WO2005059063A1 - Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel - Google Patents
Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005059063A1 WO2005059063A1 PCT/ZA2004/000157 ZA2004000157W WO2005059063A1 WO 2005059063 A1 WO2005059063 A1 WO 2005059063A1 ZA 2004000157 W ZA2004000157 W ZA 2004000157W WO 2005059063 A1 WO2005059063 A1 WO 2005059063A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- paraffins
- hcci
- mass
- component
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) systems and to a process for producing such a fuel.
- HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
- the HCCI engine is a relatively new concept under development by several institutions and companies.
- the principle of HCCI combustion is that a dilute, premixed, homogenous mixture of fuel and air reacts and burns volumetrically throughout the cylinder as it is compressed by the piston. Combustion reactions start when the mixture reaches a sufficiently high temperature to autoignite. These reactions initiate at multiple locations simultaneously, proceed very quickly, and there is a complete absence of localized high-temperature regions or flame-fronts.
- HCCI combustion process seeks to combine the low nitrogen oxides (NOx exhaust emissions associated with the gasoline engine, with the high thermal efficiency associated with the diesel or compression ignition (CI) engine.
- CI compression ignition
- HCCI offers the potential for sootless combustion and very low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), together with an energy efficiency that can exceed that of the CI engine.
- a HCCI fuel which fuel includes at least n-paraffins and iso-paraffins, and which fuel has an ignition delay of less than 7 ms.
- the HCCI fuel may also be used as a fuel component.
- the fuel contains hydrocarbon species having from 7 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the fuel may be substantially cyclo-paraffins free.
- the fuel may have less than 5 mass%, typically less than 1 mass% cyclo-paraffins.
- the ignition delay is measured using the ASTM Method D6890 in a constant volume combustion bomb, Ignition Quality Tester (IQTTM )
- the ignition delay of the fuel may be less than 5 ms.
- the ignition delay of the fuel may be between 2 and 5 ms.
- the weight % of the n-paraffins may exceed that of any other single component in the fuel.
- the n-paraffins may be in excess of 25% by weight of the fuel
- the n-paraffins may be in excess of 50% by weight of the fuel.
- the n-paraffins may be in excess of 80% by weight of the fuel.
- the n-paraffins may be in the order of 95% by weight of the fuel.
- the n-paraffins may be Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction derived n-paraffins.
- FT Fischer-Tropsch
- the iso-paraffins may be FT reaction derived iso-paraffins.
- the fuel may include olefins.
- the HCCI fuel may include oxygenates.
- the HCCI fuel may be substantially sulphur free.
- the HCCI fuel may be substantially oxygenate free.
- the fuel may have an ASTM D86 distillation range from 90°C to 270°C.
- the fuel may include a lubricity improver or other fuel additives to make meeting product specifications possible.
- the fuel may be used as blending component with conventional fuel.
- the invention extends to a process for preparing a HCCI fuel or fuel component, which fuel or fuel component includes at least n-paraffins and iso-paraffins, which fuel has an ignition delay of less than 7 ms, said process including one or more steps selected from: a) hydrotreating at least a Condensate fraction of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction product, orj a derivative thereof; b) hydroconverting a Wax fraction of the FT synthesis product or a derivative thereof; c) fractionating in a single unit or in separate units, one or more of the hydrotreated Condensate fractions of step a) and the hydroconverted fraction of step b) to obtain the desired HCCI fuel or fuel component; and d) optionally, blending two or more of said components from step c) in a desired ratio to obtain the desired HCCI fuel.
- the hydroconversion may be by way of hydrocracking.
- the properties of the fuel made according to the process may be as disclosed above and elsewhere in the specification.
- step d) may be the blending of FT condensate derivative and hydroconverted FT wax derivative from 1 :99 to 99:1 by volume
- the >160°C fraction contains a considerable amount of hydrocarbon material, which boils higher than the normal naphtha range.
- the 160°C to 270°C fraction may be regarded as a light diesel fuel. This means that all material heavier than 270°C needs to be converted into lighter materials by means of a catalytic process often referred to as hydroprocessing, for example, hydrocracking.
- Catalysts for this step are typically of the bifunctional type; i.e. they contain sites active for cracking and for hydrogenation.
- Catalytic metals active for hydrogenation include group VIII noble metals, such as platinum or palladium, or a sulphided Group VIII base metals, e.g. nickel, cobalt, which may or may not include a sulphided Group VI metal, e.g. molybdenum.
