WO2005028645A1 - MDR1遺伝子の5’制御領域におけるSNPs - Google Patents
MDR1遺伝子の5’制御領域におけるSNPs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005028645A1 WO2005028645A1 PCT/JP2004/013839 JP2004013839W WO2005028645A1 WO 2005028645 A1 WO2005028645 A1 WO 2005028645A1 JP 2004013839 W JP2004013839 W JP 2004013839W WO 2005028645 A1 WO2005028645 A1 WO 2005028645A1
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for determining the haplotype and diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) gene, more specifically, the translation initiation codon ATG in the base sequence of the 5' regulatory region of the MDR1 gene.
- the SNP at the position selected from the positions -2903, -2410, -2352, -1910, -1717 and -1325 is displayed. (—Nucleotide polymorphism) to determine the haplotype or diplotype of the 5 ′ control region of the MDR1 gene.
- P-glycoprotein P-glycoprotein
- the MDR1 gene is a known gene encoding P-gp, a 170 kDa transmembrane protein located on the cytoplasmic surface of cells, and its nucleotide sequence is also known.
- P-gp is composed of two transmembrane regions and two nucleotide binding regions.
- expression of P-gp causes cell resistance to a wide variety of anticancer drugs (eg, Scherf, U., Ross, DT, Waltham, ⁇ ., Smith, LH, Lee, JK, Tanabe, L., Kohn, KW, Reinhold, W. C, Myers, TG, Andrews, DT,
- MDR1 gene expression in malignant cancer cells YB-1 nuclear translocations (eg, Bargou, R. C. Jurchott, ⁇ ., Wagener, C "Bergmann, S” Metzner, S., Bommert, ⁇ ., Mapara, M.
- P-gp is expressed in normal cells of various organs such as intestine, liver, kidney, brain and placenta (eg, Thieoaut, F., Tsuruo, ⁇ ⁇ , Hamada, ⁇ ⁇ , Gottesman, ⁇ . ⁇ ., Pastan, ⁇ ⁇ , and Willin gham, MC Cellular localization of the multidrug— resistance gene product
- P glycoprotein in normal human tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 84: 7735-7738., 1987., Sugawara, I., Kataoka, I., Morishita, ⁇ ⁇ , Hamada, ⁇ ⁇ , Tsuruo, ⁇ ⁇ , Itoyama, S., and Mori, S. Tissue distribution of P—glycoprotein encoded by a
- Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood-brain barrier sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86: 695-698 ⁇ , 1989 ⁇ ). The broad substrate specificity and apical localization of P-gp strongly suggests that it plays a critical role in drug disposition in both animal models and the human body (eg, Schinkel, A. ⁇ ⁇ , Mayer, U., Wagenaar, ⁇ ⁇ , Mol, CA, van Deemter, L., Smit, JJ, van der Valk, MA, Voordouw, AC, Spits, ⁇ ⁇ , van Tellingen, ⁇ ⁇ , Zijlmans, JM, Fibbe, W.
- Schinkel, A. ⁇ ⁇ , Mayer, U., Wagenaar, ⁇ ⁇ , Mol, CA, van Deemter, L. Smit, JJ, van der Valk, MA, Voordouw, AC, Sp
- P-gp affects substrate uptake into the brain (eg, Thiebaut, F., Tsuruo, ⁇ ⁇ , Hamada, ⁇ ⁇ , Gottesman, ⁇ . ⁇ ., Pastan, ⁇ ⁇ , and Willingham, ⁇ . C.
- P glycoprotein in normal human tissues.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 84: 7735-7738., 1987., Schumacher, U. and Mollgard, K.
- the multidrug— resistance P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDRl) is an early marker or blood-brain barrier development in the microvessels of the developing human brain.Histochem Cell Biol, 108:
- c. 3435C ⁇ T (exon 26) was suggested to be involved in intestinal P-gp expression and uptake of oral dicoxin, a P-gp substrate. .
