WO2005035124A1 - Procedimiento para preparar nanopartículas metálicas, y materiales obtenidos por el procedimiento - Google Patents
Procedimiento para preparar nanopartículas metálicas, y materiales obtenidos por el procedimiento Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005035124A1 WO2005035124A1 PCT/ES2004/000441 ES2004000441W WO2005035124A1 WO 2005035124 A1 WO2005035124 A1 WO 2005035124A1 ES 2004000441 W ES2004000441 W ES 2004000441W WO 2005035124 A1 WO2005035124 A1 WO 2005035124A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- precursor
- support
- metallic
- clay
- sepiolite
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 8
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004137 mechanical activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CZTQZXZIADLWOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 8-oxo-3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-ylmethyl)-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1SC2C(NC(=O)CC=3SC=CC=3)C(=O)N2C(C(=O)O)=C1C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 CZTQZXZIADLWOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001417516 Haemulidae Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001424392 Lucia limbaria Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940009868 aluminum magnesium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNIFQWSXTHTYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;sulfate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YNIFQWSXTHTYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetracopper;hexahydroxide;sulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J37/086—Decomposition of an organometallic compound, a metal complex or a metal salt of a carboxylic acid
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
- Y10S977/775—Nanosized powder or flake, e.g. nanosized catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
Definitions
- the present invention is encompassed in the nanoparticle sector, particularly in the field of metallic nanoparticles, and especially in the area of nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed on supports.
- Nanomaterials or nanostructured materials are heterogeneous systems composed of particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm (10 ⁇ 9 to 10 "7 m) . These systems have physical properties that can be very different from those found in equivalent systems but micron-sized grunt size Among the most important physical properties that appear on a nanometric scale we can highlight the phenomena of quantization (charge, electronic levels %), confinement (electronic, dielectric [Flytzanis, C , Hache, F., Kelin, C., Ricard, D., and Roussignol, Ph., "Nonlinear Optics in Composite Materials", Prog.
- metal nanoparticles are one of the most studied nanomaterials since they have unique physical properties and / or mixed between those of insulators and conductors [H. Gleiter, Progress in Mater. Sci., 33, 223 (1989), VG Gryaznov and LI Trusov, Progress Mater. Sci., 37 289 (1993)].
- these materials are already being used in colloidal and catalytic chemical processes.
- metallic nanomaterials can be used for the manufacture of "opto" and / or electronic devices.
- the objective of the present invention is to overcome the Most of the drawbacks of the state of the art by means of a simple, economical and viable method on an industrial scale for preparing metal nanoparticles in which a metallic compound is homogeneously dispersed with on a support, in which the support is at least one clay with a silicate network, selected from the group of pseudo-laminar phyllosilicates.
- the clay may be sepiolite, including natural mineral sepiolites and sepiolites treated, such as rheological grade sepiolite (marketed, for example, by TOLSA, SA, Madrid, Spain, under the PANGEL brand and obtained from from natural sepiolite by special micronization processes which substantially prevent the breakage of fibers described, for example, in patent applications EP-A-0170299 and EP-A-0454222), mineral attapulgite or treated as rheological attapulgite (such as the range of ATTAGEL products manufactured and marketed by Engelhard Corporation, United States, and the MIN-U-GEL range from Floridin Company, or those obtained by treating attapulgite with the process described in EP-A-0170299).
- rheological grade sepiolite marketed, for example, by TOLSA, SA, Madrid, Spain, under the PANGEL brand and obtained from from natural sepiolite by special micronization processes which substantially prevent the breakage of fibers described, for example,
- the support is a powder with a particle size of less than 44 ⁇ m and preferably less than 5 ⁇ m.
- Sepiolite and attapulgite or paligorskite belong to the group of pseudolamellar phyllosilicates, also known as the paligorskite-sepiolite group, whose structure determines a microfibrous or acicular morphology.
- sepiolite is a hydrated magnesium silicate although there are also aluminum sepiolites (with 19% of the octahedral positions occupied by aluminum ions), ferric (called ylotyl), nickel-ferric ⁇ falcondoite) and sodium (loughlinite).
- Paligorskite or attapulgite is a hydrated aluminum-magnesium silicate, with a structure similar to sepiolite.
