WO2005017471A1 - Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des vibrations torsionnelles - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des vibrations torsionnelles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005017471A1
WO2005017471A1 PCT/EP2004/009007 EP2004009007W WO2005017471A1 WO 2005017471 A1 WO2005017471 A1 WO 2005017471A1 EP 2004009007 W EP2004009007 W EP 2004009007W WO 2005017471 A1 WO2005017471 A1 WO 2005017471A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
time
measurement
measuring
edges
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Application number
PCT/EP2004/009007
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Ritz
Original Assignee
Hasse & Wrede Gmbh
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Filing date
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Application filed by Hasse & Wrede Gmbh filed Critical Hasse & Wrede Gmbh
Publication of WO2005017471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005017471A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/10—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of torsional vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for measuring torsional vibrations on rotating parts with the aid of signal transmitters, in particular for monitoring and optimizing torsional vibration dampers.
  • Torsional vibration dampers are used in large engines and are operatively connected to the crankshaft so that torsional vibrations that form on the crankshaft are not transmitted to the output shafts of subsequent machine parts. Such torsional vibration dampers make it possible to ensure trouble-free running times of several tens of thousands of operating hours. In order to determine torsional vibrations on crankshafts on the one hand and on the other hand to constantly monitor the mode of operation of torsional vibration dampers so that quick action can be taken in the event of failures, it is necessary to identify and remedy torsional vibrations on rotating parts in good time and in good time before entire drive units and / or driven machines are damaged will or fail.
  • a known measuring method for measuring torsional vibrations on rotating parts is explained in more detail with reference to the attached FIG. 1.
  • a measurement level P or an amplitude is plotted in the vertical direction and a time axis t is plotted in the horizontal direction.
  • a signal transmitter 1 (not shown here) (see FIG. 6), for example an incremental transmitter which interacts as a measurement sensor with a rotating part of a torsional vibration damper 40 (see FIG. 6), supplies a measurement signal sequence m with a predetermined number of measurement signals m- ⁇ , m 2 , for example in the known TTL format, with rising steep, successive signal edges 20, 21 per revolution of the rotating part. For the sake of clarity, only two successive measurement signals m- ⁇ , m 2 are shown.
  • the signal is a known square-wave signal and also has a known course of its amplitude, which consists of a steeply rising flank, a more or less constant adjoining section, which is also called a plateau, and a steeply rising edge.
  • successive measurement signals are referred to as a measurement signal sequence and their successive rising or falling signal edges as a signal edge sequence.
  • the time interval between these successive signal edges 20, 21 is proportional to the rotational speed.
  • the number of time-equidistant sampling intervals T 0 to T 5 of an oscillator oscillating at a constant frequency is therefore counted between the two successive signal edges 20 and 21 to measure the time, that is to say the rotational speed.
  • This oscillator signal is shown below the measurement signal sequence m. Since the oscillation frequency of the oscillator is constant and known, the time between two successive signal edges 20 and 21 can be deduced from a time-equidistant sampling 4, which is determined, for example, by rising edges of the oscillator signal and the number of time-equidistant sampling intervals T 0 to T 5 .
  • sampling times tai and ta 2 of a first and second signal level of the respective measurement signal mi, m 2 each correspond to the successive signal edges 20, 21, the level of the first and second signal level being the same here.
  • Such a time measurement by means of an oscillator and a counter for the time-equidistant sampling intervals To to T 5 has the disadvantage that, on the one hand, a relatively cost-intensive, high-frequency oscillator circuit is required in order to carry out the measurement precisely and, on the other hand, complex digital counters have to be used to measure the time intervals between two determine successive signal edges 20, 21.
  • this method has the disadvantage that the measurement accuracy is limited, since smaller times than a time period between two time-equidistant sampling intervals T 0 to T 5 cannot be detected.
  • the sampling or oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator circuit In order to increase the measuring accuracy and thus shorten the time span between two time-equidistant sampling intervals To to T5, the sampling or oscillation frequency of the high-frequency oscillator circuit must be increased further, and thus the costs will increase, especially since the effort wall increased to comply with the standards of so-called electromagnetic compatibility.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive method and an inexpensive device for measuring torsional vibrations, the precision of the measurement results being improved compared to the conventional method mentioned above, so that the most accurate measurement of the time interval between two successive signal edges 20, 21 can be carried out despite the use of a conventional incremental or signal transmitter and despite the reduction in the oscillation frequency of an oscillator circuit for the delivery of time-equidistant sampling intervals.
  • a method for measuring torsional vibrations on rotating parts is specified with the aid of signal transmitters.
