Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/22—Hormones
  • A61K38/28—Insulins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
  • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
  • A61K47/643—Albumins, e.g. HSA, BSA, ovalbumin or a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KHL]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
  • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
  • A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • C07K14/575—Hormones
  • C07K14/62—Insulins

Definitions

• This invention relates to a long lasting insulin derivative. More particularly, the insulin derivative comprises an insulin molecule and a reactive group coupled thereto, the reactive group being for covalently bonding a blood component hence generating a long lasting insulin derivative. (b) Description of Prior Art
• Insulin is a vital endocrine hormone that binds to a cellular surface receptor setting off a cascade of events culminating in glucose absorption from the blood. Impaired levels of insulin lead to severe disorders such as types I and II diabetes. Type I diabetes is a life threatening disease where the patient must daily self-administer multiple doses insulin for survival. Type II diabetes, is also a severe medical disease where the endogenous levels of insulin can no longer maintained correct levels of glycemia because the patient due to a tolerance developed by the patient to endogenous levels of insulin. In order to reduce the onset of long-term consequences, a treatment with insulin becomes necessary after failure in lifestyle changes or when traditional glycemia controlling drugs become ineffective.
• an insulin derivative comprising an insulin molecule and a reactive group for covalently bonding a blood component.
• the insulin molecule is of formula I:
• the reactive group is coupled to an amino acid of the insulin molecule at a position selected from the positions Gly A1 ,Phe B1 and Lys B29.
• the reactive group selected are from the group consisting of Michael acceptors (a, ⁇ , unsaturated carbonyl moiety) succinimidyl-containing group and maleimido-containing groups, more preferably MPA (3-MaleimidoPropionic Acid).
• the reactive group is coupled to an amino acid of the insulin molecule via a linker, such as, but not limited to (2-amino) ethoxy acetic acid (AEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), amino ethoxy ethoxy succinimic acid (AEES), AEES-AEES, 2-[2-(2- amino)ethoxy)] ethoxy acetic acid (AEEA), AEEA-AEEA, -NH 2 -(CH 2 ) n - COOH where n is an integer between 1 and 20 and alkyl chain (C1-C10) motif saturated or unsaturated in which could be incorporated oxygen nitrogen or sulfur atoms, such as, but not limited to glycine, 3- aminopropionic acid (APA), 8-aminooctanoic acid (OA) and 4- aminobenzoic acid (APhA)and combination thereof.
• a linker such as, but not limited to (2-amino) ethoxy acetic acid (AEA), ethylene
• an insulin conjugate comprising an insulin derivative of the present invention and a blood component, wherein the reactive group and the blood component are conjugated through a covalent bond formed between said reactive group and said blood component.
• This conjugate is formed in vivo or ex vivo.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising the insulin derivative of the present invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising the insulin conjugate of the present invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a method for treating a glycaemic-related disease or disorder in a subject suffering from said glycaemic-related disease or disorder comprising administering at least one of the insulin derivatives of the present invention, the conjugate of the present invention and the pharmaceuticals compositions of the present invention to the subject.
