydroxide solution. After phase separation, the aqueous phase is extracted twice more with 200 ml each time of ethyl acetate. The organic phases are combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
  • Example 6 Manganese(ll) complex with doubl/ quaternized 4,4"-bis(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- 1 ⁇ - [2,2';6',2"]terpyridin-4'-one
  • compositions for use in a dishwashing machine were made without the use of bleaching components. These compositions are shown below.
  • the cleaning of bleach-able stains using a dishwashing tablet containing a metal catalyst and per-oxygen source was compared to the performance of a composition containing the base and per-oxygen source and also with a tablet containing a commercially available activator (TAED).
  • TAED commercially available activator

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une préparation de détergent pour lave-vaisselle automatique comprenant: un composé à complexe métallique de formule (1) [LnMemXp]zYq dans laquelle Me représente manganèse, titane, fer, cobalt, nickel ou cuivre, X représente un radical de coordination ou de pontage, n et m valent chacun séparément un entier de 1 à 8, p vaut un entier de 0 à 32, z représente la charge du complexe métallique, Y représente un contre-ion, q = z/(charge Y), et L représente un ligand de formule (II) dans laquelle R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 et R11 représentent chacun séparément hydrogène; C1-C18alkyle ou aryle substitué ou non; cyano; halogène; nitro; -COOR12 ou -SO3R12, R12 représentant dans chaque cas hydrogène, un cation ou C1-C18alkyle ou aryle substitué ou non; -SR13, -SO2R13 ou -OR13, R13 représentant dans chaque cas hydrogène ou C1-C18alkyle ou aryle substitué ou non; -NR14R15; -(C1-C6alkylène)-NR14R15; -N®R14R15R16; -(C1-C6alkylène)-N®R14R15R16; -N(R13)-(C1-C6alkylène)-NR14R15; -N[(C1-C6alkylène)-NR14R15]2; -N(R13)-(C1-C6alkylène)- N®R14R15R16, -N[(C1-C6alkylène)-N®R14R15R16]2; -N(R13)-N-R14R15 ou -N(R13)-N®R14R15R16, R13 étant tel que défini ci-dessus et R14, R15 et R16 représentant chacun séparément hydrogène ou C1-C18alkyle ou aryle substitué ou non, ou R14 et R15 conjointement avec l'atome d'hydrogène les liant forment un cycle à 5-, 6- ou 7-éléments substitué ou non pouvant éventuellement contenir d'autres hétéroatomes, à condition que (i) au moins un des substituants R1-R11 contienne un atome d'azote quaternisé qui n'est pas lié directement à un des trois cycles pyridine A, B ou C et que (ii) Y ne représente ni I- ni CI- lorsque Me représente Mn(II), R1-R5 et R7-R11 représentent hydrogène et R6 représente: (A), en tant que catalyseurs pour des réactions d'oxydation; et b) un polymère sulfoné.
PCT/GB2004/005297 2003-12-20 2004-12-17 Utilisation de composes a complexe metallique en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation WO2005061688A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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BRPI0417462-3A BRPI0417462A (pt) 2003-12-20 2004-12-17 uso de compostos de complexo de metal como catalisadores de oxidação
CA002548373A CA2548373A1 (fr) 2003-12-20 2004-12-17 Utilisation de composes a complexe metallique en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation
AU2004303582A AU2004303582A1 (en) 2003-12-20 2004-12-17 Use of metal complex compounds as oxidation catalysts
EP04806108A EP1694807A1 (fr) 2003-12-20 2004-12-17 Utilisation de composes a complexe metallique en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation

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GB0329561A GB2409207B (en) 2003-12-20 2003-12-20 Use of metal complex compounds as oxidation catalysts
GB0329561.5 2003-12-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007079858A1 (fr) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-19 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Détergent contenant des complexes ayant une activité catalytique de blanchiment
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WO2009141258A1 (fr) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Détergent préservant les textiles

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CN1898372A (zh) 2007-01-17
BRPI0417462A (pt) 2007-03-13
EP1694807A1 (fr) 2006-08-30
GB0329561D0 (en) 2004-01-28
GB2409207B (en) 2006-08-09
CA2548373A1 (fr) 2005-07-07
AU2004303582A1 (en) 2005-07-07
US20060247144A1 (en) 2006-11-02
GB2409207A (en) 2005-06-22

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