  • the method has the following method steps. First, rising signal edges of measurement signals from a signal generator are converted into deformed rising signal edges from time-increasing measurement signals. A measurement signal level of the deformed rising edge is then recorded when the measurement signal sequences are sampled in a time-equidistant manner. A second measurement signal level of the deformed rising edge of the next measurement signal is then recorded when the measurement signal sequences are sampled in a time-equidistant manner. On the basis of the two measured signal levels of the deformed rising edges of the temporally rising measurement signals, two time spans between the respective start time of the measurement signal and the respective sampling time are calculated.
  • the signal transmitter is preferably designed as an incremental transmitter, wherein an analog transmitter can also be used to convert the signals into suitable forms, for example TTL signals.
  • an analog transmitter can also be used to convert the signals into suitable forms, for example TTL signals.
  • the time period between the start time of the measurement signal and the sampling time of the measurement signal can be determined very precisely.
  • the amplitude determined at the time of sampling of the onset of the edge rise is determined.
  • the sampling times between two signal edges make no contribution to the measurement signal level and therefore cannot falsify the analog measurement result.
  • the determined time intervals are proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotating part, these time intervals can be evaluated for the detection of torsional vibrations.
  • the analog time intervals are digitized using an A / D converter.
  • the determined time intervals can then be evaluated digitally, processed further and / or displayed digitally.
  • a / D converters are available inexpensively and can be used more cost-effectively than high-resolution, high-frequency counting cards.
  • the signal edges of the incremental encoder are converted into defined square-wave signals with the aid of a Schmitt trigger before they are converted into deformed rising edges from measurement signals rising at a time.
  • This variant of the method has the advantage that the square-wave signals of the Schmitt trigger, which are triggered by the signal edges of the measurement signals of the signal generator, are more constant both in their pulse duration and in their edge properties than the signal edges originating from the signal generator.
  • this variant of the method has the advantage that a so-called pulse deformation of these square-wave signals from the Schmitt trigger into deformed rising edges of time-increasing measurement signals provides measurement signals that rise in time in a constant and conforming manner, so that from the moment of probing and the signal level of the deformed rising edges, it precisely delivers a period between the start time of the measurement signal and sampling time for this signal level can be concluded.
  • the rising edges of the rectangular signals of the Schmitt trigger are converted with the help of an RC element into deformed rising edges of time-increasing measurement signals.
  • Passive circuit components built up from a resistor R and a capacitor C are particularly suitable for the method if their electrical parameters remain temperature-stable or are temperature-stabilized.
  • the temporally increasing measuring signal can be proportionally amplified by means of an operational amplifier.
  • an oscillator circuit is preferably used, the sampling frequency of which is at least twice as high as the highest possible measuring frequency of the signal generator and does not exceed three times this measuring frequency.
  • This embodiment of the method has the advantage that relatively low-frequency oscillator circuits can be used, the highest possible measurement frequency of the signal generator being understood to mean the frequency that occurs at the highest possible speed of the rotating part.
  • the sampling frequency which is at least twice as high, ensures that there is at least one sampling instant in each time-increasing measurement signal within two sampling cycles at the highest speed of the rotating part.
  • the limitation to an oscillator circuit which does not exceed three times the measurement frequency has the advantage that, despite the high temporal resolution of the method according to the invention for determining torsional vibrations, the oscillator circuit manages with a relatively low-clocked, inexpensive oscillator.
  • a measuring device for the detection and monitoring of torsional vibrations of rotating parts has a signal transmitter which supplies measuring signals with rising edges as a function of the rotational speed of the rotating parts.
  • the measuring device has a Schmitt trigger that outputs standard rectangular pulses.
  • An RC element is connected in series with the Schmitt trigger, which supplies a deformed rising edge on each rising edge of the rectangular pulses of the Schmitt trigger.
  • This deformed measurement signal with the so-called time-variant rising edge can be amplified proportionally by an operational amplifier in order to improve the time resolution.
  • a measuring device for detecting and monitoring torsional vibrations of rotating parts
  • the latter has an oscillator circuit that generates time-constant scanning signals and thus triggers the measuring device.
  • Both the time-equidistant scanning signals of the oscillator circuit and the time-variant rising edges of the RC elements are supplied to an analog evaluation circuit, which uses these signals to determine time intervals which are proportional to the rotational speed of the rotating part.
  • Such a measuring device has the advantage that it has a compact design, is inexpensive to manufacture and can be used both as a stationary measuring station and as a mobile measuring device in the field. Due to the compactness, precision and low cost of the measuring device, it can be supplied in addition to the torsional vibration dampers as a permanent monitoring unit to ensure that if the torsional vibration damper fails, timely countermeasures can be taken before a heavy engine causes major damage.
