WO2005028081A1 - Dispositif et procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement et de traitement d'air evacue au plasma - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement et de traitement d'air evacue au plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005028081A1
WO2005028081A1 PCT/EP2004/010535 EP2004010535W WO2005028081A1 WO 2005028081 A1 WO2005028081 A1 WO 2005028081A1 EP 2004010535 W EP2004010535 W EP 2004010535W WO 2005028081 A1 WO2005028081 A1 WO 2005028081A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structured
electrode
exhaust
gas
exhaust air
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PCT/EP2004/010535
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Grundmann
Siegfried Müller
Wolfgang Reich
Rolf-Jürgen ZAHN
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Institut Für Niedertemperatur- Plasmaphysik E.V.
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Priority to EP04786969A priority Critical patent/EP1663454A1/fr
Publication of WO2005028081A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005028081A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/20—Non-catalytic reduction devices
    • F23J2219/201—Reducing species generators, e.g. plasma, corona

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of exhaust gas purification, in particular a device for decomposing soot from exhaust gases from combustion processes, the soot being subjected to a plasma treatment with a device which works on the principle of dielectric barrier discharge.
  • the invention is also suitable for decomposing toxic or environmentally harmful gaseous exhaust gas components. It can also be used for the plasma treatment of exhaust air mixed with aerosols.
  • DBE dielectric barrier discharge
  • This form of discharge is characterized by the fact that it can be operated in a wide pressure range and ranges from a few 10 mbar to a few bar.
  • the electrode spacing is in the range from tenths of a mm to a few mm.
  • Dielectrically impeded discharges are characterized in that at least one of the conductive electrodes is provided with a dielectric, which then forms an insulated electrode, or that this dielectric is arranged between the conductive electrodes.
  • the shape of such arrangements can take many forms. Depending on this form and the other parameters, specific properties of the DBE are often achieved.
  • the DBE can be operated with sinusoidal or rectangular AC voltages in the range from a few Hz to several 100 kHz. Due to the insulation and the charge carriers deposited on it, the discharge is limited automatically after the breakdown and the discharge duration is usually only a fraction of the half-period of the applied maintenance voltage. This simplifies control. There is also no major gas heating.
  • Various designs of the DBE in the gas space that forms the discharge space are known from the form of the discharge. Frequently with large-area electrodes, numerous small to a few tenths of a millimeter thick discharge filaments, also called filaments, are usually formed in a statistically distributed manner. The filaments form widenings in the transition area to the insulated electrodes, which often merge into surface sliding discharges with numerous other thin discharge channels.
  • Such sliding discharge phenomena can be dominant in special arrangements, so-called coplanar or surface discharge arrangements. It is also known that homogeneous, non-filamented discharge structures can be formed in particular in gas fillings with noble gases or their mixtures. Most of the time, the discharge tends to filament. In addition, various combinations and transitional forms of discharge training are possible. Some of the special arrangements in the literature are also given specific names in order to emphasize special discharge properties. Examples of this are the surface discharge arrangements and coplanar discharge arrangements already mentioned, but also sliding discharges or surface sliding discharges. The distance between the electrodes is then Discharge path resulting from gas. Here the term DBE is also intended to include such special arrangements or characteristic discharge properties. Regardless of the type of training, the term DBE is used here as a generic term for the various types of training.
  • DBE DBE
  • G. J. Pietsch and M. Haacke Some properties of different types of dielectric barrier discharges for ozone production, Int. Sympos. on High Pressure Low Temperature Plasma Chem., Greifswald / Germ., Sep. 10-13, 2000, Contributed Papers Vol. 2, pp. 299-303, and U. Kogelschatz, B. Eliasson, W. Egli, Dielectric Barrier Discharge's Principle and Applications, Invited Plenary Lecture, XXIII ICPIG, July 17-22 ., 1997, Toulouse / France, J. Phys. IV, France 7 (1997) 04-47.
  • DE-OS 195 25 754 A1 and DE-OS 195 25 749 A1 have also been proposed, for example in DE-OS 195 25 754 A1 and DE-OS 195 25 749 A1, to divide the reactor volume into spatially periodic structures, so that discharge zones and discharge-free zones arise in the direction of flow.
  • the shape has means for increasing the field in the area of the discharge zones.
  • DE-OS 195 25 749 A1 also provides for the introduction of chemically active materials in the area of the surfaces of the structures.
