WO2008110540A2 - Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector - Google Patents

Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008110540A2
WO2008110540A2 PCT/EP2008/052837 EP2008052837W WO2008110540A2 WO 2008110540 A2 WO2008110540 A2 WO 2008110540A2 EP 2008052837 W EP2008052837 W EP 2008052837W WO 2008110540 A2 WO2008110540 A2 WO 2008110540A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
disconnector
power supply
regulator
voltage limiter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/052837
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008110540A3 (en
Inventor
Andreas Fischer
Karl-Hans BÄRNKLAU
Josef Götz
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2008110540A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008110540A2/en
Publication of WO2008110540A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008110540A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/30—Means for indicating condition of fuse structurally associated with the fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/04—Details with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned
    • H02H3/046—Signalling the blowing of a fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device

Definitions

  • Switch in particular fuse switch disconnectors, and overvoltage protection for such a switch
  • the invention relates to a switch, in particular a fuse switch disconnector, and an overvoltage protection for such a switch according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4.
  • Fuse switch disconnectors to protect consumers from short circuit and overcurrents are known. They usually have for each phase of an electric power supply to a fuse that melts in the short-circuit and / or overcurrent event and so interrupts the current flow through the consumer un ⁇ .
  • the condition of the fuses is frequently ⁇ fig monitored by an electronics, which is also powered by the power supply to the load with electric power.
  • a (clocked) switching power supply or a longitudinally regulated power supply unit is used, which rectifies the alternating current of the power supply by means of a rectifier circuit, wherein the rectifier circuit is usually followed by a voltage regulator. If the consumers are a motor or a transformer, surges may occur when the fuses melt, which can damage the voltage regulator of the electronics, for example.
  • the object of the invention is to protect the electronics in the event of short circuit and overcurrent from overvoltages.
  • the object is based on the switch by the features of claim 1 and based on the overvoltage protection solved by the features of claim 4; the Unteran ⁇ claims relate to advantageous embodiments.
  • the solution provides for a voltage limiter to be connected in parallel with the energy regulator and a PTC thermistor in series with the parallel connection of the energy controller and voltage limiter.
  • the PTC or PTC resistor ⁇ he höht in short-circuit and over-current case because of f burn- the high current and the associated heating of the
  • PTC resistor its resistance, which significantly reduces the current through the voltage limiter. In this way, the power dissipation in the voltage limiter reduces dissipated power loss during the presence of an overvoltage.
  • a simple embodiment of the interruption element is a fuse.
  • the energy regulator belongs to a switching power supply ⁇ .
  • a power supply network SN is shown with its phases Ll, L2, L3, N, PE, to which a three-phase motor M is connected as a consumer 1.
  • L2, L3 is connected as a Unterbre ⁇ chungselement 2a, 2b, 2c a fuse switch disconnectors.
  • the interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c have a Fuse 3, which melts at a short circuit or when an overcurrent occurs and in this way the associated interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c opens.
  • all three fuses 3 have triggered, ie, all three interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c are open.
  • a rectifier circuit GS is connected to the three phases Ll, L2, L3 of the power supply network SN.
  • the voltage provided by the rectifier GS after corresponding smoothing is provided by a voltage regulator SR (special energy regulator ER) for supplying the electronics E.
  • SR special energy regulator ER
  • Parallel to the voltage regulator SR is a voltage limiter SB, which is preceded by a PTC resistor PTC.
  • the figure thus shows that the voltage limiter SB are connected in parallel to the voltage regulator SR and these two in series with the PTC resistor PTC.
  • the series connection of voltage limiter SB and PTC thermistor PTC is connected to the two outputs Al, A2 of the rectifier circuit GS.
