WO2005041455A1 - Detection de contenus video - Google Patents
Detection de contenus video Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005041455A1 WO2005041455A1 PCT/IB2003/050031 IB0350031W WO2005041455A1 WO 2005041455 A1 WO2005041455 A1 WO 2005041455A1 IB 0350031 W IB0350031 W IB 0350031W WO 2005041455 A1 WO2005041455 A1 WO 2005041455A1
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- fingerprint data
- audio fingerprint
- data item
- video
- content
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/56—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54
- H04H60/58—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54 of audio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/10—Arrangements for replacing or switching information during the broadcast or the distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/90—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of signatures
Definitions
- the invention relates to the detection of content, e.g. commercials, in multimedia signals such as multimedia data streams.
- PVR personal video recorder
- An electronic program guide is an application used with digital set-top boxes, modern television sets, video recorders, etc. in order to list current and scheduled programs that are or will be available on each channel together with a short summary or commentary for each program.
- EPG electronic program guide
- an EPG is accessed using a remote control device.
- Menus are provided that allow the user to view a list of programs scheduled for the next few hours up to the next seven days.
- a typical EPG includes options to set parental controls, to order pay- per-view programming, to search for programs based on theme or category, and to set up a VCR to record programs.
- an EPG may be used, sometimes in combination with the personal preferences or profile of the user, to (automatically) schedule recordings of programs selected from a wide range of television channels.
- This approach of recording television broadcasts has emerged, because of the random accessibility of hard disc drives, thereby creating a number of interesting possibilities, such as the simultaneous recording and playback of programs, the simultaneous recording of multiple programs, etc.
- the huge storage capacity of current hard disk drives and the availability of consumer priced video encoders are of key importance as well.
- the broadcaster decides to broadcast a program of interest to the user, e.g. as defined by a stored preference list, a user profile, or the like, the PVR is not able to record it unless it is specifically added to the EPG.
- EPGs are rarely up-to-date to the last minute, because they are often compiled by a third party, i.e. not necessarily the broadcaster, or the PVR box manufacturer.
- the updating process typically takes place via a dial-up connection, i.e. it is only updated periodically.
- Another complication is the fact that many broadcasters are still broadcasting their programs using analog technologies. Consequently, the start and ending of programs are not explicitly or incorrectly signaled by the broadcaster.
- a system that can detect commercials may allow substitute advertisements to be inserted in a video stream ("commercial swapping") or temporary halting of the video at the end of a commercial to prevent a user, momentarily distracted during a commercial, from missing any of the main program content.
- a robust and efficient method of identifying content in a multimedia signal is provided.
- a method is provided for robustly recognizing the specific content of the received multimedia signal, e.g. the start or finish of a specific television program, such as a specific television show, a specific news program, the start or finish of commercials, or the like.
- multimedia signals comprise a video part representing (moving) pictures and an audio part representing the associated audio content.
- the visual content and the audio content may be encoded in a multimedia signal by a number of different encoding schemes.
- the multimedia signal may represent a sequence of picture frames that are grouped into blocks, where each block comprises a number of frames and the associated audio data.
- MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
- multimedia signal refers to an analog or digital signal or data comprising the actual video content and the associated audio content to be presented together, preferably synchronized, with the video content.
- the data representing the video content alone will be referred to as video data, while the data representing the audio content will be referred to as audio data.
- the audio fingerprints provide a particularly reliable method of recognizing specific content in a multimedia signal. For example, it has been observed that e.g. audio trailers of news programs, television shows, etc., remain unchanged over long periods of time and, therefore, they provide a reliable source for recognizing these programs.
- the term audio fingerprint comprises any suitable method of extracting robust features from audio data indicative of the audio content in such data, and storing the extracted features in a compact form.
- an audio fingerprint is a representation of the corresponding audio content in question.
- the fingerprint is shorter than the original audio signal.
- the fingerprint represents the most relevant perceptual features of the audio signal in question.
- Such fingerprints are sometimes also known as "robust hashes".
- robust hashes refers to a hash function which, to a certain extent, is robust with respect to data processing and signal degradation, e.g. due to compression/decompression, coding, AD/DA conversion, etc.
