WO2005005964A1 - Dispositif et procede pour la detection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede pour la detection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005005964A1
WO2005005964A1 PCT/DE2004/001538 DE2004001538W WO2005005964A1 WO 2005005964 A1 WO2005005964 A1 WO 2005005964A1 DE 2004001538 W DE2004001538 W DE 2004001538W WO 2005005964 A1 WO2005005964 A1 WO 2005005964A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
particle collection
collection chamber
particle
partial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/001538
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Steffen Neubert
Anton Renz
Gennadi Zikoridse
Uwe Hofmann
Ernstwendelin Bach
Original Assignee
Nova-Mmb Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nova-Mmb Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Nova-Mmb Messtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to EP04762393A priority Critical patent/EP1644719A1/fr
Publication of WO2005005964A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005005964A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
    • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
    • G01N15/0618—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support of the filter type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N2001/222—Other features
    • G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
    • G01N2001/2261—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney preventing condensation (heating lines)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for the detection of particles contained in internal combustion engine exhaust gases, in particular ash particles.
  • it can be used for detection on reciprocating piston machines and here preferably in combination with conventional test bench measurement technology and with an electronic control which is already present on internal combustion engines.
  • the measurement results are also falsified in that the volatile exhaust gas components, which are formed from fluids as a result of cooling, are also recorded, the respective critical temperature in normal operation of internal combustion engines only being reached when the exhaust gas gas has either already left the exhaust system or the exhaust system components critical for particles have already been flowed through.
  • this object is achieved with a device according to claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 15.
  • the device according to the invention is designed such that an exhaust gas sampling probe is arranged in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine for the direct removal of a partial exhaust gas stream.
  • the partial exhaust gas flow branched off from the exhaust system is led via a temperature-controlled feed line into a particle collection chamber.
  • the tempering takes place in such a way that at least one specific predetermined one
  • the minimum temperature of the exhaust gas led into the particle collection chamber is not fallen below.
  • This can be, for example, the dew point temperature, boiling or melting temperature of selected substances.
  • This supply line can be heated directly or a temperature increase can be achieved by heating elements arranged on the feed line, which can be designed as resistance heating elements.
  • the temperature control can also be carried out in such a way that a specified maximum temperature is not exceeded.
  • At least one temperature sensor should be arranged in the exhaust system, in the feed line and / or in the particle collection chamber.
  • the total exhaust gas mass flow can be determined at the respective times and accordingly at the respective operating states of the internal combustion engine with a corresponding measuring device provided on a test bench.
  • the two mass flows i.e. the total exhaust gas mass flow and the exhaust partial gas flow can be achieved by means of a controllable exhaust gas pump connected to the device.
  • the exhaust gas feed pump With the exhaust gas feed pump, the partial exhaust gas flow can be extracted through the particle collection chamber with a predetermined percentage in relation to the total exhaust gas mass flow.
  • an exhaust gas feed pump can also be controlled in such a way that a constant mass flow as partial exhaust gas flow or the extracted mass flow is set as a function of the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine.
  • a preferably porous particle collection element can be arranged in the particle collection chamber, on which the particles to be detected settle and can be separated from the partial exhaust gas flow. Such a particle collection element can be removed from the particle collection chamber after detection / separation and for subsequent analyzes, analogously to a
  • Sample carriers can be used.
  • a particle collection element should fill the entire free cross-sectional area of the sample collection chamber, so that the entire partial exhaust gas flow is led through the porous particle collection element.
  • the solid particles contained in the exhaust gas can settle on the surface of a particle collection element.
  • Such solid particles can be ash components, other inorganic and organic substances.
  • Carbon, in the form of soot, is an important part of this. However, since this carbon is relatively uncritical, particularly for particle filters in exhaust systems, and can be removed relatively easily by thermal regeneration, and for Talking analyzes can not be interesting and even disturbing, it is advantageous to be able to heat the particle collection element.
  • the carbon and organic compounds, such as hydrocarbons can then be oxidized or converted into the gas phase. The gaseous oxidation products or gases can then be withdrawn from the device.
  • the essentially interesting particles are not, or at least not significantly, influenced by such a thermal process.