  • the measuring device can have a digital evaluation circuit, which is connected downstream of the A / D converter and interacts with it.
  • This digital evaluation circuit can determine torsional vibrations if fluctuations occur when comparing the determined digitized time intervals of the measuring device. If these fluctuations exceed predetermined limit values, maintenance or repair of the drive unit and in particular the torsional vibration damper can be arranged in good time.
  • the measuring device has an oscillator circuit which has a sampling frequency which is at least twice as high as the highest possible measuring frequency of the incremental encoder and does not exceed three times this measuring frequency.
  • This limitation of the sampling frequency to double or triple the maximum measurement frequency of the incremental encoder ensures that this measurement frequency is also Oscillator circuits get by that have relatively low oscillation frequencies.
  • the measuring device can be built into a housing in a manner that is safe from environmental influences, the housing accommodating the measuring device, which has at least one Schmitt trigger, an RC element, an operational amplifier, an oscillator circuit and an analog evaluation circuit.
  • the A / D converter can also be integrated into the housing.
  • the housing has a measurement input connection to which the incremental encoder can be connected and at least one measurement output connection to which a digital evaluation circuit can be connected.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the measuring principle of a conventional method for measuring torsional vibrations
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic diagram that demonstrates the evaluation of a measurement level of a measurement signal for recording a period of time
  • FIG. 3 shows a basic diagram for detecting a time interval between two signal edges according to the measuring method of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a basic block diagram of a measuring device according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a basic block diagram of a measuring device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagram showing the measuring principle of a conventional method for measuring torsional vibrations. This method has already been discussed in detail, so that a further discussion of FIG. 1 is unnecessary.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic diagram in which the time t is plotted on the abscissa and a measurement level P is plotted on the ordinate.
  • the diagram shows a time-increasing measurement signal 3, which has a time-variant rising edge 10 as the rising edge.
  • time-variant means that the course of this rising edge or the amplitude of the measurement signal 3 does not have a constant slope angle, as is the case with an ideal rising edge 20. 21 is the case, but that the slope angle of the course of the amplitude of the measurement signal 3 changes over time, as is the case, for example, with the known time course of charging or discharging a capacitor via a resistor.
  • the time-variant rising edge 10 starts at the time t s ⁇ , which starts with the time of a rising signal edge, for example the first of the successive signal edges 20, 21 of the above-mentioned measurement signal sequence m (see FIG. 1) of a signal generator 1, for example an incremental encoder (see FIG. 6) is triggered.
  • the measurement level P of the time-increasing measurement signal 3 starting from this time t s ⁇ is standardized as a function of time, so that at the time of sampling t a ⁇ of the first signal level, the first signal level here is a first measurement signal level Pi a measure or criterion for a first time period ⁇ t s ⁇ between Delivers start time t s ⁇ and the sampling time t a ⁇ of the first signal level.
  • the time-equidistant sampling 4 of sampling instants that do not provide any measuring signal levels different from the zero level determines time periods ⁇ t that elapse until a subsequent measuring signal occurs with a further time-variant rising edge.
  • a time period ⁇ t is the time between two time-equidistant samples 4 and is also referred to as the sampling cycle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a basic diagram for detecting a time interval I between two successive signal edges 20 and 21 according to the measuring method of the present invention. Components with the same functions as in FIG. 2 are identified by the same reference symbols and are not discussed separately.
  • the successive signal edges 20 and 21 are processed according to the invention via a Schmitt trigger 6 (see FIGS. 4 to 6) and via one RC element 7 interacting with the Schmitt trigger 6 (see also FIGS. 4 to 6) is converted into the time-variant rising edge 10 or a time-variant rising edge 30 of the subsequent signal.
  • the successive measurement signals mi, m 2 are standardized in a known manner by the Schmitt trigger 6, that is to say the successive signal edges 20 and 21 run uniformly and the level of the successive signals is the same, so that the time-variant rising edges 10 also and 30 are completely identical.
  • time-variant rising edge 10 in the diagram in FIG. 3 begins at the starting point t s ⁇
  • time-variant rising edge 30 begins at a time t s2 .
  • a time-equidistant sampling 4 is superimposed on this measurement signal sequence m, so that there is a first time period ⁇ t s ⁇ which is different from a second time period ⁇ t s2 corresponding to the rising edge 30.
