WO2005010456A2 - Tampon de mise a feu electrique de securite pour detonateurs electriques - Google Patents

Tampon de mise a feu electrique de securite pour detonateurs electriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005010456A2
WO2005010456A2 PCT/US2004/016046 US2004016046W WO2005010456A2 WO 2005010456 A2 WO2005010456 A2 WO 2005010456A2 US 2004016046 W US2004016046 W US 2004016046W WO 2005010456 A2 WO2005010456 A2 WO 2005010456A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spot material
detonator
primer spot
primer
conductor pins
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/016046
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005010456A3 (fr
Inventor
William W. Ofca
Original Assignee
Dyno Nobel, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyno Nobel, Inc. filed Critical Dyno Nobel, Inc.
Priority to CA002526807A priority Critical patent/CA2526807A1/fr
Priority to EA200501856A priority patent/EA009339B1/ru
Priority to AU2004260017A priority patent/AU2004260017A1/en
Priority to MXPA05012585A priority patent/MXPA05012585A/es
Publication of WO2005010456A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005010456A2/fr
Priority to EGNA2005000754 priority patent/EG24036A/xx
Publication of WO2005010456A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005010456A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/18—Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/195—Manufacture
    • F42B3/198—Manufacture of electric initiator heads e.g., testing, machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to detonation devices for use in the detonation of explosives. More particularly, the present invention relates to electric initiation plugs.
  • Related Art Detonators are used to initiate numerous types of explosive charges, from industrial to military settings.
  • One precise and easily controlled detonation system utilizes electric current to initiate the explosive charge.
  • These electric detonators typically consist of an elongated shell with an electrical ignition element at one end and an explosive base charge enclosed at the other end.
  • External initiator leads extend through the ignition element and into the detonator interior, facing towards the base charge.
  • a small bridge wire extends across the ends of the initiator leads, and is usually covered with a small amount of explosive material. Li order to detonate the device, electrical current is introduced across the initiator leads.
  • the small diameter of the bridge wire creates resistance to the flow of electrical current, generating heat. If the heat exceeds a critical temperature, the explosive material reacts, initiating the explosive reaction that will ultimately cause the detonation of the base charge. Additionally, a delay element may be disposed between the ignition element and the base charge to regulate the time between the initiation of the explosive reaction and the detonation of the base charge.
  • the design of electric detonators utilizing the heating of a bridge wire allows low-electrical current signals to be employed. This creates safety issues regarding the premature detonation of these devices. One of these issues relates to static electricity buildup.
  • Static electricity from the environment or the individual using the detonator may build up in the initiation leads and be discharged through the bridge wire, causing premature initiation of the explosive reaction and the detonation of the base charge, thus creating a potentially dangerous situation for those individuals in the vicinity of the blast.
  • One method utilized in an attempt to nullify this potentially dangerous situation involves a shunt disposed across the initiator leads to discharge static buildup.
  • -Another method involves grounding the initiator leads to the shell of the detonator and to ground, effectively discharging the static electricity away from the bridge wire.
  • the leads may act as antennas, causing a small current to flow through the bridge wire and initiating the explosive reaction.
  • One method utilized in an attempt to reduce the safety hazards inherent to RF radiation minimizes the antenna affect of the initiator leads by winding them into a bundle to reduce their length.
  • the aforementioned safety methods relating to static electricity namely utilizing a shunt across the initiator leads and grounding the initiator leads to the detonator shell, also serve to reduce the flow of small currents associated with RF radiation across the bridge wire.
  • the detonator When the detonator is readied for use, however, the initiator leads must be unwound and the shunts and grounding devices removed, creating a potentially dangerous situation for the operator. Another safety issue may arise to individuals not associated with the blasting operation. Some blasting, especially seismic gas and oil exploration, may be conducted in areas where the public has a great deal of access.
  • the detonators may be buried in the ground well in advance of the scheduled blasting while other associated but remote sites are similarly prepared. In the interim between the placement of the detonator and the detonation of the explosives the public may have access to the site. If the initiator leads are found, the detonator can be exploded by something as simple as a 1 A Nolt battery.
  • detonator safety methods do not entirely eliminate the threat of premature initiation.
  • the devices utilized to provide safety protection need to be removed. During this period of time the user of the detonator is at potential risk.
  • the present invention provides an initiation plug that requires high voltage and high electrical current to activate, thus reducing accidents caused by low voltage/low current sources.
  • the present invention provides an initiation device for initiating an electric detonator utilizing an open circuit to decrease occurrences of accidental detonation.
  • the device may include an initiator housing, at least two conductor pins disposed through the initiator housing and spaced within the housing such that they are electrically isolated from one another, and a chemical primer spot material disposed between the conductor pins.