- c 3435C> T is not associated with placental expression of P-gp in Japanese subjects (eg, Tanabe, M., Ieiri, I., Nagata, N "Inoue , K., Ito, S "Kanamori, Y., Takahashi, M., Kurata, Y., Kigawa, J., Higuchi, S., Terakawa, N., and
- T, A which is an SNP in Exon 21 (eg Kim, RB, Leake, BF, Choo, EF, Dresser, GK, Kubba, SV, Schwarz, UI, Taylor, A., Xie, HG, McKinsey, J., Zhou, S., Lan, LB, Schuetz, JD, Schuetz, EG, and Wilkinson, GR Identification of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African
- ABC transporters are molecular targets that are key to the sensitivity and pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs, and clarifying the molecular background that causes individual differences in their expression is important for personalized treatment. Also, since many drugs are substrates of P-gp, the degree of P-gp expression and activity may directly affect the therapeutic efficacy of such drugs. In addition to pharmacological relevance, other clinical effects such as the following on inter-individual variation and expression levels of P-gp SNPs are also contemplated. Recently, the present inventors have found a role for P-gp in colorectal carcinogenesis in mice (Mochida, Y., Taguchi, K., Taniguchi, S., Tsuneyoshi, M., Kuwano, H.
- mice deficient in mdrla a homologous gene to human MDRl, have significantly increased DNA damage compared to wild-type mice I also found what I was doing.
- mdr la-deficient mice have a statistically lower number of polyps when compared to wild-type mice under the APCMin background.
- Inter-individual variability of P-gp expression in the large intestine may be related to human colorectal carcinogenesis.
- the SNP in the 5 'regulatory region of the human MDR1 gene is related to the expression of MDRl mRNA and P-gp in Japanese colorectal mucosa and liver, indicating that MDR1 SNP and drug reactivity It would provide a scheme for further analysis of the relationship between the two, as well as for further assessment of the importance of P-gp in inter-individual variability of drug responsiveness and cancer risk.
- the MDR1 gene is considered to be involved in the host defense by eliminating foreign substances, the pathological conditions and diseases caused by inflammatory bowel disease and other disruptions of the host defense function by removing foreign substances, cell survival, and anti-apoptosis It is thought that it is possible to predict and diagnose the onset of the disease dependent on the function.
- An object of the present invention is to focus on the ABC transporter, Pgp, which is expressed on the apical membrane and transports a wide range of substrates, and the haplotype of the MDR1 gene targeting the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene encoding P-gp, It is to provide a method for determining a diplotype.
- the present inventors analyzed the nucleotide sequence polymorphism of the 5 'regulatory region (5, upstream regulatory region) in which the transcription initiation site of the Japanese MDR1 gene also extends over 4 kb, and found that 8 single nucleotides within this region.
- a polymorphism was identified (see Figure 1). Two of these eight identified SNPs (692T> C and 934A> G) were known, but the remaining six (1325A> G, 1717T> C, 1910T> C, SNPs of 2352G> A, 2410T> C, and 2903T> C) were unreported, and three of them (--1910T> C, 2352G> A, 2410T> C) were completely unlinked.
- the present invention provides, in the nucleotide sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, positions -2903, 2410, A haplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, characterized by detecting a polymorphism at a position selected from positions 2352, 1910, 1717 and 1325 And the method of determining Z or diplotype (Claim 1), and in the nucleotide sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, the position is indicated at a position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1.
- polymorphisms at positions 934 and / or 692 are detected
- a method for determining the haplotype and Z or diplotype of the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene (claim 2), and a method for determining whether or not the base force at position -2903 is thymine or cytosine.
- the method for determining the haplotype and Z or diplotype of the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene according to claim 1 or 2 (Claim 3), and checking whether the base is thymine or cytosine at position 2410
- the present invention relates to a method for determining diplotype (claim 8).
- the present invention provides a nucleotide sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, wherein the base at the position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1 is thymine; 5′-regulation of the MDR1 gene, characterized in that the base at position 2352 is replaced with adenine, the base at position ⁇ 1910 is replaced with thymine, the base at position ⁇ 934 is replaced with adenine, and the base at position ⁇ 692 is replaced with thymine.
- the base sequence of the region DNA (Claim 9) or the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene it is displayed at the position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1. Then, the base at position -2410 is replaced with cytosine, the base at position -2352 is replaced with guanine, the base at position -1910 is replaced with cytosine, the base at position -934 is replaced with guanine, and the base at position 692 is replaced with cytosine.