  • the first time period ⁇ t s ⁇ is triggered by the first of the successive signal edges 20 of the first time-increasing measurement signal 3 at the start time t s ⁇ and lasts until the first sampling time t a ⁇ of the first signal level.
  • This first signal level is referred to here as a first measurement signal level Pi.
  • the second time span ⁇ t S 2 is triggered by the second of the successive signal edges 21 of the second time-increasing measurement signal 3 at the start time t s2 and lasts until the second sampling time t a2 of the second signal level.
  • This second signal level is referred to here as a second measurement signal level P 2 .
  • I 2 ⁇ t + ⁇ t s ⁇ - ⁇ t s2 .
  • the time periods ⁇ t of the sampling cycles between two measurable first and second measurement signal levels Pi and P 2 can be a multiple of the time period ⁇ t, so that the formula for the time interval I generally results:
  • n n- ⁇ t + ⁇ ts si1 - " ⁇ " tls2, where n is an integer and represents the number of sampling cycles between two successive measurement signals.
  • the time interval ⁇ t s ⁇ between the start time t s ⁇ and the sampling time t a ⁇ of the first signal level can be determined from the functional relationship between a signal level rise of the time-variant rising edge 10 and the measured first measurement signal level Pi.
  • the time-equidistant sampling 4 of a measurement signal sequence m of measurement signals initially results in a sequence of values close to zero until a value occurs that is significantly greater than zero, since it represents the first measurement signal level Pi at the sampling instant t a ⁇ of the first signal level.
  • the number of sampling cycles and their time periods ⁇ t between two measurements with a significant signal are calculated with the associated time periods ⁇ t s ⁇ and ⁇ t S 2.
  • the commonly used TTL signal edges which largely deliver a legal signal, are converted into signals that are not constant over time, so that not only the rising signal edges of these rectangular signals themselves, but also their respective time-dependent signal level P for evaluating and determining the time interval I, which is proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotating part.
  • FIG. 4 shows a basic block diagram of a measuring device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This measuring device has a measuring input connection 14, to which measuring signals with signal edges of a signal transmitter 1 or incremental transmitter (not shown here) are fed. These measurement signals are then converted in a Schmitt trigger 6 into a defined square-wave signal with steeply rising and falling edges and amplified to a specific signal level, since the Schmitt trigger 6 also acts as an operational amplifier in a known manner.
  • the square-wave signal is then damped or changed in such a way by means of an RC element 7 comprising a resistor R and a capacitor C that the rising edge of the measurement signal is changed to a time-variant rising edge as explained above. This process is known as so-called pulse deformation.
  • the RC element 7 acts as an integrator of the measurement signal. However, it is so designed so that only the rising edge receives a profile of a so-called charging curve of a capacitor.
  • the measurement signal can in turn be amplified by a downstream operational amplifier 8.
  • the resulting analog signal for the measurement signal levels of successive signal edges is digitized in a downstream A / D converter 5 and can now be processed further using known digital computing technology by connecting a corresponding digital evaluation circuit, not shown here, to the measurement output connection 15.
  • a signal transmitter 1 or incremental transmitter which interacts with a rotating part for monitoring torsional vibrations, supplies measurement signals via the feed line 22 as a function of the speed of rotation of the rotating part to a measurement input connection 14 of the housing 13 of the measuring device according to the invention.
  • measurement signals are not standardized square wave signals suitable for the measurement method according to the invention, the rising edges of which can be converted into time-variant rising edges.
  • the measurement signals are fed to a Schmitt trigger 6 via an internal connection, for example a conductor track 23 of a printed circuit or circuit board, which on the one hand generates square-wave pulses and on the other hand effects signal amplification.
  • the amplified standardized square-wave pulses of the Schmitt trigger 6 are fed via an internal conductor track 24 to an RC element 7, which converts the rising edges of the defined square-wave pulses into time-increasing measuring signals with time-varying rising edges.
  • These time-increasing measurement signals are fed to an operational amplifier 8 via an internal conductor track 25.
  • This operational amplifier 8 amplifies the measurement signals proportionally and supplies the measurement signals via an internal conductor track 26 to an analog evaluation circuit 11.
  • This analog evaluation circuit 11 is triggered by an oscillator circuit 9, which generates time-equidistant scanning signals and supplies them to the analog evaluation circuit 11 via an internal conductor track 27.
  • the analog evaluation circuit 11 supplies an analog signal which corresponds to the time interval between two successive measurement signals and thus a measure of the rotational speed of the rotating one interacting with the incremental encoder Is part.
  • This signal is now supplied to an A / D converter 5 via a further conductor track 28.
