WO2005037375A1

WO2005037375A1 - Device and method for forcing a door

Info

Publication number: WO2005037375A1
Application number: PCT/DE2004/002311
Authority: WO
Inventors: Klaus FÖRSTER
Original assignee: Foerster Klaus
Priority date: 2003-10-20
Filing date: 2004-10-18
Publication date: 2005-04-28
Also published as: DE112004001993D2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for forcing a door in an especially simple, reliable and fast manner. The inventive device comprises a lever pin that can be expelled and that is received, in an outer final position thereof, relative to the housing of the device in a manner resistant to torsion. The inventive method is characterized by driving the lever pin into a door in a purposeful manner and by applying a forcing moment to the door by deflecting a lever handle that is linked with the lever pin in a manner resistant to torsion.

Description

Device and method for forcibly opening a door

The invention relates to a device and a method for the violent opening of a door.

In numerous situations, emergency services such as the police or fire brigade regularly face the task of forcibly opening doors. Axes, firearms, explosives, hydraulic-mechanical devices or oxygen lances are used to open doors that can be opened against the direction of walking, while a door that is attached to the inside of the room is simply opened by the force of a ram or a foot pedal can.

However, the use of the devices mentioned is often associated with disadvantages: For example, an oxygen lance can hardly be used if it is important to open the door as quickly as possible. Axes and other heavy impact devices usually have to act on the door several times until sufficient destruction leads to the door being able to be opened. Thus, these devices are not suitable, for example, for emergency access and similar cases in which a surprise and surprise effect is to be exploited.

Hydraulic-mechanical devices such as those from EP 0 750 922 Bl or EP 0 271 207 Bl are also rather unsuitable for quick access, since they require considerable assembly effort. In addition, a stay in front of the door should often be avoided for security reasons.

The use of firearms, explosives or the like usually has to be avoided if it is unclear whether and where there are people in the room behind the door who would be endangered by such an operation.

The invention has for its object to provide a device and a method with which violent door openings can be carried out faster and safer for the user, especially in the situations mentioned.

This object is achieved to an outstanding extent by a device for forcibly opening a door, which is characterized by an expansible lever pin with a torque-fixed bearing with respect to a housing of the device in an outer end position, and a method for the violent opening of a door, in which a lever pin is driven into a door leaf, between a door leaf and a door frame or through a door lock, and in which a door-blasting moment is then applied to this by deflecting a lever handle that is torque-fixed to the lever pin becomes.

A door is not only understood to mean front doors, but also car doors or windows that can be opened and not opened to the same extent. The invention is surprisingly well suited for these as well.

According to one aspect of the invention, an inventive idea is based on the knowledge that by specifically applying a moment to the locking device of a door, this can be levered out of the frame. In order to be able to apply the necessary moment in a targeted manner to the locking mechanism of the door, the invention uses a lever pin which is specifically driven into a weak point in the door. This is particularly simple and precise with the proposed device, since it only has to be attached to the weak point of the door. An automatic mechanism for driving out the pen can then be used. In particular, the pin can be imposed from the housing of the device up to a maximum of the outer end position of the pin.

Because the lever pin is driven out only up to a torque-proof end position with the housing of the device, the torque required to open the door can be applied via the housing of the device. This can in particular have a handle or can even be largely designed as a handy handle surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the lever pin has a symmetrical cross section with a conical, concavely curved or convexly curved tip. Depending on the application, small conical or concave curved surface lines of the tip are often advantageous in small devices according to the present invention.

Such a variant of the proposed device is "primarily intended to be carried and operated by a person. In contrast, a larger variant of the device is particularly suitable for more resistant doors, such as metal doors. This larger variant is its size Weight and their operating options and holding devices designed primarily for operation by two people.

In the larger version of the device, in most cases the mere pushing in of the lever pin between the lock body and the striking plate in the frame means that the door leaf can be opened without additional Open the deflection of the device, since a relatively large lever pin can be used. This creates a correspondingly large gap in the door so that the guard locking is no longer guaranteed after the lever pin has been shot in. Lever pins with diameters up to 25 mm, in particular up to 22 mm, have proven their worth in tests.

