Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D223/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D223/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D223/16—Benzazepines; Hydrogenated benzazepines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel salts of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyI]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, pharmaceutical formulations, processes for their preparation, and their use in medicine.
• the compound of formula (I) can be prepared by the reaction of 7-(4-fluoro- benzenesulfonyl)-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3-benzazepine with 4- chlorobenzyl alcohol in a suitable solvent, for example, tetrahydrofuran, in the presence of a base, for example, potassium terf-butoxide.
• hydrochloride salt of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl)-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine can be prepared by treatment of 7-[4-(4- chIorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl)-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/--3- benzazepine free base with ethereal hydrogen chloride and crystallisation from ethanol.
• the compound of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates are reported in WO 03/099786 to be useful as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders and schizophreniform diseases and other disorders such as psychotic depression (which term includes bipolar depression, unipolar depression, single or recurrent major depressive episodes with or without psychotic features, catatonic features, melancholic features, atypical features or postpartum onset, seasonal affective disorder and dysthymia, depressive disorders resulting from a general medical condition including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction, diabetes, miscarriage or abortion), anxiety disorders (which includes generalised anxiety and social anxiety disorder), mania, acute mania, paranoid and delusional disorders.
• psychotic depression which term includes bipolar depression, unipolar depression, single or recurrent major depressive episodes with or without psychotic features, catatonic features, melancholic features, atypical features or postpartum onset, seasonal affective
• the compound of formula (I) as a free base exists in multiple forms and all of those tested have been observed to be hygroscopic.
• the compound of formula (I) as the hydrochloride salt also exists in multiple forms and all of those tested have also been observed to be hygroscopic.
• This hygroscopicity affects the ease of handling of the compound of formula (I) under ambient conditions.
• the hygroscopicity affects the ability to accurately weigh the material, therefore control of atmospheric conditions, for example by use of a glove-box, are necessary to prevent the compound of formula (I) from absorbing water during procedures such as weighing out and formulation. It will be appreciated that it is vitally important to ensure consistent and accurate weight of active compound in a pharmaceutical composition.
• the present invention provides a novel salt of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl)-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepine selected from maleate and p- toluenesulfonate (hereinafter also referred to as "the maleate” and “the tosylate” respectively), which may be used as an alternative to either the free base or the hydrochloride salt of the compound of formula (I) for therapeutic administration or as an intermediate in the preparation of other salts.
• the invention also provides novel methods of preparation of these novel salts of the compound of formula (I) which are suitable for commercial use.
• the maleate and tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/-/-3-benzazepine are particularly suited to large scale preparation. Such processes may be for example efficient processes, economic processes or reproducible processes.
• the maleate and tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 - -3-benzazepine have improved stability over the free base and over the hydrochloride salt of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 - -3-benzazepine, particularly with respect to hygroscopicity.
• the maleate and tosylate salts of the compound of formula (I) may be easier to manufacture than the free base and the hydrochloride salt and may be advantageous in the preparation of certain pharmaceutical compositions.
• one or more chemical entities selected from 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/- -3-benzazepinium maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof.
• one or more chemical entities selected from 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof.
• the maleate is obtained as a solvate and such a solvate also forms one aspect of the present invention.
• the solvate may be a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate.
• Suitable solvates include hydrates, such as dihydrate, and acetic acid solvates.
• the tosylate may be obtained as_a solvate and such a solvate also forms one aspect of the present invention.
• the solvate may be a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate.
• Suitable solvates may include hydrates.
• the maleate and tosylate are each obtained as anhydrates.
• the anhydrate may contain less than 2% water, for example less than 1% water.
• the maleate and tosylate anhydrates independently demonstrate particular stability with respect to hygroscopicity and loss of water. Furthermore, the maleate and tosylate anhydrates demonstrate reversible changes when exposed to very high humidity.
• one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof in isolated form In a yet further aspect there is provided one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof which is substantially free of alternative salts, alternative solvates or free base of a compound of formula (I) or other impurity.