  • Voltage regulator SR occurring overvoltages intercepted by the voltage limiter SB, wherein the series-connected with the voltage limiter SB PTC thermistor PTC heats up strongly and increases its resistance in accordance with the heating. This limits the current through the voltage limiter ⁇ SB and thus the converted power loss, so that the electronics E is effectively protected in this way from surges.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a switch, especially a fuse switch disconnector, and an overvoltage protector for said disconnector for protecting a consumer (M), especially a motor and transformer that is connected to at least two phases (L1, L2, L3) of an electrical power supply system (SN), especially a supply mains, and is protected from a short circuit and/or overcurrent by means of at least one disconnector element (2a, 2b, 2c) connected to every phase (L1, L2, L3). The fuse switch disconnector comprises electronics (E) surveilling the state of the at least one disconnector element (2a, 2b, 2c) and being connected to the power supply system (SN) via a rectifier circuit (GS) and an energy regulator (ER) mounted downstream thereof, especially a voltage regulator (SR). In order to protect the electronics from overvoltages in the event of short-circuits and overcurrents, a voltage limiter (SR) is connected as the overvoltage protector in parallel to the energy regulator (ER) and a PTC resistor (PTC) is connected in series to the parallel connection of the energy regulator (ER) and the voltage limiter (SR).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Schalter, insbesondere Sicherungslasttrennschalter, und Überspannungsschutz für einen solchen SchalterSwitch, in particular fuse switch disconnectors, and overvoltage protection for such a switch
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schalter, insbesondere einen Sicherungslasttrennschalter, und einen Überspannungsschutz für einen solchen Schalter gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 4.The invention relates to a switch, in particular a fuse switch disconnector, and an overvoltage protection for such a switch according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4.
Sicherungslasttrennschalter zum Schutz von Verbrauchern vor Kurzschluss- und Überströmen sind bekannt. Sie weisen meist für jede Phase einer elektrischen Stromversorgung eine Schmelzsicherung auf, die im Kurzschluss- und/oder Überstrom- fall schmilzt und so den Stromfluss durch den Verbraucher un¬ terbricht. Dabei wird der Zustand der Schmelzsicherungen häu¬ fig von einer Elektronik überwacht, die ebenfalls von der Stromversorgung des Verbrauchers mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird. Dazu wird meist ein (getaktetes) Schaltnetz- teil oder ein längsgeregeltes Netzteil verwendet, welches den Wechselstrom der Stromversorgung mittels einer Gleichrichterschaltung gleichrichtet, wobei der Gleichrichterschaltung üblicherweise ein Spannungsregler nachgeschaltet ist. Handelt es sich bei den Verbrauchern um einen Motor oder Transforma- tor, so können beim Schmelzen der Schmelzsicherungen Überspannungen auftreten, durch welche beispielsweise der Spannungsregler der Elektronik geschädigt werden kann.Fuse switch disconnectors to protect consumers from short circuit and overcurrents are known. They usually have for each phase of an electric power supply to a fuse that melts in the short-circuit and / or overcurrent event and so interrupts the current flow through the consumer un ¬. Here, the condition of the fuses is frequently ¬ fig monitored by an electronics, which is also powered by the power supply to the load with electric power. For this purpose, usually a (clocked) switching power supply or a longitudinally regulated power supply unit is used, which rectifies the alternating current of the power supply by means of a rectifier circuit, wherein the rectifier circuit is usually followed by a voltage regulator. If the consumers are a motor or a transformer, surges may occur when the fuses melt, which can damage the voltage regulator of the electronics, for example.
Dies ließe sich prinzipiell durch Spannungsbegrenzer parallel zum Spannungsregler verhindern. Nachteilig ist dabei, dass dabei ein hoher Strom durch den Spannungsbegrenzer fließt, was mit einer hohen Verlustleistung verbunden ist, die den Spannungsbegrenzer thermisch zerstören würde. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Elektronik im Kurz- schluss- und Überstromfall vor Überspannungen zu schützen.This could be prevented in principle by voltage limiters in parallel to the voltage regulator. The disadvantage here is that while a high current flows through the voltage limiter, which is associated with a high power loss, which would destroy the voltage limiter thermally. The object of the invention is to protect the electronics in the event of short circuit and overcurrent from overvoltages.