- structurally sepiolite is formed by talc-like tapes, composed of two layers of silica tetrahedra joined by oxygen atoms to a central layer of magnesium octahedrons. These type tapes talc are arranged so that the tetrahedral silica layer is continuous but with the silica tetrahedra inverted every six units.
- This structure determines an acicular morphology of the sepiolite particles, elongated along the c axis, and the presence of channels, called zeolitic, oriented in the direction of the c axis of the acicular particles, with dimensions of 3, 7 ⁇ x 10, 6 ⁇ , where water and other liquids can penetrate.
- sepiolite has a very high specific surface, which is due not only to the high external surface, but also to the internal surface originated by the zeolitic channels.
- the theoretical total surface area of the sepiolite, calculated from the structural models, is 900 m 2 / g, of which 400 m 2 / g correspond to the external area and 500 m 2 / g to the internal area.
- the accessible surface of the sepiolite depends on the adsorbate used, its size and polarity, which determines the accessibility of the adsorbate molecule to the micropores of the clay and in the zeolitic channels.
- the BET surface accessible to N 2 is more than 300 m 2 / g, which is one of the highest surfaces for a natural compound.
- Attapulgite has a similar structure, although in this case the inversion of silica tetrahedra is produced every four tetrahedra, instead of every six as in the case of sepiolite.
- the zeolitic channels found in the attapulgite have a section of 3.7 A x 6.4 A, smaller than that of the sepiolite channels.
- the specific surface area of the attapulgite, although high, is lower than that of the sepiolite, being around 150 m 2 / g.
- the microfibrous particles of the sepiolite and attapulgite are, in their natural state, agglomerated forming large bundles of acicular particles arranged at random with a structure analogous to that of a haystack.
- the structure formed is very porous with a high volume of mesopores and macropores.
- the obtaining of metallic nanoparticles on the surface of the clay can be carried out using any clay from the group of the paligorskite-sepiolite, for example, sepiolite, attapulgite and their combinations and sepiolite and / or attapulgite mineral as long as a concentration of its sum greater than 50%, better than 85%, since the contaminations of other minerals- ' "such as calcite, dolomite, feldspars, mica, quartz or smectite, besides assuming a dilution of the clay on which the minerals can be formed.
- any clay from the group of the paligorskite-sepiolite for example, sepiolite, attapulgite and their combinations and sepiolite and / or attapulgite mineral as long as a concentration of its sum greater than 50%, better than 85%, since the contaminations of other minerals- ' "such as calcite, dolomite, feldspars,
- the metal compound is at least a precursor selected from salts, hydroxides and oxides of metallic elements
- the metallic element is selected from metallic elements susceptible to reduction to temperatures below the collapse temperature of the silicate network of the clay Suitable metallic elements are Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and alloys or combinations thereof. These metallic elements are present in precursors such as water-soluble salts such as chlorides, nitrates and sulfates.
- the process of the present invention further comprises a step of deposition in which the precursor is deposited on the support, and when the precursor is selected from salts and hydroxides, a step of thermal decomposition in a controlled atmosphere in which the precursor is decomposed in an oxide of the corresponding metallic element. Subsequently, a reduction step is carried out in which the oxide of the metal element is subjected to a complete reduction process under controlled oxygen partial pressure (p0 2 ) and temperature conditions to finally obtain metal nanoparticles deposited on the support.
- p0 2 controlled oxygen partial pressure
- the procedure is carried out at temperatures lower than the collapse temperature of the clay silicate network and, preferably, lower than 850 ° C since at higher temperatures the sepiolite and attapulgite suffer deep structural transformations that lead to the destruction of the silicate network may appear other phases, such as clinoesteatite in the case of the vitreous phase sepiolitao.
- the deposition step it comprises dissolving the precursor in water to obtain a solution of the precursor, dispersing the support in the precursor solution to obtain a precursor / support dispersion, and drying the precursor / support dispersion to obtain precursor particles. / dry support.
- high shear mechanical agitation is preferably carried out.
- the precursor solution is adjusted to a concentration of 5 to 15% of the precursor.
- Water support or precursor solution is adjusted to a concentration of 5 to 15%.
- the support / precursor dispersion can be adjusted to a metallic element / support ratio of 0.1: 100 to 100: 100 depending on the density of nanoparticles that is desired to be obtained on the surface, and more preferably of 5: 100 to 50: 100 in weight.