• Fig. 1 illustrates example I to example VIII derived from native human insulin
• Fig. 2 illustrates competitive binding of insulin, insulin derivatives and conjugate of insulin derivatives on liver membranes of wistar rats;
• FIG. 3 illustrates competitive binding of insulin, insulin derivatives and conjugate of insulin derivatives on liver membranes of wistar rats;
• Fig 4A, 4B, 4C 5A.5B 6A,6B present various phases of 3T3 L1 adipocytes differenciation stages
• Fig. 7 illustrates glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes for insulin, example III and IV and their corresponding conjugate
• Fig. 8 illustrates glucose transport in epididymal fat cells from wistar rats adipocytes for insulin, example III and VI and their corresponding conjugate
• Fig. 9 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin at 3.6 mg/kg
• Fig. 10 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin derivatives of examples I, II and III at 3.6 mg/kg;
• Fig. 11 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin derivatives of examples I, II and III at 17.9 mg/kg;
• Fig. 12 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin and insulin derivative of example I at 3.6 mg/kg and insulin derivative of example I at 17.9 mg/kg;
• Fig. 13 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin and insulin derivative of example II at 3.6 mg/kg and insulin derivative of example II at 17.9 mg/kg;
• Fig. 14 illustrates delta glycaemia in function of time in animals treated with insulin and insulin derivative of example III at 3.6 mg/kg and insulin derivative of example III at 17.9 mg/kg;
• Fig. 15 illustrates the pharmacokinetic profile of native insulin injected subcutaneously and intravenously
• Fig. 16 illustrates the pharmacokinetic profile of conjugate of example III injected subcutaneously and intravenously
• Fig. 17 illustrates the pharmacokinetic profile of example III injected subcutaneously and intravenously
• Fig. 18 illustrates comparative pharmacokinetic profile of insulin, example III and conjugate of example III injected subcutaneously
• Fig. 19 illustrates comparative pharmacokinetic profile of insulin, example III and conjugate of example III injected intravenously;.
• Fig. 20 illustrates comparative pharmacodynamic profile post subcutaneous injections of insulin, example I to IV and vehicule in streptozocin induced diabetic rat;
• Fig. 21 illustrates comparative pharmacodynamic profile post subcutaneous injections of insulin, the conjugate of example I to IV and vehicule in streptozocin induced diabetic rat;
• Fig. 22 illustrates comparative pharmacodynamic profile of repeated subcutaneous injections of example III (dayl versus day 6 versus dayl 2 versus control).
• Fig. 23 illustrates comparative pharmacodymanic profile of repeated subcutaneous injections of the conjugate of example III (dayl versus day 6 versus day12 versus control).
• the insulin derivative comprises an insulin molecule and a reactive group coupled thereto, the reactive group being for covalently bonding a blood component.
• the covalently bonding resulting in the formation of a conjugate insulin-reactive group -blood component can be formed in vivo upon administration of the insulin derivative of the present invention. It is also intended that the covalently bonding can occur ex vivo by contacting the insulin derivative of the present invention with a source of albumin that can be recombinant albumin, or extracted from a subject's plasma, or providing from any other suitable source, which source would be known by one skilled in the art.
• the insulin molecule may be native human insulin (see the sequence of native human insulin below in Formula I) or an analogue thereof such as an insulin molecule with amino acid substitution(s), amino acid deletion(s) or amino acid addition(s).
• insulin analogue that can be used in accordance with the present invention without the intention to limit the present analogue in any way: insulin glargine called Lantus® of Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., which has a glycine substituted in position A21 and two residues of arginine added in C-terminus of the chain B; insulin detemir called Levemir® of Novo Nordisk A/S, which is a native human insulin where threonine in position B30 is deleted and tetradecanoyl is added on the lateral chain of lysine B29; insulin lispro called Humalog® of Eli Lilly, which is Lys B28, Pro B29 human insulin; insulin aspart called NovoLog® of Novo Nordisk A S, which
• the reactive group may be coupled to different functionalities on the insulin molecule or analogue thereof.
• the reactive group is coupled to an available amino group of the insulin molecule, such as the ⁇ -amino groups of the N-terminus amino acid of chains A and B, or the e-amino group of Lys B29.
• insulin analogue containing substituted and/or added amino acid(s) may contain additional amino group for coupling the reactive group; or other functionalities appropriate for coupling the reactive group thereto.
• Preferred reactive groups capable to covalently bond a blood component in vivo or ex vivo are Michael acceptors (a, ⁇ , unsaturated carbonyl moiety) succinimidyl-containing groups and maleimido-containing groups.
• the more preferred reactive group is a maleimido-containing group, and more particularly MPA (3-MaleimidoPropionic Acid).
• the reactive group is optionally coupled to the insulin molecule via a linker.
