WO2005052337A1 - Mode of work of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine (variants) - Google Patents

Mode of work of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine (variants) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005052337A1
WO2005052337A1 PCT/RU2004/000410 RU2004000410W WO2005052337A1 WO 2005052337 A1 WO2005052337 A1 WO 2005052337A1 RU 2004000410 W RU2004000410 W RU 2004000410W WO 2005052337 A1 WO2005052337 A1 WO 2005052337A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
change
air
chamber
exhaust
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PCT/RU2004/000410
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French (fr)
Inventor
Sergey Vladimirovich Nikishin
Original Assignee
Sergey Vladimirovich Nikishin
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Publication of WO2005052337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005052337A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • F02B47/08—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/02—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to oxygen-fed engines
    • F02D21/04—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to oxygen-fed engines with circulation of exhaust gases in closed or semi-closed circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F02B1/06—Methods of operating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention concerns to an engine building and can be used in mechanical engineering and motor industry.
  • Mode of work of a piston internal combustion engine (ICE) working on a cycle of the Diesel engine [1] is known, by separate compression of air and fuel, from ignition from compression, and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical burning in the cylindrical chamber of combustion.
  • the volume of air participating during burning is adjusted by quantity of fuel of combustion acting in the chamber.
  • This way has the following lack.
  • In modes of partial loadings the part of thermal energy to be spent for heating of air not participating during burning that results in increase of the charge of fuel of an ICE.
  • surplus of air in structure of a working mix results in increase in exhaust gases of harmful substances - oxides of nitrogen.
  • the ICE working on such way contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of fuel, the device for submission of air, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution.
  • This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE by the first variant.
  • the mode of work of a piston ICE working on cycle Otto [1] is known, by compression of a fuel-air mix, with ignition from an electric spark and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion.
  • the volume of a fuel-air mix participating during burning is adjusted by pressure decrease on an admission at change of position of a throttle valve or at change of time or heights of opening of the inlet valve.
  • the ICE using such way contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution, system of ignition.
  • This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE, by the second variant.
  • Mode of work of the piston ICE working on cycle Otto [2] is known, by compression of a fuel - air mix, with ignition from an electric spark and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion, and the volume of a fuel-air mix participating during burning is adjusted basically by shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet valves and in part by change of quantity of the rest in the chamber of combustion of exhaust gases (an internal recirculation) by shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves.
  • the ICE using such way contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution, the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet and exhaust valves, system of ignition.
  • This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE by the third variant.
  • Last mode of work is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of offered mode of work of an ICE.
  • the purpose of the present invention is reduction in the charge of fuel of an ICE in modes of partial loadings, owing to reduction of thermal or thermal both pump losses, and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases, by use in such operating modes of an ICE of the fuel mix close to stoichiometrical.
  • the specified purpose is achieved by that, that mode of work of piston ICE is offered, by compression of a fuel-air mix, with ignition from an electric spark, or separate compression of air and fuel, with ignition from compression, and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion, and the volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
  • To change quantity of exhausts gases of the rest in the chamber of combustion of an ICE probably in the various ways:
  • the offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 1 it is shown display diagrams of one of probable variants of application of offered mode of work of the ICE working on cycle Otto (dashed line), and the prototype (a continuous line).
  • the first variant of the ICE using the offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
  • the specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of air, the device for submission of fuel, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE, by the first variant, that in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of air in the chamber of combustion are established, by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
  • the offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 2 the basic circuit of one of probable variants of application of an offered ICE is shown.
  • the ICE by the first variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of air 3, the device for submission of fuel 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution 6, in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure 7, intended for regulation of volume of air in the chamber of combustion are established by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion of an ICE.
  • pressure of exhaust gases is possible to change quantity, the rest in the cylinder 2 ICE of exhaust gases in a stroke of exhaust, so also quantity of air acting in the cylinder 2 in an inlet stroke.
  • quantity of the exhaust gases having more a heat, than air will be maximal, that allows to lower, in comparison with the prototype, thermal losses on heating of air, having replaced a part of air which is not participating during burning, on exhaust gases. It allows, in comparison with the prototype in these operating modes of an ICE, to lower the charge of fuel and harmful substances in exhaust gases, by reduction of surplus of air in structure of a working mix.
  • the second variant of an ICE a using offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
  • the specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel - air mix or its parts, system of ignition, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE, by the second variant, that in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of a fuel - air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion are established by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
  • the offered invention is illustrated by the drawing where on figs 3 the basic circuit of one of possible variants of application of an offered ICE is shown.
  • the ICE by the second variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of a fuel - air mix or its parts 3, system of ignition 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution 6, in an exhaust system 5 one or several devices of change of the pressure 7, intended for regulation of volume of a fuel
  • the third variant of an ICE a using offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
  • the specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system of ignition, the system timings gas distribution containing the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) change of time and height of their opening, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE by the third variant, that the volume of a fuel- air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion, by change of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) time and height of their opening.
  • the offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 4 the basic circuit of one of possible variants of performance is shown.
  • the ICE by the third variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts 3, system of ignition 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution of 6 7 shifts of phases of opening containing the device and closings of inlet 8 and exhaust 9 valves and (or) changes of time and heights of their opening, distinguished by that, that the volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of exhaust gases of the rest in the chamber of combustion by change of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) time and height of their opening.
  • the return valve which is not allowing exhaust gases to get in an inlet path besides it allows to create stratification of a working mix and, by reduction in a zone of ignition in structure of a working mix or air of quantity of exhaust gases can be in addition established, to improve conditions of ignition of a working mix.
  • the return valve petal such as [7] can be used well-known in the technical literature.

