WO2005061396A1 - Systeme de traitement des eaux usees - Google Patents

Systeme de traitement des eaux usees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005061396A1
WO2005061396A1 PCT/US2003/037510 US0337510W WO2005061396A1 WO 2005061396 A1 WO2005061396 A1 WO 2005061396A1 US 0337510 W US0337510 W US 0337510W WO 2005061396 A1 WO2005061396 A1 WO 2005061396A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
treatment system
wastewater
water treatment
disinfectant
ionized gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/037510
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles E. Leffler
William Paul
Original Assignee
Marine Environmental Partners, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marine Environmental Partners, Inc. filed Critical Marine Environmental Partners, Inc.
Priority to AU2003295861A priority Critical patent/AU2003295861A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2003/037510 priority patent/WO2005061396A1/fr
Publication of WO2005061396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005061396A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
    • B63J4/004—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating sludge, e.g. tank washing sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/78—Details relating to ozone treatment devices
    • C02F2201/782—Ozone generators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the invention is directed generally to wastewater treatment systems, and more particularly, to wastewater treatment systems usable on vessels.
  • Vessels such as ships, produce large amounts of wastewater, such as sewage, galley wastewater, and laundry wastewater.
  • wastewater is stored on the vessel or discharged from the vessel with little or no treatment.
  • Storage of the wastewater on vessels requires large holding tanks, which consume valuable floor space in a vessel.
  • the storage tanks often add undesirable weight to a vessel.
  • storage tanks are emptied at port facilities and treated in land-based water treatment systems or emptied while the vessel is on the high seas.
  • the option of discharging wastewater overboard reduces the capacity of storage tanks needed and may, in at least some situations, eliminate the need for wastewater storage tanks altogether.
  • discharging raw wastewater into a water body can be extremely damaging.
  • Raw wastewater or wastewater having little treatment often is lethal to numerous organisms in offshore and nearshore ecosystems.
  • regulations in various jurisdictions throughout the world prohibit discharges of contaminated water or limit such discharges.
  • This invention is directed to a wastewater treatment system for removing one or more contaminants from a wastewater.
  • the wastewater treatment system is configured to remove contaminants from wastewater found on a vessel, such as, but not limited to, a ship, megayacht, or other vessel. Nonetheless, the wastewater treatment system may be used to treat other wastewaters as well.
  • components forming the wastewater system may be formed in modules so as to be easily installed on vessels in often space limited compartments.
  • the wastewater treatment system may remove at least a portion of suspended solids, fecal coliforms, BO.Ds, or CODs, or any combination thereof, from the wastewater using a combination of treatment systems.
  • the wastewater treatment system may inject disinfectants, such as, but not limited to, chlorine, bromine, and other halides, hydrogen peroxide, or other disinfectants, into the wastewater, and may inject one or more ionized gases into the wastewater.
  • disinfectants such as, but not limited to, chlorine, bromine, and other halides, hydrogen peroxide, or other disinfectants
  • One or more of the disinfectants may be generated from saltwater using a disinfectant generator.
  • the ionized gases may be produced on board a vessel to which the wastewater treatment system is attached using an ionized gas generator.
  • the wastewater treatment system may be formed from a primary treatment system and a secondary treatment system.
  • the primary treatment system may be formed from one or more collection devices for collecting wastewater from one or more sources, which may include, but are not limited to, a laundry, a sewage system, a galley
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include one or more disinfectant injectors for injecting at least one disinfectant into the wastewater treatment system downstream of the collection device.
  • One or more mixers may be included in the wastewater treatment system for mixing one or more ionized gases with the wastewater.
  • the mixers may include a plurality of injectors for injecting ionized gases into the wastewater.
  • the plurality of injectors may be positioned in a helical configuration around the mixer.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include a dissolved air flotation system for removing suspended solids from the wastewater.
  • One or more disinfectant generators may be included in the wastewater treatment system for supplying disinfectants to the disinfectant injectors.
  • the disinfectant generator may be formed from one or more conduits in a housing. Each conduit may have an electrical cell for applying an electrical charge to the fluid flowing through the conduit, which, in at least one embodiment, is saltwater. Each conduit may also include one or more sensors for determining the pressure, temperature, and other system parameters.
  • the disinfectant generator may be coupled to an inlet in the hull of a vessel for receiving water from the water body in which the vessel is floating. The water may be drawn from the water body and passed through the disinfectant generator, where one or more disinfectants may be removed from the water. The water may then be returned to the water body.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include one or more ionized gas generators for generating ionized gas to inject into the wastewater passing through the system.
  • the ionized gas generator may be formed from one or more chambers, whereby the chambers may include one or more ultraviolet lamps and one or more magnets.
  • the ionized gas generator may include a plurality of ultraviolet lamps that surround a plurality of magnets positioned generally along a longitudinal axis of a chamber.
  • the magnets may be positioned so that ends of adjacent magnets have like polarity, which may widen the magnetic field cast by the magnets.