- the position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1 is indicated.
- the base at position --2410 is cytosine
- the base at position 2352 is adenine
- the base at position --1910 is cytosine
- the base at position --934 is guanine
- the base at position 692 is cytosine.
- the present invention relates to the nucleotide sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, wherein the position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1 is -2903 position, -2410
- a primer set comprising a forward primer that hybridizes with a region upstream of the position where the type is detected and a reverse primer that hybridizes with a region downstream of the position where the polymorphism is detected (claim 13);
- the present invention also provides a method for determining a diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene according to claim 14, wherein the genotyping is performed by the TaqMan (registered trademark) method (claim 15).
- the genotyping is performed by the TaqMan (registered trademark) method (claim 15).
- a probe and primer set used in a method for determining the diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene for detecting a polymorphism at a position and positions selected from positions -2410, 1910, and -692
- the probe and primer set according to claim 16 wherein the probe and primer set are used in a method for determining the diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene by the TaqMan (registered trademark) method.
- a method for predicting the onset of colorectal cancer which is characterized by using a method for judging colorectal cancer (Claim 18) .
- the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is + If 1 When displayed at the corresponding position, it targets one or more positions selected from -2903, -2410, -235 2, 1910, 1717 and 1325, 934, and -692
- the present invention relates to a method for developing an MDR1 expression regulator (claim 19).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the positions of SNPs in the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the association between diplotype in the 5 ′ control region and the mRNA level of the MDR1 gene.
- MDRl mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR in 72 normal colorectal mucosa. The 72 samples were divided by diplotype: diplotype A (noplotype lZl), diplotype B (noplotype 1Z2), diplotype C (haplotype 1Z3), and diplotype D (noplotype 2Z2). MDRl mRNA levels were normalized by GAPDH mRNA levels.
- B 5 polymorphisms in the 5 'control region (1 2410, 1 2352, 1 1910, -934 and
- FIG. 3 shows the results of immunohistological staining of P-gp with the JSB-1 antibody.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of detection of a protein binding to the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
- NE indicates a nuclear extract.
- the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG in the base sequence of the 5' regulatory region of the MDR1 gene is +
- the polymorphism at one or more positions selected from -2903, -2410, -2352, -1910, -1717 and -1325 is detected.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method of performing the above, the positions-2903,-2410,-2352,-1910,-1717 and-1325 are also selected.
- the method of detecting the polymorphism at the positions -2410, 2352, 1910, -934 and 692 is preferable.
- the position where the polymorphism is detected is indicated at a position corresponding to the case where the first base of the ATG start codon is +1.
- the ATG start codon is located at exon 2 and the transcription start site corresponds to 699 in this numbering system.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 contains the complementary sequence (MDR1) of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene.
- which is complementary sequence information from one gene region. Therefore, for example, it can be seen that the complementary base "T” that forms a base pair with the 2410th base "A” in SEQ ID NO: 1 is the base at position -2410.
- the positions-2903,-2410, -2352,-1910,-1717,-1325, -934 and 692 are also selected (hereinafter referred to as "predetermined mutation positions").
- the method for detecting the polymorphism in (ii) is that the base at position -2903 is thymine or cytosine, or that the base at position -2410 is thymine or cytosine.
- Power of guanine or adenine Power of base at position ⁇ 1910 is thymine or cytosine
- power of base of position ⁇ 1717 is thymine or cytosine
- power of base at position 1325 is adenine or guanine
- ⁇ 934 A method for examining whether the base at the position is adenine or guanine and a method for checking whether the base at the position -692 is thymine or cytosine can be exemplified.
- the base at position 2903 is thymine
- the base at position 2410 is thymine
- the base at position 2352 is guanine
- the base at position 1910 is thymine
- the base at position 1717 is thymine
- the base sequence complementary to the base sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of a normal MDR1 gene in which the base at position 1325 is adenine, the base at position -934 is adenine, and the base at position -692 is thymine is shown.
- Methods for detecting a polymorphism at a predetermined mutation position include PCR, ligand string reaction, restriction enzyme digestion, direct nucleotide sequencing, nucleic acid amplification, hybridization, immunoassay, and the like.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it can detect a conventionally known SNP using mass spectrometry or the like.