• one or more chemical entities selected from the tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof in isolated form In another aspect there is provided one or more chemical entities selected from the tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof which is substantially free of alternative salts, alternative solvates or free base of a compound of formula (I) or other impurity.
• substantially free of alternative salts, alternative solvates or free base of a compound of formula (I) or other impurity is meant containing less than 10%, for example less than 5%, such as less than 2%, of alternative salts, alternative solvates or free base of a compound of formula (l) or other impurity.
• other impurity includes any compound other than the compound of formula (I).
• the maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof may each be obtained in a non-crystalline or crystalline form.
• the tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof may each be obtained in a non-crystalline or crystalline form.
• a further aspect of the invention provides 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesu1fonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepinium(1:1) maleate having an X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 1.
• XRPD X-Ray powder diffraction
• the present invention also provides one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof and the tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof when admixed with other material, for example another polymorphic form of the compound of formula (I).
• the maleate salt of a compound of formula (I) may be prepared by contacting appropriate stoichiometric amounts of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine free base with maleic acid in a suitable solvent.
• the tosylate salt of a compound of formula (I) may be prepared by contacting appropriate stoichiometric amounts of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepine free base with p-toluenesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent.
• the free base of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine may for example be in solution with the appropriate acid added as a solid or both the free base of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r -3-benzazepine and the appropriate acid may independently be in solution.
• Suitable solvents for solubilising 7-[4-(4-chIorobenzyloxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine free base include for example alcohols such as ethanol, ketones such as acetone, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran. If the maleic acid or the p- toluenesulfonic acid are to each be added as a solution in a solvent, the solvent used may include acetone, ethanol, methanol, propan-2-ol or water.
• the concentration of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3- benzazepine free base may be for example in the range 3 to 25% weight/volume, such as in the range 5 to 15% weight/volume.
• the concentration of maleic acid or p- toluenesulfonic acid when used in solution may be for example in the range 0.5 to 5 molar. Elevated temperatures (for example up to the boiling point of the solvent used) may be used to increase the solubility of the free base and/or the acid.
• the maleate salt and the tosylate salt may each be isolated in solid form by conventional means from a solution thereof obtained as above.
• a non-crystalline salt may be prepared by precipitation from solution, spray drying or freeze drying of solutions, evaporating a solution to a glass, or vacuum drying of oils, or solidification of melts obtained from reaction of the free base and the acid.
• Crystalline maleate salt and crystalline tosylate salt may each be prepared by directly crystallising from a solvent in which the salt has limited solubility, or by triturating or otherwise crystallising a non-crystalline salt.
• 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/- -3- benzazepinium maleate may be recrystallised from a variety of organic solvents, such as acetone, acetonitrile, butanone, 1-butanol, ethanol, 1-propanol or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures of such solvents.
• An improved yield of the salts may be obtained by the evaporation of some or. all of the solvent or by crystallisation at elevated temperature followed by controlled cooling, for example in stages. Careful control of the precipitation temperature and seeding may be used to improve the reproducibility of the production process and the particle size distribution and form of the product.
• Individual polymorphs may be for example crystallized directly from a solution of the salt, although recrystallizing a solution of one polymorph using seeds of another polymorph may also be carried out.
• a process for the preparation of the maleate salt of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine comprising reacting 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzene- sulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepine free base with maleic acid in a suitable solvent, for example, ethanol.
• a process for the preparation of the tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine comprising reacting 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzene- sulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine free base with p- toluenesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent, for example, acetone.
• the compound of formula (I) may be prepared via the reaction of 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride or potassium fetif-butoxide, with a compound of formula (II), in a suitable solvent, for example dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran.
• a base for example sodium hydride or potassium fetif-butoxide
• a compound of formula (II) in a suitable solvent, for example dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran.
• Compounds of formula (II) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (III) with 4-fluorobenzenesuIfonyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid, for example, indium(lll) trifluromethanesulfonate, tin(ll) trifluromethanesulfonate, bismuth(lll) chloride, or indium(lll) chloride, or mixtures thereof, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in a suitable solvent, for example, trifluoroacetic acid and, optionally, a co-solvent, for example dichloromethane.