- Robust hashes are sometimes also referred to as robust summaries, robust signatures, or perceptual hashes.
- the term content element comprises any fragment of a video program, e.g. a trailer, a leader, a jingle, or the like.
- a content element may further comprise the entire content of a video program, e.g. an entire commercial, or the like.
- the'audio fingerprints of a large number of video programs are stored, e.g. in a database.
- the content in a multimedia signal is recognized by computing an audio fingerprint of the associated audio content and by performing a lookup or query in the database using the computed fingerprint as a lookup key or query parameter. It is understood that more than one fingerprint may be associated with a given content element.
- the reference audio fingerprints may be stored in a database locally in the device, e.g. a PVR, thereby allowing efficient content identification by the device without the need for establishing a communications link to a remote fingerprint server.
- the matching of the computed fingerprints against reference fingerprints may be done at a remote location, for example on a server connected to the Internet.
- the client device computes the fingerprint and sends it to the server, which returns a content identifier.
- a combination of a remote and a local database may be used too, e.g. for supplementing a remote database with a personal local database of fingerprints related to content of personal interest of the user.
- the extracted fingerprint data items may be added to the set of reference audio fingerprint data items, e.g. subject to an approval by a user, thereby gradually extending the set of reference audio fingerprints.
- the method further comprises:
- the audio fingerprint data items are stored along with a video content identifier, i.e. an identification of their respective content, e.g. the title of the program, a number identifying the program, or the like. Accordingly, a lookup in the database returns the stored video content identifier indicative of the content of the recorded video program.
- a video content identifier i.e. an identification of their respective content, e.g. the title of the program, a number identifying the program, or the like.
- the method further comprises:
- a predetermined part of a video program may comprise the entire program.
- the method further comprises: [37] - comparing the generated audio fingerprint data item with at least one previously generated audio fingerprint data item to generate viewing frequency information indicative of a number of times a corresponding content element has previously been presented to a user; and
- the PVR can compile a 'hot list' of frequently occurring audio fingerprint information derived from the recorded programs that are previously stored/recorded onto the hard disk of the PVR. Using this hot list, the PVR can automatically record such programs in the future, even for programs and channels that do not have an entry associated with them in the EPG. At the same time this information as derived from the contents stored on the hard disk of the PVR can be used to improve the profile of the user.
- such a list of frequently occurring fingerprints may be used to trigger other types of decisions, e.g. to control the PVR not to record the video content corresponding to selected ones of the frequent fingerprints, as they may relate to commercials or the like.
- the audio fingerprints are calculated for certain characteristic parts of a video program only, e.g. leaders and/or trailers of video programs, thereby reducing the amount of data that has to be calculated, stored, and compared.
- the method further comprises controlling a video recording device in response to the retrieved video content identifier.
- the method of identifying content in a multimedia signal according to the invention is combined with other commercial detection algorithms, thereby significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of existing algorithms.
- Usually commercial blocks are separated from the normal program by a leader and trailer that signal the start and end of these blocks, respectively. Since these leaders and trailers only rarely change (typically at most once a season) they are well suited for identification by the audio fingerprinting according to the invention.
- the method further comprises communicating information about the detected content element to a remote data processing system.
- the invention provides a mechanism for providing feedback information about the viewed programs by the user of a PVR to a third party.
- the present invention can be implemented in different ways including the method described above and in the following, further methods and arrangements, a video recorder, and further product means, each yielding one or more of the benefits and advantages described in connection with the first-mentioned method, and each having one or more preferred embodiments corresponding to the preferred embodiments described in connection with the first-mentioned method and disclosed in the dependant claims.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of recording a video program by a video recording device.
- One of the interesting features of modern PVRs is the possibility of a pre-programmed recording of a series of programs, e.g. a complete set of episodes of a television series.
- programs do not always start and stop exactly at the times indicted in the (electronic) program guide. This can be caused by a number of different reasons, such as cancellation, delays or radio interference.
- programs may be longer than anticipated, e.g. due to inserted news flashes or extra-time in sports broadcasts.