Die Aufgabe wird bezogen auf den Schalter durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und bezogen auf den Überspannungsschutz durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 4 gelöst; die Unteran¬ sprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen.The object is based on the switch by the features of claim 1 and based on the overvoltage protection solved by the features of claim 4; the Unteran ¬ claims relate to advantageous embodiments.
Die Lösung sieht bezogen auf den Schalter als auch den Über- Spannungsschutz vor, dass parallel zum Energieregler ein Spannungsbegrenzer und in Reihe zur Parallelschaltung von Energieregler und Spannungsbegrenzer ein Kaltleiter-Widerstand geschaltet ist. Der Kaltleiter- oder PTC-Widerstand er¬ höht im Kurzschluss- und Überstromfall aufgrund des fließen- den hohen Stroms und der damit verbundenen Erwärmung desWith regard to the switch and overvoltage protection, the solution provides for a voltage limiter to be connected in parallel with the energy regulator and a PTC thermistor in series with the parallel connection of the energy controller and voltage limiter. The PTC or PTC resistor ¬ he höht in short-circuit and over-current case because of fließen- the high current and the associated heating of the
Kaltleiter-Widerstands seinen Widerstand, was den Strom durch den Spannungsbegrenzer deutlich verringert. Auf diese Weise verringert sich die Verlustleistung im Spannungsbegrenzer umgesetzte Verlustleistung während des Vorhandenseins einer Überspannung.PTC resistor its resistance, which significantly reduces the current through the voltage limiter. In this way, the power dissipation in the voltage limiter reduces dissipated power loss during the presence of an overvoltage.
Eine einfache Ausführung des Unterbrechungselements ist eine Schmelzsicherung .A simple embodiment of the interruption element is a fuse.
Zweckmäßigerweise gehört der Energieregler zu einem Schalt¬ netzteil .Appropriately, the energy regulator belongs to a switching power supply ¬ .
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbei¬ spiels näher erläutert. In der einzigen Figur ist ein Strom- Versorgungsnetz SN mit seinen Phasen Ll, L2, L3, N, PE dargestellt, an welches ein Drehstrommotor M als Verbraucher 1 angeschlossen ist. In jede Phase Ll, L2, L3 ist als Unterbre¬ chungselement 2a, 2b, 2c ein Sicherungslasttrennschalter geschaltet. Die Unterbrechungselemente 2a, 2b, 2c weisen eine Schmelzsicherung 3 auf, die bei einem Kurzschluss oder beim Auftreten eines Überstroms schmilzt und auf diese Weise die zugehörigen Unterbrechungselemente 2a, 2b, 2c öffnet. In der Figur haben alle drei Schmelzsicherungen 3 ausgelöst, d. h. alle drei Unterbrechungselemente 2a, 2b, 2c sind geöffnet.The invention is explained in detail below with reference of an exemplary embodiment. In the single figure, a power supply network SN is shown with its phases Ll, L2, L3, N, PE, to which a three-phase motor M is connected as a consumer 1. In each phase Ll, L2, L3 is connected as a Unterbre ¬ chungselement 2a, 2b, 2c a fuse switch disconnectors. The interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c have a Fuse 3, which melts at a short circuit or when an overcurrent occurs and in this way the associated interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c opens. In the figure, all three fuses 3 have triggered, ie, all three interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c are open.