• a Lewis acid for example, indium(lll) trifluromethanesulfonate, tin(ll) trifluromethanesulfonate, bismuth(lll) chloride, or indium(lll) chloride, or mixtures thereof
• a suitable solvent for example, trifluoroacetic acid and, optionally, a co-solvent, for
• a compound of formula (III) may be prepared using methods as described in the literature, for example using the route as described in European Patent EP285287.
• 4-Chlorobenzyl alcohol and 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride may be prepared according to known methods and/or are commercially available.
• Maleic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid are commercially available.
• Solvates of the maleate salt and the tosylate salt may each be prepared by conventional means from a solution of the maleate or tosylate salt.
• the dihydrate of the maleate salt may be prepared by recrystallisation of the maleate salt from a mixture of ethanol and water, for example in a ratio of 1 :9.
• the acetic acid solvate of the maleate salt may be prepared by dissolving the maleate salt in a suitable quantity of acetic acid either at room temperature or elevated temperatures (for example up to the boiling point of the solvent used). Following dissolution of the salt, the resulting solution is allowed to stand at room temperature until crystallisation occurs.
• the phrase "the maleate salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof is intended to include either the maleate salt, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the maleate salt or mixtures of the maleate salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
• the phrase “the tosylate salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof is intended to include either the tosylate salt, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the tosylate salt or mixtures of the tosylate salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
• Figure I shows X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data obtained for the maleate prepared as described in Example 1.
• Example 1 The maleate as described in Example 1 is characterised by having an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 1.
• Figure 2 shows the Raman spectrum of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 --3-benzazepinium maleate prepared as described in Example 1.
• Figure 3 shows a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/--3- benzazepinium maleate prepared as described in Example 1.
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Figure 4 shows XRPD data obtained for the tosylate prepared as described in Example 2.
• Example 2 The tosylate as described in Example 2 is characterised by having an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 2.
• Figure 5 shows the Raman spectrum of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium tosylate prepared as described in Example 2.
• Figure 6 shows a DSC thermogram of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium tosylate prepared as described in Example 2.
• Figure 7 shows X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data obtained for 7-[4-(4-chloro- benzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate, dihydrate prepared as described in Example 3.
• XRPD X-Ray powder diffraction
• Example 3 The maleate, dihydrate as described in Example 3 is characterised by having an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 3.
• Figure 8 shows the Raman spectrum of 7-[4-(4-chIorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyI]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r-3-benzazepinium maleate, dihydrate prepared as described in Example 3.
• Figure 9 shows a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of 7-[4-(4-chloro- benzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate, dihydrate prepared as described in Example 3.
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Figure 10 shows X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data obtained for 7-[4-(4-chloro- benzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate, acetic acid solvate prepared as described in Example 4.
• XRPD X-Ray powder diffraction
• the maleate, acetic acid solvate as described in Example 4 is characterised by having an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 4.
• Figure 11 shows the Raman spectrum of 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 V-3-benzazepinium maleate, acetic acid solvate prepared as described in Example 4.
• Figure 12 shows a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermogram of 7-[4-(4-chloro- benzyloxy).benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 -/-3-benzazepinium maleate, acetic acid solvate prepared as described in Example 4.
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• the present invention also provides the anhydrous maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 - -3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern substantially as illustrated in Figure I.
• the present invention further provides the anhydrous maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 1.
• the present invention also provides the anhydrous tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern substantially as illustrated in Figure 4.
• the present invention further provides the anhydrous tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 2.
• the present invention also provides the dihydrate of the maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chIorobenzyloxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern substantially as illustrated in Figure 7.
• the present invention further provides the dihydrate of the maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 3.
• the present invention also provides the acetic acid solvate of the maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern substantially as illustrated in Figure 10.
• the present invention further provides the acetic acid solvate of the maleate salt of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine characterised in that it provides an XRPD pattern with signals substantially as listed in Table 4.