- the nucleotide sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene is already known!
- a forward primer that hybridizes with a region upstream of a predetermined mutation position (a position at which a polymorphism is detected) as shown in Table 1 below
- a reverse primer that hybridizes with a region downstream of the predetermined mutation position.
- a primer set SEQ ID NOS: 2-25
- a method for examining restriction fragment length polymorphism R FLP
- R FLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
- ASO Hybridization ARMS method, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis , RNaseA cleavage method, chemical cleavage method, DOL method, Invader method, MALDI-TOF, MS method, TDI method, molecular ⁇ -beacon method, dynamic 'alleles specific' novelization method, nodlock 'probe method, UCAN Method, a nucleic acid hybridization method using a DNA chip or a DNA microarray, and an ECA method.
- a primer having a size of 15 to 40 nucleotides, preferably about 20 nucleotides is used.
- the size of the amplification region is not particularly limited. Genomic DNA, which is the type II of PCR, can be obtained from samples containing live or dead cells, such as peripheral blood, hair roots, oral mucosa, and blood smears, in a conventional manner, regardless of the presence or absence of MDR1 expression. It can be prepared.
- the haplotype or diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene may be determined by detecting polymorphisms at all predetermined mutation positions. You may detect and determine. For example, if a minor allele has a certain degree of polymorphism at each of the positions ⁇ 2410, 2352, 1910, ⁇ 934 and 692, it can be reduced to a haplotype or diplotype.
- the 5 'regulatory region DNA of the MDR1 gene of the present invention is represented by a position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1 in the base sequence of the 5' regulatory region of the MDR1 gene.
- the base at position ⁇ 2410 is thymine
- the base at position ⁇ 2352 is guanine
- the base at position ⁇ 1910 is thymine
- the base at position ⁇ 934 is adenine
- the base at position ⁇ 692 is thymine. 5 'of MDR1 gene along with DNA Configure haplotypes for your domain.
- the primer set of the present invention includes the following sequence at the position corresponding to the case where the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG is +1 in the base sequence of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene: Primer set used in the method for determining the haplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene that detects polymorphisms at positions where positions 2903, -2410, -2352, -1910, -1717 and -1325 are also selected And a forward primer that hybridizes to a region upstream of the position where the polymorphism is detected, and a reverse primer that hybridizes to a region downstream of the position where the polymorphism is detected.
- the size of the amplification region is not particularly limited, for example, as shown in Table 1, P5FZR for detecting a polymorphism at position ⁇ 2410 (SEQ ID NOS: 10 and 11), P6FZR for detecting a polymorphism at position ⁇ 2352 ( SEQ ID NOS: 12 and 13), P7FZR for detecting polymorphism at position ⁇ 1910 (SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 15), P8FZR for detecting polymorphism at position ⁇ 1717 (SEQ ID NOs: 16 and 17), and polymorphism at position ⁇ 1325
- P5FZR for detecting a polymorphism at position ⁇ 2410 SEQ ID NOS: 10 and 11
- P6FZR for detecting a polymorphism at position ⁇ 2352
- P7FZR for detecting polymorphism at position ⁇ 1910
- P8FZR for detecting polymorphism at position ⁇ 1717 (SEQ ID NOs: 16 and
- the first base of the translation initiation codon ATG in the base sequence of the 5' regulatory region of the MDR1 gene was set to +1.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for detecting the polymorphism at the position of ⁇ 2352 position and the position at which the power of ⁇ 2410, 1910, and ⁇ 692 positions are also selected.
- polymorphisms at the positions -2352 G (A) and -692 T (C) are detected, and (1 2352, 692 Z 2352, -692) becomes (G, Diplotypes such as (T / G, T) ⁇ (G, T / A, T) ⁇ (G, T / G, C), (A, T / A, ⁇ ) ⁇ (G, C / G, C) Judgment can be classified.
- a method of determining the diplotype of the 5 'regulatory region of the powerful MDR1 gene a method of performing genotyping by the TaqMan method can be advantageously exemplified.
