WO2004113830A1 - 光ファイバセンサを用いたひずみとaeの計測装置 - Google Patents
光ファイバセンサを用いたひずみとaeの計測装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004113830A1 WO2004113830A1 PCT/JP2004/008315 JP2004008315W WO2004113830A1 WO 2004113830 A1 WO2004113830 A1 WO 2004113830A1 JP 2004008315 W JP2004008315 W JP 2004008315W WO 2004113830 A1 WO2004113830 A1 WO 2004113830A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- strain
- filter
- change
- reflected light
- fbg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
Definitions
- the present invention uses a fiber Bragg grating (hereinafter referred to as "FBG") sensor to detect a distortion change and to emit an elastic wave (acoustic emission) accompanying the occurrence of microscopic damage to a material structure.
- FBG fiber Bragg grating
- AE elastic wave
- the present invention can be applied to a case where a sound wave is generated using a piezoelectric element to evaluate the soundness of a structure, and furthermore, a case where a high-speed strain change due to an impact load is detected. .
- the present invention can be applied to the case where a single FBG sensor simultaneously measures strain for checking the load of a material or a structure and a damage state and AE caused by microscopic destruction.
- the present invention is expected to be used for soundness evaluation of automobiles, aircraft, bridges, buildings, and the like.
- AE has been detected by using a piezoelectric element
- shock load has been detected by using a strain gauge.
- Non-Patent Document a technique has been proposed in the United States in which a reflected wave from an FBG sensor is passed through an FBG having a Bragg wavelength substantially equal to the Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensor, and AE is detected from the transmitted light.
- the distortion is measured by measuring the wavelength of the reflected wave from the FBG sensor using an optical spectrum analyzer.
- Non-Patent Document 1 1. Perez, H.-Shii Cui and E. Udd, 2001 SPIE, Vol. 4328, p.209-215 Disclosure of the Invention
- FBG sensors do not suffer from electromagnetic interference because they convert measurement parameters into optical signals.
- the detected waveform cannot always reproduce the original AE waveform, and the waveform may appear distorted.
- the technique of measuring the Bragg wavelength change of an FBG sensor using an optical spectrum analyzer is based on the fact that the sampling rate of the optical spectrum analyzer is usually about one sampling per second, so that a high-speed strain change or AE It is not possible to follow up and detect minute distortion changes with frequency characteristics of several hundred kHz. For this reason, there is a problem that a high-speed strain change cannot be detected in a following manner.
- An object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem, and an object of the present invention is to realize an optical fiber strain sensor having the following features.
- the FBG sensor can detect a wide range of strain changes from AE, which is a small strain change, to an impact load that causes a large strain change.
- the FBG sensor converts measurement parameters into optical signals and is not affected by electromagnetic interference.
- the present invention provides an FBG sensor made of an optical fiber in which an FBG is written and attached to a subject, a broadband light source for making broadband wavelength light incident on the FBG sensor, and the FBG sensor.
- An optical fiber sensor comprising a coupler that branches reflected light transmitted from the sensor, a strain measurement filter that reflects or transmits the reflected light branched by the coupler, and an AE detection filter, respectively.
- the strain and AE measuring device, the strain measurement filter and the AE detection filter have different transmittances corresponding to the two types of wavelengths, respectively.
- the intensity of the transmitted or reflected light of the AE detection filter changes due to the change in the Bragg wavelength, which is converted to an electrical signal by a photoelectric converter to simultaneously change the distortion and AE.
- An optical fiber strain and AE measuring device characterized by detecting at the same time is provided. [0013] Based on the information on the change in distortion obtained by converting the signal into an electric signal by the photoelectric converter, a wavelength band in which the transmittance of the AE detection filter for AE detection changes is controlled. It is possible to measure the transmitted light intensity, the reflected light intensity, or the difference AE between the transmitted light intensity and the reflected light intensity of the AE detection filter.
- both strain and AE can be measured simultaneously with a single sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of FBG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between Bragg wavelength and distortion.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a view for explaining Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a narrow band having a center wavelength (herein referred to as "the Ragg wavelength") is given as ⁇ ⁇ given by twice the product of the refractive index n and the interval ⁇ of the refractive index change. Is reflected, and the other light components pass through the FBG sensor.
- the optical circulator sends the reflected light from the FBG sensor connected to terminal (2) to terminal (3) as shown in the figure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the Bragg wavelength and the strain received by the FBG sensor.
- the FBG sensor receives a strain
- the refractive index changes the interval and the refractive index.
- the change ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the Bragg wavelength ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is given by the following equation 1 under a constant temperature condition.
- ⁇ is an optical fiber axial strain applied to the FBG. Therefore, the Bragg wavelength shifts to the long wavelength side when the FBG sensor is subjected to tensile strain, and shifts to the short wavelength side when subjected to compressive strain. For example, when subjected to a strain change of FBG sensor force X 10-6 with a Bragg wavelength of 1550 nm, the Bragg wavelength changes (shifts) by 1.2 pm. In short, the center wavelength of the reflected wave from the FBG sensor fluctuates in proportion to the change in strain applied to the FBG.
