WO2005027295A1 - Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers - Google Patents

Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005027295A1
WO2005027295A1 PCT/DE2004/001905 DE2004001905W WO2005027295A1 WO 2005027295 A1 WO2005027295 A1 WO 2005027295A1 DE 2004001905 W DE2004001905 W DE 2004001905W WO 2005027295 A1 WO2005027295 A1 WO 2005027295A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
current
low
circuit arrangement
circuit
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Application number
PCT/DE2004/001905
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Röhl
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2005027295A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005027295A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
    • H02H7/222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices for switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
    • H02H3/046—Signalling the blowing of a fuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses which are arranged upstream of low-voltage circuit breakers.
  • the release magnet contains a permanent magnetic core
  • the following effects can also occur: If the release magnet is subjected to an excessive current, so the permanent magnet can remagnetize and its tripping time becomes longer or in the worst case there is no tripping. In all cases, the rapid "pressing" of a strong magnetic field opposite the permanent magnet is responsible for this effect.
  • transformers are dimensioned in such a way that they counteract this problem by limiting the current, they can only be loaded for a short time and would burn if they were operated for too long.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electronic fuse monitoring that covers a wide input voltage range and in which there is no damage to components or the tripping magnet even when the circuit breaker is prevented from tripping.
  • the current through the tripping magnet is then limited to a maximum value by current regulation.
  • a clocked current control is expediently used.
  • a clocked current regulator can be implemented, for example, by arranging a switching transistor and a resistor in the circuit of the tripping magnet and the voltage tapped at the resistor via a resistor with a diode connected in parallel to a capacitor and to the
  • Input of a comparator is guided, the second input is acted upon by a reference voltage and the output is led to the base of the switching transistor.
  • the method or the circuit arrangement limits the current through the magnet to a safe value. Additionally or alternatively, the clocking can ensure that the thermal load on the magnet is minimized if the circuit breaker is prevented from tripping.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing.
  • the drawing shows a basic circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • a low-voltage circuit breaker LS to which the fuses S1, S2, S3 are arranged, is arranged in a low-voltage network with the lines L1, L2, L3.
  • Transformers T1, T2, T3 are connected in parallel to the fuses S1, S2, S3, the secondary sides of which are led via bridge rectifiers BGL1, BGL2, BGL3 to a tripping magnet M of the low-voltage circuit breaker LS.
  • the current is therefore limited with a current control circuit.
  • This is realized by a transistor T and a resistor R1 in series with the trigger magnet M.
  • the voltage across the resistor R1 is applied via a resistor R2 and a diode parallel to it D2 led to a capacitor C and the negative input of a comparator OPV.
  • a reference voltage Uref is applied to the positive input of the comparator OPV.
  • the output of the comparator OPV is led to the base of the transistor T.
  • the trigger magnet M is connected to an anti-parallel reverse current diode Dl.
  • the voltage across the resistor Rl also increases. At a certain current value, this voltage exceeds the reference voltage Uref at the comparator OPV, which then controls the transistor T to block.
  • the capacitor C which has meanwhile been charged, can then discharge via the resistors R2, Rl, so that the voltage at the negative input of the comparator OPV drops again below the reference voltage Uref and the process can begin again.
  • a clock ratio of 5ms ON and 95ms OFF can be set.
  • the current in the tripping circuit can also be reduced to values that are harmless for the tripping magnet M even at an input voltage of 60 V.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers. It has been shown that, with prior art fuse monitorings, only a relatively small input voltage range can be covered. The invention provides that the current is limited by the trip magnets by limiting the current to a maximum value. A corresponding circuit arrangement can be constructed in such a manner that a current controller is connected in series with regard to trip magnets (M) in the electrical circuit.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung von Niederspannungs-Leistungsschaltern vorgeordneten SicherungenMethod and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses located upstream of low-voltage circuit breakers
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung von Sicherungen, die Niederspan- nungs-Leistungsschaltern vorgeordnet sind.The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses which are arranged upstream of low-voltage circuit breakers.