• D 2 receptors are useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions. These salts have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D 3 than for D 2 receptors.
• antipsychotic agents neuroroleptics
• eps extrapyramidal side effects
• blockade of the dopamine D 3 receptor may give rise to beneficial antipsychotic activity without significant eps (see for example Sokoloff et al, Nature, 1990; 347: 146-151 ; and Schwartz et al,
• the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof are of use in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
• the invention provides one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-ChIorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof for use in therapy.
• the invention provides one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1f7-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof for use in the treatment of a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor.
• the invention provides one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof for use in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
• the invention provides the use of one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor.
• the invention provides the use of one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of psychotic disorders.
• the invention provides a method of treating a condition which requires modulation of a dopamine receptor, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1/--3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.
• the invention provides a method of treating psychotic disorders which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of one or more chemical entities selected from the maleate and tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 --3- benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.
• psychotic disorder includes :-
• Schizophrenia including the subtypes Paranoid Type (295.30), Disorganised Type (295.10), Catatonic Type (295.20), Undifferentiated Type (295.90) and Residual Type (295.60); Schizophreniform Disorder (295.40); Schizoaffective Disorder (295.70) including the subtypes Bipolar Type and Depressive Type; Delusional Disorder (297.1) including the subtypes Erotomanic Type, Grandiose Type, Jealous Type, Persecutory Type, Somatic Type, Mixed Type and Unspecified Type; Brief Psychotic Disorder (298.8); Shared Psychotic Disorder (297.3); Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition including the subtypes With Delusions and With Hallucinations; Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder including the subtypes With Delusions (293.81) and With Hallucinations (293.82); and Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (298.9).
• the maleate and tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 -/-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof may also be of use in the treatment of the following disorders:- Depression and mood disorders including Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode, Mixed Episode and Hypomanic Episode; Depressive Disorders including Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder (300.4), Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (311); Bipolar Disorders including Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder (Recurrent Major Depressive Episodes with Hypomanic Episodes) (296.89), Cyclothymic Disorder (301.13) and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (296.80); Other Mood Disorders including Mood Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition (293.83) which includes the subtypes With Depressive Features, With Major Depressive-like Episode, With Manic Features and With Mixed Features), Substance-Induced
• Anxiety disorders including Social Anxiety Disorder, Panic Attack, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder (300.22), Specific Phobia (300.29) including the subtypes Animal Type, Natural Environment Type, Blood-lnjection- Injury Type, Situational Type and Other Type), Social Phobia (300.23), Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (300.3), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (309.81), Acute Stress Disorder (308.3), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02), Anxiety Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition (293.84), Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder and Anxiety Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (300.00) :
• Substance-related disorders including Substance Use Disorders such as Substance Dependence, Substance Craving and Substance Abuse; Substance-Induced Disorders such as Substance Intoxication, Substance Withdrawal, Substance-Induced Delirium, Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia, Substance-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder, Substance-Induced Mood Disorder, Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder, Substance-Induced sexual Dysfunction, Substance- Induced Sleep Disorder and Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks); Alcohol-Related Disorders such as Alcohol Dependence (303.90), Alcohol Abuse (305.00), Alcohol Intoxication (303.00), Alcohol Withdrawal (291.81), Alcohol Intoxication Delirium, Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia, Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder, Alcohol
• Eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (307.1) including the subtypes Restricting Type and Binge-Eating/Purging Type; Bulimia Nervosa (307.51) including the subtypes Purging Type and Nonpurging Type; Obesity; Compulsive Eating Disorder; and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (307.50):
• Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder including the subtypes Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Combined Type (314.01), Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Type (314.00), Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Hyperactive-Impulse Type (314.01) and Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (314.9); Hyperkinetic Disorder; Disruptive Behaviour Disorders such as Conduct Disorder including the subtypes childhood-onset type (321.81), Adolescent-Onset Type (312.82) and Unspecified Onset (312.89), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (313.81) and Disruptive Behaviour Disorder Not Otherwise Specified; and Tic Disorders such as Tourette's Disorder (307.23):