  • the primer spot material may be comprised of a mixture of reactive material and metal and/or conductive non-metal components.
  • the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide resistance to conducting an electrical current to maintain an open circuit condition prior to occurrence of a breakdown voltage which is dependent upon the amount of metal and other conductive components in the primer spot material. Subsequently, the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide a conductive medium on the occurrence of an electrical arc between the conductive pins that arises at voltages in excess of the breakdown voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device for initiating an electric detonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a device for initiating an electric detonator in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing an electric initiation element for a detonator with a variable range of initiation voltages in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing an electric initiation element for a detonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device for initiating an electric detonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a device for initiating an electric detonator in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing an electric initiation element for
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of initiating an electric detonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated herein, and additional applications of the principles of the inventions as illustrated herein, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
  • One of the major problems confronting those working in the explosives industry is the premature detonation of an explosive charge due to static electricity, RF radiation from radio transmitters, cellular phones, etc.
  • FIG.s 1 and 2 show cross-sectional views of an explosive initiation device for initiating an electric detonator utilizing an open circuit to decrease occurrences of accidental detonation according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the initiation device 10 may include an initiator housing 12 and at least two conductor pins 14.
  • the conductor pins 14 may be disposed through the initiator housing 12, spaced within the housing such that the conductor pins 14 are electrically isolated from one another.
  • the conductor pins 14 may be made of a conductive material, an example of which is copper clad iron wire.
  • the initiator housing 12 may be made from a nonconductive material such as plastic, rubber, glass or other insulating material in order to electrically isolate the conductor pins 14.
  • a nonconductive material such as plastic, rubber, glass or other insulating material
  • embodiments of this invention contemplate an initiator housing 12 made from a conductive material with a nonconductive insert surrounding the conductor pins 14 thus achieving electrical isolation.
  • This example embodiment of the initiation device 10 may also include primer spot material 16 disposed between the conductor pins 14.
  • the primer spot material 16 may be comprised of a mixture of a reactive material and a metal component or a metal together with other non-metal conductive materials.
  • the reactive material may be an explosive, examples of which may be, but are not limited to, HMX, RDX, and PETN, and any crystalline powder explosive in admixtures with each other and in mixtures of oxidizing chemicals.
  • the metal component may be a variety of conductive materials.
  • the metal component may include other conductive components, such as graphite, carbon, charcoal, zirconium, or any other conductive material with similar functional properties.
  • the primer spot material may include a mixture of HMX explosive and from about 8% to about 12% aluminum particles by weight. More specifically, a primer spot material mixture may be comprised of HMX explosive and about 10% aluminum particles by weight. Significant functional reliability has been achieved with a mixture of HMX explosive and 9% each of aluminum powder and graphite powder.
  • the primer spot material 16 has electrical properties which provide resistance to conducting electrical current to maintain an open circuit condition up to a breakdown voltage which is dependent upon the amount of conductive component in the primer spot material. Subsequently, the primer spot material 16 has electrical properties which provide a conductive medium on occurrence of an electrical arc between the conductive pins that arises at voltages in excess of the breakdown voltage.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the initiation device 10 in which a ferrule 19 is coupled to the initiator housing 12 at one end to enclose and hold the primer spot material 16.
  • one embodiment of the initiation device 10 may further include a detonator housing 18 coupled to the initiator housing 12.
  • the primer spot material is contained by the detonator housing 18 in a position which is directed towards a primary explosive 22 followed by a base charge 24 of initiator explosive.
  • the initiation device 10 may be inserted into the detonator housing 18 with or without a ferrule 19 attached.
  • the first step 32 of the method 30 may include providing an initiator housing.
  • the second step 34 of the method 30 may include disposing at least two conductor pins through the initiator housing.
  • the conductor pins may be spaced within the initiator housing such that they are electrically isolated from one another, forming an open circuit.
  • conductor pins spaced at about 1/10 inch apart ( ⁇ .005) produced good results.
  • the open circuit assures that low electrical current from sources such as static electricity, RF radiation, and stray currents induced into the wire leads will be insufficient to cause initiation.
  • the conductor pins may be made of a conductive material, an example of which is copper clad iron wire.