- Such unannounced content can nevertheless be very interesting to the users. Examples of such unannounced content include news flashes, weather forecasts and stock market updates that might be broadcasted at random intervals during the day (without explicitly being listed in the EPG).
- the first-mentioned method may be used in a PVR as a tool to provide feedback information about the viewed programs by the user of the PVR to a third party.
- the method may be applied as a tool to market products offered in commercials or during regular programs, thereby enabling e-commerce applications.
- the invention relates to a method of communicating information about a content element of a video program , the method comprising:
- [60] receiving an audio fingerprint data item generated by a device for presenting multimedia content, the audio fingerprint data item representing a predetermined content element of the presented multimedia content;
- the user can initiate that an audio fingerprint data item is sent back to the provider of the television program or to a third party, thereby showing his/her interest in this item.
- an audio fingerprint data item is sent back to the provider of the television program or to a third party, thereby showing his/her interest in this item.
- the transaction can be limited to be performed between the end-user and the third party, e.g. via the Internet or another communications channel, e.g. a telecommunications link.
- the features of the methods described above and in the following may be implemented in software and carried out in a data processing system or other processing means caused by the execution of computer-executable instructions.
- the instructions may be program code means loaded in a memory, such as a RAM, from a storage medium or from another computer via a computer network.
- the described features may be implemented by hardwired circuitry instead of software or in combination with software.
- the invention further relates to an arrangement for detecting content in a multimedia signal, the arrangement comprising:
- [69] - processing means adapted to compare the determined audio fingerprint data item with at least one of a number of reference audio fingerprint data items each related to a corresponding content element and, if at least a first one of the number of reference audio fingerprint data items is identified to correspond to the determined audio fingerprint data item, to identify the corresponding related content element as detected.
- processing means comprises general- or special-purpose programmable microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), special purpose electronic circuits, etc., or a combination thereof.
- DSP Digital Signal Processors
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- PDA Programmable Logic Arrays
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- special purpose electronic circuits etc., or a combination thereof.
- Examples of storage means include magnetic tape, optical disc, digital video disk (DVD), compact disc (CD or CD-ROM), mini-disc, hard disk, floppy disk, ferroelectric memory, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, EPROM, read only memory (ROM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), ferromagnetic memory, optical storage, charge coupled devices, smart cards, PCMCIA card, etc.
- DVD digital video disk
- CD or CD-ROM compact disc
- mini-disc hard disk
- floppy disk ferroelectric memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
- flash memory EPROM
- ROM read only memory
- SRAM static random access memory
- DRAM dynamic random access memory
- SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
- ferromagnetic memory optical storage, charge coupled devices, smart cards, PCMCIA card, etc.
- the arrangement may further comprise means for providing a number of reference audio fingerprint data items.
- Such means may comprise storage means for storing such data items, communications means for receiving such data items, or any other circuitry or device suitable for providing such data items.
- the means for providing a multimedia signal may comprise any circuitry or device for receiving a multimedia signal, such as a receiver, e.g. a television receiver, a satellite receiver, a storage means for multimedia signals, or any other suitable communications means.
- a receiver e.g. a television receiver, a satellite receiver, a storage means for multimedia signals, or any other suitable communications means.
- the arrangement may further comprise communications means for communicating information about the detected content element, e.g. a retrieved video content identifier, to a remote data processing system.
- communications means for communicating information about the detected content element, e.g. a retrieved video content identifier, to a remote data processing system.
- the term communications means comprises circuitry and/or devices suitable for enabling the communication of data between, e.g. via a wired or a wireless data link.
- communications means include a network interface, a network card, a radio transmitter/receiver, a cable modem, a telephone modem, an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) adapter, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) adapter, a satellite transceiver, an Ethernet adapter, or the like.
- ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
- DSL Digital Subscriber Line
- the invention further relates to a video recorder comprising such an arrangement.