• Personality Disorders including the subtypes Paranoid Personality Disorder (301.0), Schizoid Personality Disorder (301.20), Schizotypal Personality Disorder (301,22), Antisocial Personality Disorder (301.7), Borderline Personality Disorder (301,83), Histrionic Personality Disorder (301.50), Narcissistic Personality Disorder (301,81), Avoidant Personality Disorder (301.82), Dependent Personality Disorder (301.6), Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder (301.4) and Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (301.9):
• Enhancement of cognition including the treatment of cognition impairment in other diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, other psychiatric disorders and psychotic conditions associated with cognitive impairment, e.g. Alzheimer's disease: and
• Sexual dysfunctions including sexual Desire Disorders such as Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (302.71), and sexual Aversion Disorder (302.79); sexual arousal disorders such as Female sexual Arousal Disorder (302.72) and Male Erectile Disorder (302.72); orgasmic disorders such as Female Orgasmic Disorder (302.73), Male Orgasmic Disorder (302.74) and Premature Ejaculation (302.75); sexual pain disorder such as Dyspareunia (302.76) and Vaginismus (306.51); sexual Dysfunction Not Otherwise Specified (302.70); paraphilias such as Exhibitionism (302.4), Fetishism (302.81), Frotteurism (302.89), Pedophilia (302.2), sexual Masochism (302.83), sexual Sadism (302.84), Transvestic Fetishism (302.3), Voyeurism (302.82) and Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified (302.9); gender identity disorders such as Gender Identity Disorder in Children (302.6) and Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents or Adults (302.85); and Sexual Disorder Not
• Treatment includes prophylaxis, where this is appropriate for the relevant condition(s).
• one or more chemical entities selected from maleate and tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepine and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof according to the invention may advantageously be used in conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for instance, 5HT 3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), non-selective reuptake inhibitors of one or more of serotonin, noradrenaline and norepinephrine, CRF-1 antagonists, tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H 3 antagonists, 5HT- I A antagonists, 5HT IB antagonists, 5HT 1 antagonists, 5HT 4 partial
• the compounds of the combination or composition may be administered simultaneously (either in the same or different pharmaceutical formulations), separately or sequentially.
• Suitable 5HT 3 antagonists which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-ChlorobenzyIoxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1f7"-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from ondansetron, granisetron and metoclopramide.
• Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1r/-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine and metoclopramide.
• Suitable SSRls which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4- (4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r ⁇ '-3- benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline and zimeldine.
• Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4- (4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 -/-3- benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from venlafaxine and reboxetine.
• Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-ChlorobenzyIoxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
• Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from bupropion and amineptine.
• Suitable anticonvulsant agents which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1ry-3-benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from divalproex, carbamazepine and diazepam.
• Suitable NSAID agents which may be used in combination with the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3- benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example one or more chemical entities selected from ibuprofen, aspirin and its active metabolite salicylate.
• COX-2 inhibitors which may be used in combination of the maleate or tosylate salt of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof include for example rofecoxib (available under the tradename VIOXX®, from Merck, US patent number 5,474,995); celecoxib (available under the tradename CELEBREX®, from Pfizer, US patent number 5,466,823); valdecoxib (available under the tradename BEXTRA®, from Pfizer, US patent number 6,633,272); etoricoxib (available under the tradename ARCOXIA®, from Merck, US patent number 5,861,419); lumiracoxib (available under the tradename PREXIGE®, from Novartis); paracoxib (US patent number 5,932,598); COX- 189 from
• maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine and their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates are also suitable for combination with other typical and atypical antipsychotics to provide improved treatment of psychotic disorders.
• Particular advantages associated with the combinations, uses and methods of treatment of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4- (4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates include equivalent or improved efficacy at doses of administration which are lower than those commonly used for the individual components. Improved treatments of positive symptoms and/or negative symptoms and/or cognitive symptoms of the psychotic disorder may also be observed.
• the combinations, uses and methods of treatment of the invention may also provide advantages in treatment of patients who fail to respond adequately or who are resistant to treatment with certain antipsychotic agents (also known as neuroleptic agents).