Zur Überwachung der Unterbrechungselemente 2a, 2b, 2c dient eine Elektronik E. Zu deren Stromversorgung ist eine Gleichrichterschaltung GS an die drei Phasen Ll, L2, L3 des Strom- Versorgungsnetzes SN angeschlossen. Die vom Gleichrichter GS nach entsprechender Glättung bereitgestellte Spannung wird von einem Spannungsregler SR (spezieller Energieregler ER) für die Versorgung der Elektronik E bereitgestellt. Parallel zum Spannungsregler SR befindet sich ein Spannungsbegrenzer SB, dem ein Kaltleiter-Widerstand PTC vorgeschaltet ist.To monitor the interruption elements 2a, 2b, 2c is an electronics E. To the power supply, a rectifier circuit GS is connected to the three phases Ll, L2, L3 of the power supply network SN. The voltage provided by the rectifier GS after corresponding smoothing is provided by a voltage regulator SR (special energy regulator ER) for supplying the electronics E. Parallel to the voltage regulator SR is a voltage limiter SB, which is preceded by a PTC resistor PTC.
Die Figur zeigt also, dass der Spannungsbegrenzer SB parallel zum Spannungsregler SR und diese beiden in Reihe zum Kaltleiter-Widerstand PTC geschaltet sind. Die Reihenschaltung von Spannungsbegrenzer SB und Kaltleiter-Widerstand PTC ist mit den beiden Ausgängen Al, A2 der Gleichrichterschaltung GS verbunden .The figure thus shows that the voltage limiter SB are connected in parallel to the voltage regulator SR and these two in series with the PTC resistor PTC. The series connection of voltage limiter SB and PTC thermistor PTC is connected to the two outputs Al, A2 of the rectifier circuit GS.
Nach Auslösen der Sicherungslasttrennschalter 2a, 2b, 2c im Falle eines Kurzschlusses oder eines Überstroms werden amAfter triggering the fuse switch disconnectors 2a, 2b, 2c in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent on
Spannungsregler SR auftretende Überspannungen vom Spannungsbegrenzer SB abgefangen, wobei sich der in Reihe mit dem Spannungsbegrenzer SB geschaltete Kaltleiter-Widerstand PTC stark erwärmt und entsprechend der Erwärmung seinen Wider- stand erhöht. Dies begrenzt den Strom durch den Spannungs¬ begrenzer SB und damit die umgesetzte Verlustleistung, so dass die Elektronik E auf diese Weise wirksam vor Überspannungen geschützt ist. Voltage regulator SR occurring overvoltages intercepted by the voltage limiter SB, wherein the series-connected with the voltage limiter SB PTC thermistor PTC heats up strongly and increases its resistance in accordance with the heating. This limits the current through the voltage limiter ¬ SB and thus the converted power loss, so that the electronics E is effectively protected in this way from surges.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Schalter, insbesondere Sicherungslasttrennschalter, zum Schutz eines Verbrauchers (M) , insbesondere eines Motors und Transformators, der an zumindest zwei Phasen (Ll, L2, L3) einer elektrischen Stromversorgung (SN) , insbesondere eines Stromversorgungsnetzes, angeschlossen ist und mittels zumin¬ dest eines in jede Phase (Ll, L2, L3) geschalteten Unterbre¬ chungselements (2a, 2b, 2c) vor einem Kurzschluss- und/oder Überstrom geschützt wird, mit einer den Zustand des zumindest einen Unterbrechungsele¬ ments (2a, 2b, 2c) überwachenden Elektronik (E) , die an die Stromversorgung (SN) über eine Gleichrichterschaltung (GS) und einen nachgeschalteten Energieregler (ER) , insbesondere einen Spannungsregler ( SR) , angeschlos sen i st , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass als Überspannungsschutz parallel zum Energieregler (ER) ein Spannungsbegrenzer (SR) und in Reihe zur Parallelschal¬ tung von Energieregler (ER) und Spannungsbegrenzer (SR) ein Kaltleiter-Widerstand (PTC) geschaltet ist.1. Switch, in particular fuse switch disconnector, for protecting a load (M), in particular a motor and transformer, which is connected to at least two phases (Ll, L2, L3) of an electrical power supply (SN), in particular a power supply network, and by means of zumin ¬ least one in each phase (Ll, L2, L3) connected interrup ¬ monitoring elements (2a, 2b, 2c) is protected from short-circuit and / or overcurrent, with a state of the at least one Unterbrechungsele ¬ member (2a, 2b, 2c ) monitoring electronics (E) to the power supply (SN) via a rectifier circuit (GS) and a downstream energy regulator (ER), in particular a voltage regulator (SR), ruled out i st, characterized in that as an overvoltage protection parallel to the energy regulator (ER ) a voltage limiter (SR) and in series for Parallelschal ¬ tion of energy controller (ER) and voltage limiter (SR) a PTC resistor connected i st.