  • a gas such as, but not limited to air, may be passed through the ionized gas generator to produce ionized gases.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include an electrical coagulation unit for applying an electrical current to the wastewater.
  • the electrical coagulation unit may be formed from a plurality of plates positioned generally parallel to each other and forming a serpentine pathway through which the wastewater flows.
  • the plates may be formed from a material, such as, but not limited to, aluminum, which may break off of the plates during use and form flocculants in the wastewater.
  • the flocculants may adhere to suspended solids in the wastewater, coagulate, and settle out of the wastewater flow.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include a filtration system positioned upstream of the collection device for removing suspended solids and other materials from the wastewater treatment system having relatively large sizes.
  • the wastewater treatment system may include one or more filters sized to filter materials two millimeters (mm) and larger from the wastewater.
  • the wastewater treatment system may include one or more saturization systems for introducing ionized gases or disinfectants, or both, into the wastewater stream.
  • the saturization system may be formed from a labyrinth of pipes sized for mixing the ionized gases and the disinfectants with the wastewater.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include a secondary treatment system positioned downstream of the dissolved air flotation unit for further cleaning the wastewater.
  • the secondary treatment system may or may not be used, depending on the desired levels of contaminants in the wastewater exhausted from the wastewater treatment system.
  • the secondary treatment system may include one or more contact tanks, ozone generators, ionized gas injectors, ionized gas generators, or filters.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include a recirculation system coupled to a downstream location of the water treatment system for recirculating wastewater through the wastewater treatment system if the wastewater is determined to have levels of contaminants that exceed a selected threshold.
  • the wastewater treatment system may also include a solid waste treatment system for disposing of the solids generated by the various components of the wastewater treatment system.
  • the solid waste treatment system may include a buffer tank for collecting solids from the wastewater treatment system, and a separator may be included for dewatering the solids.
  • the dewatered solids may be burned in an incinerator to greatly reduce the size and weight of solids requiring containment until the vessel in which the water treatment system is attached is docked.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of an embodiment of a primary treatment system of the water treatment system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of a secondary treatment system of the water treatment system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic of an embodiment of a solids treatment system of the solid waste treatment system
  • Figure 4 is a front view of a filter usable in the water treatment system
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the filter shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the filter shown in Figure 4 taken at line
  • Figure 7 is a side view of a disinfectant generator usable in the water treatment system
  • Figure 8 is an end view of the disinfectant generator shown in Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a side view of internal components of the disinfectant generator shown in Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of a mixer usable in the water treatment system
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional side view of a portion of the mixer of Figure
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional top view of a portion of the mixer of Figure 11 taken along line 12-12.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of an electrical coagulation unit usable in the water treatment system
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional side view of an ionized gas generator usable in the water treatment system
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional end view of the ionized gas generator shown in
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional side view of the ionized gas generator taken at
  • Figure 17 is a side view of a collection of chambers forming an ionized gas generator
  • Figure 18 is a front view of the collection of chambers forming an ionized gas generator shown in Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the primary and secondary treatment systems of the water treatment system.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of the primary treatment system of the water treatment system.
  • FIGS 1-20 illustrate a water treatment system 10 configured to remove one or more contaminants from a fluid, such as, but not limited to, wastewater.
  • the wastewater treatment system is configured to be used on a vessel, such as a ship, a megayacht, or other vessel producing wastewater.
  • the water may be received from sources, such as, but not limited to, laundries, raw sewage systems, galley drains, galley pulpers, bilge areas, accommodations, such as water from cabin sinks,
  • the wastewater treatment system 10 may be capable of removing fecal matter, such as fecal coliform, organisms creating biological oxygen demands (BOD), organisms creating chemical oxygen demands (COD) to produce water close to drinking water standards.
  • fecal matter such as fecal coliform
  • BOD biological oxygen demands
  • COD chemical oxygen demands
  • the water treatment system 10 may be configured as a modular design such that components of the system 10 may be adapted for each application and may be sized to fit into small compartments commonly found in vessels.
  • the water treatment system may include a primary treatment system 8 and a secondary treatment system 150.
  • the primary treatment system may be configured to remove large suspended solids, and the secondary treatment system may be configured to provide additional disinfection and treatment.
  • the water treatment system 10 may be configured to discharge decontaminated water out of a vessel, such as, but not limited to, a ship, and into the water in which the vessel floats.
  • Contaminated water may be cleaned by injecting one or more decontaminants, such as, but not limited to, chlorine and bromine into the contaminated water. These decontaminants may be separated from saltwater using electrolysis.
  • the water treatment system 10 may also emit an electrical current into the contaminated water to facilitate precipitation of contaminants from the water.
  • One or more ionized gases may be injected into the contaminated water to facilitate additional disinfection of the wastewater.
  • the components of the wastewater treatment system may be formed from materials that are resistant to corrosion, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel, aluminum, fiberglass, bond strand, and other appropriate materials.