  • the particle collection element can be formed from an electrically conductive material or contain such a material, so that a resistance heating element is formed in connection with suitable electrical connections and an electrically insulated attachment to the particle collection chamber.
  • Particle collection elements can be designed as a porous fiber structure and the materials for the fibers should have a sufficiently high thermal resistance. In addition, these materials should be chemically resistant or neutral to the substances that form the particles and / or substances contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the particle collection elements can be formed from pure metals, metal alloys but also from inter-metals (eg aluminides). High-temperature resistant steel alloys with chrome and nickel, chrome and aluminum, but also other nickel-based alloys can be used.
  • the porosity of the particle collection elements should be at least 75% up to 95% and the pore structure should reach a value of at least 30 ppi.
  • the surface of particle collection elements has a catalytic effect.
  • the oxidation temperature for carbon and organic compounds can be reduced.
  • the respective exhaust gas pressure should be measured at the inlet and outlet of the particle collection chamber in order to draw conclusions about the loading of the particle collection element with the determined pressure difference and to be able to recognize an increased back pressure.
  • Threshold value can either be exchanged the particle collection element or the mentioned thermal treatment leading to the removal of carbon or organic compounds can be triggered by heating the particle collection element.
  • the particle collection chamber should allow an easy exchange of particle collection elements.
  • fastener elements that can be released quickly and easily can be provided, with which an opening of the particle collection elements
  • Particle collection chamber or a loosening of the attachment of particle collection elements to the particle collection chamber can be achieved.
  • a partial exhaust gas stream is directly undiluted from the main exhaust gas stream passed through the sample collection chamber and separated particles contained therein in the exhaust gas partial flow.
  • the partial exhaust gas flow is tempered in such a way that it does not fall below at least a predetermined temperature, which should be above 120 ° C., preferably above 200 ° C. However, falling below the dew point should be avoided.
  • the separated particles are removed from the device. This can be done with the particle collection element.
  • An analysis of the separated particles is then carried out subsequently. This can be done with regard to their material composition and / or to quantify the amount of particles.
  • the separated particles can, for example, be subjected to a thermogravimetric, a coulometric and / or other analysis method.
  • At least 95% of the particles contained in the exhaust gas partial flow can be separated.
  • the handling is easy, so that no highly qualified specialist personnel are required for handling.
  • the application can be carried out without interrupting a measurement over a relatively long operating time.
  • the measurement accuracy can be further increased in relation to the total exhaust gas mass flow by maintaining a constant proportion of the partial exhaust gas mass flow, which is passed through the particle collection chamber and from which particles are separated.
  • ash particles can be detected and analyzed with the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows in schematic form the structure and arrangement of an example of a device according to the invention on an internal combustion engine
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a particle collection chamber with a heated particle collection element.
  • an exhaust gas sampling probe 3 is arranged in the line of an exhaust system 2 of an internal combustion engine 1, via which a partial exhaust gas stream can be drawn off from the main exhaust gas stream.
  • the respective exhaust system 2 can be an unchanged exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. act 1 on which elements not shown here, such as catalytic converter or particle filter and silencer are present.
  • the exhaust gas sampling probe 3 should, however, be arranged as close as possible to the exit of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine in order to keep its cooling as low as possible.
  • the exhaust gas sampling probe 3 should, however, be arranged upstream of a particle filter in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the free cross section of the exhaust gas sampling probe 3 should be designed, arranged and dimensioned in such a way that the conditions for the entry of exhaust gas which are as constant as possible can be maintained at the flow rates to be expected and, for example, at the exhaust gas sampling probe 3, the exhaust gas sampling probe 3 does not increase significantly at higher flow rates of the exhaust gas Throttling effect can be seen.
  • the partial exhaust gas flow is guided by the exhaust gas sampling probe 3 via the feed 4 through a particle collection chamber 6.
  • the feed 4 is not explicitly shown in such a way that temperature control is at least possible but heating of the partial exhaust gas flow and the exhaust gas led into the particle collection chamber 6 cannot fall below a minimum temperature of 200 ° C.
  • the particle collection chamber 6 there is a porous particle collection element 6a, not shown here, through which the entire partial exhaust gas flow can be conducted and with which particles contained in the partial exhaust gas flow can be separated with a proportion of at least 95%.