Abstract

The invention relates to internal combustion engines. A mode of operation of the engine consists in that a volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) a volume of air in a chamber of combustion is adjusted by means of change of quantity of exhaust gases, which have stayed in the chamber of combustion. The internal combustion engine comprises a piston (1), a case (2), a device (3) for submission of air, a device (4) for submission of fuel, an exhaust system (5), a system (6) timings gas distribution. Therewith, in the exhaust system (5) there is installed one device (7) for change of pressure or several devices (7) for change of pressure in order to adjust a volume of air in the chamber of combustion by means of change of quantity of exhausted gases , which have stayed in the chamber of combustion. A return valve is mounted in an inlet tract. There are considered variants of engine with a submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts depending on the quantity of the exhausted gases and an adjustment of the exhausted gases by means of change of phases of opening and closing of inlet valves (8) and exhaust valves (9) and (or) by means of change of time and height of their opening. The invention provides with a reduction of fuel consumption in modes of fractional loads and a reduction of repugnant substances in exhaust gases.

Description

MODE OF WORK OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (VARIANTS)
The invention concerns to an engine building and can be used in mechanical engineering and motor industry. Mode of work of a piston internal combustion engine (ICE) working on a cycle of the Diesel engine [1] is known, by separate compression of air and fuel, from ignition from compression, and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical burning in the cylindrical chamber of combustion. Thus the volume of air participating during burning is adjusted by quantity of fuel of combustion acting in the chamber. This way has the following lack. In modes of partial loadings the part of thermal energy to be spent for heating of air not participating during burning that results in increase of the charge of fuel of an ICE. Besides surplus of air in structure of a working mix results in increase in exhaust gases of harmful substances - oxides of nitrogen. The ICE working on such way, contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of fuel, the device for submission of air, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution. This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE by the first variant.
The mode of work of a piston ICE working on cycle Otto [1] is known, by compression of a fuel-air mix, with ignition from an electric spark and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion. The volume of a fuel-air mix participating during burning is adjusted by pressure decrease on an admission at change of position of a throttle valve or at change of time or heights of opening of the inlet valve.
Lack it is a way increase of the charge of fuel of such engine in modes of partial loadings, owing to increase in pump losses is, at pressure decrease on an admission, and the thermal losses called by downturn of temperature of a working body in the chamber of combustion. Besides use in such modes of the fuel mix distinguished from stoichiometrical, results in increase in exhaust gases of harmful substances. The ICE using such way contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution, system of ignition.
This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE, by the second variant.
Mode of work of the piston ICE working on cycle Otto [2] is known, by compression of a fuel - air mix, with ignition from an electric spark and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion, and the volume of a fuel-air mix participating during burning is adjusted basically by shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet valves and in part by change of quantity of the rest in the chamber of combustion of exhaust gases (an internal recirculation) by shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves.
Lack it is a way increase of the charge of fuel of such engine in modes of partial loadings, owing to increase in pump losses is, at pressure decrease on an admission, and the thermal losses called by downturn of temperature of a working body in the chamber of combustion because the volume of the fuel - air mix participating during burning, is adjusted by change of quantity of the rest in the chamber of combustion of exhaust gases (an internal recirculation) only in part that does not allow to receive a mix with a maximum quantity of exhaust gases. Besides use in such modes of the fuel mix distinguished from stoichiometrical, results in increase in exhaust gases of harmful substances.