  • the water treatment system 10 may include a collection device 12, which may be an equalization tank, for collecting contaminated water from various sources and to regulate the flow of wastewater into the water treatment system 10. While the size of the collection device 12 depends on the peak loads for a particular vessel in which the water treatment system 10 is mounted, in at least one embodiment, the collection device 12 may have a capacity that is about 25 percent of the daily load for a vessel, which may be about 300 cubic meters (m 3 ). Discharge of contaminated wastewater from the collection device 12 may.be controlled using a plurality of valves 14 and 16, which may or may not be remotely controlled using one or more solenoids or other appropriate devices.
  • the collection device 12 may also include a first stage filtration system 18, as shown in Figures 1 and 4-6.
  • the first stage filtration system 18 may be positioned downstream of the collection device 12.
  • the first stage filtration system 18 may include one or more coarse screen filters sized to remove solids larger than about two millimeters (mm). However, the filter may have other sizes as well.
  • the first stage filter may be formed from one or more coarse filters 21 and one or more fine filters 23.
  • the first stage filtration system 18 may be automatically controlled and include an automatic washing system to facilitate proper operation of the filter.
  • a manual coarse screen filter 20 may be used as a back up system or as substitution for the automatic coarse screen filter.
  • the first stage filtration system 220 may include a manual bypass system 222.
  • the collection device 12 may also include one or more supply tanks 22 positioned downstream of the first stage filtration system 18 for receiving filtered fluids from the first stage filtration system 18.
  • the supply tank 22 may be sized to receive
  • the water treatment system 10 may include one or more disinfectant injectors 24.
  • the disinfectant injector 24 may inject one or more disinfectants into the contaminated fluid flowing through the water treatment system 10.
  • the disinfectant injector 24 may inject one or more disinfectants into the contaminated fluid downstream of the supply tank 22.
  • the disinfectants may include, but are not limited to, disinfectants derived from saltwater, such as sea water, and may include chlorine and bromine.
  • the disinfectants may be stored in a tank or other appropriate device.
  • the water treatment system 10 may include a disinfectant generator 26 usable to generate disinfectants.
  • a storage tank for the disinfectant is not required, but may be used if desired.
  • the disinfectant generator 26 may be capable of generating one or more disinfectants from saltwater.
  • the saltwater may be drawn from the water in which a vessel is floating.
  • the disinfectant generator 26 may be formed from a housing 28 containing one or more conduits 30 having electrical cells 32 for emitting electricity into the water flowing through the conduits 30.
  • the housing 28 may be generally cylindrical or have another appropriate shape for containing the conduits 30.
  • the conduits 30 may be cylindrical or have another appropriate shape.
  • the number of conduits 30 contained in the housing 28 may vary, but in at least one embodiment, housing 28 may
  • ⁇ WP158888;! ⁇ 10 contain between four conduits and thirty conduits, and in at least one embodiment, may contain about twenty conduits.
  • the housing 28 may also include a header 33 for distributing saltwater to the plurality of conduits 30.
  • the disinfectant generator 26 may also include a bypass conduit 27 for controlling the flow of fluid through the conduits 30.
  • one or more valves 29 may be attached to the conduit 27 for regulating flow of fluids through the disinfectant generator 26.
  • Each conduit 30 of the disinfectant generator 26 may operate efficiently at a flow rate between about 5 gallons per minute (gpm) and about 40 gpm. To keep the disinfectant generator 26 operating at this level, the disinfectant generator may pass excess fluids through the bypass conduit 27. The fluids passing through the bypass conduit 27 and the fluids passing through the conduits 30 mix in the header 31 before flowing to downstream components of the water treatment system 10.
  • One or more of the conduits 30 may have a valve 35 on an upstream side and a valve 37 on a downstream side of the electrical cell 32 for controlling flow through the electrical cell 32 and enabling replacement of the electrical cell 32 without having to shutdown the entire system during the replacement.
  • One or more of the conduits 30 may have one or more electrical cells 32.
  • the electrical cells 32 may emit an electrical current into the saltwater, which promotes electrolysis. Electrolysis may break the bonds in various compounds and produce free halides, such as but not limited to, chlorine and bromine, in liquid form.
  • the reduction potential for saltwater electrolysis may be as follows:
  • the disinfectant generator 26 may be capable of producing halides, such .as chlorine, in a concentration of between about 0.5 parts per million (ppm) and about 20 ppm.
  • halides such .as chlorine
  • the desired amount of disinfectant produced is a concentration large enough to remove biota and other contaminants from the water and have residual concentrations of the chlorine or bromine left over.
  • the disinfectants L ⁇ nay be collected and sent to a conduit 34 carrying contaminated fluids. Byproducts produced by this process may be returned to the sea or other body of water, or other source.
  • the components of the disinfectant generator 26 may be formed from materials, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel, such as stainless steel 316L schedule 40 fiberglass or bond strand.
  • One or more of the conduits 30 may include one or more sensors 36 for measuring salinity, pressure, temperature, and other system parameter. Sensor 36 is depicted as a tube in Figure 7; however, sensor 36 is not limited to this configuration.