Niederspannungs-Leistungsschaltern werden zur- Erhöhung derLow voltage circuit breakers are used to increase the
Sicherheit in elektrischen Anlagen Schmelzsicherungen vorgeordnet, die bei Versagen des Leistungsschalters im Fall eines unzulässig hohen Stromes infolge beispielsweise eines Kurzschlusses durchschmelzen und so den Schutz der Anlage gewähr- leisten sollen. Um die Sicherheit noch weiter zu erhöhen, können für die Sicherungen Überwachungseinrichtungen vorgesehen sein, die die Spannungen an den Sicherungen erfassen. Im Normalbetrieb liegt über einer Sicherung keine Spannung. Im Fehlerfall kann über einer Sicherung dagegen eine Spannung bis zur Höhe der Phasenspannung auftreten. Über Transformatoren und Brückengleichrichter wird die Spannung auf einen Auslösemagneten des Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalters geführt, mit dem die Verklinkung des Schalters aufgehoben und die nachgeschaltete Anlage endgültig vom Netz getrennt wird.Safety in electrical systems Upstream of fuses, which should melt if the circuit breaker fails in the event of an impermissibly high current due to a short circuit, for example, and thus guarantee the protection of the system. In order to further increase safety, monitoring devices can be provided for the fuses, which detect the voltages at the fuses. In normal operation there is no voltage across a fuse. In the event of a fault, however, a voltage up to the level of the phase voltage can occur across a fuse. The voltage is transferred to a tripping magnet of the low-voltage circuit breaker via transformers and bridge rectifiers, with which the switch is released and the downstream system is finally disconnected from the mains.
Es hat sich allerdings gezeigt, dass hierbei nur ein relativ kleiner Eingangsspannungsbereich abgedeckt werden kann. Bei sehr hohen Strömen kann der Auslösemagnet unter Umständen thermisch hoch belastet werden, was zu seiner Beschädigung oder sogar zum Ausfall des Leistungsschalters führen kann.However, it has been shown that only a relatively small input voltage range can be covered here. At very high currents, the tripping magnet can be subjected to high thermal loads, which can lead to damage or even failure of the circuit breaker.
Enthält der Auslδsemagnet wie üblich einen permanentmagnetischen Kern, so können außerdem folgende Effekte auftreten: Wird der Auslösemagnet mit zu hohem Strom beaufschlagt, so kann der Permanentmagnet ummagnetisieren und seine Auslösezeit wird größer oder es erfolgt im ungünstigsten Fall gar keine Auslösung. In allen Fällen ist das rasche "Aufdrücken" eines den Permanentmagneten entgegengesetzten starken Magnet- feldes für diesen Effekt verantwortlich.If, as usual, the release magnet contains a permanent magnetic core, the following effects can also occur: If the release magnet is subjected to an excessive current, so the permanent magnet can remagnetize and its tripping time becomes longer or in the worst case there is no tripping. In all cases, the rapid "pressing" of a strong magnetic field opposite the permanent magnet is responsible for this effect.
Werden die Transformatoren so dimensioniert, dass sie diesem Problem durch Begrenzung des Stromes entgegenwirken, so sind sie nur kurzzeitig belastbar und würden bei zu langem Betrieb verbrennen.If the transformers are dimensioned in such a way that they counteract this problem by limiting the current, they can only be loaded for a short time and would burn if they were operated for too long.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektronische Sicherungsüberwachung anzugeben, die einen weiten Eingangsspannungsbereich abdeckt und bei der es auch bei verhinderter Auslösung des Leistungsschalters zu keiner Schädigung von Bauteilen oder des Auslδsemagneten kommt .The invention has for its object to provide an electronic fuse monitoring that covers a wide input voltage range and in which there is no damage to components or the tripping magnet even when the circuit breaker is prevented from tripping.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Appropriate embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.
Danach wird der Strom durch den Auslösemagneten durch eine Stromregelung auf einen Maximalwert begrenzt . Zweckmäßig kommt eine getaktete Stromregelung zum Einsatz.The current through the tripping magnet is then limited to a maximum value by current regulation. A clocked current control is expediently used.