• the linker is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl motifs such as (2-amino) ethoxy acetic acid (AEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), amino ethoxy ethoxy succinimic acid (AEES), 2-[2-(2-amino)ethoxy)] ethoxy acetic acid (AEEA), AEEA-AEEA, - NH2-(CH2)n-COOH where n is an integer from 1 to 20; one or more alkyl chains (C1-C10) saturated or unsaturated in which could be incorporated oxygen nitrogen or sulfur atoms motifs such as glycine, 3-aminopropionic acid (APA), 8-aminooctanoic acid (OA), 4-aminobenzoic acid (APhA).
• AEA (2-amino) ethoxy acetic acid
• EDA ethylenediamine
• linkers examples include, without limitations, AEEA- EDA, AEEA-AEEA, AEA-AEEA, AEES-AEES, and the like.
• the preferred linker is 8-aminooctanoic acid (AOA) or the use of no linker with the reactive group MPA.
• AOA 8-aminooctanoic acid
• One skilled in the art would readily know what type of linker is suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
• the present invention also relates to an insulin conjugate.
• the conjugate comprises an insulin derivative where its reactive group has reacted with a blood component in vivo or ex vivo so as to form a covalent bond. Therefore, the conjugate may be formed in vivo by the administration of the insulin derivajtive, or ex vivo by contacting the insulin derivative to a blood solution or purified blood components ex vivo in conditions that allow formation of the covalent bond.
• Purified blood components can be provided by extraction and purification from blood sample or produced by recombinant techniques.
• the preferred blood component is a blood protein, and more preferably, serum albumin.
• the present invention further relates to method for treating glycaemic-related diseases or disorders, comprising the administration of insulin derivatives or insulin conjugates.
• Glycaemic-related diseases or disorders include diabetes of Type I and II, and gestational diabetes.
• cystic fibrosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, pancreatitis and other pancreas- related diseases may also be treated by the administration of insulin derivatives or insulin conjugates of the present invention.
• Insulin is also known as a growth factor and therefore, the insulin derivatives or insulin conjugates of the present invention can be useful in topical administration for wound healing and other related indications.
• Fig. 1 illustrates the insulin molecule and the Gly A1 , Phe B1 and Lys B29 sites referred to along the following examples.
• Example I Synthesis of (Gly A1)-MPA-lnsulin
• Insulin 100 mg was dissolved in DMF(dimethylformamide) (2 mL) and TFA (100 uL). To the solution, NMM (4-methylmorpholine. 200 uL) ,and MPA-OSu (N-succinimidyl 3-maleimidopropanoate, 9.2 mg 2.5 equivalents) were added and the reaction was stirred for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of water and adjusted to pH 4 with AcOH(acetic acid). Acetonitrile was added to dissolve the precipitate and the total volume of water/acetonitrile (3:1) was 20 mL. The solution was injected into a semi-preparative HPLC.
• Mass calculated is 5958.5 g/mol, and measured by LC-MS is 5958.0 g/mol.
• Table 1 show the amino acid sequence analysis (Edman degradation using phenylisothiocyanate) that was performed to confirm that the A-chain N-terminal was blocked and B-chain N-terminal (phenylalanine) was still free.
• Table 1 Edman Degradation Results (Positions) Compound Chain - 1 2 3 4 A Gly lie Val Glu Human Insulin B Phe Val Asn Gin A - - - Example I - B Phe -Val • Asn Gin A Gly lie Val Glu Example II B Example III A Gly lie Val Glu B A Gly lie Val Glu Example IV B Phe Val Asn Gin
• Table 1 presents the structural elucidation via Edman degradation of example I to IV
• Example II Synthesis of (Phe B1 )-MPA-lnsulin Insulin (100 mg) was dissolved in DMSO (dimethylsulphoxide) (4 mL) and Et 3 N (triethylamine) (100 uL) with sonication. To the solution, Boc 2 O (Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate) (9.3 mg, 2.5 equivalents) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (15 mL) and acetonitrile (5 mL) and the solution was adjusted to pH 4 with AcOH. The solution was injected into a semi-preparative HPLC.
• DMSO dimethylsulphoxide
• Et 3 N triethylamine
• Mass calculated is 5958.5 g/mol, and measured by LC-MS is 5958.4 g/mol.