  • the initiator housing may be made from a nonconductive material such as plastic, rubber, glass or other insulating material in order to electrically isolate the conductor pins.
  • embodiments of this invention contemplate an initiator housing made from a conductive material with a nonconductive insert surrounding the conductor pins thus achieving electrical isolation.
  • the third step 36 of the method 30 may include providing a reactive material.
  • the reactive material may be an explosive, examples of which may be, but are not limited to, HMX, RDX, PETN, and any crystalline powder explosive in admixtures with each other and in mixtures of oxidizing chemicals.
  • the fourth step 38 of the method 30 may include determining an amount of conductive component to achieve a range of conduction initiation voltages.
  • the conductive component may be a variety of conductive materials. For example, but not by way of limitation, aluminum powder, iron powder, steel powder, magnalium alloy, magnesium, zirconium, graphite, carbon, charcoal, any combination of these materials, or any other conductive material with similar functional properties.
  • the fifth step 40 of the method 30 may include mixing the reactive material and the conductive component to form a primer spot material.
  • the initiation voltage is defined as the voltage at which the open circuit experiences breakdown with conduction of electrical current.
  • the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide resistance to conducting electrical current to maintain the open circuit condition up to the breakdown voltage.
  • the breakdown voltage is dependent upon the amount of conductive component in the primer spot material, and may be altered by varying the amount of conductive component that is mixed with the reactive material to form the primer spot material.
  • the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide a subsequent conductive medium on occurrence of an electrical arc between the conductive pins that arises at voltages in excess of the breakdown voltage. Finally, the electrical properties are such that the electrical arc provides energy to form a plasma from the primer spot material.
  • the sixth step 42 of the method 30 may include coupling a ferrule to the initiator housing.
  • a slurry may be created from the primer spot material and a lacquer such as, but not limited to, a nitrocellulose lacquer.
  • the slurry may then be applied 46 to the conductor pins within the ferrule.
  • the method of disposing the primer spot material between the conductor pins is not limited herein, and may be accomplished by any means known in the art.
  • a detonator may be coupled 48 to the ferrule. In one embodiment of the invention, the ferrule and initiator housing may be inserted into a detonator housing.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method 60 of manufacturing an electric initiation element for a detonator.
  • the first step 62 of the method 60 may include providing an initiator housing.
  • the second step 64 of the method 60 may include disposing at least two conductor pins through the initiator housing.
  • the conductor pins may be spaced within the initiator housing such that they are electrically isolated from one another, forming an open circuit.
  • the open circuit assures that low power energy sources such as static electricity and RF radiation will be insufficient to cause initiation.
  • the conductor pins maybe made of a conductive material, an example of which is copper clad iron wire.
  • the initiator housing may be made from a nonconductive material such as plastic, rubber, glass or other insulating material in order to electrically isolate the conductor pins.
  • embodiments of this invention contemplate an initiator housing made from a conductive material with a nonconductive insert surrounding the conductor pins thus achieving electrical isolation.
  • the third step 66 of the method 60 includes coupling a ferrule to the initiator housing, hi a subsequent step 68, a slurry may be created from primer spot material and a lacquer such as, but not limited to, a nitrocellulose lacquer. The slurry may then be applied 70 to the conductor pins within the ferrule.
  • the primer spot material may be comprised of a mixture of a reactive material and a metal component.
  • the reactive material may be an explosive, examples of which may be, but are not limited to, HMX, RDX, and PETN, and any crystalline powder explosive in admixtures with each other and in mixtures of oxidizing chemicals.
  • the metal component may be a variety of conductive materials. For example, but not by way of limitation, aluminum powder, iron powder, steel powder, magnalium alloy, magnesium, zirconium, graphite, carbon, charcoal, any combination of these materials, or any other conductive material with similar functional properties.
  • the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide resistance to conducting electrical current to maintain an open circuit condition.
  • the primer spot material has electrical properties which provide a conductive medium on occurrence of an electrical arc between the conductive pins. Finally, the electrical properties are such that the electrical arc provides energy to form a plasma from the primer spot material.
  • a detonator may be coupled 72 to the ferrule. In one embodiment of the invention, the ferrule and initiator housing may be inserted into a detonator housing. This method should in no way be limited by the use of the ferrule, and it is contemplated that other means of containing the primer spot material and coupling the initiator to the detonator are included within its scope.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method 80 of initiating an electric detonator.
  • the first step 82 of the method 80 may include providing an open circuit across a primer spot material.
  • the primer spot material may be comprised of a mixture of a reactive material and a conductive component.
  • the reactive material may be an explosive, examples of which may be, but are not limited to, HMX, RDX, and PETN, and any crystalline powder explosive in admixtures with each other and in mixtures of oxidizing chemicals.