- the invention further relates to a system for communicating information about a content element of a video program, the system comprising: [78] a device for presenting a multimedia signal, the multimedia signal comprising video data and corresponding audio data, the device for presenting a multimedia signal comprising [79] - processing means for determining an audio fingerprint data item from a predetermined part of the presented audio data; [80] - communications means for transmitting the determined audio fingerprint data item; [81] a data processing system comprising
- - storage means having stored thereon a number of reference audio fingerprint data items each related to a corresponding content element;
- - processing means adapted to compare the received audio fingerprint data item with at least one of the number of reference audio fingerprint data items, and, if at least a first one of the number of reference audio fingerprint data items is identified to correspond to the determined audio fingerprint data item, to identify the corresponding related content element as detected.
- the invention further relates to a device for presenting a multimedia signal in such a system and a data processing system in such a system.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a video recorder including an arrangement for detecting content in a multimedia signal according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a video recorder including an arrangement for detecting content in a multimedia signal according to an embodiment of the invention
- fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method of detecting content in a multimedia signal according to an embodiment of the invention
- fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a video recorder comprising an arrangement for generating reference audio fingerprint data items according to an embodiment of the invention
- [90] fig. 4 schematically shows a fingerprint database module according to an embodiment of the invention
- [91] fig. 5 shows a system for communicating information about multimedia content according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a video recorder comprising an arrangement for detecting content in a multimedia signal according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the video recorder 101 receives a multimedia data stream 107.
- the multimedia data stream comprises video data representing moving pictures and audio data representing corresponding audio data.
- the multimedia data may be received by a receiver, e.g. a digital or analog receiver for receiving television programs or other multimedia content, e.g. via an antenna, a cable network, a satellite, or another communications network, such as the Internet.
- the multimedia data may be coded according to any suitable coding scheme, e.g. an MPEG scheme. It is noted that the multimedia data may comprise a plurality of parallel data streams corresponding to a plurality of video channels or the like.
- the video recorder 101 comprises a recorder block 102 which stores received multimedia data 107 onto a storage medium 103.
- the storage medium 103 may be a hard disk or any other suitable storage means.
- the recorder may record one or more video programs at the same time.
- the video recorder 101 further comprises an audio fingerprint calculation block 104 which receives the input data and computes one or more audio fingerprints from the audio component of the input data.
- the video recorder further comprises a fingerprint database module 105 which receives the calculated audio fingerprint item(s) from the audio fingerprint calculation block 104.
- the fingerprint database module 105 has further access to a fingerprint database 106 which comprises a number of reference fingerprint data items. Based on a comparison of the calculated audio fingerprint item(s) and the reference fingerprint data items in the database 106, the fingerprint database module 105 controls the recording operations of the recorder block 102, e.g. by starting a recording, stopping, pausing, resuming a recording, or the like.
- the reference fingerprints may be stored in a different way, e.g. as files in a file systems. It is an advantage of a database system that it allows an efficient search when a large number of reference fingerprints are stored.
- the multimedia input data 107 may originate from the storage medium 103, i.e. the multimedia data may be previously stored program material which is to be re-editted, e.g. in order to remove commercials or other unwanted material, and the processed data is stored on the storage medium 103.
- Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method of detecting content in a multimedia signal according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a recording device receives a segment of an input signal representing multimedia data comprising video data and audio data.
- the received segment may comprise a predetermined number of video frames and the corresponding audio data.
- a fingerprint H is calculated for a segment of the audio data of the received multimedia data.
- step 203 the calculated fingerprint is compared to the reference fingerprints stored in a database 106, e.g. by performing a database query using the calculated fingerprint H as a key. If no matching reference fingerprint is found, i.e. no content is recognized in the multimedia data, the process returns to step 201 receiving a next segment of the input signal. If a match is found, a predetermined content corresponding to the matching reference audio fingerprint is determined to be detected (step 204) in the multimedia data, and the process continues at step 205.
- step 205 additional data corresponding to the identified content is retrieved from the database 106.
- this information comprises a content identifier, e.g. a title of a video program or another suitable identifier identifying a specific program, a specific series or type of programs, e.g. identifying the content as an episode of a specific series or show, as a news flash of specific news program, as a specific commercial for a specific product, or the like.
- the additional data comprises control code information indicative of a predetermined operation to be initiated in response to the detected content, such as displaying additional information, starting, stopping, etc. of a recording, etc.