- Probes and primer sets used when performing genotyping by the TaqMan method include:-a G detection probe shown in SEQ ID NO: 61 for typing 2352, an A detection probe shown in SEQ ID NO: 62, The primer sets shown in SEQ ID NOs: 63 and 64, the T-detection probe shown in SEQ ID NO: 69, the C-detection probe shown in SEQ ID NO: 70, and the primer set shown in SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72 for typing 692 Preferred examples can be given.
- the appearance frequency of diplotypes that are expected to have a high expression level of the MDR1 gene is higher in the colorectal cancer patient disease group than in the general healthy control group (according to statistical analysis, the MDR1 gene
- the diplotype A with high expression, the intermediate diplotypes B and C, and the diplotypes D and E with low MDR1 are analyzed collectively and the odds ratio is obtained.
- D and E showed half of 0.524
- diplotypes B and C showed an intermediate value of 0.892
- Genomic DNA from volunteer blood samples was isolated using the QiaAmp blood kit (Qiagen), and DNA from patient tissues was isolated using the Easy DNA Kit (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Isolated. RNA was isolated using the RNA extractant TRIzol (Invitrogen Life Technologies) or Rneasy (Qiagen), respectively, according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- Specific oligonucleotide primers for PCR amplification of the MDR1 gene fragment were derived from a known sequence [GenBank accession nos .: 5 'regulatory region, exons 1-7 for AC002457 and exons 8-28 for exons. AC005068].
- the position of the SNP in the exon is that of the MDR1 cDNA with the first base of the ATG start codon set to +1 [GenBank accession no .: M14758, codon TTC of exon 10, F335 is missing in this sequence] Equivalent to position. Chen et aU exon is defined (Chen, C.
- a haplotype of an individual that is heterozygous at the locus of at least one SNP is prepared using a four-primer MDR1P5F and a reverse primer MDR1P11R. Specified by PCR amplification and sequencing. Table 1 shows the nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 2 to 25) of the 12 primer sets used for screening for the SNP of the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene over about 4 kb. PCR amplification was performed using a highly compatible DNA polymerase, KOD-Plus (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- the fragment was inserted into pT7Blue-3 vector (Novagen) and subcloned. At least six colonies were selected and the plasmid was purified with the Qiagen DNA Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. The SNP site was analyzed by sequencing to confirm the haplotype.
- MDR1P1F T TATGTCTCAGCCrGGGCG 324
- MDR1P1R TCACAGGAGAGCAGACACGT
- MDR1P2F CTC TGCrCACTCTAGGGAC 227
- MDR1P3F CACATATCATCTGAOAAGCCCA 233
- MDR1P4F AGGCAGTGAAGTGOTGTGTC 453
- MDR1P4R ACCTTCArrCAAOCGG OAr
- DR1PSF ATOAOAGCGGAGOACAAGAA 469
- MDR1P6R AGG rrCTAACAGG CACTA
- MDR1P7R CTTGGCCTTACAArACAArG
- MDR1P8F CGACAAAGCAAGACTCCG C 438
- MDR1PSR CCITCCATAnTACTGCCAACA
- MDR1P9F GAATTGTGCAGAITGCACG 437
- DR1P9R TCCCACCrCrCCAATTCrGT
- MDR1P10F AGCATGCTGAAGAAAGACCA 380
- D 1P10R TCAGCCTCACCACAGATGAC
- MDR1P12F GGGACCAAOTGGCGTrAGAT 474
- fragments containing -2604 to -570 were amplified from templates corresponding to haplotypes 1 and 2 homozygotes and haplotypes 1 and 3 heterozygotes.
- Forward primers 5'-AAAGCTAGCTGTC AGTGG AGC AAAG AAATG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 26) and reverse primers 5'-AAAGCTAGCCTCGCGCTCCTTGGAA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 27) each containing a Nhel site were used.
- These amplified products were inserted into the Nhel site of a pGL3 basic vector (Promega). The SNP site of the construct was confirmed by sequencing.
- a human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was used.
- Cells were cultured at 37 ° C under humidified conditions containing 5% carbon dioxide.
- the plate was incubated at 37 ° C for 6 hours after adding the DNA-LIPOFECTAMINE complex, after which the growth medium was changed. Plates were incubated for an additional 24 hours until luciferase atsey.