- the support for the metals can be any refractory oxide, such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, vanadia and other Group III, IV, V and VI oxides, alone or in combination with other refractory oxides. Alternatively, the support can partly or totally consist of zeolite.
- the fuel might contain hydrocarbon species having from 7 to 14 carbon atoms and has been found to define unique characteristics with respect to vapour pressure and ignition delay . Moreover, the criteria also made consideration to the highly paraffinic nature of the fuel as well as the high linearity of the hydrocarbon species.
- the C7 to C14 carbon number range has been found to exclude hydrocarbons like pentane or hexane that have high vapour pressures. Adequate volatility is important to establish a homogeneous gaseous charge in the combustion chamber, with enough cetane character (propensity to auto-ignite) to effect the homogeneous ignition throughout the whole volume.
- the C7 to C14 carbon number range has been found to exclude hydrocarbons like n-hexadecane that conventionally has cetane number of 100.
- the cetane number of the HCCI fuel must not be too high and its ignition delay not too short to ensure controlled in-cylinder combustion.
- the ignition delay is a good indication of the elevated pressure, high temperature autoignition characteristics of the fuel and can be correlated to the distillation range and cetane number of the fuel, which in turn relate to its chemical composition.
- the conditions at which the ignition delay is determined in the IQTTM; at 22.4 bar air pressure and 565 °C, are comparable to the conditions that an HCCI fuel could experience in an HCCI engine, thus the ignition delay (ID) can be used as an appropriate yardstick for HCCI fuel ignition quality.
- ID the ignition delay
- the implications are that fuels with a high propensity for autoignition under compression will have short ignition delays (-2-4 ms), while fuels with increased resistance against autoignition (equivalent to high octane spark ignition gasoline) will have longer ignition delays (-7-11ms).
- FT fuels are virtually sulphur free, with lower levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, and the absence of these naturally occurring anti-oxidants represent a benefit when FT fuels are applied in HCCI engines. This results in FT fuels outperforming conventional fuels in terms of their propensity to autoignite under HCCI conditions.
- FIG. 1 A generic block diagram flow scheme is included as figure 1. The process options for all four classes of HCCI fuels are shown in a simple format. The following table 2 summarises the basic processing for these fuels and feeds.
- the production of the synthetic HCCI fuel components can be achieved following at least four process configurations.
- the selection of one for a specific plant is an exercise in process synthesis that demands additional site and market specific information.
- a first group of HCCI fuels - named SR FT in this description - can be produced by fractionation of a light synthetic FT hydrocarbon stream 10 in Distillation unit 1. The operation of this fractionation unit to the required product specification results in the group of products 11.
- a second group of HCCI fuels - named SR HT FT in this description - can be obtained from a light synthetic FT hydrocarbon stream 10 which is first hydrogenated in hydrogenation unit 2 to saturate the olefinic double bonds and remove the oxygen from the oxygenate species. Then the hydrogenated products can be fractionated in fractionation unit 3 to the required specification, obtaining the group of products 13.
- a third group of HCCI fuels - named HX FT in this description - can be obtained from a heavy synthetic FT hydrocarbon stream 14 which is hydrocracked in hydrocracking unit 4 to result in lighter saturated hydrocarbon species. Then the hydrocracked products can be fractionated in fractionation unit 5 to the required specification, obtaining the group of products 16.
- GTL gas to liquid
- non-HCCI hydrocarbon stream both lighter and heavier than the designed HCCI synthetic products.
- the former can be described as a light naphtha and the latter as a heavy diesel stream. These can be used in fuel and non-fuel applications. All fuels in any of these four groups can be used as blends components for final HCCI fuels.
- Table 3 contains the typical quality of synthetic FT HCCI fuels produced as described and conforming to the selected requirements.
- Table 4 shows a comparison between HT SR FT fuel and crude derived fuel.