The ICE using such way contains, at least, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system timings gas distribution, the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet and exhaust valves, system of ignition.
This ICE is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of an offered ICE by the third variant.
Last mode of work is accepted as the prototype as the majority of its essential attributes coincide with attributes of offered mode of work of an ICE.
The purpose of the present invention is reduction in the charge of fuel of an ICE in modes of partial loadings, owing to reduction of thermal or thermal both pump losses, and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases, by use in such operating modes of an ICE of the fuel mix close to stoichiometrical.
The specified purpose is achieved by that, that mode of work of piston ICE is offered, by compression of a fuel-air mix, with ignition from an electric spark, or separate compression of air and fuel, with ignition from compression, and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion, and the volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion. To change quantity of exhausts gases of the rest in the chamber of combustion of an ICE probably in the various ways:
- Change of pressure in an exhaust system;
- By shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves, change of time and heights of their opening [2].
To carry out an offered way probably with the help various well-known in the technical literature of devices of change of pressure: the power valve [4], a throttle valve [1], various types of superchargers [5] and resonators.
Systems timings gas distribution with change of phases of opening and closing of valves are well-known in technique [6] can are executed in overhead camshaft performance or with electrocontrolled valves.
The offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 1 it is shown display diagrams of one of probable variants of application of offered mode of work of the ICE working on cycle Otto (dashed line), and the prototype (a continuous line).
The first variant of the ICE using the offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
The specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of air, the device for submission of fuel, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE, by the first variant, that in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of air in the chamber of combustion are established, by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
The offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 2 the basic circuit of one of probable variants of application of an offered ICE is shown.
The ICE by the first variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of air 3, the device for submission of fuel 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution 6, in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure 7, intended for regulation of volume of air in the chamber of combustion are established by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion of an ICE.
Let's consider job of an offered ICE by the example of the four-cycle engine with one device of change of pressure in an exhaust system.
1. An inlet stroke.
In the beginning of an inlet stroke owing to more high pressure the exhaust gases which have stayed in the cylinder 2 from previous cycle act through system timings gas distribution 6 in the device for submission of air 3 where mix up with air.
In the cylinder 2 ICE at inertial moving the piston 1 are created underpressure owing to what the charge of a mix of air and exhaust gases, through system timings gas distribution 6, acts in the cylinder 2. 2. A stroke of compression. After filling the cylinder with 2 mix of air to exhaust gases there is a compression of this mix by the piston 1. In process of reduction of volume the temperature and pressure of a mix raise. 3. A stroke of expansion. Injected with the help of the device for submission of fuel 4 at the end of a stroke of compression fuel, mixing up with the heated up mix, is ignited, owing to what the temperature and pressure of formed gases sharply grows. At expansion gases make useful job, moving the piston 1. 4. A stroke of exhaust. Products of combustion are pushed out from the cylinder 2 in an atmosphere through system timings gas distribution 6 and an exhaust system 5, thus the part of exhaust gases remains in the cylinder 2. Quantity of the rest in the cylinder of 2 exhaust gases in direct ratio to volume above the piston and to pressure in an exhaust system 5. Changing, with the help of the device of change of pressure 7 pressure of exhaust gases is possible to change their quantity, the rest in the cylinder 2
ICE.