  • the conductive component may be a variety of conductive materials. For example, but not by way of limitation, aluminum powder, iron powder, steel powder, magnalium alloy, magnesium, zirconium, graphite, carbon, charcoal, any combination of these materials, or any other conductive material with similar functional properties.
  • the second step 84 of the method 80 may include applying a sufficiently high voltage to the open circuit to cause the primer spot material to ionize.
  • the sufficiently high voltage may be a DC current supplied by a charged capacitor that is applied across the primer spot material at a negative input region and a positive input region.
  • the primer spot material close to the negative input region gets an abundance of electrons and becomes negatively charged.
  • the primer spot material near the positive input region has electrons drawn away, and the absence of electrons causes it to become positively charged.
  • the atoms within the primer spot material that are effectively charged by this process are the metal component, the reactive material, the air gaps between the metal component and the reactive material, and also the air above the primer spot material near the negative and positive input regions.
  • the reactive material may be non-conductive or a good insulator.
  • the third step 86 of the method 80 may include maintaining the electrical current conduction after voltage breakdown across the conductive medium to cause the metal component to vaporize.
  • the discharge of the high voltage DC current across the primer spot material creates high heat that melts and vaporizes the metal component into a plasma gas.
  • a shockwave is created by the high voltage DC current when it arcs across the primer spot material.
  • the reaction of the explosive material may contribute to this shockwave.
  • the fourth step 88 of the method 80 may include maintaining the voltage across the conductor medium to allow the current to flow by means of the plasma gas.
  • the resulting plasma gas arc with the accompanying high heat and shockwave causes a quantity of the reactive material to react, thus boosting the heat and the shockwave in a direction towards a detonator charge to initiate the detonator charge.
  • EXAMPLE The following example represents an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • Mixtures of primer spot material comprising HMX explosive with 10% aluminum by weight and variable amounts of graphite were tested for firing times. The static test was 27 kilo volts charged on a 300 pfd capacitor and then switched to the pins of the plug. Only the 10% graphite formula did not spark or arc after multiple repeated tries on several different plugs. When 10% graphite is mixed with the HMX explosive with 10% aluminum, the resulting formula contains 82% HMX, 9% aluminum and 9% graphite by weight. The other formulas all sparked (arced) pin to pin on every try.
  • This plug-only static test was a visual test, and those that displayed sparking indicated the potential to shoot a detonator, thus those plugs failed the test. When it was determined that a sample plug failed the static test no further testing was considered, thus explaining the n/a entries in Table 1.
  • the Max. No Fire test represents the maximum AC or DC voltage that can be applied with absolutely no reactions observed in the initiation element, including sparking or smoking.
  • the Min. All Fire test represents the minimum DC voltage that can be applied that will cause all initiation plugs to fire. All DC voltage function time testing was accomplished by charging a 470 microfarad capacitor to 650 V, and then switching the charged capacitor to the pins of the plug. The AC voltage testing was accomplished with a variac capable of 0 to 140 VAC adjustable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mise à feu d'un détonateur électrique, utilisant un circuit ouvert en vue de réduire les risques de détonation accidentelle. Le dispositif peut comprendre un boîtier de mise à feu (12), au moins deux tiges conductrices disposées dans le boîtier et espacées à l'intérieur du boîtier de façon qu'elles soient électriquement isolées l'une de l'autre, et un matériau de point d'amorçage (16) disposé entre les tiges conductrices. Le matériau de point d'amorçage comprend un mélange d'un matériau réactif et d'un composant métallique. Le matériau de point d'amorçage présente des propriétés électriques procurant une résistance à la conduction d'un courant électrique, afin de maintenir un état de circuit ouvert avant production d'une tension de claquage qui est dépendante de la quantité de composant métallique dans le matériau de point d'amorçage. Il s'ensuit que le matériau de point d'amorçage présente des propriétés électriques fournissant un milieu conducteur en présence d'un arc électrique entre les tiges conductrices, lequel se produit à des tensions en excès de la tension de blocage. Enfin, les propriétés électriques sont telles que l'arc électrique fournit l'énergie pour former un plasma à partir du matériau de point d'amorçage, entraînant la mise à feu du détonateur.
PCT/US2004/016046 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Tampon de mise a feu electrique de securite pour detonateurs electriques WO2005010456A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002526807A CA2526807A1 (fr) 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Tampon de mise a feu electrique de securite pour detonateurs electriques
EA200501856A EA009339B1 (ru) 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Безопасная электрическая инициирующая свеча для электрических детонаторов
AU2004260017A AU2004260017A1 (en) 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Safe electrical initiation plug for electric detonators
MXPA05012585A MXPA05012585A (es) 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Clavija de iniciacion electrica de seguridad para detonadores electricos.
EGNA2005000754 EG24036A (en) 2003-05-23 2005-11-22 Safe electrical initiation plug for electric detonators