Ein getakteter Stromregler kann zum Beispiel realisiert werden, indem ein Schalttransistor und ein Widerstand im Stromkreis des Auslösemagneten angeordnet sind und die an dem Widerstand abgegriffene Spannung über einen Widerstand mit pa- rallel geschalteter Diode an einen Kondensator und an denA clocked current regulator can be implemented, for example, by arranging a switching transistor and a resistor in the circuit of the tripping magnet and the voltage tapped at the resistor via a resistor with a diode connected in parallel to a capacitor and to the
Eingang eines Komparators geführt ist, dessen zweiter Eingang von einer Referenzspannung beaufschlagt ist und dessen Ausgang an die Basis des Schalttransistors geführt ist. Durch das Verfahren beziehungsweise die Schaltungsanordnung wird der Strom durch den Magneten auf einen ungef hrlichen Wert begrenzt. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann die Taktung dafür sorgen, dass die thermische Belastung des Magneten bei verhinderter Auslösung des Leistungsschalters minimiert wird.Input of a comparator is guided, the second input is acted upon by a reference voltage and the output is led to the base of the switching transistor. The method or the circuit arrangement limits the current through the magnet to a safe value. Additionally or alternatively, the clocking can ensure that the thermal load on the magnet is minimized if the circuit breaker is prevented from tripping.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert . Die Zeichnung zeigt ein Prinzipschaltbild der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung.The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows a basic circuit diagram of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
In einem Niederspannungsnetz mit den Leitungen Ll, L2 , L3 , ist ein Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter LS angeordnet, dem die Sicherungen Sl, S2, S3 vorgeordnet sind. Zu den Sicherungen Sl, S2, S3 sind Transformatoren Tl, T2 , T3 parallel geschaltet, deren Sekundärseiten über Brückengleichrichter BGL1, BGL2 , BGL3 auf einen Auslösemagneten M des Niederspan- nungs-Leistungsschalters LS geführt sind.A low-voltage circuit breaker LS, to which the fuses S1, S2, S3 are arranged, is arranged in a low-voltage network with the lines L1, L2, L3. Transformers T1, T2, T3 are connected in parallel to the fuses S1, S2, S3, the secondary sides of which are led via bridge rectifiers BGL1, BGL2, BGL3 to a tripping magnet M of the low-voltage circuit breaker LS.
Im Fehlerfall tritt an den SekundärSeiten der Transformatoren Tl, T2, T3 eine Spannung im Bereich von etwa 8 - 60 V auf. Bei einer Spannung von 8 V würde der Auslösemagnet M bereits ansprechen und den Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalter aus- schalten. Eine Spannung von bis zu 60 V würde jedoch einen solchen Strom im Auslδsemagneten M bewirken, der zu den oben angesprochenen Problemen führen könnte.In the event of a fault, a voltage in the range of approximately 8-60 V occurs on the secondary sides of the transformers T1, T2, T3. At a voltage of 8 V, the tripping magnet M would already respond and switch off the low-voltage circuit breaker. A voltage of up to 60 V, however, would cause such a current in the release magnet M, which could lead to the problems mentioned above.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der Strom deshalb mit einer Stromregel- Schaltung begrenzt. Diese wird realisiert durch einen Transistor T und einen Widerstand Rl in Reihe mit dem Auslösemagneten M. Die über dem Widerstand Rl liegende Spannung wird über einen Widerstand R2 und eine zu diesem parallele Diode D2 an einen Kondensator C und den negativen Eingang eines Komparators OPV geführt. An den positiven Eingang des Komparators OPV ist eine Referenzspannung Uref gelegt. Der Ausgang des Komparators OPV ist an die Basis des Transistors T ge- führt .According to the invention, the current is therefore limited with a current control circuit. This is realized by a transistor T and a resistor R1 in series with the trigger magnet M. The voltage across the resistor R1 is applied via a resistor R2 and a diode parallel to it D2 led to a capacitor C and the negative input of a comparator OPV. A reference voltage Uref is applied to the positive input of the comparator OPV. The output of the comparator OPV is led to the base of the transistor T.
Der Auslösemagnet M ist mit einer antiparallel geschalteten Rückstromdiode Dl beschaltet.The trigger magnet M is connected to an anti-parallel reverse current diode Dl.
Steigt der Strom durch den Auslösemagneten M, steigt auch die Spannung über dem Widerstand Rl . Bei einem bestimmten Stromwert übersteigt diese Spannung die Referenzspannung Uref am Komparator OPV, der darauf den Transistor T auf Sperren steuert. Der inzwischen aufgeladene Kondensator C kann sich an- schließend über die Widerstände R2 , Rl entladen, so dass die Spannung am negativen Eingang des Komparators OPV wieder unter die Referenzspannung Uref sinkt und der Vorgang von neuem beginnen kann.If the current through the trigger magnet M increases, the voltage across the resistor Rl also increases. At a certain current value, this voltage exceeds the reference voltage Uref at the comparator OPV, which then controls the transistor T to block. The capacitor C, which has meanwhile been charged, can then discharge via the resistors R2, Rl, so that the voltage at the negative input of the comparator OPV drops again below the reference voltage Uref and the process can begin again.
Beispielsweise lässt sich ein Taktverhältnis von 5ms EIN und 95ms AUS einstellen. Der Strom im Auslösekreis lässt sich auf diese Weise auch bei einer Eingangsspannung von 60 V auf für den Auslδsemagneten M ungefährliche Werte senken. For example, a clock ratio of 5ms ON and 95ms OFF can be set. In this way, the current in the tripping circuit can also be reduced to values that are harmless for the tripping magnet M even at an input voltage of 60 V.