- Firefly and renilla luciferase activities were measured with a luminometer using a Dual Lucifer Error Reporter Atssay System (Promega). The data were obtained by using the Renilla luciferase activity for transfection efficiency. Normalized. The transfection was performed three times in all experiments, using a 3-well of a 24-well plate containing the same transfection reaction.
- the first antibody used was P-gpFSB-1) (mouse monoclonal, Sanbio). Immunostaining of P-gp was performed according to the description in the literature (32). For reliable quantitative detection by immunohistology, villin, an additional marker protein expressed in enterocytes, was used. ImageGauge software (manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) was used for the quantitative determination.
- the DNA sequence of the sense strand of each oligonucleotide is as follows: , —G AGCTC ATTCG AGTA GCGGCTCTTCC—3 ′ (—692T; SEQ ID NO: 30) and 5′—GAGCTCATTCGAGC AGCGGCTCTTCC-3 ′ (one 692C; SEQ ID NO: 31).
- Nuclear extracts protein 2 ⁇ ⁇
- various competitors were added in a final volume of 101 reaction mixtures containing 2 ⁇ l of 5 ⁇ binding buffer; 5 mM DTT; 10 ng poly (dl-dC); and 1 ⁇ 104 cpm 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe. Incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature in the presence or absence. We tried five different types of binding buffers and identified the one that produced the sharpest and slowest appearing band, which was used in subsequent studies.
- the composition of the 5X binding buffer used for the detailed analysis is as follows.
- Buffer A 60 mM HEPES, 300 mM KC1, 20 mM MgC12, 5 mM EDTA, 60% (v / v) glycerol;
- Buffer B 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 250 mM NaCl, 12.5 mM CaC12 , 5 mM EDTA, 40% (v / v) glycerol.
- the samples were then run in 4% polyacrylamide gel (ratio of polyacrylamide Z bisacrylamide, 79: 1) in Tris-borate EDTA buffer (0.089M Tris, 0.089M boric acid and 0.002M EDTA). Electrophoresis It was.
- the gel was exposed to an imaging plate and analyzed using a Fujix BAS 2000 Bioimaging Analyzer (Fuji Film Photography).
- MDR1 mRNA levels versus diplotype results were analyzed with the Kruskato Wallis test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ⁇ 0.05.
- the correlation between MDR1 mRNA levels and P-gp levels was identified by Spearman's test. This test is usually used for nonparametric analysis when it is not clear whether a variable exhibits normal distribution. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Spearman's coefficient (r) and associated probabilities (P) were calculated. In a transfection experiment, an unpaired t-test was performed to compare the relative luciferase activities of reporter constructs containing haplotypes 1, 2 or 3 in the 5 'regulatory region of the MDR1 gene.
- the ATG start codon is located at exon 2 and the transcription start site corresponds to -699 from ATG in genomic DNA.
- a 2 kb fragment containing these polymorphic sites at -2410, -2352, 11910, -934 and 1692 was amplified by PCR.
- analysis of homozygotes at all of these sites was omitted, and at least one of these sites used heterozygous samples.
- After subcloning the amplified fragment into the pT7Blue3 vector its nucleotide sequence was identified.
- the frequency of minor alleles at -2903, 1-1717 and-1325 was too low (0.02) for statistical analysis, and these three alleles were excluded from the analysis. The frequency was determined by checking the corresponding fragment of the region by PCR amplification and sequencing.
- Each of the 72 normal colorectal mucosa was examined to determine its association with MDRl mRNA levels.
- MDRl mRNA of diplotypes B and C each with one haplotype 1
- the mean level was between the values of diplotypes A and D.
- c. 3435C> T is related to the colon and liver MDRl mRNA levels in the present invention.
- Gut (P 0.7)
- CJ435T polymorphism in the MDRl gene affects the enterocyte expression level of CYP3A4 rather than Pgp in recipients of living-donor liver transplantation.
- Pharmacogenetics, 12: 451-457, 2002 or placenta (Tanabe, M., Ieiri, I., Nagata, N "Inoue, K., Ito, S., Kanamori , Y., Takahashi, M., Kurata, Y., Kigawa, J., Higuchi, S., Terakawa, N., and Otsubo, K.