• adjunctive administration is meant the coterminous or overlapping administration of each of the components in the form of separate pharmaceutical compositions or devices.
• This regime of therapeutic administration of two or more therapeutic agents is referred to generally by those skilled in the art and herein as adjunctive therapeutic administration; it is also known as add-on therapeutic administration.
• a patient receives separate but coterminous or overlapping therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 --3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and at least one antipsychotic agent are within the scope of the current invention.
• a patient is typically stabilised on a therapeutic administration of one or more of the components for a period of time and then receives administration of another component.
• the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates may be administered as adjunctive therapeutic treatment to patients who are receiving administration of at least one antipsychotic agent, but the scope of the invention also includes the adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent to patients who are receiving administration of the maleate or tosylate salt of the compound of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof.
• the combination therapies of the invention may also be administered simultaneously.
• simultaneous administration is meant a treatment regime wherein the individual components are administered together, either in the form of a single pharmaceutical composition or device comprising or containing both components, or as separate compositions or devices, each comprising one of the components, administered simultaneously.
• Such combinations of the separate individual components for simultaneous combination may be provided in the form of a kit-of-parts.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1fy-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent.
• the invention provides the use of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent.
• the invention further provides the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 --3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- ChlorobenzyIoxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
• the invention provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-ChIorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonylj-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
• the invention further provides at least one antipsychotic agent for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in combination with at least one antipsychotic agent.
• the invention further provides the use of a combination of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 -/-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
• the invention further provides the use of the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
• the invention further provides the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
• the invention further provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 7-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
• the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-ChlorobenzyIoxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1A/-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 Y-3-benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4- Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8
• the invention provides a kit-of-parts for use in the treatment of a psychotic disorder comprising a first dosage form comprising the maleate or tosylate salts of 7-[4-(4-ChIorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepine or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and one or more further dosage forms each comprising an antipsychotic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration.
• antipsychotic drugs examples include, but are not limited to: butyrophenones, such as haloperidol, pimozide, and droperidol; phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, thiflupromazine, prochlorperazine, and acetophenazine; thioxanthenes, such as thiothixene and chlorprothixene; thienobenzodiazepines; dibenzodiazepines; benzisoxazoles; dibenzothiazepines; irnidazolidinones ; benziso- thiazolyl-piperazines; triazine such as lamotrigine; dibenzoxazepines, such as loxapine; dihydroindolones, such as molindone; a
• tradenames and suppliers of selected antipsychotic drugs that are suitable for use in the present invention are as follows : clozapine (available under the tradename CLOZARIL®, from Mylan, Zenith Goldiine, UDL, Novartis); olanzapine (available under the tradename ZYPREXA®, from Lilly ; ziprasidone (available under the tradename GEODON®, from Pfizer); risperidone (available under the tradename RISPERDAL®, from Janssen); quetiapine fumarate (available under the tradename SEROQUEL®, from AstraZeneca); sertindole (available under the tradename SERLECT®); amisulpride (available under the tradename SOLION®, from Sanofi-Synthelabo); haloperidol (available under the tradename HALDOL®, from Ortho-McNeil); haloperidol decanoate (available under the tradename HALDOL decanoate
• antipsychotic drugs include promazine (available under the tradename SPARINE®), triflurpromazine (available under the tradename VESPRIN®), chlorprothixene (available under the tradename TARACTAN®), droperidol (available under the tradename INAPSINE®), acetophenazine (available under the tradename TINDAL®;), prochlorperazine (available under the tradename COMPAZINE®), methotrimeprazine (available under the tradename NOZINAN®), pipotiazine (available under the tradename PIPOTRIL®), iloperidone, pimozide and flupenthixol.
• promazine available under the tradename SPARINE®
• triflurpromazine available under the tradename VESPRIN®
• chlorprothixene available under the tradename TARACTAN®
• droperidol available under the tradename INAPSINE®
• acetophenazine available under the tradename TINDAL®
• suitable antipsychotic agents include olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, haloperidol, clozapine, ziprasidone and osanetant.