- the operation may further be conditioned on a explicit acknowledgment by a user.
- step 206 the operation of the video recorder is controlled according to the detected content.
- Examples of the control of operations include the pausing of a recording at the beginning of a detected commercial, news program, etc., which interrupts the current program, and resuming the recording at the end of the commercial or the like.
- This skipping of (single) commercials can also be applied in live viewing situations.
- additional commercial detection, scene- change and/or genre change detection algorithms can be used in combination with the present invention. It is understood, that a commercial enforcement may also be implemented.
- step 207 If the process is not stopped (step 207), the process continues at step 201 and receives the next signal segment.
- Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a video recorder comprising an arrangement for generating reference audio fingerprint data items according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the recognition of content in a multimedia signal is based on a comparison with a number of reference audio fingerprints, e.g. of leaders and trailers of commercial blocks and/or programs of interest, available in the database 106.
- the video recorder 101 of fig. 3 comprises an arrangement for acquiring such information.
- the video recorder 101 receives input multimedia data 107, e.g. during recordings or during a separate configuration or training session.
- the video recorder comprises a recorder block 102 that stores a recording of a predetermined program material on a storage medium 103.
- the video recorder further comprises a fingerprint calculation block 104 that receives the input data and computes audio fingerprints from the audio component of the input data.
- the generated audio fingerprint information is written as a separate stream or file to the storage medium 103.
- the fingerprint information may be embedded in private data of the encoded multimedia stream.
- the video recorder further comprises a fingerprint management block 301 which retrieves previously recorded multimedia data and the corresponding fingerprints from the storage medium 103 and identifies the fingerprint information associated with leaders and trailers of commercials and other programs. The identified fingerprint information is stored in the fingerprint database 106.
- this identification of relevant fingerprint information is performed by comparing the beginning and ending of different recordings of the same program, e.g. of different episodes of a television series or show or of different news bulletins.
- the fingerprint management block 301 provides a user interface allowing a user to select a number of stored recordings to be used as a basis for identifying fingerprint data.
- the identification of key program segments providing recognizable program content which is indicative for a given program may be performed automatically, e.g. by correlating the fingerprint information of different episodes.
- the fingerprint management block 301 may provide a user interface allowing a user to explicitly select such key fragments of a program.
- an automatic and a manual identification of key fragments are combined, e.g. by requesting a confirmation from the user on fragments identified by the video recorder. It is noted that the present invention may be combined with other automatic commercial detectors in order to identify the boundaries of the commercials and/or the boundaries of the single commercial clips to be stored in the fingerprint database.
- the fingerprint management block 301 further provides a user interface allowing a user to input additional data, such as a content identifier or other descriptive information about the content of the program material.
- additional data may further comprise control code information, e.g. an indication whether the identified content is to be recorded whenever detected, whether the identified content is to be skipped during recordings, etc.
- the method according to the invention may be used to implement a commercial skip on a commercial-by-commercial basis.
- a commercial 'thumbs down' button may be supplied allowing the user to disqualify a specific commercial that will be skipped automatically in the future.
- the fingerprint management block 301 can compile a 'hot list' of frequently occurring audio fingerprints derived from the recorded programs that are previously stored on the storage medium 103. Using this hot list, a number of decisions are facilitated. For example, the video recorder may be controlled to automatically record such programs in the future, even programs and channels that do not have an entry associated with them in the EPG. At the same time this information as derived from the hard disk contents can be used to improve the profile of the user.
- the fingerprint information may be made available by service providers, e.g. on a web-site of the Internet.
- the reference fingerprint information may be accessed on-line via the Internet, or the fingerprint information may be downloaded and stored in the video recorder, e.g. embedded into the EPG.
- fingerprints may be distributed on a storage medium, such as on a disc, e.g. a CD, DVD, etc.
- Fig. 4 schematically shows a fingerprint database module according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the fingerprint database module 105 comprises an input module 401, a Database Management System (DBMS) backend module 403, and a response module 404.
- DBMS Database Management System
- the input module 401 receives an audio fingerprint and supplies the fingerprint to the DBMS backend module 403.
