WO2005011532A2 - Dispositif pour exciter les instruments vocaux - Google Patents

Dispositif pour exciter les instruments vocaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005011532A2
WO2005011532A2 PCT/CZ2004/000041 CZ2004000041W WO2005011532A2 WO 2005011532 A2 WO2005011532 A2 WO 2005011532A2 CZ 2004000041 W CZ2004000041 W CZ 2004000041W WO 2005011532 A2 WO2005011532 A2 WO 2005011532A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
compressed air
speech
patient
tools
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2004/000041
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005011532A3 (fr
Inventor
Vojtech Misun
Original Assignee
Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne filed Critical Vysoke Uceni Technicke V Brne
Publication of WO2005011532A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005011532A2/fr
Publication of WO2005011532A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005011532A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/20—Epiglottis; Larynxes; Tracheae combined with larynxes or for use therewith

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for exciting the speech tools in patients after the laryngotomy or tracheotomy.
  • the source voice When whispering, the source voice is generated as a stochastic sound when the air flows out of the lungs through the constantly half-opened vocal cords.
  • the gap between the vocal cords does not change when speaking, and the air expanding after exiting the vocal cord space generates an acoustic noise, the spectrum of which is steady and relatively flat.
  • the vocal cords When spoken aloud, however, the vocal cords generate a periodic signal, which is composed of a fundamental tone, the height (frequency) of which humans knowingly choose through the tension of the vocal cords, and which is also composed of a certain number of overtones.
  • the minimum number of overtones is given by the requirement that they can excite at least the first three formants of the individual vowels. Vowels and consonants are the cornerstones of human language.
  • the vowels are generated differently than the consonants.
  • the vowels are defined by the corresponding formants, which are the natural frequencies of the vowel cavity formed by the oral and larynx cavities.
  • the formants are therefore acoustic features of the speech tools with their different settings.
  • the excitation of vowel formants basically does not require air flow through the speaking tools.
  • These formants can also be generated by sound waves themselves, as long as they have a suitable wave spectrum. The vowels can be pronounced loudly or in a whisper.
  • the consonants demand that air flows through the speech tools.
  • the speech tools can also be excited by an external source that is not dependent on the activity of one's own vocal cords. This is used to make at least a limited vowel possible for people with tracheotomy.
  • an external source is a vibrator electrolarynx, which is attached to the throat at a certain point under the chin. The speaker then simulates the configuration of the individual parts of the speech tools as when speaking. The result is a limited understandable monotonous acoustic signal with the basic frequency of the voice.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is a relatively low intelligibility of the language and the impossibility of changing the intonation.
  • Another option after the tracheotomy is the so-called larynx voice, which is generated by the upper laryngeal sphincter and whose frequency cannot be influenced either.
  • the compressed air to excite the muscle can come from two sources: by swallowing the air and then squeezing it out into the oral cavity, causing the walls of the sphincter to vibrate and generate a source voice. It is also possible to connect the trachea to the esophagus by means of a one-way valve through which the air flows into the throat when the patient covers the stoma with his hand.
  • the first method allows only a very short statement.
  • the disadvantage of the second method is that it is not possible to form a completely tight valve, and so the liquids penetrate from the throat into the trachea and lungs.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a device for external excitation of the speech tools, which substantially limits the disadvantages of the known solutions mentioned, and at the same time to mention possible uses of this device.
  • a device for external excitation of the speech tools which is formed by a generator of the source voice, which is configured with the patient's speech tools and is provided with a compressed air supply line tapped to a compressed air source.
  • the generator can be designed as a nozzle with an inner diameter of 2 to 8 mm and with a rounded outlet edge. When the compressed air flows and expands, a nozzle generates a sound with a constant wave spectrum that is suitable for forming the vowels when whispering.
  • the generator can also be formed as a vocal cord prosthesis, which is formed by two elastic walls separated by a rigid partial wall.
  • the vocal cord prosthesis can be provided with a device for changing the tension in the elastic walls. So you can change the number of vibrations of the elastic walls and thereby determine the basic frequency of the voice.
  • the generator can be connected to a sound supply tube which is adapted to flow into the patient's speech tools. This makes it possible to place the generator outside the patient's body and thereby to emit the acoustic signal at an optimal point in the speech organ.
  • the sound supply tube can be adapted to flow through the nose or surgically through the throat, with the best results being achieved when it flows into the rear part of the speaking tools.
  • a compressor or a compressed air tank with a pressure gauge can serve as the compressed air source.
  • the inlet of the supply line for connection to the stoma of the patient is adapted. Then the patient's lungs can serve as a source of compressed air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a speech tool in section with an example of use of the device according to the invention for its external excitation
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a nozzle as a generator of the source voice
  • FIG. 3 shows a continuous wave spectrum of the source voice that passes through the nozzle according to FIG. 2
  • FIG. 5 shows the prosthesis according to FIG. 4 in a voice view
  • FIG. 6 shows a wave spectrum of the source voice generated by the prosthesis according to FIG. 4 and 5 is generated.
  • FIG. 1 A generator 4 of the source voice is connected to the compressed air source, in this case to a compressed air container 1, by means of a feed line 2 and a valve 3, which generator opens into the patient's nasal cavity.
  • An air flow 5 and sound waves 6 flow out of the generator 4 through the nasal cavity to the speaking tools.
  • 7 is the oral cavity in Fig. 1, 8 entry into the Eustachian tube, 9 Velum and 10 vocal cords.
  • the use of the facility is demonstrated here using the speech tools of a healthy person.
  • FIG. 2 with an inside diameter d of 3.5 to 5.5 mm and with a rounded exit edge 11 serves as the generator.
  • the compressed air supply and the flow of the expanding air are indicated by arrows.
  • the nozzle according to FIG. 2 generates a constant spectrum, which is shown in FIG. 3 and is necessary for the formation of consonants when whispering.
  • a vocal cord prosthesis shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used as a generator of the source voice, which is formed by two elastic walls 12 separated by a rigid partial wall 13.
  • both elastic walls 12 oscillate here. As a result, the air flow is interrupted and compressed air bubbles form.
  • the wave spectrum of the source voice generated by the vocal cord prosthesis according to FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown in the diagram according to FIG. 6.
  • the vocal cord prosthesis can be provided with a device for changing the tensile stress in the elastic walls 12, ie for changing its length R. This device regulates the vibration frequency of the walls 12 and thereby the basic frequency of the voice. you can set a lower frequency - for men and a higher one - for women.
  • the generator 4 of the source voice can be connected to a sound supply tube which is adapted to flow into the patient's speech tools.
  • the sound delivery tube can be adapted to flow through the nose or surgically through the throat.
  • a compressed air container 1 according to FIG. 1 or a compressor can serve as the source of the compressed air.
  • the inlet of the feed line is adapted for connection to the stoma. Then the patient's lungs can serve as a source of compressed air.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif utilisé pour exciter de façon externe les instruments vocaux, lequel est formé par un générateur de voix source qui est configuré avec les organes vocaux du patient et qui est pourvu d'une conduite d'amenée d'air comprimé raccordée à une source d'air comprimé.
PCT/CZ2004/000041 2003-08-04 2004-07-28 Dispositif pour exciter les instruments vocaux WO2005011532A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2003-2109 2003-08-04
CZ20032109A CZ20032109A3 (cs) 2003-08-04 2003-08-04 Zařízení k externímu buzení vokálního traktu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005011532A2 true WO2005011532A2 (fr) 2005-02-10
WO2005011532A3 WO2005011532A3 (fr) 2005-04-21