  • DE-OS 195 34 950 A1 describes a reactor which consists of several modules with a plurality of parallel and spatially separated channels in a dielectric body with electrodes inserted therein. A similar structure results from DE 100 27 409 C1. It specifies a plasma reactor in which a Plasma is formed in a penetration section between the profiles of two components, the cores of which consist of differently shaped sheet metal layers. The penetration section for the plasma generation is located between two components, in which channels are then formed. The components also have channel structures.
  • At least one electrode consists of a voltage-excited plasma.
  • the exhaust gas stream to be treated flows longitudinally to the electrode surfaces running parallel to one another through the discharge space. It enters one end of the discharge space formed by the electrodes and exits the other end.
  • soot-laden exhaust gas such as diesel exhaust gas
  • the soot particles would largely pass the system freely because of the relatively open structure of such reactors, without the soot particles being completely converted to CO or CO2 or otherwise bound.
  • the linear expansion in the direction of flow must be dimensioned so that even in the worst case there is a complete decomposition. Under practical conditions, an inadequate length extension of the treatment room would be necessary. This also increases energy consumption.
  • Electrodes insulated on both sides are proposed which, in the direction of flow, consist of waves with constant electrode spacing, of waves with repetitive changes in the electrode spacing or of fold patterns. Soot is separated by inertial forces and supported by electrical fields.
  • the degree of separation of such an arrangement is inadequate due to the flow, in particular for small particles. Furthermore, a voltage-resistant coating of the electrodes is necessary, which is complex. Spacers between the electrodes are also required.
  • DE 197 17 890 C1 has also already proposed collecting soot on a porous filter element and exposing it to the plasma of a DBE.
  • a similar principle is given in DE 100 57 862 C1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a freely flowable filter system with regeneration by a plasma, in which the plasma is formed with a DBE, in which there is also sufficient space for the intermediate storage of soot and a reservoir for Ash deposits are present and where the filter medium is accessible and can be exposed to the plasma at all points.
  • the invention should be suitable for the plasma treatment of exhaust air which is mixed with aerosols.
  • the structure of the system should be compact and technologically simple to manufacture and inexpensive.
  • the device according to the invention contains, as an essential element, a coherent form, structured in all spatial directions, made of an electrically conductive material, which on the one hand serves as an electrode and in this case represents an electrode structured in all spatial directions, hereinafter also structured Designated electrode.
  • an insulating material is in contact with the insulating material. This insulating material forms a delimiting surface for the structured electrode.
  • the structured electrode also acts as a spacer.
  • a structured gas space with partial gas spaces hereinafter called structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1
  • Another electrode is also attached to the insulating material.
  • the structured gas space with partial gas spaces forms the gas space for discharges.
  • the structured electrode is formed by a wire mesh, coherent bodies or structures or individual bodies lying one against the other made of an electrically conductive material, these forming an orderly filling of one or two layers.
  • the structured electrode can also consist of a sheet of sheet metal, perforated sheet metal, porous sheet metal material or thin wire fibers (metal fleece) which forms such sheets or approximates these sheets.
  • the structured gas space formed by the structured electrode and the insulating material with partial gas spaces has an open structure on two opposite end faces for the inflow and outflow of exhaust gas.
  • the structured electrode practically also functions as a filter element.
  • the open structure for the lateral inflow and outflow of soot-containing exhaust gas is designed in such a way that there are numerous deflections of the gas flow between the inlet and outlet and thus good separation of particles. With this arrangement, only a small flow back pressure is generated. Furthermore, the dwell time of the exhaust gas in the discharge configuration is lengthened by the numerous deflections of the gas flow and enlargement of the flow cross section. This increases the efficiency for the deposition and direct oxidation of particles suspended in the gas space by means of a plasma.
  • the shape of the electrode structure according to the invention is essential. From the point of view of optimal plasma generation, the electrode structure is chosen in such a way that there is no concentration of the discharge at the tips or sharp edges. Rather, as flat or rounded surfaces as possible are provided for the structure of the electrodes.
  • the shape of the electrode structure ensures that the surfaces free towards the structured gas space with partial gas spaces are included in the discharge process, provided that a suitable alternating voltage is applied for the ignition.
  • an optimal discharge path will always be set, which corresponds to the minimum in dependence of the ignition voltage on the product of gas space thickness d and gas pressure p. In other words, a discharge is initially initiated in the immediate vicinity of the contact area of the dielectric and the protruding area of the material structures or structured electrode, because the optimal electrode spacings (gas space thicknesses) are available for ignition.