- the DBMS backend module 403 performs a query on the database 106 to identify any matching reference fingerprints and to retrieve any additional data associated with the matching reference fingerprint.
- the database 106 comprises fingerprints FP1, FP2, FP3, FP4 and FP5 and respective associated sets of additional information Dl, D2, D3, D4 and D5.
- the database 106 can be organized in various ways to optimize query time and/or data organization.
- the output from the input module 401 should be taken into account when designing the tables in the database 106.
- the database 106 comprises a single table with entries (records) comprising respective fingerprints and sets of additional data.
- the DBMS backend module 403 feeds the results of the query to the response module 404, which returns the results to a requesting application or directly generates a control signal for controlling a device, e.g. a video recorder, in response to the retrieved additional information.
- each reference audio fingerprint data item is stored together with an associated control code, where each control code causes a video recorder to perform a specific action, such as starting a recording, stopping an ongoing recording, etc, thereby allowing a control of a video recorder based on detected content in a current video program.
- Fig. 5 shows a system for communicating information about multimedia content according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the system comprises a set-top box 501 which receives a multimedia data stream 502, e.g. via a cable network, a satellite, a communications network, the Internet, or the like.
- the set-top box comprises a control unit 503 which feeds the multimedia data to a television set 512 for presentation to a user.
- the set-top box further comprises a user interface module 505 for providing a user interface allowing a user to select programs to be viewed, etc.
- the set-top box 501 further comprises a fingerprint calculation module 504 which receives the input multimedia data stream 502 and computes audio fingerprint information from the audio data of the received input.
- a fingerprint calculation module 504 which receives the input multimedia data stream 502 and computes audio fingerprint information from the audio data of the received input.
- the user can, via the user interface 505, initiate the transmission of the computed fingerprint data for a selected program fragment to a service provider or other third party, thereby indicating his/her interest in the displayed item.
- the set-top box 501 comprises a communications interface 506, e.g. a modem, a network adapter, or the like, for transmitting the computed and selected fingerprint data to a service provider system 507, e.g. a network server or other data processing system. Additionally, further information may be transmitted, such as the identification of the sending set-top box, an indication of the type of interest, e.g. a request for further information, a purchase order, etc.
- a communications interface 506 e.g. a modem, a network adapter, or the like
- a service provider system 507 e.g. a network server or other data processing system.
- further information may be transmitted, such as the identification of the sending set-top box, an indication of the type of interest, e.g. a request for further information, a purchase order, etc.
- the service provider system 507 comprises a corresponding communications interface 508 for receiving the fingerprint data along with any additional information transmitted by the set-top box 501.
- the service provider system further comprises a fingerprint database module 509 and a fingerprint database 510 as described above.
- the fingerprint database module 509 compares the received fingerprint data item with reference fingerprints in the database 510. If a matching reference fingerprint is found, the provider system 507 initiates a suitable transaction in response to the recognized item viewed by the user of the set-top box. For example, the provider system may send additional information, initiate a purchase transaction, send a control signal back to the set-top box, thereby causing the set-top box to display a suitable menu, or the like.
- the service provider may cause e.g. an e- commerce application to be launched by the set-top box, thereby providing the user with the option of buying an item that is featured in a commercial or other broadcast, or of engaging in some other e-commerce transaction.
- an e- commerce application e.g. an e-commerce application to be launched by the set-top box, thereby providing the user with the option of buying an item that is featured in a commercial or other broadcast, or of engaging in some other e-commerce transaction.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- PPA Programmable Logic Arrays
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- the invention is not limited to video recorders but may also be implanted in other devices or systems for processing multimedia data, such as set-top boxes, television sets, multimedia data viewers implemented in software or hardware, or the like.
- the invention is not limited to commercials but can easily be applied to other program material to be recorded and/or skipped from recording, in particular program material comprising identifiable fragments, such as leaders and trailers.
- program material comprising identifiable fragments, such as leaders and trailers.
- Examples of such program material comprise inserted news programs, weather forecasts, episodes of television shows, etc.
- any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.
- the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in a claim.
- the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
- the invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the device claim enumerating several means, several of these means can be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
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