Thus, changing, with the help of the device of change of pressure 7, pressure of exhaust gases is possible to change quantity, the rest in the cylinder 2 ICE of exhaust gases in a stroke of exhaust, so also quantity of air acting in the cylinder 2 in an inlet stroke. Thus in modes of partial loadings and idling the quantity of the exhaust gases having more a heat, than air, will be maximal, that allows to lower, in comparison with the prototype, thermal losses on heating of air, having replaced a part of air which is not participating during burning, on exhaust gases. It allows, in comparison with the prototype in these operating modes of an ICE, to lower the charge of fuel and harmful substances in exhaust gases, by reduction of surplus of air in structure of a working mix.
The second variant of an ICE a using offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
The specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel - air mix or its parts, system of ignition, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE, by the second variant, that in an exhaust system one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of a fuel - air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion are established by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
The offered invention is illustrated by the drawing where on figs 3 the basic circuit of one of possible variants of application of an offered ICE is shown.
The ICE by the second variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of a fuel - air mix or its parts 3, system of ignition 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution 6, in an exhaust system 5 one or several devices of change of the pressure 7, intended for regulation of volume of a fuel
- air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion are established by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
Let's consider job of an offered ICE by the example of the four-cycle engine with one device of change of pressure in an exhaust system and the device of submission of a fuel - air mix, for example the carburetor.
1. An inlet stroke.
In the beginning of an inlet stroke owing to more high pressure the exhaust gases which have stayed in the cylinder 2 from previous cycle, act through system timings gas distribution 6 in the device for submission of a fuel-air mix 3 where mix up a fuel-air mix.
In the cylinder 2 ICE at inertial moving the piston 1 are created underpressure owing to what the charge of a mix fuel-air and exhaust gases, through system timings gas distribution 6, acts in the cylinder 2. 2. A stroke of compression. After filling the cylinder with 2 fuel-air mix to exhaust gases there is a compression of this mix by the piston 1. In process of reduction of volume the temperature and pressure of a mix raise. 3. A stroke of expansion. The working mix is ignited by system of ignition 4 owing to what the temperature and pressure of formed gases sharply grows. At expansion gases make useful job, moving the piston 1. 4. A stroke of exhaust. Products of combustion are pushed out from the cylinder 2 in an atmosphere
Through system timings gas distribution 6 and an exhaust system 5, thus the part of exhaust gases remains in the cylinder 2. Quantity of the rest in the cylinder of exhaust gases in direct ratio to volume above the piston and to pressure in an exhaust system 5. Changing, with the help of the device of change of pressure 7 pressures of exhaust gases is possible to change their quantity, the rest in the cylinder 2 ICE. Thus, changing, with the help of the device of change of pressure 7 pressure of exhaust gases is possible to change their quantity, the ICE which have stayed in the cylinder, so also quantity of a fuel-air mix acting in the cylinder 2. Thus in modes of partial loadings and idling the quantity of the exhaust gases having more a heat, than air, will be maximal, that allows in comparison with the prototype, to lower thermal losses on heating of a working mix, having added to her hot exhaust gases and also to lower pump losses of figs. 1. It allows, in comparison with the prototype in these operating modes of an ICE, to lower the charge of fuel and harmful substances in exhaust gases, by use in such operating modes of an ICE of the working mix close to stoichiometrical.
The third variant of an ICE a using offered way, for reduction in the charge of fuel and reduction in harmful substances in exhaust gases in modes of partial loadings is offered.
The specified purpose is achieved by that, that the one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, an exhaust system, system of ignition, the system timings gas distribution containing the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) change of time and height of their opening, distinguished is offered to that to an ICE by the third variant, that the volume of a fuel- air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion, by change of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) time and height of their opening.