If, however, the door leaf cannot be opened despite the larger gap, most of the doors can still be opened with the larger variant of the proposed device without further problems, since the device can be made correspondingly long due to the operation by two people. A housing length of 60 to 100 cm, in particular of about 80 cm, is proposed as a good compromise between the handiness of the device and the lever arm required for levering out very resistant doors. Even T90 doors are easy to open with such a device. The higher energy that can be generated during use also enables doors to be opened easily on the hinge side.

Especially with larger diameters of the tip of the lever pin, especially for sizes from 20 mm, a convex surface line is often appropriate. The purpose of the tip is primarily to press the parts to be pierced apart and, if necessary, to deflect the door. In numerous tests with various fittings and door assemblies, the shapes described for the lever pin have proven particularly universal.

The lever pin preferably has a diameter of 10 to 25 mm, in particular 11.5 to 13.7 mm in the smaller variant of the proposed breaking device and up to 22 mm in the larger variant of the device. With such a dimensioning of the lever pin, both smaller and larger locks can be shot through very well, while the diameter of the lever pin can still transmit so much force that relatively inexpensive materials can also be used for the pin.

In order to be able to position the device particularly precisely at the weak point of the door, it is proposed that the lever pin protrude from the housing with an apex in an inner end position. It should be explained that the lever pin can be slidably mounted between an inner end position and an outer end position. The distance between the two end positions then represents the distance by which the lever pin is driven out to the maximum when the device is used. The device can be mechanically particularly simple and robust if the lever pin is mounted so that it can be displaced in a straight line between the two end positions and, accordingly, is driven out in a straight line. In this case, a particularly targeted shot in the door can be done simply by the the protruding tip of the lever pin is placed on the weak point of the door and then the expulsion mechanism is activated.

Alternatively and cumulatively, it is advantageous if the device according to the invention has a pressure chamber in the housing for expelling the lever pin by means of excess pressure. An overpressure in the pressure chamber can be generated, for example, by igniting a compressed air cartridge. Air cartridges are relatively small and extremely lightweight. They can also be replaced quickly. In addition, a force originally present at the outlet of a pressure supply can be multiplied with simple means by a pneumatic as well as by a hydraulic power transmission by means of suitable effective surface design.

In addition, it is proposed that the device according to the invention has at least two pressure plates connected to one another and to the lever pin in a longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber for accelerating the lever pin when subjected to excess pressure. If an overpressure is suddenly generated in the pressure chamber, a force is exerted on a pressure plate connected to the lever pin and slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber, which force drives the pressure plate - together with the lever pin - along the longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber.

In order to be able to use as much of the applied force as possible to accelerate the lever pin, it is advantageous if the pressure plate has a play seat in the pressure chamber. It cannot be avoided that a portion of the compressed air escapes through the inevitable slot between the pressure plate and the pressure chamber wall as a result of the play. By sequentially arranging a second pressure plate on the side of the first pressure plate facing the tip of the lever pin, at least a large part of this compressed air can also be obtained to accelerate the lever pin.

Irrespective of this, the housing can have ventilation openings on a side facing the outer end position of the lever pin for low-resistance outflow of air present in the housing when the lever pin is driven out. The lever pin must be able to be driven out of the housing at very high speed. In this case, a dynamic pressure can occur in the housing in front of components that move quickly with the lever pin, which slows down the emergence of the lever pin. Jammed air flows out via the proposed ventilation openings with relatively little flow resistance, which largely reduces an otherwise existing braking force.

Regardless of the aforementioned variants, it is proposed that the device according to the invention, when dimensioned for a user, prefers a mass between 3 and 7 between 3 and 5, in particular of about 4.8 kg. In experiments by the inventor, it has been found that the inertia of such a mass is already largely sufficient to drive a lever pin sufficiently firmly into most doors. This leaves only a small residual force, which the user has to apply to the door as a pressing force of the device. In particular, this also allows the device to be used far away from the user's body and in a posture in which the user can only push the device according to the invention against the door to a small extent.

In a variant of the device designed for two operators, the mass can - and should - be significantly higher than in the device for one operator. In particular, it is proposed that the mass be between 22 and 30 kg, especially 23 to 26 kg. The length of the device designed for two people can easily be up to 100 cm, in particular 80 to 90 cm, especially about 80 cm.