  • the disinfectant generator 26 may also include a water leak detector, which may send an alert signal in the event of internal piping failure to prevent catastrophic results.
  • a petcock (not shown) may also be included in the housing 28 for manual viewing of the internal aspects of the disinfectant generator 26. Gas may be injected under pressure or drawn in under low pressure created behind the deflector 44 via the Venturri effect.
  • One or more mixers 38 may be positioned downstream of the location at which the disinfectant injector 24 is coupled to the conduit 34.
  • the mixer 38 may be formed from an elongated housing 40 containing a plurality of injectors 42.
  • the injectors 42 may be positioned around the perimeter of the housing 40 and offset relative to each other so as to form a helical formation.
  • the injectors 42 may be positioned in other configurations about the housing 40.
  • the injectors 42 may be offset about 76 millimeters and rotated about 45 degrees relative to each adjacent injector 42.
  • the injectors may include a deflector 44 extending from the housing 40 into inner aspects of the mixer 38.
  • the deflector 44 may be formed from a V-shaped member.
  • the injector 42 may also include a diffuser 46, which may be, but is not limited to, a stone, for diffusing a gas into a fluid contained in the mixer 38.
  • the diffuser 46 may be adapted to emit a gas, such as an ionized gas.
  • the ionized gas may be received from an ionized gas generator 60 or another source.
  • the mixer 38 may include gaskets and bolt sleeves in appropriate locations to establish galvanic isolation between dissimilar metals to enhance the life of the mixer 38.
  • the mixer 38 may be generally cylindrical; however, in other embodiments, the mixer 38 may have other appropriate shapes.
  • the water treatment system 10 may include one or more ionized gas injectors 60 for injecting ionized gas into fluids flowing through the water treatment system 10, and more particularly, for injecting ionized gas into the mixer 38 through the injectors 42.
  • the ionized gas injector 60 may be adapted to inject ionized gases, such as, but not limited to, nitrogen and oxygen, into the mixer 38.
  • the ionized gas generator 62 may be formed from a plurality of chambers 64 containing one or more ultraviolet (UV) lamps 66.
  • the ionized gas generator 62 may include between one lamp and about 20 lamps, with at least one embodiment having about eight lamps as shown in Figure 15.
  • the ultraviolet lamps may have a wavelength between about 185 nm and about 255 nm.
  • the chambers 64 may be, but are not. limited to, generally cylindrical tubes sized and adapted to contain a plurality of UV lamps.
  • the UV lamps may extend from a first end 68 of the chamber 64 to a second end 70 of the chamber 64, which is generally opposite to the first end 68.
  • the ionized gas generator 62 may also have a plurality of magnets 72 positioned in the chambers 64.
  • the magnets 72 may be, but are not limited to, permanent magnets, such as rare earth magnets.
  • the magnets 72 may be positioned, as shown in Figure 16, generally along a longitudinal axis 74 of a chamber 64.
  • Each chamber 64 may include a plurality of magnets 72 stacked on top of each other using spacers 76 and oriented so that ends of adjacent magnets 72 have like polarity. Orientation of the magnets in this manner increases the width of the magnetic field produced by the magnets 72.
  • the width of the magnetic field may be at least as large as the distance between the magnets 72 and an inside surface 78 of the chamber 64. Passing air through the magnetic fields produced by the magnets and exposing the air to ultraviolet light reduces nitrogen and oxygen in the air and produces free oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the number of chambers 64 used in a particular application depends on the circumference and length of the chambers 64 and the anticipated fluid flow through the water treatment system 10. In at least one embodiment, as shown in Figure 16, the
  • chambers 64 may have diameters that are about 15 centimeters and may be about 60 inches in length.
  • the ionized gas generator 62 may include between about one chamber and about 90 chambers 64; however, the ionized gas generator 62 is not limited to being formed from this number of chambers. Rather, the ionized gas generator 62 may be formed from other amounts of chambers 64.
  • the chambers 64 may be coupled together in parallel. Air flowing through the chamber 64 cools the ultraviolet lamps 66 while being ionized.
  • the air flow rate may be between about two cubic feet per minute (cfin) and about six cfin, depending on the circumference and length of the chambers 64.
  • the ionized gas generator 62 may have a flow rate of air through the generator 62 of about 2.5 cfin.
  • the reduction potential for ionized gas according to the present invention is as follows: Oxidizing Gas Species 0 3 + 211 ⁇ + 2e ⁇ O 2 + H 2 O 2.07 V; H 2 O 2 + 2H + + 2e ' ⁇ 2H 2 O 1.32 V;
  • the ionized gas provides both a biological influence and an electromagnetic influence on the water containing the electrolytically produced disinfectants and enhances the coagulation of the contaminants, the separation of solid particles, and the removal of contaminants.