  • the discharge current is distributed over a larger section of the half-cycle of the applied AC voltage, which represents a great relief for the control, since maximum power does not have to be delivered in the shortest possible time.
  • the plasma can also directly include the surfaces of the structured electrode functioning as a filter element in the oxidation of the particles deposited there.
  • the structured gas space with the partial gas spaces results in a substantially increased storage capacity for soot particles and in particular for slag products resulting from the regeneration. This significantly extends the service life compared to conventional small-pore filter systems with plasma regeneration.
  • the structured electrode can be shaped differently. It can be shaped as a mirror-symmetrical or asymmetrical structure to the insulating material boundary (s) covering it, or the electrode structure is, seen from an insulating material boundary, identical to the other viewing direction as a negative structure (i.e. spatially offset), as is the case with a structured sheet metal layer or wire mesh shape.
  • a negative structure i.e. spatially offset
  • mountain and valley structures are preferred for the structured electrode, an offset to the previous order being provided in the direction of inflow, so that the gas flow can be deflected on the way between inlet and outlet. Optimal particle separation is thus achieved, while the throughflow is largely retained. Due to the mountain and valley structure of the structured electrode, a well-distributed plasma formation is also achieved over the surface.
  • a stacked construction can easily be realized by simply alternating a sequence of the described elements structured electrode and insulating material. Even non-structured electrodes, as usually used in the prior art, hereinafter also referred to as smooth electrodes, can be included in the sequence, as explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments.
  • the electrodes are alternately combined into two groups. One electrode group is preferably grounded and the other electrode group is supplied with a suitable AC voltage.
  • the device according to the invention contains, as an essential element, a coherent shape, which is structured in all spatial directions and is made of an electrically non-conductive material
  • the structured insulating material acts simultaneously as a dielectric and as a spacer.
  • the functioning with regard to deposition and oxidation corresponds to the principle already described above.
  • Further advantageous configurations, operating modes and combinations with other methods are also possible, as shown in the description of exemplary embodiments and operating modes. ⁇ /tech-solution> ⁇ /disclosure>
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the principle of a device in a three-dimensional exploded view
  • FIG. 2a shows a sectional view of the basic structure with a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes
  • FIG. 2b a 3-dimensional representation of a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes corresponding to FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the principle of a device in a three-dimensional exploded view
  • FIG. 2a shows a sectional view of the basic structure with a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes
  • FIG. 2b shows a 3-dimensional representation of a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes corresponding to FIG. 2a
  • FIG. 2a shows schematically the principle of a device in a three-dimensional exploded view
  • FIG. 2a shows a sectional view of the basic structure with a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes
  • FIG. 2b shows a 3-dimensional representation of a structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes corresponding to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 a sectional representation of the basic structure with two structured electrodes consisting of spherical shapes and three smooth electrodes
  • FIG. 4 a 3-dimensional one 5 shows a 3-dimensional exploded view of a stacked arrangement with three electrodes made of wire mesh
  • FIG. 6 shows a 3-dimensional view of a structured electrode with flat sections from a formed sheet metal layer
  • FIG. 7 a 3-dimensional representation g of a structured electrode made of a formed sheet metal layer
  • FIG. 8 schematic representation of the inflow side with a porous three-dimensionally structured electrode and with a closure of one of the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces
  • 9 is a 3-dimensional exploded view of a stack arrangement with three structured dielectrics.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the basic structure of a device in a 3-dimensional exploded view. In the figure, only the elements important for the function are shown.
  • the arrangement includes a coherent form, structured in all spatial directions, made of an electrically conductive material.
  • This element serves as an electrode in one function and in this case represents an electrode structured in all spatial directions, hereinafter always referred to as structured electrode 2.
  • a plate made of insulating material 3 is attached to this structured electrode 2.
  • the areas of the coherent structure made of conductive material or structured electrode 2 protruding toward the insulating material 3 are in contact with the plate of insulating material 3.
  • This insulating material 3 forms a delimiting surface for the structured electrode 2.
  • structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 a gas space structured in all spatial directions with partial gas spaces, hereinafter referred to as structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1, is formed between the structured electrode 2 and the plate made of insulating material 3.
  • a flat, smooth electrode 4 is also attached to the insulating material 3.