The invention is explained in more detail below using examples on the drawing. The same reference numbers can denote identical components.

Show it

FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention with an essentially tubular housing,

FIG. 2 shows the device from FIG. 1 attached to a door with normal fittings,

FIG. 3 shows the device and the door from FIG. 2 with the lever pin driven out,

FIG. 4 shows the device and the door from FIGS. 2 and 3 after the door lock has been levered out,

FIG. 5 shows a device according to FIG. 1 attached to a lock body of a further door to be broken open,

FIG. 6 shows the device and the door from FIG. 5 with the lever pin imposed,

FIG. 7 shows the device and the door from FIGS. 5 and 6 after the door lock has been levered out, FIG. 8 shows the device from FIG. 1 with a lever pin shot into a door with a security fitting,

Figure 9 shows a heavier variant of a breaking device according to the invention and

FIG. 10 shows the device from FIG. 9 in a front view according to the identification X-X in FIG. 9.

The device 1 in FIG. 1 essentially consists of the tubular housing 2, a lever pin 3, a drive pin 4 and a triggering device 5 for igniting a gas cartridge 6.

The device 1 has on its housing 2 an outer diameter of 46 mm and a mass of approximately 4.8 kg. The entire device 1 is 540 mm long. It is therefore extremely compact and flexible to use. The dimensioning is aimed at one operator.

The housing 2 is made of steel and is provided with a corrugated surface on a grip surface 7 which completely covers the tubular housing 2. The tubular housing 2 has an inner diameter of 28 mm.

The trigger mechanism 5 is screwed onto the tubular housing 2 via a threaded sleeve 8. On the opposite side of the housing 2, a cover plate 9 is screwed onto it, which has a bore 10 in the center with a diameter of 12.2 mm.

In the tubular housing 2, the lever pin 3 and the driving pin 4 are arranged longitudinally offset from one another and each have an outer diameter of 11.9 mm and are firmly connected to one another. The two pins have a second pressure plate 11 and a first pressure plate 12, the pressure plates 11, 12 being slidably mounted in the housing 2 along an ejection direction 13 of the lever pin 3. The pressure plates are 10 mm thick and have an outer diameter of 27.8 mm.

The lever pin 3 emerges from the cover plate 9 approximately 5 m from the bore 10 and tapers to a tip 14 over a length of about 20 mm. In contrast to the conical shape in the exemplary embodiment shown, a concave curved tip can also be used with particular suitability.

The drive pin 4 can preferably be either pinned or screwed as a connection to the lever pin 3. With its rear end 15 facing the gas cartridge 6 - beyond the first pressure plate 12 tapered to a diameter of 9 mm - it projects into a pressure chamber bore 16, to which the gas cartridge 6 can be connected in a pressure-tight manner. In the present example, the gas cartridge 6 has a diameter of 9 mm and serves as a propellant charge for driving out the lever pin 3.

After actuation of a trigger 17, a tensioned spring 18 with a striking plate 19 guided by the spring 18 swings against the gas cartridge 6 and ignites it. As a result, a sudden increase in the air pressure in the pressure chamber bore 16 is generated on the rear side of the first pressure plate 12. The overpressure drives the first pressure plate 12 together with the drive pin 4, the second pressure plate 11 and the lever pin 3 into the expulsion direction 13. Since the first pressure plate 12 is mounted on a slide bearing 20 with a play seat, part of the compressed air reaches the first pressure plate past into a region of a pressure chamber 21, 22 lying between the two pressure plates 11, 12. In a section 23 lying in front of the second pressure plate 11, the pressure is significantly lower than in section 21 of the pressure chamber. An additional accelerating force thus acts on the second pressure plate 11.

When the second pressure plate 11 races forward in the discharge direction 13, the air pressure in section 23 increases. However, an increase in pressure that takes place here quickly flows out of section 23 via outlet openings on the cover plate 9 (not shown in detail).

A guide 24 is provided approximately in the middle of the housing 2, which reduces the effective kink length of the connected pins 3, 4 and prevents kinking under load with a large normal force against the direction of ejection 13.