- Table 3 Typical Quality of Synthetic FT HCCI Fuels
- Table 5 presents an example of the quality characteristics of blends of the C7- C9 GTL HCCI fuel with an equivalent Petroleum fraction. The benefits of including synthetic FT fuel in conventional blends are quite evident.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006545624A JP2007517094A (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for premixed compression ignition (HCCI) system and method for producing the fuel |
DE112004002457T DE112004002457T5 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Homogeneous Diesel Combustion System (HCCI) fuel and method of making this fuel |
AU2004298630A AU2004298630B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
CA002549927A CA2549927A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
GB0611828A GB2423996B (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
US10/583,391 US20090025279A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
BRPI0417299-0A BRPI0417299A (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for the production of said fuel |
ZA2006/04993A ZA200604993B (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2006-06-19 | Fuel for homogenous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
NO20063170A NO20063170L (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2006-07-07 | Fuel for homogeneously made compression ignition (HCCI) systems and a method of producing the fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US53142803P | 2003-12-19 | 2003-12-19 | |
ZA200309849 | 2003-12-19 | ||
ZA2003/9849 | 2003-12-19 | ||
US60/531,428 | 2003-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005059063A1 true WO2005059063A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
Family
ID=34704302
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ZA2004/000157 WO2005059063A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-17 | Fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) systems and a process for production of said fuel |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090025279A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007517094A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004298630B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0417299A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2549927A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112004002457T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2423996B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005059063A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200604993B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007091819A (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Nippon Oil Corp | Fuel for premixed compression autoignition engine |
EP2006361A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
EP2006359A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
EP2006365A2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Polyfunctional hydrocarbon oil composition |
US7487663B2 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2009-02-10 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co. | Method for selecting fuel to both optimize the operating range and minimize the exhaust emissions of HCCI engines |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005113733A1 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-12-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for controlling exhaust emissions from direct injection homogeneous charge compression ignition engines |
EP2077312A1 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-07-08 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Fuels for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion engine |
JP5188796B2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2013-04-24 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Fuel oil composition for premixed compression ignition engine and method for producing the same |
CN105441142B (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2017-09-15 | 周向进 | A kind of gasoline products of clean and effective environmental protection |
CA2933298C (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2024-01-02 | Phillips 66 Company | Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fuels |
US10246657B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2019-04-02 | Phillips 66 Company | Fuel blends for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines |
US9688928B2 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2017-06-27 | Phillips 66 Company | Processes for making homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fuel blends |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000060029A1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-12 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Process for producing synthetic naphtha fuel and synthetic naphtha fuel produced by that process |
US20030052041A1 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-20 | Southwest Research Institute | Fuels for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines |
EP1371715A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-17 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
FR2849052A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-25 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Preparation of fuel formulations for compression ignition engines to conform to the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode for use over wide speed or load conditions |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020020107A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-02-21 | Bailey Brent K. | Low molecular weight compression ignition fuel |
-
2004
- 2004-12-17 CA CA002549927A patent/CA2549927A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-17 DE DE112004002457T patent/DE112004002457T5/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-17 AU AU2004298630A patent/AU2004298630B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-17 JP JP2006545624A patent/JP2007517094A/en active Pending
- 2004-12-17 US US10/583,391 patent/US20090025279A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-17 WO PCT/ZA2004/000157 patent/WO2005059063A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-17 BR BRPI0417299-0A patent/BRPI0417299A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-17 GB GB0611828A patent/GB2423996B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-06-19 ZA ZA2006/04993A patent/ZA200604993B/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000060029A1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-12 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Process for producing synthetic naphtha fuel and synthetic naphtha fuel produced by that process |
US20030052041A1 (en) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-20 | Southwest Research Institute | Fuels for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines |
EP1371715A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-17 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
FR2849052A1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-06-25 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Preparation of fuel formulations for compression ignition engines to conform to the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode for use over wide speed or load conditions |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
TANAKA SHIGEYUKI ET AL: "Two-stage ignition in HCCI combustion and HCCI control by fuels and additives", COMBUSTION AND FLAME, vol. 132, no. 1-2, 1 January 2003 (2003-01-01), pages 219 - 239, XP002326337 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007091819A (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Nippon Oil Corp | Fuel for premixed compression autoignition engine |
EP2006361A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
EP2006359A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
EP2006365A2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-12-24 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Polyfunctional hydrocarbon oil composition |
EP2006365A4 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-04-20 | Nippon Oil Corp | Polyfunctional hydrocarbon oil composition |
EP2006359A4 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-07-20 | Nippon Oil Corp | Gas oil composition |
EP2006361A4 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2011-07-20 | Nippon Oil Corp | Gas oil composition |
US8624068B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2014-01-07 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
US8722947B2 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2014-05-13 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Gas oil composition |
US7487663B2 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2009-02-10 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co. | Method for selecting fuel to both optimize the operating range and minimize the exhaust emissions of HCCI engines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0611828D0 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
JP2007517094A (en) | 2007-06-28 |
DE112004002457T5 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
AU2004298630B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
ZA200604993B (en) | 2008-01-08 |
AU2004298630A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
US20090025279A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
CA2549927A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
GB2423996A (en) | 2006-09-13 |
BRPI0417299A (en) | 2007-03-13 |
GB2423996B (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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