  • the water treatment system 10 may include one or more electrical coagulation units 50 downstream of the mixer 38 and the ionized gas generator 62.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be capable of applying an electrical current to wastewater passing through the unit 50.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be capable of applying an electrical current to wastewater passing through the unit 50.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be capable of applying an electrical current to wastewater passing through the unit 50.
  • ⁇ WP1 5 8888;1 ⁇ *-5 coagulation unit 50 may be a generally metallic cell capable of imparting a direct current (DC) into the wastewater passing through the electrical coagulation unit 50.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be formed from a plurality of plates 52 positioned generally parallel within a housing 54.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be configured in at least one embodiment so that the wastewater flowing through the unit 50 flows along a serpentine pathway between each plate 52, as shown in Figure 13.
  • the plates may be arranged in an alternating fashion such that negatively charged plates 52 are positioned on either side of a positively charged plate 52.
  • the plates 52 may be formed of materials, such as, but not limited to, aluminum, iron, stainless steel, titanium and other composite materials.
  • the DC may saturate a wastewater stream flowing through the electrical coagulation unit 50 with electricity to provide an electromotive force necessary to facilitate chemical reactions.
  • the DC may have a relatively low voltage, such as, but not limited to, between about 1 volt and about 50 volts.
  • the electricity introduces the electrons necessary to complete the valence shells of the elements, which, in turn, form more stable compounds.
  • the stable compounds are generally difficult to dissolve in water and generally precipitate out of solution.
  • application of the electricity causes electrolysis to occur.
  • Electrolysis produces disinfectants, such as hypochlorite and halides, such as, but not limited to, bromine and chlorine, from saltwater in the wastewater. These disinfectants kill bacteria, viruses, and other living biological materials in the wastewater.
  • salt may be added in amounts such as between about 2,000 ppm and about 5,000 ppm to facilitate electrolysis.
  • seawater may be used having between about 30 and 35,000 ppm of salt.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 facilitates coagulation through electrical reactions with dissolved impurities.
  • the electrical current introduced to the plates 52 cause sacrificial electrode ions to remove contaminants by chemical reaction, precipitation, or through coalescence of colloidal materials, or any combination thereof.
  • the introduction of electricity to the wastewater may break oil emulsions in the fluid.
  • Portions of the aluminum plates 52 may break off of the plates 52 and form flocculants in the fluid passing through the electrical coagulation unit 50.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may operate at a steady state by controlling the current and voltage of the electrical current applied to the plates 52.
  • the water treatment system 10 may use a polymer injection unit in place of the electrical coagulation unit 50 for removing suspended solids.
  • the water treatment system 10 may also include one or more second mixers 80 downstream of the electrical coagulation unit 50.
  • the second mixer 80 may be positioned to mix the one or more ionized gases generated by the ionized gas generator 63 or injected by the ionized gas injector 60 with wastewater passing through the water treatment system 10.
  • the second mixer 80 may be similar to the mixer 38. However, in at least some embodiments the configuration or size, or both, of the second mixer 80 may differ from the mixer 38.
  • the water treatment system 10 may also include one or more dissolved air flotation units 90 for removing contaminants from the water using microbubbles.
  • the dissolved air flotation unit 90 may be positioned downstream of the second mixer 80.
  • the dissolved air flotation unit 90 may be formed from a tank 92 having an inlet 94 near a bottom surface 96 of the tank 92.
  • Injectors 98 may be positioned in the bottom surface 96 or proximate to the bottom surface 96 for injecting bubbles into
  • bubbles may carry solids to the top 100 of the tank 92 where the solids flow over the top of one or more weirs 102.
  • suspended solids may be taken off of the surface using one or more vacuums.
  • ionized gases may be injected as microbubbles into the tank 92. The relatively clean water may be expelled from the dissolved air flotation unit 90 through one or more exit orifices 104 positioned generally midway between the bottom 96 and the top 100 of the tank 92.
  • Cleaned water may also be withdrawn from the dissolved air flotation unit 90 and injected into the injectors 98 of the dissolved air flotation unit 90 via a recirculation loop 91.
  • one or more electrical coagulation units 93 may be attached to the recirculation loop 91.
  • the dissolved air flotation unit 90 may have a capacity between about 300 gallons and about 500 gallons and capable of processing about 100 tons of wastewater per day.
  • An alternative embodiment of the primary treatment system 8, as shown in Figure 19, may include substantially all of the components previously described but in an alternative configuration. More specifically, the primary treatment system 8 may include a first stage filtration system 220 positioned upstream from the supply tank 224. The first stage filtration system may also include a manual bypass system 222. A mixer 226 may be positioned downstream of the supply tank 224. The pH of the wastewater flowing through the primary treatment system 8 may be controlled at the mixer 226. A flocculant system 228 may be positioned downstream of the mixer 226. In at least one embodiment, the flocculant system 228 may be an electrical coagulation unit 50, as previously described and shown in Figure 13. The primary treatment system may include a second mixer 230 positioned downstream of the flocculant system 228.
  • the primary treatment system 8 may also include a saturator system 232 for mixing ionized gases or disinfectants, or both, with a wastewater.