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/444,389 2003-05-23
US10/444,389 US20040231546A1 (en) 2003-05-23 2003-05-23 Safe electrical initiation plug for electric detonators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005010456A2 true WO2005010456A2 (fr) 2005-02-03
WO2005010456A3 WO2005010456A3 (fr) 2005-11-24

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PCT/US2004/016046 WO2005010456A2 (fr) 2003-05-23 2004-05-20 Tampon de mise a feu electrique de securite pour detonateurs electriques

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20040231546A1 (fr)
AR (1) AR049456A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2004260017A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2526807A1 (fr)
CO (1) CO5721031A2 (fr)
EA (1) EA009339B1 (fr)
EG (1) EG24036A (fr)
MX (1) MXPA05012585A (fr)
WO (1) WO2005010456A2 (fr)

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CN103940698A (zh) * 2014-05-06 2014-07-23 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 一种hmx含量测定方法
WO2017097663A1 (fr) * 2015-12-09 2017-06-15 Interwell P&A As Allumeur, système et procédé d'allumage électrique de mélange exothermique

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US8450650B2 (en) * 2009-11-06 2013-05-28 Atheneum, Llc Igniter
CN104651569B (zh) * 2015-03-02 2016-10-12 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 一种铸铁的表面改性方法
RU168653U1 (ru) * 2016-10-20 2017-02-14 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики" (ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ") Электровоспламенительное устройство с защитой от разрядов статического электричества и электромагнитного излучения

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CN103940698A (zh) * 2014-05-06 2014-07-23 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 一种hmx含量测定方法
CN103940698B (zh) * 2014-05-06 2016-03-02 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 一种hmx含量测定方法
WO2017097663A1 (fr) * 2015-12-09 2017-06-15 Interwell P&A As Allumeur, système et procédé d'allumage électrique de mélange exothermique
US10883329B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2021-01-05 Interwell P&A As Ignitor, system and method of electrical ignition of exothermic mixture

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EG24036A (en) 2008-03-26
US20040231546A1 (en) 2004-11-25
CO5721031A2 (es) 2007-01-31
CA2526807A1 (fr) 2005-02-03
MXPA05012585A (es) 2006-02-24
EA200501856A1 (ru) 2006-06-30
AR049456A1 (es) 2006-08-09
AU2004260017A1 (en) 2005-02-03
WO2005010456A3 (fr) 2005-11-24
EA009339B1 (ru) 2007-12-28

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