- the precursor / support dispersion is filtered before drying, and / or separated by solid / liquid separation techniques before drying.
- a filtration or solid / liquid separation is carried out to separate the clay with the metal precursors deposited on the surface of the solution containing the anion of the metal salt used or, although it is possible to carry out even a direct drying to evaporate all the water of the dispersion.
- filtering is done to separate the clay from the deposited metallic precursors, it is advisable to wash the clay to remove remains of soluble salt.
- the thermal treatment process is then carried out under conditions of controlled atmosphere to carry out the decomposition of the metal salts or hydroxides in the corresponding oxide, provided that the precursor deposited on the clay is not said oxide, and subsequently the reduction of metal oxide in the metal -corresponding.
- the reduction conditions temperature and partial pressure of oxygen
- the reduction conditions will depend on the metal element used.
- the nanocomposite nanoparticulate material is useful as such or as a component of a catalyst whereas when the element Metallic is Ag, the nanocomposite nanoparticulate material is useful as a biocide or as a component of biocides.
- the metallic element is Cu, the nanocomposite nanoparticulate material is useful as a fungicide or as a component of fungicide products.
- the nanocomposite nanoparticulate material is useful as a component in optoelectronic materials
- the metal element is selected from Fe, Ni, Co and combinations Of these
- the nanocomposite nanoparticulate material is useful as a component of ferromagnetic fluids.
- the clay can be used with any particle size, although when nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the clay particle, it is advisable to use a clay product with the smallest possible particle size, so that the surface of the particle accessible for the formation of nanoparticles is maximum.
- the clay can be added as milled powder with a particle size to less than '44 .mu.m.
- rheological grade products such as rheological sepiolite and rheological grade sepiolite, obtained by a wet micronization process such as those described in patent application EP-A-0170299, where free acicular particles have been obtained maintaining the high "aspect ratio" of the particles and where the de-agglomeration performed has left more free surface accessible for the deposition.
- colloidal properties of the clays treated according to this micronization process have greater stability and are better dispersed in the dissolution of the metal salt, which allows a more homogeneous coating.
- the process of the present invention is based on the deposition on the surface of these clays of salts, oxides or metal hydroxides, followed by a reduction treatment for obtaining the corresponding metals.
- the reduction process is carried out by thermal treatment in a controlled atmosphere. It can be seen that in this process, nanoparticles are formed with a particle size of less than 30 nm and, usually of about 3 nm, with a homogeneous distribution on the surface and not agglomerated.
- the nanoparticles are distributed with a linear distribution oriented along the longitudinal axis of the microfibrous particles.
- a possible explanation for the formation of nanometric metal particles with this arrangement may be the transformations suffered by sepiolite and attapulgite when they are thermally treated.
- the sepiolite loses two of the four molecules of water of hydration which produces a folding of the structure of the sepiolite, and a collapse of the zeolitic channels, so that the cations of the edges of the octahedral layer of the silicate can complete its coordination with the oxygens of the adjacent silica tetrahedral layer. This change is reversible, and the original structure can be recovered by rehydration of the sepiolite.
- the sepiolite loses the remaining two water molecules of crystallization, and although no additional structural change occurs, the folding of the sepiolite structure becomes irreversible. Attapulgite undergoes an analogous structural change during the thermal treatment. It is believed that during the thermal treatment for the decomposition of the metal salts or hydroxides in the corresponding oxides and the subsequent reduction of the metal oxide particles, these are trapped during the folding and closing of the open channels at the edges of the structure. , preventing the migration of metallic nanoparticles and their coalescence and growth to give rise to larger particles.