  • the saturator 232 may be formed from a chamber and may receive ionized gas or may receive disinfectants, or both.
  • the saturator 232 is a pressure vessel operating between about 3 bars and about 6 bars in which one or more gases may be dissolved into a fluid forming a supersaturated fluid.
  • the saturator 232 may receive ionized gases from an ionized gas generator 234, as shown in Figures 14-18 and identified therein as ionized gas generator 62.
  • the saturator 232 may receive disinfectants, such as, but not limited to chlorine, bromine, and other disinfectants, from a disinfectant generator 236, as shown in Figures 7-9 and identified therein as disinfectant generator 26.
  • the gases dissolved into water, or other fluid, in the saturator 232 are released when the dissolved gas/fluid mixture is released into atmospheric conditions.
  • the primary treatment system 8 may also include one or more dissolved air flotation units 240 downstream of a connection point of the saturator 232.
  • the dissolved air flotation unit 240 may inject microbubbles into the stream of wastewater to remove suspended solids. In at least one embodiment, ionized gases may be injected into the wastewater stream.
  • FIG. 1 Another alternative embodiment of the primary treatment system 8, as shown in Figure 20, includes a saturator system 260.
  • the saturator system 260 may be feed with one or more ionized gases or disinfectants, or both, h at least one embodiment, one or more ionized gas generators 262 may be coupled to at least one mixer 264.
  • the mixer 264 may or may not resemble the mixer shown in Figures 10-12.
  • the mixer 264 may be in communication with the saturator 260 and upstream of the saturator 260.
  • ⁇ WP1S8888;! ⁇ 19 Figures 7-9, or other device, may also be coupled to the saturator 260.
  • a flocculant source 266 may be included in the primary treatment system 8.
  • the flocculant source 266 may be, but is not limited to being, an electrical coagulation unit, as shown in Figure 13.
  • a dissolved air flotation unit 268, may be positioned downstream of the saturator 260.
  • the dissolved air flotation unit 268 may be formed from various configurations.
  • the wastewater may enter the dissolved air flotation unit 268 at a bottom portion of the unit 268.
  • Microbubbles consisting of air, ionized gases, or other gases, may be injected into the wastewater in the dissolved air flotation unit 268.
  • Suspended solids may attach to the microbubbles and be carried to a surface of the wastewater.
  • the solids may be separated from the wastewater using a vacuum system or by allowing the solids to flow over a weir 272 and out outlet 270.
  • Cleaned wastewater may be removed from a bottom portion of the dissolved air floatation unit 268 through outlet 274.
  • the cleaned wastewater may or may not be sent through a secondary treatment system.
  • the primary treatment system 8 may be configured to treat wastewaters containing large concentrations of oils, such as oil concentrations commonly found in bilge water.
  • the primary treatment system 8 may include one or more gross oil/water separators 25, as shown in Figure 1, for removing a substantial portion of one or more oils from the wastewater before the wastewater has an opportunity to contact other components of the wastewater treatment system 10.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may include one or more disinfectant injectors 150 for applying disinfectants to wastewater flowing through the secondary treatment system 150.
  • the disinfectant injector 150 may be positioned downstream of the primary treatment system 8, and, in at least one embodiment, may be positioned immediately downstream of the dissolved air flotation units 90.
  • the disinfectant injector 152 may include a disinfectant generator 154 for generating disinfectants to inject into the wastewater flowing through the secondary treatment system 150.
  • the secondary freatment system 150 may include a contact tank 156 for mixing one or more disinfectants and the wastewater.
  • the contact tank 156 may have a capacity of between about 5 gallons and about 100 gallons.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may also include one or more filters 160 for removing suspended solids and other contaminants that may not have been previously removed m the water treatment system 10.
  • the filter 160 may be a filter, such as, but not limited to, a 35 micron filter.
  • the filter 160 is not limited to this size but may be other sizes as well.
  • the filters may include media such as, but not limited to, sand, glass beads, carbon, ion resins, or other appropriate materials.
  • the filter 160 may be formed from two filters 160 in parallel, which may be referred to a duplex filter mechanism.
  • the duplex filter mechanism enables either or both of the filters 160 to be used. In the event one of the filters 160 needs to be cleaned, valves may be actuated to isolate one of the filters 160 to be cleaned or replaced.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may also include a disinfectant light source 170.
  • the disinfectant light source 150 may be one or more ultraviolet lamps.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may also include a
  • the standards selected may be those standards of the jurisdiction in which a vessel containing the water treatment system 10 is present. In at least one embodiment, those standards may be the standards in force in Miami, Dade County, Florida, U.S.A.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may be configured to inject one or more disinfectants or one or more ionized gases, or both, into a stream of wastewater flowing from the dissolved air flotation unit 240, as shown in Figure 19.
  • the disinfectants may be supplied from one or more disinfectant generators 242, and the ionized gases may be supplied from one or more ionized gas generators 244.