2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Unterbrechungselement (2a, 2b, 2c) jeweils eine Schmelzsicherung ist.2. Switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the interruption element (2 a, 2 b, 2 c) is in each case a fuse.
3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energieregler (ER) zu einem Schaltnetzteil gehört.3. Switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the energy regulator (ER) belongs to a switching power supply.
4. Überspannungsschutz für die Elektronik (E) eines Schalters, insbesondere eines Sicherungslasttrennschalters, der zum Schutz eines Verbrauchers (M) dient, welcher an zumindest zwei Phasen (Ll, L2, L3) einer Stromversorgung (SN), insbe- sondere eines Stromversorgungsnetzes, angeschlossen ist und mittels zumindest eines in jede Phase (Ll, L2, L3) geschalte¬ ten Unterbrechungselements (2a, 2b, 2c) vor einem Kurz- schluss- und/oder Überstrom geschützt wird, wobei die den Zustand des zumindest einen Unterbrechungsele¬ ments (2a, 2b, 2c) überwachende Elektronik (E) an die Strom¬ versorgung (SN) über eine Gleichrichterschaltung (GS) und einen nachgeschalteten Energieregler (ER) , insbesondere einen Spannungsregler (SR) , angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zum Energieregler (ER) ein Spannungsbegrenzer (SB) und in Reihe zur Parallelschaltung von Energieregler (ER) und Spannungsbegrenzer (SB) ein Kaltleiter-Widerstand (PTC) ge- schaltet ist. 4. overvoltage protection for the electronics (E) of a switch, in particular a fuse switch-disconnector, which serves to protect a consumer (M), which at at least two phases (Ll, L2, L3) of a power supply (SN), in particular special of a power supply network, is connected and by at least one in each phase (Ll, L2, L3) switched ¬ th interruption element (2a, 2b, 2c) is protected against a short-circuit and / or overcurrent, wherein the state of at least a Unterbrechungsele ¬ ment (2a, 2b, 2c) monitoring electronics (e) to the power ¬ supply (SN) via a rectifier circuit (GS) and a downstream energy regulator (ER), in particular a voltage regulator (SR) connected, characterized in that a voltage limiter (SB) is connected in parallel with the energy regulator (ER) and a PTC thermistor (PTC) is connected in series with the parallel connection of energy regulator (ER) and voltage limiter (SB).
PCT/EP2008/052837 2007-03-12 2008-03-11 Switch, especially fuse switch disconnector, and overvoltage protector for said disconnector WO2008110540A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007012687.7 2007-03-12
DE102007012687 2007-03-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008110540A2 true WO2008110540A2 (en) 2008-09-18
WO2008110540A3 WO2008110540A3 (en) 2008-10-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103135023A (en) * 2011-11-28 2013-06-05 西门子公司 Method and device of short circuit detection in power network

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19954037A1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-03 Siemens Ag Method for monitoring the functionality of a component of an electrical device during operation
WO2005027295A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19954037A1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-03 Siemens Ag Method for monitoring the functionality of a component of an electrical device during operation
WO2005027295A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and circuit arrangement for monitoring fuses connected upstream from low-voltage power circuit breakers

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103135023A (en) * 2011-11-28 2013-06-05 西门子公司 Method and device of short circuit detection in power network

Also Published As

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