- Example 1 Figure Ib is another microphotograph with less increase of the nanoparticles supported on sepiolite obtained according to the method of example 1;
- Figure 2a is an X-ray diffractogram showing copper precipitated in the form of gerhardite on the sepiolite support according to example 1;
- Figure 2b is an X-ray diffractogram of the final product of Example 1;
- Figure 3 is an absorbance spectrum in Kulbeka-Munk units measured by diffuse reflectance of the final product of Example 1;
- Figure 4a is a microphotograph of silver nanoparticles supported on sepiolite obtained according to the method described in Example 2;
- Figure 4b is another microphotograph with less increase of the nanoparticles supported on sepiolite obtained according to the method of example 2;
- Figure 5a is an X-ray diffractogram showing silver oxide precipitated on the sepiolite support of according to example 2;
- Figure 5b is an X-ray diffractogram of the final product of Example 2
- Figure 7a is a microphotograph of copper nanoparticles supported on attapulgite obtained according to the method described in Example 3;
- Figure 7b is another micrograph with less increase of the nanoparticles supported on attapulgite obtained according to the method of Example 3;
- Figure 8a is an X-ray diffractogram showing copper precipitated in the form of copper hydroxide sulfate on the attapulgite support according to example 3;
- Figure 8b is an X-ray diffractogram of the final product of Example 3; MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION EXAMPLE 1
- One liter of the copper solution (28.51 g of copper nitrate per liter) is prepared for a theoretical impregnation level of 5%. It is then acidified to pH 2, to ensure the dissolution of the copper salt.
- a micronized sepiolite dispersion with a particle size of 99.9% less than
- the sodium hydroxide solution is added slowly while stirring mechanically. Once the precipitation of the copper hydroxide has been carried out, the dispersion is vacuum filtered, washed and dried in an oven at 150 ° C. During this process it was observed that the BET surface area of the sepiolite was reduced from 439 to 121 m 2 / g.
- the sepiolite with the precursor is subjected to a reduction process in a tubular section chamber oven, with a controlled atmosphere of 10% H 2 /90% Ar.
- the oven is equipped with a programmer for temperature control ( ⁇ 1 ° C).
- the reduction cycle carried out consists of a heating at 10 ° C / min up to 500 ° C with 2 hours of maintenance and followed by a free cooling inside the oven.
- EXAMPLE 2 A silver solution containing 35.45 g of silver nitrate per liter is prepared, which is acidified to pH 2, with NO 3 H. On the silver nitrate solution is added a predispersion of sepiolite with a concentration of 10%. % in solids. The predispersion of sepiolite is prepared by dispersing 5 minutes in a high shear mechanical stirrer to ensure a good dispersion of the clay particles.
- the sepiolite used is a sepiolite of rheological grade PANGEL from TOLSA, SA
- the predispersion of sepiolite is added to the silver nitrate solution so that the Ag / sepiolite ratio is 15/100, it is stirred at high shear for 5 minutes more and a solution of 1M NaOH is added slowly with stirring until pH 12.
- the increase in pH causes the precipitation of the silver precursor which is homogeneously deposited on the surface of the sepiolite.
- the dispersion is filtered under vacuum and dried in an oven at 150 ° C. During this process, the BET surface area of the sepiolite was reduced from 439 to 204 m 2 / g.
- the sepiolite with the silver precursor (Ag 2 0 in this case) undergoes a reduction process in a tubular section camera similar to that described in the previous case but at a temperature of 400 ° C.
- a tubular section camera similar to that described in the previous case but at a temperature of 400 ° C.
- elongated sepiolite particles are obtained on which small silver nanoparticles appear following the direction parallel to the long dimension of the fibers of the sepiolite.
- An image of these particles can be seen in Figure 4a and 4b. In this case some particles of about 15 nm are seen together with small nanoparticles of few nm.
- the X-ray diffratrograms of the reduced sample show that indeed, the material is composed of sepiolite and silver (figs 5b).
- the optical absorption in Kulbeka Munk units of sepiolite samples with silver was measured by diffuse reflectance in the visible ultraviolet range.
- the plasmon was also observed, but at a higher frequency (3.4 eV) and irregular appearance, as it corresponds to the silver nanoparticles (Fig 6).
- EXAMPLE 3 A solution of copper sulfate containing 79.11 g of copper sulfate per liter are prepared and acidified with H 2 S0 4 to pH 2. Subsequently a predispersion attapulgite is added at a concentration of 10% solids . The predispersion of attapulgite is prepared by dispersing 5 minutes in a mechanical high shear stirrer to ensure a good dispersion of the clay particles.
- the attapulgite used is an ATTAGEL 40 attapulgite from Engelhard Corporation wet micronized according to the process described in EP-A-0170299.