The offered invention is illustrated by the drawing, where on figs. 4 the basic circuit of one of possible variants of performance is shown.
The ICE by the third variant contains the piston 1 moving in the cylindrical case 2, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts 3, system of ignition 4, an exhaust system 5, system timings gas distribution of 6 7 shifts of phases of opening containing the device and closings of inlet 8 and exhaust 9 valves and (or) changes of time and heights of their opening, distinguished by that, that the volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of exhaust gases of the rest in the chamber of combustion by change of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) time and height of their opening.
Let's consider job of an offered ICE by the example of the four-cycle engine with the device of submission of a fuel-air mix, for example the carburetor, and the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves. 1. An inlet stroke. In the beginning of an inlet stroke owing to more high pressure the exhaust gases which have stayed in the cylinder 2 from previous cycle, act through the inlet valve of 8 systems timings gas distribution 6 in the device for submission of a fuel-air mix 3 where mix up a fuel-air mix.
In the cylinder 2 ICE at inertial moving the piston 1 are created underpressure owing to what the charge of a mix fuel-air and exhaust gases, through the inlet valve of 8 systems timings gas distribution 6, acts in the cylinder 2. 2. A stroke of compression. After filling the cylinder with 2 fuel-air mix to exhaust gases there is a compression of this mix by the piston 1. In process of reduction of volume the temperature and pressure of a mix raise. 3. A stroke of expansion. The working mix is ignited by system of ignition 4 owing to what the temperature and pressure of formed gases sharply grows. At expansion gases make useful job, moving the piston 1. 4. A stroke of exhaust. Products of combustion are pushed out from the cylinder 2 in an atmosphere through the exhaust valve of 9 systems timings gas distribution 6 and an exhaust system 5, thus the part of exhaust gases remains in the cylinder 2. Quantity of the rest in the cylinder of exhaust gases in direct ratio to volume above the piston and to pressure of exhaust gases in the cylinder 2 at the moment of closing the exhaust valve 9. Changing, with the help of the device 7 moment of closing of the exhaust valve 9 pressure of exhaust gases, so also is possible to change their quantity, the rest in the cylinder 2 ICE.
Thus, changing, with the help of the device 7 moment of closing of the exhaust valve 9, the quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the cylinder of an ICE from the previous cycle, so also is possible to change quantity of a fuel-air mix acting in the cylinder 2. Thus in the cylinder there is a lot of exhaust gases that allows, in comparison with the prototype in these operating modes of an ICE, to lower the charge of fuel and harmful substances in exhaust gases, by use in such operating modes of an ICE of the working mix close to stoichiometrical. In special cases of performance of an ICE by the first, second and third variant, for reduction in the thermal losses called by cooling of exhaust gases in an inlet path, the return valve which is not allowing exhaust gases to get in an inlet path besides it allows to create stratification of a working mix and, by reduction in a zone of ignition in structure of a working mix or air of quantity of exhaust gases can be in addition established, to improve conditions of ignition of a working mix.
As such return valve the return valve petal such as [7] can be used well-known in the technical literature.
In special cases of performance of an ICE by the third variant, for improvement of conditions of ignition of a working mix, with the help of the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet and exhaust valves and (or) changes of time and heights of their opening, decreases in a zone of ignition in structure of a working mix quantity of exhaust gases, owing to creation of conditions of stratification of a working mix. It is achieved by that, that by shift of a phase of opening of inlet valves or change of height of their opening, the quantity of the exhaust gases acting in the device for submission of a fuel - air mix decreases. Sources of the information:
1. OpjiMH A.C. KpymoB M.r. flBwraTeπn BHyτpeHHero cropaHna: YCTPOMCTBO M pa6oτa πopujHeBbix w KOMβnHnpoBaHHbix ABwraTeπeM. MocKBa: MaiiiMHθcτpoeHMe, 1980. - 570c.
2. Magazine « 3a pynewi » number of 2,1999 pages 46 - 47.
3. Magazine « 3a pyπewi » number of 6,2003 pages 86 - 88.
4. Magazine « 3a pynewi » number of 9,1997 pages 45 - 48.
5. Magazine « 3a pyπewi » number of 8,1997 pages 58 - 60.
6. Magazine « 3a pyπewi » number of 5,2003 pages 78 - 80.
7. The application for the invention of the Russian Federation Ns99127426, MI~IK F16K15/14, 2001.09.10.