  • the ionized gas may be injected into the wastewater in one or more contact tanks 246. At least one of the contact tanks 246 may be used to remove solids from the wastewater.
  • the secondary treatment system 150 may include two contacts tanks 246.
  • Some embodiments of the secondary treatment system 150 may also include an electrical coagulation unit 151, as shown in Figure 2, for coagulating contaminants in the wastewater.
  • the water treatment system 10 may also include a solid waste treatment system 200 for collecting sludge separated by the primary or secondary treatment systems 8, 150.
  • the sludge may be transported to the solid waste treatment system 200 using one or more pumps 202, which may be, but is not limited to, a macerating pump.
  • the solid waste treatment system 200 may be transported to the solid waste treatment system 200 using one or more pumps 202, which may be, but is not limited to, a macerating pump.
  • waste treatment system 200 may include a buffer tank 204 for collecting the sludge from the pump 202. Polymers may be added to the sludge while contained in the buffer tank 204.
  • the solid waste treatment system 200 may also include a separator 206, which may be, but is not limited to, a centrifugal separator 206. Sludge received from the separator 206 may have a solids concentration of about 25 percent.
  • the sludge may be sent to a garbage silo to be mixed with other combustible wastes. This mixture of garbage may be dried by sending the mixture through a dryer prior to being sent through an incinerator 208. The sludge may be sprayed directly into an incinerator 208 using one or more nozzles. Water received from the separator may be recirculated to the beginning of the water treatment system 10 for further treatment.
  • Operation of the wastewater treatment system 10 may be controlled using various controllers to automatically control and operate the various components of the wastewater treatment system described above.
  • the controllers for the wastewater treatment system 10 may be completely contained on the vessel in which the wastewater treatment system 10 is mounted, hi other embodiments, some or all of the controllers may be located on another vessel or on land.
  • the wastewater treatment system 10 may be controlled by personnel not on the vessel in which the wastewater treatment system 10 is mounted. A configuration such as this prevents crew members from overriding the system 10 and discharging wastewater having concentrations of contaminants that are greater than applicable regulations.
  • remote control of the system 10 may prevent an owner of a vessel from liability from illegal discharges.
  • the wastewater treatment system 10 may be configured from a plurality of modules sized to accommodate an anticipated maximum load from a supply source, such as sources commonly found on a vessel, such as a ship, a megayacht, or other vessel.
  • the wastewater treatment system 10 may receive fluids from a variety of sources on a vessel, some of which are previously listed, such as, but not limited to, laundry facilities, raw sewage, galley drain, galley pulper, bilge areas, and other sources.
  • the water treatment system may utilize one or more of the following: nitrogen, oxygen, bromine, chlorine, and hydrogen peroxide, to disinfect the wastewater.
  • the wastewater treatment system 10 may treat wastewater without injecting the wastewater with significant amounts of chemicals that are harmful to the environment.
  • the wastewater is collected in the collection device 12, which is used to regulate the flow of fluids through the system 10.
  • the wastewater flows from the collection device 12 through a filtration system 18 where large suspended solids are removed.
  • the wastewater may be passed through one or more gross oil/water separators 25 to remove at least a portion of the oils from the wastewater.
  • the * wastewater may then be passed to a supply tank 22, which also regulates the flow of fluids through the water treatment system 10. Waste waster flows from the supply tank 22 towards the mixer 38; however, before the wastewater is passed into the mixer 38, a disinfectant may be added into the wastewater through the disinfectant injector 24.
  • the disinfectant may be taken from a storage tank or other holding source or may be produced using a disinfectant generator 26.
  • the disinfectant may be a halide taken from sea water and may include, but is not limited to, chlorine or bromine, or both.
  • the disinfectant may mix with the wastewater in the conduit 34 and may remove at least a portion of the fecal coliforms, BOD, or COD, or any combination thereof, from the wastewater.
  • the mixture of the disinfectant and the wastewater may be passed to a mixer 38 to be mixed with one or more ionized gases.
  • the ionized gas may be emitted into the wastewater stream by passing through an ionized gas injector 60.
  • the ionized gas may be generated by the ionized gas generator 62.
  • the ionized gas may remove numerous contaminants from the wastewater.
  • the wastewater is then passed to an electrical coagulation unit 50, which emits electricity into the stream of wastewater.
  • the electrical coagulation unit 50 may be formed from a plurality of electrically conductive plates 52 that electrolyze and form flocculants in the wastewater.
  • the flocculants facilitate removal of suspended solids, fecal coliforms, BODs, CODs, or other materials, or any combination of these materials.
  • the waste materials settle out of solution and collect in the electrical coagulation unit 50, where the waste materials may be removed.
  • the wastewater may then be passed to a mixer 80 where the wastewater may be mixed with an .ionized gas.
  • the ionized gas may be generated in the ionized gas generator 63.
  • the ionized gas removes at least a portion of the contaminants from the wastewater that has not been previously removed.