  • the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 now forms the gas space for discharges in the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the embodiment variant shown does not require any spacers, since the structured electrode 2 also fulfills this function.
  • the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 formed by the structured electrode 2 and the insulating material 3 is for the delimiting surface made of insulating material 3 open.
  • the arrangement according to the invention has an open structure for the inflow and outflow of exhaust gas between two opposite sides. The other two sides are each closed by a suitable side seal.
  • the open structure for the lateral inflow and outflow of exhaust gas is shaped so that there are numerous deflections of the gas flow between the inlet and outlet.
  • the shape of the structured electrode 2 and the structured Gas space with partial gas spaces 1 for the deflection of the gas flow between inlet and outlet in the inflow direction is designed such that an offset to the previous order of the conical structures is formed, so that a direct rectilinear flow is prevented.
  • the exhaust gas to be treated in particular also soot-laden exhaust gas, can flow relatively freely through the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 between an inlet side and an outlet side, and furthermore a good separation of particles on the structured electrode 2 can be achieved.
  • the structured electrode 2 thus also functions as a filter element which can be flowed through relatively freely.
  • the dwell time of the exhaust gas and thus of the particles in the discharge configuration is extended by the numerous deflections of the gas flow and enlargement of the flow cross section. This increases the efficiency for treatment with a plasma.
  • the shapes of the structured electrode 2 and the three-dimensionally structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 allow a substantially increased storage capacity for soot particles or slag products resulting from the plasma treatment without a noticeable increase in the exhaust gas back pressure.
  • the shape of the structured electrode 2 is essential for the overall function. In addition to the aspects of flow, filtering and storage, optimal plasma generation also plays an important role.
  • the structured electrode 2 in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 is designed in a shape in which conical structures rise from a plate.
  • the proposed device now enables an additional advantageous control for the exhaust gas treatment, in particular the soot reduction.
  • the voltage applied across the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 is selected such that only partial areas of the structured electrode 2 and also of the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 and the insulating material 3 are included in the discharge. The amplitude of the applied voltage thus corresponds to the minimum of the ignition voltage for this partial gas space.
  • the device according to the invention is thus also suitable, depending on the space available, to be placed at different points in the vehicle with an effective method of working. This can be close to the engine or away from the engine, since you do not have to rely on certain temperature ranges for the functionality.
  • Suitable materials for designing the device according to the invention are those known for conventional DBE configurations.
  • the conductive electrodes are preferably made of metallic materials. Materials such as ceramics, glass, Mica or ferroelectrics can be used. Other materials are also possible, provided they are suitable as a dielectric.
  • the structured electrode 2 or the insulating material 3 can also be constructed from a catalytically active material or be coated with it.
  • the geometrical dimensions of the reactor configuration are adapted to the volume to be treated and the soot loading of the exhaust gas.
  • the devices described above can be operated in flow with several in parallel.
  • the inflow side is then wider than the outflow side.
  • the device then either has a trapezoidal shape, or the shape of the elements forming the discharge configuration consists of annular disks.
  • the exhaust gas is supplied in a suitable manner on the outer ring and removed on the inner ring.
  • the device is mounted in a suitable housing for holding the device elements and channeling the exhaust gas flow.
  • the device elements themselves or parts thereof can also form the housing.
  • the housing is provided with a corresponding voltage feedthrough.
  • ambient air can also be added to it by assigning a suitable device for admixtures to the device.
  • the shape of the structured electrode 2 is not tied to the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the electrode structure is selected in such a way that the discharge cannot concentrate at the tips or sharp edges.
  • the surfaces are as flat or rounded as possible provided for the structured electrode 2, as is also made clear by the other exemplary embodiments.
  • the structured electrode 2 has an asymmetrical structure, so that the gas space with partial gas spaces 1 is formed only on one side. It is now advantageously also possible to form two gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 with a structured electrode 2. Such an example is illustrated in FIGS. 2a) and 2b).
  • FIG. 2 a shows a sectional view of the principle of, in FIG. 2 b) a 3-dimensional representation of the structured electrode consisting of spherical shapes.
  • the structured electrode 2 is designed as a coherent structured form of adjacent balls made of an electrically conductive material.
  • This spherical structure lies between two plates made of insulating material 3, whereby two structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 are now formed.
  • Suitable flat smooth electrodes 4 are in turn attached to the plates made of insulating material 3. These can be vapor-deposited as a conductive layer or they can be designed in another way, e.g. as plates or flat lattice structures.