- the predispersion of attapulgite is added to the copper sulphate solution so that the Cu / attapulgite ratio is 15/100, it is stirred at high shear for a further 5 minutes and a solution of 1M NaOH is added slowly to a pH of 5.5 under stirring. The increase in pH produces the precipitation of a sulphate copper hydroxide phase (figure 8a) that is homogeneously deposited on the surface of the attapulgite. Subsequently, the dispersion is filtered under vacuum and dried in an oven at 150 ° C. The attapulgite with the precursor is subjected to a reduction process in a tubular section chamber oven, with a controlled atmosphere of 10% H 2 /90% Ar.
- the reduction cycle carried out consists of a heating at 10 ° C / min up to 500 ° C with 2 hours of maintenance and followed by a free cooling inside the oven.
- copper nanoparticles supported on attapulgite fibers are obtained.
- acicular nanoparticles appear, parallel arranged according to the direction of the attapulgite fiber, about 30 nm in length by a few nanometers in width (Figure 7b).
- Figure 7b When these nanoparticles are observed in detail, it is found that they are formed by agglomerates of nanoparticles with an approximate size of 3 nm.
- the X-ray diffratrogram of the reduced sample shows that the material is indeed composed of attapulgite and metallic copper (figs 8b).
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
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EP04791361.1A EP1681097B1 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | Method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and materials thus obtained |
ES04791361.1T ES2539629T3 (es) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | Procedimiento para preparar nanopartículas metálicas, y materiales obtenidos por el procedimiento |
JP2006534772A JP4963608B2 (ja) | 2003-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | 金属ナノ粒子の製造法 |
US11/403,140 US7829493B2 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2006-04-12 | Method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and materials thus obtained |
US12/802,970 US7910511B2 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2010-06-17 | Method of preparing metallic nanoparticles and materials thus obtained |
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ES200302396A ES2229940B1 (es) | 2003-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | Procedimiento para preparar nanoparticulas metalicas y materiales obtenidos por el procedimiento. |
ESP-200302396 | 2003-10-15 |
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EP (1) | EP1681097B1 (es) |
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WO2012104460A1 (es) | 2011-02-01 | 2012-08-09 | Tolsa, S.A. | Método de obtención de un compuesto basado en silicatos pseudolaminares y su uso como carga para materiales poliméricos |
WO2013020972A2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | Acciona Infraestructuras, S.A. | Process for the preparation of an additive comprising supported and dispersed tio2 particles |
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CN101385978B (zh) * | 2007-09-12 | 2011-04-20 | 上海华谊丙烯酸有限公司 | 一种合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法 |
US8033715B2 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2011-10-11 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Nanoparticle based thermal history indicators |
NZ587127A (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-09-27 | Mattersmiths Technologies Ltd | Sub-micron compositions |
CN102218545B (zh) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-11-28 | 陶栋梁 | 化学法制备纳米铝的方法 |
ITMI20110974A1 (it) * | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-01 | Pirelli | Pneumatico ad alte prestazioni per ruote di veicoli |
KR101403698B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-06-27 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 금속 구조체 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN103420387B (zh) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-05-06 | 浙江大学 | 一种管状粘土矿物-磁性金属纳米复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN113603658A (zh) * | 2015-08-28 | 2021-11-05 | 利安德化学技术有限公司 | 环氧化工艺及其使用的催化剂 |
CN107500304B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-02-04 | 饶伟锋 | 一种浅色电绝缘激光活化可金属化粉末的制备方法 |
CN107445176B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-11-19 | 合复新材料科技(无锡)有限公司 | 锡锑掺杂浅色电绝缘激光活化可金属化粉末的制备方法 |
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WO2012104460A1 (es) | 2011-02-01 | 2012-08-09 | Tolsa, S.A. | Método de obtención de un compuesto basado en silicatos pseudolaminares y su uso como carga para materiales poliméricos |
WO2013020972A2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | Acciona Infraestructuras, S.A. | Process for the preparation of an additive comprising supported and dispersed tio2 particles |
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ES2229940A1 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
US20100261005A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
CN1894043A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
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CN100464856C (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
EP1681097B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
US20060293171A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
US7910511B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
US7829493B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
ES2229940B1 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
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ES2539629T3 (es) | 2015-07-02 |
JP4963608B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
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