  • the wastewater may then be passed to a dissolved air flotation unit 90 in which the suspended solids and other materials may precipitate out of the wastewater and the partially clean water may be removed from the unit 90. Microbubbles formed from air, ionized gases, or other gases, or any combination thereof, are passed through the dissolved air flotation unit 90 to separate suspended solids from the wastewater.
  • the partially clean water may then be passed to a secondary treatment system 150.
  • a disinfectant may be added to the wastewater to further kill at least a portion of any remaining fecal coliforms, BODs, CODs, or any other organic materials.
  • the disinfectant may be produced using a disinfectant generator 154 to generate disinfectants from sea water or taken from a storage tank in some embodiments.
  • the wastewater may then be passed through a contact tank or pipe 156, which regulates the amount of time the disinfectant is in contact with the wastewater.
  • the wastewater may then be passed to a filter 160 for removing any remaining suspended solids and other contaminants from the wastewater.
  • the filter 160 may be formed from two or more filters configured to enable removal and replacement of at least one of the filters 160 while the other filter remains operable, thereby reducing, or eliminating, downtime of the system 10.
  • the cleaned wastewater may be tested to determine if the wastewater meets applicable standards. If the wastewater does not meet the standards, the wastewater may be sent back through the system by passing the wastewater through the recirculation loop 162 to be cleaned by the system once again. This process may be completed as many times as necessary, although it is possible that a single pass is sufficient.
  • Solids, such as sludge, recovered from the wastewater at various stages in the system 10 may be handled in the solid waste treatment system 200.
  • the solids may be transported using the pump 202.
  • the solids may be stored in the buffer tank 204 and sent to the separator 206 to remove additional water from the solids. Any water recovered from the system 10 may be sent to the beginning of the system 10 to be processed.
  • Solid material in a dewatered form may be removed from the separator 206 and burned in the incinerator 208, thereby substantially reducing the amount of waste requiring storage.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de traitement des eaux usées destiné à évacuer de celles-ci des contaminants dans un récipient au moyen de l'électricité. Ce système peut injecter dans les eaux usées un ou plusieurs désinfectants ou gaz ionisés, ou les deux, pour en évacuer au moins une partie des contaminants. Les systèmes de traitement des eaux peuvent produire des désinfectants à partir d'eaux salées au moyen d'un ou de plusieurs générateurs de désinfectants (26) et renvoyer les sous-produits à un plan d'eau. Le système de traitement des eaux usées peut faire passer les eaux usées par une unité de coagulation électrique (50) dans laquelle un courant électrique peut être émis dans ces eaux usées, des floculants sont alors formés amenant les solides et autres matières à se déposer hors des eaux usées. Le système de traitement des eaux usées peut comporter un second système de traitement qui permet de réduire encore les concentrations de contaminants. De plus, le système de traitement des eaux usées peut comporter un système de traitement de déchets solides (208) permettant d'incinérer les matières solides résultant du système de traitement des eaux usées.
PCT/US2003/037510 2003-11-20 2003-11-20 Systeme de traitement des eaux usees WO2005061396A1 (fr)

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RU2744403C1 (ru) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-09 Алексей Сергеевич Горшков Способ приготовления питьевой воды
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US11246951B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2022-02-15 S. Edward Neister Method and apparatus for sterilizing and disinfecting air and surfaces and protecting a zone from external microbial contamination
US9700642B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2017-07-11 S. Edward Neister Method and apparatus for sterilizing and disinfecting air and surfaces and protecting a zone from external microbial contamination
US8753575B2 (en) 2005-01-31 2014-06-17 S. Edward Neister Method and apparatus for sterilizing and disinfecting air and surfaces and protecting a zone from external microbial contamination
WO2010040563A1 (fr) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-15 Entwicklungsges. Frank Mohr u. Gerhard Krüger, jun. Gbr Dispositif de purification et de séparation de matières destiné aux eaux usées, issues en particulier de l’exploitation du bétail
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US8975605B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-03-10 S. Edward Neister Method and apparatus for producing a high level of disinfection in air and surfaces
CN106421864A (zh) * 2009-01-29 2017-02-22 S·E·内斯特尔 用于在空气和表面中产生高水平消毒作用的改善的方法和设备
WO2010087831A1 (fr) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Neister Edward S Procédé et appareil améliorés pour produire un niveau élevé de désinfection dans l'air et sur des surfaces
ITUD20090117A1 (it) * 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Med Italia Srl Sistema di depurazione per liquidi e impianto attuativo
JP2012531303A (ja) * 2009-06-29 2012-12-10 プロターゴ インコーポレーテッド 排水の電気化学的処理のための装置および方法
FR2971432A1 (fr) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-17 Saur Installation pour traitement d'eau par flottation et procede associe
NL2012380A (nl) * 2014-03-07 2015-11-17 Beheer- En Beleggingsmaatschappij J H Van De Graaf B V Vaartuig voor geïntegreerde fysisch-chemische reiniging.
RU2744403C1 (ru) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-09 Алексей Сергеевич Горшков Способ приготовления питьевой воды

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