- diplotype A was set to 1
- diplotypes D and E were about half of 0.524
- diplotypes B and C had an intermediate value of 0.892. From these facts, it can be estimated that diplotypes D and E have about half the risk of developing colorectal cancer as compared to diplotype A. [0050] [Table 4]
- the TaqMan method is a method developed by Applied Biosystems, and uses an allele-specific probe having each SNP and a region-specific PCR primer. When the probe hybridizes to the PCR amplification region, the probe loses its orientation and emits fluorescence along with the PCR amplification. By measuring this fluorescence, it can be determined whether or not the allele-specific probe has hybridized.
- the set of probes and primers for detecting each SNP is as follows.
- G detection probe AGGTGAGATAAAGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 61)
- a detection probe TCCCCAATGATTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 65)
- G detection probe CCCCAGTGATTCAG (SEQ ID NO: 66)
- T detection probe TTCGAGTAGCGGCTC (SEQ ID NO: 69)
- haplotypes 1, 2 and 3 were studied on the genomic DNA of volunteers carrying three naturally occurring haplotypes (nodrotypes 1, 2 and 3). 'Closed the control region. Next, the fragment was ligated to the reporter gene in the pGL3 basic vector. Due to the low frequency of polymorphisms at -1717 and 1325, a reporter plasmid was constructed using genomic DNA having the T monomorphism at 1717 and the A monomorphism at -1325. These three constructs were then transfected into the human liver cancer cell line HepG2. After 48 hours of transfection, promoter activity was analyzed and normalized with cotransfection phRL-TK activity.
- the relative luciferase activity is shown as a ratio when the activity of the haplotype 1 construct is 100%.
- Data are presented as SD (standard deviation) of mean-related expression in four individual experiments. Each experiment was evaluated using three dishes (*! ⁇ Ku .. 05).
- the minor constructs carrying haplotypes 2 and 3 were expressed in 85.3 ⁇ 4.65% and 87.1 ⁇ 1.64% of the major type constructs carrying haplotype 1, respectively. did.
- the electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to determine whether the SNP force of the MDR1 5 'regulatory region alters nuclear protein binding.
- 2352G> A was examined (Fig. 4A).
- probe 2352G was incubated with nuclear extracts of liver cells, a late appearing band was observed. This band was 3 times weaker than when -2352A was incubated.
- the specificity of the DNA-protein interaction was demonstrated by an appropriate competition attest. That is, the upper band is almost completely absent in the presence of a 10-fold excess of unlabeled oligonucleotide 2352G.Addition of an excess of minor oligonucleotide 235 2A inhibits protein binding to probe 2352G. Did not.
- SNPs of the human MRP2 gene encoding the ABC transporter I also looked at Genomic DNA was extracted from the bone marrow containing leukocytes obtained from children with leukemia with consent, and polymorphisms were searched for all 32 exons of the MRP2 gene and 4 kb upstream of the promoter region using the direct sequence method, and 21 SNPs were identified. Was identified. Table 5 shows the results. Similar to the MDR1 gene, the probe and primer sets for genotyping by the TaqMan method are as follows.
- G detection probe CTGGTTGTAGGGCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 77)
- a detection probe CCTGGTTATAGGGCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 78)
- T detection probe ATGCTACCAATGTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 82)
- T detection probe AAGTAAGGTCTTTTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 86)
- Probe for C detection CATCCACTGCAGACAG (SEQ ID NO: 89)
- T detection probe TCCACTGCAAACAG (SEQ ID NO: 90)
- G detection probe AGGCCAAGGCAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 93)
- a detection probe AGGCCAAGACAGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 94)
- a detection probe ACTGTTTCTCCAATGGTGTA (SEQ ID NO: 98)
- C detection probe TCAAAGGAGAAGTGGTTTA (SEQ ID NO: 101)
- the haplotype or diplotype of the MDR1 gene which targets the 5 ′ regulatory region of the MDR1 gene, which is an ABC transporter that is expressed on the apical membrane and transports a wide range of substrates.
- the results of individual haplotype and diplotype determinations of the 5' Treatment becomes possible. Because it is useful as a marker for predicting cancer risk and progression, it can be applied to tailor-made prevention by assessing cancer risk.
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