• Insulin 74 mg was dissolved in DMSO (2 mL) and AcOH (46 uL). To the solution Boc 2 O (6.9 mg, 2.5 equivalents) was added and the reaction was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. Water (15 mL) and acetonitrile (5 mL) were added and the solution was injected to a semi- preparative HPLC column (C18 phenyl-hexyl) in flow rate of 9.5 mL/min and with gradient from 27-40% over 120 min. The fractions at 43 min. were combined and lyophilized to give (Gly A1 Phe B1)-Boc2-lnsulin (30 mg).
• Mass calculated is 5958.5 g/mol, and measured by LC-MS is 5958.0 g/mol.
• Flash column chromatography was carried out using a Biotage® "40i flash chromatography” modular system.
• Semi preparative HPLC purifications were done on a Waters "Breeze” system 1500 series using a Phenomex luna (RP-18, 10 u phenyl-hexyl 250 X 21.2 mm) column with a 9.5 mL/min mobile phase flow rate.
• a Gilson 690 system was used for preparative scale purification using a Phenomex luna (RP-18, 10 u phenyl- hexyl 250 X 50.0 mm) column with a 50 mL/min mobile phase flow rate.
• Boc-AEES (6.05 g) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 10 mL) for 10 min. TFA was removed in vacuo and dried further under vacuum.
• the (AEES) amino acid in was dissolved in N,N- dimethylformamide (20. mL) and basified with excess NMM.
• the crude product from example V was then added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h.
• the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was injected into preparative HPLC using a 5- 40% gradient over 60 min. The solvent was removed and the residue dried under vacuum to give Boc-(AEES) 2 -COOH as an oil (5,64 g, 84%). MS m/z 478.
• Boc-(AEES) 2 -COOH (3.60 g) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 10 mL) for 10 min. TFA was removed in vacuo and dried further under vacuum.
• the (AEES) 2 amino acid in was dissolved in N,N- dimethylformamide and basified with NMM.
• MPA-OSu (2.94 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. N,N-dimethylformamide was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in water and injected into preparative HPLC using a 5-40% gradient over 60 min. The pure fraction were combined and the solvent was removed to give MPA- (AEES) 2 -COOH as an off-white solid (3.8 g, 95%). MS m/z 542.2.
• Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrates the insulin binding in rat liver membrane in terms of the % of inhibition in function of the concentration of the insulin derivative of the present invention.
• Glucose uptake in adipocytes was used to evaluate the in vitro activity.
• 3T3-L1 cells a murine fibroblast cell line was differenciated in adipocytes for used in the bioassay.
• 3T3-L1 cells were plated and grown to confluency in DMEM and 10% FBS, followed by an incubation for two days. Differentiation was induced by adding dexamethasone and insulin (DO). By day 7, more than 90% of the cells displayed an adipocyte phenotype, i.e. accumulation of lipid droplets.
• Figs. 4A-4C show preadipocytes, cells after 3 days and adipocytes at 7 days.
• Figs. 5A and 5B show oil red o staining of adipocytes at 4 days and adipocytes at 7 days.
• Figs. 6A and 6B show oil red o and methylene blue staining at 4 days and at 7 days.
• 3T3-L1 adipocytes were starved overnight in DMEM containing 5mM glucose and 0.5% FBS. Cells were rinsed in Kreb's-Ringer-Hepes buffer containing 1% BSA and incubated with increasing concentrations of insulin, DAC:insulin derivatives and their corresponding conjugate for 20 minutes at 37°C and with [ 14 C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (1 ⁇ Ci/well) for an additional 20 minutes. Cells were solubilized and radioactivity was measured. Glucose uptake (%) was calculated versus insulin control and EC50 were calculated using GraphPad PrismTM software.
• Table 3 show the EC50 results for the compounds tested and Fig. 7 illustrates the glucose uptake in % of control in function of the concentration (M) of the compounds.
• glucose uptake in an other source of adipocytes was used to evaluate the in vitro activity.