- reflected light from the FBG sensor is passed through a filter having different transmittance according to the wavelength, and the change in the Bragg wavelength is converted into a change in light intensity.
- the reflected light from the FBG sensor is transmitted and branched to two fibers by a 1 X 2 coupler via an optical circulator, and a strain measurement filter having different transmittances for two wavelengths and an AE detection filter, respectively. Filter.
- the transmitted light and the reflected light of both filters change in intensity due to the change in Bragg wavelength. By detecting these with a photoelectric converter, strain change and AE can be detected simultaneously.
- the strain measurement filter has a characteristic that the transmittance changes over a wide wavelength range as compared with the AE detection filter.
- An FBG sensor with a Bragg wavelength of 1550 nm without distortion produces a wavelength shift of 1.2 pm per 1 x 10-6 strain, so if it is assumed that the object under test will be subjected to a maximum of ⁇ 1% strain.
- the distortion results in a Bragg wavelength change of ⁇ 12 nm. Therefore, the change in strain can be measured by a filter whose transmittance varies in the wavelength range of 1538 to 1562 nm.
- a configuration for detecting AE from this measurement system using FBG as an AE detection filter has already been proposed by the present inventors in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-340197. In order to detect AE, it is necessary that the power of the reflection wavelength band from the FBG sensor be within the transmittance change wavelength band of the SAE detection filter.
- the change in the transmittance of the AE detection filter is limited to a very narrow wavelength range of about 0.4 band or less, if a large change in distortion occurs, the change in the light reflected from the sensor is blocked.
- the wavelength may fluctuate significantly and deviate from the wavelength range of the transmittance change of the AE detection filter.
- the AE detection filter is a tunable filter whose transmittance change wavelength band changes according to the strain applied to the test object.
- the transmitted light and the reflected light of the strain measurement filter are converted into electric signals by a photoelectric converter, and the strain is measured. Based on this distortion information, the operating wavelength range (wavelength band where the transmittance changes) of the tunable filter for AE detection is controlled.
- the AE can be measured from the transmitted light or reflected light intensity of the tunable filter, or the difference between the transmitted light intensity and the reflected light intensity.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a strain and AE measuring device using the optical fiber sensor according to the present invention.
- light from a broadband light source is incident on an FBG sensor via an optical circulator.
- the FBG sensor is fixed to an object to be measured.
- the reflected light from the FBG sensor is passed through an IX2 coupler via an optical circulator.
- the I X 2 coupler splits the reflected light from the FBG sensor into two optical fibers.
- One optical fiber is connected to a filter for strain measurement, and the other is connected to a tunable filter for AE detection.
- Transmitted light and reflected light of each filter are connected to a photoelectric converter, and each light intensity is converted into an electric signal.
- the reflected light of the filter can be extracted by attaching an optical circulator in front of the filter.
- Transmitted light intensity of strain measurement filter The strain can be measured from the degree and the reflected light intensity.
- the photoelectric converter Sst is connected to a tunable filter control unit.
- the tunable filter control unit evaluates the Bragg wavelength that has moved due to the distortion change, and sends a signal for controlling the tunable filter's operating wavelength range (the wavelength range in which the transmittance changes) to the tunable filter.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the principle of strain measurement using a strain measurement filter.
- the FBG sensor receives a strain
- the Bragg wavelength changes.
- the transmitted light and reflected light intensity obtained by passing the reflected light from the FBG sensor through a filter whose transmittance changes with wavelength vary with the position of the Bragg wavelength.
- the transmitted light intensity of the filter decreases.
- the Bragg wavelength change can be evaluated as the electric signal intensity.
- the intensity of the light received by the photoelectric converter changes each time the optical fiber connector is connected. This is caused by misalignment of the connector connection. For this reason, it is not possible to quantitatively evaluate distortion using transmitted light or reflected light intensity alone.
- the distortion can be quantitatively evaluated from the value obtained by dividing the difference between the transmitted light intensity and the reflected light intensity by the sum of the two intensities.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the principle of AE detection by the FBG sensor. Since the change in strain due to AE is very small, a filter with a narrow wavelength range where the transmittance is changing compared to strain measurement is required to detect AE with the FBG sensor. The Bragg wavelength of the light reflected from the FBG sensor is affected by AE, albeit minutely.
- this Bragg wavelength change By passing this Bragg wavelength change through a filter having a narrow band transmittance change, Convert to change.
- a filter having a narrow band transmittance change For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when there is no AE, the reflected light of the Bragg wavelength s returns from the FBG sensor, and the center wavelength of the transmittance change of the AE detection filter is F. FBG sensor force The Bragg wavelength changes due to the strain change due to SAE. The Bragg wavelength changes in compression and tensile strain respectively; I s ′ and s ′ ′.