In the present example, the driving pin 4 is at least glassy hard (approx. 58 Rockwell) made of X37CrMoV51 (1.2343). The lever pin - following its function as a penetration and bending pin - is preferably made of the same material with at least 51 HRC, particularly preferably additionally vacuum-melted and thus very tough. To avoid an overload break, the lever pin 3 must be replaced after each use. For this purpose, it can advantageously be screwed or pinned onto the second pressure plate 11.

In addition to a central main bore with a diameter of 12.2 mm, the bearing 24 has numerous small bores (not shown in detail) in order to ensure a gas feedthrough that is as low in pressure loss as possible when expelling the lever pin 3 and the associated movement of the pressure plates 11, 12 by an expansion dimension 25 between the inner and outer end position of the lever pin.

In its outer end position (not shown), the lever pin 3 is connected in a torque-proof manner with respect to the housing 2 via a connection 26 to the second cover plate 11 and thus to the drive pin 4. Thus, the hardened, pointed dome 14 of the lever pin 3 in the device 1 shown can be driven by a propellant charge into a door leaf, between a door leaf and a frame, or directly through a door lock. The door can then be opened or unlocked via the torque-proof bearing 26. The device 1 can also be used to pry open car doors when the dome 14 is driven between the spar and the door body. Normal glass and multi-pane glass can also be pierced with just one approach. The device is very compact and can therefore be used flexibly and unobtrusively.

In Figure 2, the device 1 is attached to the door 40. The user of the device 1 can stand in a secured position 41 on a wall 42 next to the door 40, namely on that side of the door on which the lock is located. The door opens to a room 43, i.e. against the direction of walking.

To use the device 1, it is first tensioned and unlocked on the trigger mechanism 5. The dome 14 protruding from the housing 2 at the front end of the device 1 is placed on a door leaf 47 approximately 2 cm lower than a square 44 of a door handle 45 and approximately 1 cm laterally next to a front door edge 46.

When the propellant charge 6 is ignited, the dome 14 of the device 1 is driven approximately 10 cm deep between the door frame 48 and the door leaf 47 (compare in particular FIG. 3). The lever pin 3 is driven out of the housing 2 up to an outer end position. The outer end position does not have to be defined by a stop of the second pressure plate 11 on the cover plate 9, but can also be defined by the lever pin 3 being at a standstill as a result of the braking forces when the pin 3 is pushed into the door.

By laterally deflecting the device 1 from an original position 49 (see FIG. 4) into a lever position 50, the lever pin 3, which is fixed in terms of torque, is also rotated around the door frame 48 as a bearing and levering a locking mechanism 51 of the door 40 out of the frame 48. The door 40 can now be opened easily.

In the case of a multi-locked door, the same process above or below the position of the other guard locking is preferably carried out simultaneously with another device. The attachment points for the device 1 can advantageously be indicated to the user by means of templates with markings for the specified dimensions in relation to the door handle. In an alternative way of forcibly opening a door with normal fitting, the device 1 with the mandrel tip 14 is set about 2 cm lower than the square of the latch 45 and is offset from this vertical by about 4 cm horizontally in the direction of the striking plate and driven by the lock body 60 (cf. figure 6). As a result, the lock body 60 is bent out of the door leaf 47 and thus a locking device 61 completely out of the locking plate (see FIG. 7). Such strong bending of the lock in the door leaf itself is possible in particular in the case of sheet metal doors, here the locking mechanism can be pushed or pulled completely out of the striking plate without the lock body having to be torn out of the door leaf.

In the door 70 in FIG. 8 with security fitting 71 on the lock, the device 1 is placed at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the door leaf 70 next to the fitting 71 in a horizontal position so that the dome 14 is diagonally between an inner fitting 72 and an outer fitting 73 of the door 70 is driven. After imposing the lever pin 3, the user pulls the device 1 in a known manner and thus bends an entire lock body 74 out of the door 70.

The larger variant 80 of the break-open device in FIGS. 9 and 10 is essentially constructed like the more compact version 1 from FIGS. 1 to 8 intended for operation by one person. However, numerous dimensions are adapted to the larger external dimension. In particular, the two pressure plates 81, 82 are adapted to the large inside diameter of a housing tube 83. In the exemplary embodiment chosen, the free inner diameter of the tube 83 is approximately 40 mm. The tube 83 itself has a wall thickness of 20 mm. A working tip 84 has a diameter of approximately 22 mm, a rear pressure tip 85 has a diameter of 15 mm.