  • the exhaust gas emerging from the particle collection chamber 6 is fed to a device 8 for determining its respective mass flow via a line 7 and is drawn off from there by means of the exhaust gas pump 9 also connected to line 7.
  • a device 5 for determining the pressure difference at the inlet and outlet of the particle collection chamber 6 is provided on the particle collection chamber 6.
  • the devices 5 and 8 are connected to an electronic evaluation and control unit 10.
  • the exhaust gas feed pump 9 can be regulated taking into account the respectively determined mass flow of the partial exhaust gas flow in order to branch off a constant proportion of exhaust gas from the main exhaust gas flow and to lead it through the particle collection chamber 6 to the particle separation.
  • the electronic evaluation and control unit can also be connected to an electronic control 11 of the internal combustion engine or a further electronic evaluation and control of a test bench (not shown here) and / or to various sensor elements.
  • the determination of the respective mass flow of exhaust gas in the main flow should be taken into account , since a certain percentage of the respective partial exhaust gas mass flow can be maintained by regulating the exhaust gas feed pump 9 even with different operating states of the internal combustion engine 1, for example 1%.
  • the “loading” of a particle collection element 6a within the particle collection chamber 6 can be monitored. This means that a necessary exchange of the particle collection element 6a can be signaled or a “thermal regeneration” can be triggered.
  • the temperature is increased on the particle collecting element 6a, preferably by closing a circuit in which the particle collecting element 6a forms a resistance heating element, to the extent that at least carbon is burned in the form of soot and the permeability to exhaust gas of the particle collecting element 6a is increased.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration through a particle collection chamber 6, which is formed from two metal housing parts 6d and is preferably thermally insulated in a form not shown.
  • a self-supporting particle collecting element 6a is held between the metal housing parts 6d.
  • the particle collecting element 6a is a porous fiber structure. It has a porosity of 92%.
  • the particle collecting element 6a is held at the outer edges by means of electrical insulation 6c.
  • the electrical insulation 6c is formed from a thermally stable material, so that when electrical current flows through the electrical connections 6b and the particle collecting element 6a can be heated to a temperature above 400 ° C., preferably at 700 ° C., there is no damage is.
  • the particle collection element 6a on the surface of which pointing towards the feed line 4, particles have been separated from the partial exhaust gas flow, can then be removed from the particle collection chamber 6 fed to a laboratory analysis and replaced by an unloaded particle collecting element 6a.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de détection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier de particules de suie. Ce dispositif peut être utilisé en particulier pour la détection de particules contenues dans des gaz d'échappement provenant d'un moteur à piston alternatif, et, de préférence, en association avec la technique de mesure sur banc d'essai. L'objectif de l'invention est d'offrir des possibilités d'effectuer, de façon simple, comparable et reproductible, la détection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne. A cet effet, le dispositif selon l'invention est conçu de sorte qu'une sonde de prélèvement de gaz d'échappement, servant au prélèvement d'un courant partiel de gaz d'échappement, est disposée directement dans l'installation d'évacuation des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne. Les gaz d'échappement sont amenés, par cette sonde de prélèvement de gaz d'échappement et par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite maintenue à une certaine température, dans une chambre de collecte de particules, cela avec maintien d'une température minimale préallouable. L'invention concerne également un dispositif servant à la détermination du débit massique du courant partiel de gaz d'échappement guidé à travers la chambre de collecte de particules.