  • This A / D converter converts the analog signal of the determined time intervals into a digitized signal and delivers the digitized signal of the determined time intervals via another internal line 29 to the measurement output connection 15 of the housing 13, to which an external digital evaluation circuit 12 is connected via the connecting line 31 is connected.
  • the time-variant scanning signal of the oscillator circuit 9 is supplied via the same connection line 31 via the internal connection line 32 in order to further process, evaluate and display the determined time intervals in relation to possible torsional vibrations in the digital evaluation circuit 12.
  • the modular construction of the measuring device from a compact housing 13 with the main components of the measuring device and the external incremental encoder 1, which can be connected via a feed line 22 and which interacts directly with the rotating part, as well as the external digital evaluation circuit 12 with corresponding computing capacity ensures that the latter Measuring device can also be used mobile.
  • the feed line 22 and the connecting line 31 can also be coupled to the measurement input connection 14 or the measurement output connection 15 of the housing 13 via infrared interfaces or transmitting and receiving systems, so that greater flexibility can be achieved for the use of the measuring device. It is also possible in a multiplex process to connect a plurality of incremental encoders for different drive systems via the components in the compact housing 13 and to digitally evaluate and digitally monitor their measured values.
  • the signal transmitter 1 preferably an incremental transmitter, is in operative connection with a rotating part of a torsional vibration damper 40, not shown, and supplies measurement signals. These measurement signals are proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotating part. They are preferably rectangular. They are converted by means of a Schmitt trigger 6 into standardized square-wave signals as described above, which is followed by an RC element 7, which carries out a pulse deformation of the signal. This signal processed in this way is in an analog form and is now converted by an A / D converter 5 into a digital signal which is digitally processed by a digital evaluation circuit 12. The signals are processed in such a way that measured values are formed from torsional vibrations that occur, which are made available for display or for further processing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour mesurer des vibrations torsionnelles sur des pièces rotatives, à l'aide d'émetteurs de signaux (1), notamment d'émetteurs incrémentiels. Selon ce procédé, des fronts croissants successifs (20, 21) des signaux de mesure de l'émetteur de signaux (1) sont transformés respectivement en fronts croissants déformés de signaux de mesure augmentant dans le temps (3). On peut établir par calcul deux intervalles de temps (?ts1, ?ts2) entre un moment de début (ts1, ts2) du signal de mesure et le moment respectif de balayage (ta1, ta2) en détectant deux niveaux de signal de mesure successifs (P1, P2) des fronts de signaux déformés, avec un balayage équidistant dans le temps (4) des séquences de signaux de mesure (m), à l'aide des niveaux de signal de mesure détectés (P1, P2). En tenant compte des intervalles intermédiaires (?t) de cycles de balayage, on peut déterminer un intervalle de temps (I) qui est proportionnel à la vitesse de rotation de la pièce rotative. En contrôlant cet intervalle de temps (I), on peut ainsi déterminer de manière précise des vibrations torsionnelles à l'aide de variations de la vitesse de rotation.
PCT/EP2004/009007 2003-08-14 2004-08-12 Procede et dispositif pour mesurer des vibrations torsionnelles WO2005017471A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

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EP3147694A1 (fr) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-29 PROTECHNA Herbst GmbH & Co. KG Procede de fonctionnement d'un capteur photoelectrique et capteur photoelectrique
CN109974831A (zh) * 2019-04-10 2019-07-05 南京研旭电气科技有限公司 一种含时变间谐波扭振信号发生器

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DE102007003867A1 (de) * 2007-01-25 2008-07-31 Prüftechnik Dieter Busch AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen eines eine hochelastische Kupplung aufweisenden Antriebsstrangs

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EP1018640A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 2000-07-12 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co. Ltd. Instrument et procede de mesure de la vibration torsionnelle

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US5033305A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-07-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Digital torsionmeter
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US5390545A (en) * 1993-01-11 1995-02-21 Caterpillar Inc. Apparatus for measuring torsional vibrations of rotating machinery
EP1018640A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 2000-07-12 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co. Ltd. Instrument et procede de mesure de la vibration torsionnelle

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3147694A1 (fr) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-29 PROTECHNA Herbst GmbH & Co. KG Procede de fonctionnement d'un capteur photoelectrique et capteur photoelectrique
CN107037500A (zh) * 2015-09-24 2017-08-11 普罗泰克纳赫伯斯特有限两合公司 用于运行光电传感器的方法和光电传感器
CN109974831A (zh) * 2019-04-10 2019-07-05 南京研旭电气科技有限公司 一种含时变间谐波扭振信号发生器

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