- the transmitted light intensity of the filter changes in proportion to the area indicated by oblique lines due to a change in distortion due to AE. Therefore, the output of the photoelectric converter that converts the transmitted light intensity of the filter into an electric signal by the change in distortion due to AE is as shown in the lower diagram of Fig.
- a filter for detecting AE there is a dielectric multilayer filter and an FBG force.
- a low-pass, no-pass, or bypass filter using a band-pass filter as the AE detection filter may be used.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the movement of the tunable filter operating wavelength band with a change in distortion.
- the filter for detecting AE has a wavelength range in which the transmittance changes about 0.4 nm.
- the tunable filter can change the operating wavelength range by an external control signal.
- the operating wavelength range of the AE measurement filter is controlled according to the strain received by the FBG sensor.
- the operating wavelength range of the tunable filter is controlled by using the strain information evaluated from the value obtained by dividing the difference between the transmitted light intensity and the reflected light intensity of the strain measurement filter by the sum of the two intensities.
- FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, in which simultaneous multi-point strain by a plurality of FBG sensors, an AE meter It is a configuration that enables measurement.
- This shows a device that measures strain and AE at multiple points simultaneously by arranging FBG sensors with different Bragg wavelengths in series.
- the reflected light from the FBG sensor array is separated into signals from each FBG sensor by the optical demultiplexer and output.
- the optical circulator in front of the filter and the extraction of reflected light from the filter are not shown for simplification of the drawing.
- FIG. 8 shows Embodiment 3 of the present invention, and shows a configuration in which a plurality of FBG sensors can measure strain and AE at a specific location.
- This shows a device that arranges FBG sensors with different Bragg wavelengths in series and measures the strain and AE at the location where a specific FBG sensor is attached.
- the reflected light from the FBG sensor array from the optical circulator is passed through a tunable filter to extract only the desired reflected light component from the FBG sensor.
- the operating wavelength band of the strain measurement filter is changed in conjunction with it. Note that in FIG. 8, the optical circulator in front of the filter and the extraction of reflected light from the filter are omitted for simplification of the drawing.
- the strain and AE measuring device using the optical fiber sensor according to the present invention can measure both strain and AE simultaneously using a single sensor using the FBG sensor.
- the present invention can be applied to generation of elastic waves using a piezoelectric element to evaluate the soundness of a structure, and to detection of a high-speed strain change due to an impact load.
- the present invention can be applied to simultaneous measurement of strain and AE due to the occurrence of microscopic destruction for examining the load of materials and structures and the damage state with one FBG sensor.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is expected to be used for soundness evaluation of automobiles, aircraft, bridges, buildings, and the like.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-172321 | 2003-06-17 | ||
| JP2003172321A JP3944578B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2003-06-17 | 光ファイバセンサを用いたひずみとaeの計測装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004113830A1 true WO2004113830A1 (ja) | 2004-12-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/008315 Ceased WO2004113830A1 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-14 | 光ファイバセンサを用いたひずみとaeの計測装置 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3944578B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004113830A1 (ja) |
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| CN102419348A (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的声发射信号功率型无损检测方法 |
| CN102680581A (zh) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-09-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种自带温度补偿的匹配型光纤光栅声发射传感方法 |
| CN102830176A (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | 基于非本征型光纤声发射的局部损伤监测系统及其方法 |
| ITRM20110401A1 (it) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-01-28 | Ace S R L | Dispositivo e metodo per la misurazione ottica dell'aderenza di uno pneumatico e pneumatico idoneo per detta misurazione |
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| CN102419348A (zh) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的声发射信号功率型无损检测方法 |
| CN103048389A (zh) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 双探头补偿式光纤声发射传感器 |
| CN102680581A (zh) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-09-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种自带温度补偿的匹配型光纤光栅声发射传感方法 |
| CN102680581B (zh) * | 2012-06-07 | 2014-08-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种自带温度补偿的匹配型光纤光栅声发射传感方法 |
| CN104360254A (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-02-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | 用于电网电气设备局部放电检测的光纤布喇格光栅超声波检测系统和检测方法 |
| CN105371815A (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-02 | 衡阳市规划设计院 | 一种便携式岩石侧向变形测量装置 |
| CN108508097A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | 香港理工大学 | 一种基于光纤超声导波技术的铁轨裂纹监测系统 |
| CN108508097B (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2021-03-02 | 香港理工大学 | 一种基于光纤超声导波技术的铁轨裂纹监测系统 |
| US10663325B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-05-26 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Fiber Bragg grating interrogation and sensing system and methods comprising a first photodetector for measuring filtered light and a second photodetector for measuring unfiltered light |
| CN113447566A (zh) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-28 | 株式会社斯巴鲁 | 结构健全性诊断系统、诊断方法以及航空器结构体 |
| CN119243571A (zh) * | 2024-12-05 | 2025-01-03 | 华东交通大学 | 一种基于声发射和光栅传感器的智能支座及监测方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP3944578B2 (ja) | 2007-07-11 |
| JP2005009937A (ja) | 2005-01-13 |
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