• 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate or tosylate or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof are usually administered as a standard pharmaceutical composition.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be for use in the treatment of any of the conditions described herein.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more chemical entities selected from 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 /-3- benzazepinium maleate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more chemical entities selected from 7-[4-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)- benzenesuIfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1/-/-3-benzazepinium tosylate and a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3- benzazepinium maleate or tosylate or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof in a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
• the formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring or colouring agent.
• a composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
• a composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures.
• pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
• Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of 7-[4-(4- chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r7 , -3- benzazepinium maleate or tosylate or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
• the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
• compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders.
• Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non-aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device.
• the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted.
• the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as a fluorochloro- hydrocarbon.
• the aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
• compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
• a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
• compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
• compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
• the composition is suitably in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
• the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more.
• the sulfonic acid from part (a) was dissolved in thionyl chloride (75 mL) and the solution refluxed for 30 minutes. After cooling, the solution was evaporated to dryness to afford the title sulfonyl chloride which was used directly in the next step.
• the sulfonyl chloride from part (b) was dissolved in acetonitrjle (500 mL) and potassium fluoride (37 g, 625 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (1 crystal) added. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours, then quenched with cold aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution until the pH equalled 8. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate, washed with bicarbonate solution then brine, dried and evaporated to afford the sulfonyl fluoride (D1) (25 g).
• Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (2.2 mL, 25 mmol) was added to a mixture of 7-methoxy-3- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepinium trifluoroacetate (5 g, 16.4 mmol), 4- fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (4.8 g, 25 mmol), and indium(lll) chloride (0.36 g, 1.6 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) at ambient temperature, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 7 hours then cooled and diluted with dichloromethane (25 mL) followed by water (15 mL) whilst maintaining the temperature below 20°C.
• the pH was adjusted to 2 by the addition of 40% w/v aqueous sodium hydroxide (15 mL) and the phases separated. Water (10 mL) was added, followed by 10% w/v aqueous sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 10. The phases were separated and the organic phase washed with water (15 rnL), dried (MgSO 4 ) and filtered. The filtrate was diluted with isopropyl acetate (35 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residual volume of 15 mL and stirred at ambient temperature to crystallise the product.
• Table 1 X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD) angles and d spacings for 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyl- oxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate. Peaks with relative intensities greater than 5% are recorded.
• Table 2 XRPD angles and d spacings for 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r -3-benzazepinium tosylate. Peaks with relative intensities greater than 5% are recorded.
• Table 3 XRPD angles and d spacings for 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium maleate, dihydrate Peaks with relative intensities greater than 5% are recorded.
• Table 4 XRPD angles and d spacings for 7-[4-(4-Chlorobenzyloxy)benzenesulfonyl]-8- methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1r/-3-benzazepinium maleate, acetic acid solvate
• X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis was performed on a Phillips X'pert Pro powder diffractometer, using an X'Celerator detector.
• the acquisition conditions were; radiation: Cu K ⁇ , generator tension: 40 kV, generator current: 45mA, start angle: 2.0 °2 ⁇ , end angle: 40.0 °2 ⁇ , step size: 0.0167 °2 ⁇ , time per step: 31.75 seconds.
• the samples of maleate and tosylate were prepared using backfill technique.
• the samples of maleate, dihydrate and acetic acid solvate were prepared using silicon wafer technique.
• Raman Spectroscopy Raman spectra were recorded in an NMR tube using a Nicolet 960 E.S.P. FT-Raman spectrometer, at 4 cm -1 resolution with excitation from a Nd:VO 4 laser (1064 nm) with a power output of 400mW. An absolute threshold of 0.5 and sensitivity of 65% were applied for the purpose of peak selection.
• DSC thermograms for the maleate and tosylate were recorded using a Perkin Elmer Diamond DSC.
• DSC thermograms for the maleate, dihydrate and acetic acid solvate were recorded using a Thermal Analysis DSC Q1000. The sample was heated at 10 °C min "1 in an open pan.

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