  • the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 formed by the structured electrode 2 and the two plates made of insulating material 3 are again open towards the delimiting surface made of insulating material 3.
  • the two gas spaces 1 formed by the structured electrode 2 also have connections to one another, so that further deflections are present for the gas to flow through.
  • a change of gas flows from one structured gas space to another can also take place. As a result, the flow is advantageous
  • the duration of the exhaust gas in the plasma is extended and the degree of separation of particles is increased.
  • suitable alternating voltages are applied between the structured electrode 2 and the smooth electrodes 4.
  • the two outer smooth electrodes 4 are preferably grounded, while the high-voltage side lies on the structured electrode 2. This also provides good protection against contact with the high-voltage electrode.
  • discharges are initially initiated in the immediate vicinity of the contact area of insulating material 3 and the elevations of the structured electrode 2.
  • the structured electrode 2 here forms hemispherical structures practically symmetrically on both sides, so that in this case discharges can be generated on both sides of the structured electrode 2 in the two gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1.
  • discharges can be generated on both sides of the structured electrode 2 in the two gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1.
  • further areas of the structured electrode 2 and volume segments of the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 can be included in the discharge process again after the ignition phase in the course of the further voltage rise.
  • a load and operating point-dependent voltage amplitude control can also be carried out in the plasma treatment of exhaust gases from diesel engines by using differently sized partial areas of the structured electrode 2, the plates made of insulating material 3 and the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 for plasma formation. This in turn enables the soot to be stored appropriately.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional illustration of the basic structure with two structured electrodes consisting of spherical shapes and three smooth electrodes. It is a simple stacked construction of the elements structured electrode 2, plate made of insulating material 3 and smooth electrode 4. A smooth electrode 4 lying between two plates made of insulating material 3 forms the common electrode to two adjacent structured electrodes 2. This principle can be used for larger orders will be continued accordingly.
  • the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 are then formed between the structured electrodes 2 and the plates made of insulating material.
  • the AC voltage supply is designed such that one electrode group is acted upon with one potential and the second electrode group with the other. It is preferably provided that all smooth electrodes 4 are grounded and the structured electrodes 2 form the high-voltage side. Even with larger stack arrangements, the electrodes on the outside are preferably grounded because of the high-voltage protection.
  • the arrangement preferably consists of an odd number of smooth electrodes 4 and an even number of structured electrodes 2 with the plates of insulating material 3 lying between them.
  • FIG. 4 a 3-dimensional exploded view of the basic structure of an arrangement with a structured electrode 2 consisting of wire mesh is shown schematically.
  • the wire mesh can be realized simply and cheaply with a suitable wire mesh, for example with a wire thickness of 0.5 mm and a mesh size of 0.8 mm.
  • Two structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 are formed between two plates made of insulating material 3 and the structured electrode 2 made of wire mesh, similar to the spherical structure described above.
  • the structure given by the wire mesh advantageously enables numerous deflections of the Gas flow, good soot separation and intermediate storage for soot and slag products with low back pressure.
  • the surface areas of the structured electrode 2 that are free toward the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 can also be included in the discharges and plasma formations from both sides of the gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1.
  • the smooth electrode 4 can also be largely dispensed with.
  • the core for the representation of the principle consists of an alternating element sequence of four plates made of insulating material 3 and three structured electrodes 2. For larger arrangements and volume flows, this sequence can be continued accordingly. Different potentials are alternately applied to the structured electrodes. In the case of larger stack arrangements, every second of the structured electrodes 2 is preferably grounded again, while the others are acted upon by the high-voltage potential. Two opposing structured electrodes 2 thus form the electrodes for DBE in the two structured gas spaces 1 formed between the two structured electrodes 2 and the plate made of insulating material 3. It is very easy to design a device according to the invention in a stacked arrangement because only one for the core area Sequence of structured electrodes 2 and plates made of insulating material 3 is required. A smooth electrode 4 is preferably used at the beginning and end of such an arrangement, so that no areas arise without the possibility of plasma formation, as would occur with a symmetrical structured electrode 2 on the respective outer sides.
  • such shapes are layers of sheet metal which form or approximate these shapes, perforated sheet, porous sheet-like material (e.g. sintered metal sheets) or thin wire fibers possible.
  • Fig. 6 shows a 3-dimensional representation of a structured electrode with flat sheet metal sections from a formed sheet metal layer.