Claims

Patentansprücheclaims
1. Verfahren zur Überwachung von Niederspannungs-Leistungsschaltern vorgeordneten Sicherungen, indem die über einer Si- cherung anliegende Spannung erfasst und gleichgerichtet an einen Auslösemagneten des Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalters geführt wird, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Strom durch den Auslösemagneten durch eine Stromregelung auf einen Maximalwert begrenzt wird.1. Method for monitoring fuses upstream of low-voltage circuit breakers by detecting the voltage present across a fuse and feeding them in the same direction to a tripping magnet of the low-voltage circuit breaker, characterized in that the current through the tripping magnet is limited to a maximum value by current regulation ,
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Strom durch taktweises Unterbrechen geregelt wird.2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the current is regulated by intermittent interruption.
3. Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung von Niederspannungs- Leistungsschaltern (LS) vorgeordneten Sicherungen (Sl, S2, S3) , indem zu jeder Sicherung (Sl, S2, S3) ein Transformator (Tl, T2 , T3) parallel geschaltet ist, dessen Sekundärseite über einen Gleichrichter (BGLl, BGL2 , BGL3) auf einen Auslösemagneten (M) des Niederspannungs-Leistungsschalters (LS) geschaltet ist, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass in Reihe zu dem Auslösemagneten (M) ein Stromregler in den Stromkreis geschaltet ist. . Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 3 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Stromregler getaktet ist .3. Circuit arrangement for monitoring low-voltage circuit breakers (LS) upstream fuses (Sl, S2, S3) by a transformer (Tl, T2, T3) is connected in parallel to each fuse (Sl, S2, S3), the secondary side of which via a Rectifier (BGLl, BGL2, BGL3) is connected to a tripping magnet (M) of the low-voltage circuit breaker (LS), characterized in that a current regulator is connected to the circuit in series with the tripping magnet (M). , Circuit arrangement according to claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the current controller is clocked.
5. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der getaktete Stromregler durch einen Schalttransistor (T) und einen Widerstand (Rl) realisiert ist, wobei die an dem Widerstand (Rl) abgegriffene Spannung über einen Widerstand (R2) mit parallel geschalteter Diode (D2) an einen Kondensator (C) und an den Eingang eines Komparators (OPV) geführt ist, dessen zweiter Eingang von einer Referenzspannung (Uref) beaufschlagt ist und dessen Ausgang an die Basis des Schalt- transistors (T) geführt ist. 5. Circuit arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the clocked current regulator by a switching transistor (T) and a resistor (Rl) is implemented, the voltage tapped at the resistor (Rl) being conducted via a resistor (R2) with a diode (D2) connected in parallel to a capacitor (C) and to the input of a comparator (OPV), whose second input is acted upon by a reference voltage (Uref) and whose output is led to the base of the switching transistor (T).
PCT/DE2004/001905 2003-09-11 2004-08-24 Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers WO2005027295A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10342597.7 2003-09-11
DE2003142597 DE10342597A1 (en) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring low-voltage circuit breakers upstream fuses

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004058540A1 (en) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Bosch Rexroth Ag Method and device for monitoring a voltage
WO2008110540A2 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector
FR3026847A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-08 Schneider Electric Ind Sas DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF AN ELECTRICAL PROTECTION OR POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT IN AN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OR CIRCUIT, AND A CORRESPONDING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND CIRCUIT

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2851956A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Monitoring circuit for fuses in AC supply network - has each fuse shunted by incandescent lamp in series with opto-electronic coupler
DE19956126A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-17 Siemens Ag Operating method for low-voltage (LV) network circuit
DE19957260A1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-05-23 Siemens Ag Trip/release magnets protection method e.g for relays, isolators and circuit-breakers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2851956A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Monitoring circuit for fuses in AC supply network - has each fuse shunted by incandescent lamp in series with opto-electronic coupler
DE19956126A1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2001-05-17 Siemens Ag Operating method for low-voltage (LV) network circuit
DE19957260A1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-05-23 Siemens Ag Trip/release magnets protection method e.g for relays, isolators and circuit-breakers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004058540A1 (en) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Bosch Rexroth Ag Method and device for monitoring a voltage
WO2008110540A2 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector
WO2008110540A3 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-10-30 Siemens Ag Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector
FR3026847A1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-08 Schneider Electric Ind Sas DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF AN ELECTRICAL PROTECTION OR POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT IN AN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OR CIRCUIT, AND A CORRESPONDING DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AND CIRCUIT
EP3029477A1 (en) 2014-10-01 2016-06-08 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Device and method for monitoring the state of a protection or power supply circuit in an electric power distribution circuit or network, and corresponding distribution network and circuit

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