Family

ID=34109658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CZ2004/000041 WO2005011532A2 (fr) 2003-08-04 2004-07-28 Dispositif pour exciter les instruments vocaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CZ (1) CZ20032109A3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005011532A2 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1985013A (en) * 1932-10-20 1934-12-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Artificial larynx
US4489440A (en) * 1983-10-14 1984-12-18 Bear Medical Systems, Inc. Pressure-compensated pneumatic speech simulator
US4586931A (en) * 1981-12-11 1986-05-06 Hansa Medical Products, Inc. Auto actuatable switch, speech simulator and method for tracheotomized individuals
US4627095A (en) * 1984-04-13 1986-12-02 Larry Thompson Artificial voice apparatus
US4773412A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-09-27 Hansa Medical Products, Inc. Speaking tracheostomy tube

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1985013A (en) * 1932-10-20 1934-12-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Artificial larynx
US4586931A (en) * 1981-12-11 1986-05-06 Hansa Medical Products, Inc. Auto actuatable switch, speech simulator and method for tracheotomized individuals
US4489440A (en) * 1983-10-14 1984-12-18 Bear Medical Systems, Inc. Pressure-compensated pneumatic speech simulator
US4627095A (en) * 1984-04-13 1986-12-02 Larry Thompson Artificial voice apparatus
US4773412A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-09-27 Hansa Medical Products, Inc. Speaking tracheostomy tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005011532A3 (fr) 2005-04-21
CZ20032109A3 (cs) 2005-03-16

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