  • this is arranged as structured electrode 2 in the device.
  • two structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 are formed with a structured electrode 2 between two plates made of insulating material 3.
  • the structure enables numerous deflections of the gas flow, wherein it is preferably again provided that an offset to the previous order structure is formed for the deflection of the gas flow between the inlet and outlet in the direction of inflow.
  • the discharge sequences on the conical structure are similar to those described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a special feature here is that a plasma cannot be formed on all surface areas of the structured electrode 2.
  • This system can be used particularly close to the engine because of the higher exhaust gas temperatures that occur.
  • FIG. 7 shows a 3-dimensional representation of a structured electrode made of a formed sheet metal layer. Corresponding negative structures are formed on both sides of the cone-shaped sheet metal layer on the other side. The conical structure is designed so that there are mountain and valley structures alternate. The discharge can be formed as in the cone structure described above. The surface areas of the structured electrode 2 that are free toward the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 can thus be included in the discharges and plasma formations from both sides of the gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1.
  • the treatment room can also be enlarged by winding the elements forming the device according to the invention.
  • a winding design comprises either a sequence of the device elements insulating material 3, structured electrode 2, insulating material 3 and structured electrode 2, or a sequence of insulating material 3, structured electrode 2, insulating material 3 and smooth electrode 4.
  • the elements must be flexible or at least have this property in the assembly phase or have such shapes formed.
  • the structured electrode 2 the designs with wire mesh, layers of sheet metal, perforated sheet metal, porous sheet-like material (sintered metal sheets) or thin wire fibers meet this requirement in particular.
  • the insulating material e.g. thermally stable plastic films are suitable.
  • the smooth electrode 4 can consist of a metal foil.
  • the insulating material 3 can also be a carrier of the smooth electrode 4, in that a metal layer has been vapor-deposited, glued on or applied in some other way.
  • a winding design creates a very compact device which is particularly suitable for small installation spaces. It is also advantageous that you only have two electrodes. The outside lying electrode is preferably grounded again, so that only a high voltage lead is required.
  • a particularly high degree of purity of the treated exhaust gas is to be achieved, it can also be combined with conventional filter processes.
  • an arrangement is suitable, for example, in which the exhaust gas is treated with partial gas spaces 1 in a structured gas space according to the invention and at the same time can flow through a porous, structured electrode 2.
  • a porous, structured electrode 2 This consists, for example, of a molded layer of a porous sintered metal sheet or thin wire fiber braid.
  • a shape of the structured electrode 2 is used, where two structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 are formed by two plates made of insulating material 3.
  • one of the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1 is sealed against an inflow by a closure 6, as shown schematically in FIG. 8. 8 shows only a sectional view of the upstream side schematically.
  • the other structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1 is sealed by a closure 6, so that exhaust gas can flow into one of the structured gas spaces with partial gas spaces 1, through which porous, structured electrode 2 flows further into the other structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1, and then flows out through the gas outlet.
  • exhaust gas treatment takes place analogously to the principle described above.
  • particles are deposited on the structured electrode 2 when flowing through and decomposed in the plasma. Thereafter, the exhaust gas can be further treated in the downstream structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1.
  • one of the arrangements according to the invention can advantageously be combined with a conventional particle filter connected downstream.
  • a conventional particle filter connected downstream.
  • the arrangement according to the invention which can be made smaller than when used alone, a large part of soot is already decomposed.
  • the soot particles that have not decomposed are then collected in the conventionally constructed particle filter.
  • the long-lived species such as nitrogen dioxide or ozone generated in the arrangement according to the invention can then regenerate the downstream, conventionally constructed particle filter at corresponding exhaust gas temperatures.
  • the pre-cleaning carried out with the device according to the invention means that the downstream conventional particle filter is less loaded with soot and slag. This significantly increases the service life. Furthermore, with the proposed combination of ozone generated in the arrangement according to the invention, soot decomposition and in particular regeneration of a conventional particle filter with low electrical power is possible at low exhaust gas temperatures below 200 ° C.
  • the structured gas space was generated by the structuring of the electrodes. It has now been shown that under certain conditions it is possible to reverse the previously described arrangements with regard to shape and sequence by interchanging the shape of the conductive electrode and dielectric. Such an example is illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • a dielectric structured in all spatial directions hereinafter referred to as structured dielectric 3a, lies between the smooth electrodes 4. Both form the structured gas space with partial gas spaces 1. This in turn forms a treatment room for the production of dielectrically impeded discharges, one being the structured dielectric 3a almost covering plasma can be generated.