The breaking device 80 has a mass of about 25 kg. It is easy to handle when operated by two people and remains relatively low-recoil when the lever tip is fired into a door due to its inertia. In order to be able to handle the device 80 as well as possible, it is provided with a circumferential gripping bracket 86. The bracket 86 runs along the predominant length of a housing 87 of the device 80, runs completely around its rear end 88 and only leaves one front end 89 free with the lever tip. It runs with a first and a second bracket 90, 91 on two sides of the housing 87, so that the two operators can be distributed on both sides of the device SO. The brackets 90, 91 each have a diameter of approximately 12 mm to 15 mm.

A ramming plate can also be mounted on the rear end of the main straightening device. A round plate with a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm is particularly compact. The ramming plate can preferably be mounted on the circumferential gripping bracket. In this way, the entire device can be used mechanically as a ram. The heavy variant of the break-open device in particular, and in particular the embodiment with gripping bars, is excellently suited for opening doors that can be opened in the direction of travel when used as a ram. Practical experience has shown that such doors have so far mostly been opened by kicks. As a result, ankle sprains or other injuries occur relatively frequently when pedaling. The ram to be operated by two people with the ramming plate, on the other hand, can be swung or rammed very specifically against a weak point of a door that can be opened in the direction of walking.

The arrangement of a shooting mechanism at one end of the device and a ramming plate at the other end of the device is particularly advantageous. The design of the device is one-shot, so you can only fire one shot without reloading or changing the ram tip. The additional ramming plate makes it possible to keep one shot at home with the available one until an operator reaches a door which is unlikely to be opened with the ramming plate. Here the shot can be used.

It should be mentioned that single or multi-pane safety glass in the motor vehicle sector can also be easily opened with the invention. By simply placing the device in the edge area of the side guide of the pane, it can be pierced without any problems. Depending on the glass, the pane can be broken down into so-called crumbled glass - which allows direct access to the interior - or the glass can then be levered out in the manner described for doors.

It should be emphasized that the invention has its greatest advantage when opening a door against the direction of entry. Of course, it is also suitable without compromise to forcefully open doors in the direction of walking. Particularly thick doors can also be opened easily. In this case, the lever pin is preferably held directly on the lock cylinder and this is shot out of the door. Then the door can be easily opened with a so-called architect's key.

The field of application of the invention naturally also extends to padlocks, padlocks and other similar locks.

Claims

claims:

1. Device for the violent opening of a door, characterized by a drivable lever pin with a torque-fixed bearing with respect to a housing of the device in an outer end position.

2. Device according spoke 1, characterized in that the lever pin has a symmetrical cross section with a conical, concavely curved or convexly curved tip.

3. Device according spoke 1 or 2, characterized in that the lever pin has a diameter of 10 to 25 mm, in particular from 11.5 to 13.7 mm for a device to be operated by one person or up to 22 mm for one of two people device to be operated.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever pin projects in an inner end position with a tip from the housing.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a pressure chamber in the housing for driving out the lever pin by means of excess pressure.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized by at least two pressure plates connected to one another and to the lever pin in a longitudinal direction of the pressure chamber for accelerating the lever pin when subjected to excess pressure.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing on one side facing the outer end position of the lever pin has ventilation openings for low-resistance outflow of air present in the housing when the lever pin is driven out.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a mass between 3 and 30 kg, preferably between 3 and 5 kg for a device to be operated by a person, here in particular characterized by a mass of about 4.8 kg, in the case a dimensioning for two people characterized by a mass of mainly between 22 and 30 kg, in particular from 23 to 26 kg.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a housing length of 60 to 100 cm, in particular of about 80 cm, for a device which is dimensioned for use by two people.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a ramming plate on the housing, preferably at a rear end of the housing.

11. A method for the violent opening of a door, characterized in that a lever pin is driven into a door leaf, between a door leaf and a door frame or through a door lock and then a door blasting moment is applied to this by deflecting a lever handle that is torque-fixed to the lever pin or that the door can no longer be locked due to the mere pushing in between.