PCT/DE2004/001538 2003-07-08 2004-07-08 Dispositif et procede pour la detection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne WO2005005964A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04762393A EP1644719A1 (fr) 2003-07-08 2004-07-08 Dispositif et procede pour la detection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003131643 DE10331643B4 (de) 2003-07-08 2003-07-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Detektion von in Verbrennungskraftmaschinenabgasen enthaltenen Partikeln
DE10331643.4 2003-07-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005005964A1 true WO2005005964A1 (fr) 2005-01-20

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PCT/DE2004/001538 WO2005005964A1 (fr) 2003-07-08 2004-07-08 Dispositif et procede pour la detection de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1644719A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10331643B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005005964A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7497138B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2009-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for improving performance of a fluid sensor for an internal combustion engine
EP2302355A1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-30 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Capteur de matière particulaire et appareil de purification de gaz d'échappement
EP2559989A1 (fr) * 2010-04-15 2013-02-20 Isuzu Motors Limited Structure d'alignement pour détecteur d'échappement
CN106560689A (zh) * 2016-09-29 2017-04-12 中国计量大学 一种外循环式车载空气净化器颗粒物质量浓度净化效率测试系统及方法
US10638750B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2020-05-05 Eden Research Plc Compositions containing a hollow glucan particle or a cell wall particle encapsulating a terpene component, methods of making and using them
US10729130B2 (en) 2004-01-23 2020-08-04 Eden Research Plc Nematicidal compositions and methods of using them
FR3105297A1 (fr) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-25 Institut National De Recherche Et De Sécurité (Inrs) Dispositif et procédé de mesure pour l’évaluation de l’intégrité d’un filtre à particules
CN115389210A (zh) * 2022-10-27 2022-11-25 四川新川航空仪器有限责任公司 一种用于油气分离性能评估试验的油气模拟机构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FIU20100093U0 (fi) * 2010-02-25 2010-02-25 Pegasor Oy Hiukkasten mittauslaite

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2214449A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Perkins Engines Group Exhaust gas particulate measurement
DE4017473A1 (de) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Siemens Ag Abgaspartikel-messeinrichtung
EP0532216A1 (fr) * 1991-09-09 1993-03-17 Ford Motor Company Limited Prélèvement direct des gaz d'échappement pour les mesures instanées
EP0750192A2 (fr) * 1995-06-24 1996-12-27 Sun Electric Uk Ltd. Systèmes avec plusieurs détecteurs de gaz pour la mesure des émissions d'automobiles
DE19617160C1 (de) * 1996-04-29 1997-07-03 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgaspartikel-Messung
US6242263B1 (en) * 1996-12-20 2001-06-05 Corning Incorporated Automotive hydrocarbon sensor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19619621A1 (de) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Abb Patent Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration in Abgasen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2214449A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-09-06 Perkins Engines Group Exhaust gas particulate measurement
DE4017473A1 (de) * 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Siemens Ag Abgaspartikel-messeinrichtung
EP0532216A1 (fr) * 1991-09-09 1993-03-17 Ford Motor Company Limited Prélèvement direct des gaz d'échappement pour les mesures instanées
EP0750192A2 (fr) * 1995-06-24 1996-12-27 Sun Electric Uk Ltd. Systèmes avec plusieurs détecteurs de gaz pour la mesure des émissions d'automobiles
DE19617160C1 (de) * 1996-04-29 1997-07-03 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgaspartikel-Messung
US6242263B1 (en) * 1996-12-20 2001-06-05 Corning Incorporated Automotive hydrocarbon sensor

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10729130B2 (en) 2004-01-23 2020-08-04 Eden Research Plc Nematicidal compositions and methods of using them
US10638750B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2020-05-05 Eden Research Plc Compositions containing a hollow glucan particle or a cell wall particle encapsulating a terpene component, methods of making and using them
US7497138B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2009-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for improving performance of a fluid sensor for an internal combustion engine
EP2302355A1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-30 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Capteur de matière particulaire et appareil de purification de gaz d'échappement
EP2559989A1 (fr) * 2010-04-15 2013-02-20 Isuzu Motors Limited Structure d'alignement pour détecteur d'échappement
EP2559989A4 (fr) * 2010-04-15 2014-08-06 Isuzu Motors Ltd Structure d'alignement pour détecteur d'échappement
US8919187B2 (en) 2010-04-15 2014-12-30 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust sensor arrangement structure
CN106560689A (zh) * 2016-09-29 2017-04-12 中国计量大学 一种外循环式车载空气净化器颗粒物质量浓度净化效率测试系统及方法
FR3105297A1 (fr) * 2019-12-19 2021-06-25 Institut National De Recherche Et De Sécurité (Inrs) Dispositif et procédé de mesure pour l’évaluation de l’intégrité d’un filtre à particules
CN115389210A (zh) * 2022-10-27 2022-11-25 四川新川航空仪器有限责任公司 一种用于油气分离性能评估试验的油气模拟机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10331643A1 (de) 2005-02-17
DE10331643B4 (de) 2005-08-04
EP1644719A1 (fr) 2006-04-12

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