Claims

The claims
1. Mode of work of piston internal combustion engines, by compression of a fuel-air mix, with ignition from an electric spark, or separate compression of air and fuel, with ignition from compression, and creation of conditions for transformation of chemical energy of burning of fuel in thermal with subsequent its transformation in mechanical in the cylindrical chamber of combustion, and volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
2. An internal combustion engine, by the first variant, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of air, the device for submission of fuel, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished by that, that in an exhaust system are established one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of air in the chamber of combustion, by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
3. An internal combustion engine on the item 2 distinguished by that, that in addition contains the return valve established in an inlet path.
4. An internal combustion engine by the second variant, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, system of ignition, an exhaust system, system the timings gas distribution, distinguished by that, that in an exhaust system are established one or several devices of change of the pressure, intended for regulation of volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion.
5. An internal combustion engine on the item 4 distinguished by that, that in addition contains the return valve established in an inlet path.
6. The internal combustion engine, by the third variant, an one-cylinder internal combustion engine containing, at least, the piston moving in the cylindrical case, the device for submission of a fuel-air mix or its parts, system of ignition, an exhaust system, the system timings gas distribution containing the device of shift of phases of opening and closing of inlet and exhaust valves and (or) change of time and height of their opening, distinguished by that, that volume of a fuel-air mix and (or) air in the chamber of combustion is adjusted by change of quantity of the exhaust gases which have stayed in the chamber of combustion, by change of phases of opening and closing of exhaust valves and (or) time and height of their opening.
PCT/RU2004/000410 2003-11-28 2004-10-18 Mode of work of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine (variants) WO2005052337A1 (en)

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RU2003134612/06A RU2003134612A (en) 2003-11-28 2003-11-28 METHOD FOR WORKING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (OPTIONS)
RU2003134612 2003-11-28

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU889878A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-12-15 Коломенский Филиал Всесоюзного Заочного Политехнического Института I.c.engine
GB2134596A (en) * 1983-02-04 1984-08-15 Fev Forsch Energietech Verbr Fresh charge intake quantity control in an internal combustion engine
GB2222632A (en) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-14 Ford Motor Co Pressure wave control of i.c. engine charging

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU889878A1 (en) * 1980-03-31 1981-12-15 Коломенский Филиал Всесоюзного Заочного Политехнического Института I.c.engine
GB2134596A (en) * 1983-02-04 1984-08-15 Fev Forsch Energietech Verbr Fresh charge intake quantity control in an internal combustion engine
GB2222632A (en) * 1988-09-09 1990-03-14 Ford Motor Co Pressure wave control of i.c. engine charging

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
MASHINOSTROENOE.: "Dvigateli stiringa.Pod.red.", 1977, MOSCOW, article M.G.KRYGLOVA. *
MOSCOW, VYSSHAYA SHKOLA.: "Avtomobilnye i traktornye dvgateli. Teoriya, sistemy pitaniya, konsatruktsii i raschet. Pod red. prof. I.M. Lenina.", 1969 *

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