• Epididymal fat obtained from Wistar derived male rats weighing 175 ⁇ 25 g is used.
• the tissue (0.03 g/ml) is degraded by collagenase in modified HEPES solution pH 7.4 at 37°C.
• Test compound and/or vehicle is incubated with 500 ⁇ l aliquots in modified HEPES buffer pH 7.4 and D-[3-3H]Glucose (2.5 ⁇ Ci/ml) is then added for 2 hour incubation.
• Test compound-induced the increase of glucose incorporation by more than 50 percent or more (>50%) relative to the control 2 nM insulin response indicates possible insulin receptor agonist activity.
• Test compound inhibition of the insulin-induced glucose incorporation response by more than 50% indicates insulin receptor antagonist activity.
• Compounds are screened at 10, 1 , 0.1 , 0.01 and 0.001 ⁇ M.
• Table 4 show the EC50 results for the compounds tested and Fig. 8 illustrates the glucose uptake in % of control in function of the concentration (M) of the compounds.
• Tested compounds were administered by a single subcutaneous bolus injection in 5-6 week-old female db/db mice weighing 24.3 to 33.3 g.
• the average volume of dosing solution injected was 0.35 mL/mouse (12.5 mL/kg).
• Recombinant (E. coli) human insulin (called herein below “rH insulin”) is provided by ICNTM at a concentration of 28 lU/mg.
• Table 7 shows food consumption (total weight/cage (g)) following a single administration of rH insulin and insulin derivatives.
• Table 8 shows food consumption versus control (total weight/cage (g)) following a single administration of rH insulin and insulin derivatives.
• Delta glycaemia is calculated from blood glucose levels of post- dose glucose level versus the pre-dose glucose level for each individual mouse are reported in Figs 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, and 14.
• insulin derivatives Example I, Example II and Example III
• Example 2 was as active as insulin during the first 2 hours while only a marginal effect was observed with Example I and Example III.
• the lowering effect of rH insulin was more pronounced at 17.9 mg/kg since it was observed for up to 24 hours.
• Fig. 15 is the pharmacokinetic profile of insulin in normal SD rats where insulin was administered sc at 36 nmol/kg and iv at 12 nmol/kg. Fig.
• Fig. 16 is the pharmacokinetic profile of the conjugate of example III in normal SD rats where the conjugate was administered sc at 36 nmol/kg and iv at 12 nmol/kg.
• Fig. 17 is the pharmacokinetic profile of the insulin derivative of example III in normal SD rats where the insulin derivative was administered sc at 36 nmol/kg and iv at 12 nmol/kg.
• Fig. 18 is the subcutaneous PK profile of the administration of insulin, insulin derivative of example III and the conjugate of the insulin derivative of example III.
• Fig. 19 is the intravenous PK profile of the administration of insulin, insulin derivative of example III and the conjugate of the insulin derivative of example III.
• Example XIV Single dose pharmacodynamic in diabetic rats
• Figs. 20 shows the blood glucose level in rats after administration of 120nmol/kg of example I to IV.
• Fig 21 shows the blood glucose level in rats after administration of the corresponding conjugate of example I t ⁇ lV of the present invention at 300nmol/kg.
• This assay was conducted to evaluate the potency of the insulin derivative of the example III and its conjugate versus free human recombinant insulin following repeated subcutaneous injections in adult male CD® rats.
• Type 1 diabetes was induced in male CD® rats on study day 1 by a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, pH 4.5). Hyperglycemia was confirmed using a blood glucose monitor to test blood. Test compound was administered once daily on study days 3 through 14 at 1 mL/kg body weight by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Blood glucose levels were tested just prior to dose administration each day and at 2,8 and 18 hours following administration. Feed and water consumption were monitored daily. Body weights were collected on study days 1 , 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 17.
• Fig. 22 illustrates the blood glucose daily profile at day 1 , 6 and 12 for the insulin derivative of example III and Fig. 23 illustrates the blood glucose daily profile at day 1, 6 and 12 for the conjugate of the insulin derivative of example III.

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