  • the structured dielectric 3a also acts as a spacer.
  • the smooth electrodes are preferably covered with an insulating material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'épuration de gaz d'échappement et de traitement d'air évacué au plasma, comportant au moins une chambre de traitement destinée à la production de décharges contrariées diélectriquement. Ledit dispositif est caractérisé en ce que la chambre de traitement est conçue en tant que chambre à gaz structurée comportant des chambres à gaz partielles (1) entre lesquelles se trouvent au moins une électrode structurée conductrice (2) et au moins un matériau isolant (3) formant une surface de délimitation, disposé sur les élévations structurelles de l'électrode structurée. Ladite surface de délimitation en matériau isolant (3) fait soit partie d'une électrode isolée, soit sépare l'électrode structurée conductrice (2) d'une autre électrode conductrice structurée ou plane. Dans certaines conditions, il est avantageux d'inverser la conformation de l'électrode conductrice et de l'isolant ou du diélectrique et de disposer un diélectrique structuré.
PCT/EP2004/010535 2003-09-24 2004-09-20 Dispositif et procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement et de traitement d'air evacue au plasma WO2005028081A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04786969A EP1663454A1 (fr) 2003-09-24 2004-09-20 Dispositif et procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement et de traitement d'air evacue au plasma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003144489 DE10344489B4 (de) 2003-09-24 2003-09-24 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ausfilterung von Ruß aus Abgasen oder Aerosolen aus Abluft und zur plasmagestützten Behandlung von Abgas oder von Abluft
DE10344489.0 2003-09-24

Publications (1)

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WO2005028081A1 true WO2005028081A1 (fr) 2005-03-31

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EP (1) EP1663454A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10344489B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005028081A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007037984A1 (de) 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Verfahren zur Textilreinigung und Desinfektion mittels Plasma und Plasmaschleuse
EP2174707A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2010-04-14 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Électrode pour génération de plasma
DE102015203811A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2016-09-08 Lapp Insulators Alumina Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung von geruchsbelasteter Luft

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009060627B4 (de) 2009-12-24 2014-06-05 Cinogy Gmbh Elektrodenanordnung für eine dielektrisch behinderte Plasmabehandlung

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DE4317964A1 (de) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Bearbeitung von Schadstoffen und Materialien
DE19518970C1 (de) * 1995-05-23 1996-11-21 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgas
DE19525749A1 (de) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Zersetzung und/oder Vernichtung von Schadstoffen

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DE19826831A1 (de) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-14 Fev Motorentech Gmbh Verfahren zur Verminderung der Schadstoffemission von Kraftfahrzeugen
DE10007130C1 (de) * 2000-02-17 2001-05-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmainduzierten Minderung der Rußemission von Dieselmotoren

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4317964A1 (de) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-01 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Bearbeitung von Schadstoffen und Materialien
DE19518970C1 (de) * 1995-05-23 1996-11-21 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgas
DE19525749A1 (de) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Zersetzung und/oder Vernichtung von Schadstoffen

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2174707A1 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2010-04-14 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Électrode pour génération de plasma
JP2010115566A (ja) * 2007-08-03 2010-05-27 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd プラズマ発生用電極
JP5312327B2 (ja) * 2007-08-03 2013-10-09 ダイハツ工業株式会社 プラズマ発生用電極
US8623125B2 (en) 2007-08-03 2014-01-07 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Electrode for plasma generation
EP2174707A4 (fr) * 2007-08-03 2014-06-04 Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd Électrode pour génération de plasma
DE102007037984A1 (de) 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Verfahren zur Textilreinigung und Desinfektion mittels Plasma und Plasmaschleuse
WO2009021919A2 (fr) 2007-08-10 2009-02-19 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Procédé de nettoyage et désinfection de textiles par plasma et sas à plasma
US9119892B2 (en) 2007-08-10 2015-09-01 Leibniz-Institut Fuer Plasmaforschung Und Technologie E.V. Process for textile cleaning and disinfection by means of plasma and plasma lock
DE102015203811A1 (de) 2015-03-03 2016-09-08 Lapp Insulators Alumina Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung von geruchsbelasteter Luft

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DE10344489B4 (de) 2007-03-08
DE10344489A1 (de) 2005-04-28

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