WO2004103722A1

WO2004103722A1 - Method of producing an integral plastic structure and structure thus obtained

Info

Publication number: WO2004103722A1
Application number: PCT/ES2004/000196
Authority: WO
Inventors: Francisco COBIÁN GARCÍA
Original assignee: I.D. Tec, S.L.
Priority date: 2003-05-26
Filing date: 2004-05-04
Publication date: 2004-12-02

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing an integral plastic structure and to the structure thus obtained. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of a holographic structure comprising a deposit of a holographic product (7) which forms a holographic layer (2h). The invention is characterised in that the holographic product deposited is selected from SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, Ag and a combination of same, and is limited to specific zones and lines that are applied on a support sheet (1a) or on a surface (2'a2) of a layer (2a2) belonging to a container, the surface of a packaging container, a label, a bank note, a document, an identity card, a credit card, or passports and visas. Moreover, the holographic deposit is encapsulated with the application of different alternating layers in order to obtain high-security protection.

Description

PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE AND OBTAINED STRUCTURE

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates both to a method of obtaining an integral plastic structure and to the structure obtained, which comprises a holographic structure that includes a holographic product deposit of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, metallic aluminum

(Al), silver (Ag) or bismuth (Bi), limited to specific areas and lines of the holographic laminate substrate together with three different alternative methods of deposit by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, as well as different specific basic structures of holographic laminate very high security where the deposit of the holographic product is made by zones or alone and is only carried out in the areas and lines of the substrate that correspond to the figures, logos, shields with holographic product.

The invention is applicable in obtaining documents, identity and credit cards, passport visas, banknotes and paper documents. It is also the object of the present invention to apply the three holographic deposit procedures limited to specific and specific areas and lines of the substrate, to obtain holographic sheets for packaging, for packaging and for holographic labels for the protection of high security containers.

The present invention also relates to the structure of combined holographic laminate of deposit of holographic product both transparent HRI (high reflective index) and deposit of metal holographic product on the same substrate, performed by sequential application of the deposit procedures object of the present invention as the conventional PVD method of depositing holographic product. It is also the object of the present invention the structure resulting from the application of the transparent and metallic HRI combined holographic laminate in the structure of documents and identity cards integrally of polycarbonate layers.

The present invention also relates to the structure of superfine holographic laminate resulting from the deposition of holographic product by PVD (physical vapor deposition) procedure on a recordable plastic (shims and plastic bossable) preferably by recordable lacquer that polymerizes by the action of the UV light or by the action of electronic radiation. This holographic reservoir is preferably encapsulated with lacquer or with a thermo-adhesive. The heat-oriented polyester carrier sheet is separated from this structure. Said holographic laminate is applicable to both banknotes, passports, visas and in documents or plastic cards.

The present invention also relates to the encapsulation of the lines and zones of this holographic deposit specifically limited to those areas of the substrate, by adding different layer structures depending on the type of document customization. These specific structures of laminate or holographic cover are both HRI (high reflective index) type transparent and with high security metallic Holographic layer for protection of documents and identity and credit cards in general and in particular for effective protection against manipulations fraudulent identity documents whose structures are also subject to the patent. Said holographic covers or holographic laminates of both types apply specifically to integrally plastic documents as well as paper-backed documents such as passport books and visas. These laminates Holographic so structured specifically are integrated in turn in the different types of documents consisting entirely of plastic materials that heat and heat weld together forming a card that is damaged and irreversibly broken in fraudulent attempts to delaminate and separate their layers.

The high security conferred by the different holographic laminate modalities of the present invention is fundamentally based on the encapsulation of the holographic deposit layer, as well as the specific security protection and improvement measures that are additionally applied to holographic laminates produced by the conventional procedure and which are part of the present invention. The invention also relates to the specific configuration and adaptation of the plastic layers of both the holographic laminate itself and the core of the document and subsequent protective cover so that the different modalities of personalization can be carried out, that is to say color printing by the thermosublimation system , by injection of colored ink, by laser printing with color toner and by engraving with destructive laser beam (burning) respectively of the source of the infrared spectrum, or green or blue, of both the facial image and personal data and signature and fingerprint of the document holder. The document structures provided for in the present invention patent provide for the combined customization of several of these customization modalities in different layers or layers, to confer high security on the document.

The invention also relates to the solidary adaptation to the plastic structure of the identity card card, of the 2 types of holographic protection, either HRI (high reflection index) type or holographic deposit Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or Bi (bismuth), with demetalization after its deposit, so that these holographic protection structures object of the invention are integrated and encapsulated in solidarity within the plastic structure of identity cards and documents in their possible variants, applying a generic adhesive for plastics or selectively a two-component polyurethane based adhesive to directly adhere the holographic layer of the holographic laminate to the card structure and encapsulating said holographic layer so that it is thermolaminated with the rest of the identity card structure constituting a non-delalable body when applying heat and common reagents and solvents. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

So far in the identification market there are the following types of holographic laminates: - Holographic aluminum metallic laminates and polymeric holographic laminates with vacuum vaporization of metallic deposit, generally aluminum. Both laminates are opaque and therefore cannot effectively protect an identity document by transparency once the constituent layers of said document have been heat-laminated. Therefore they are applied as a security element with a deterrent character. These two types of holographic laminates have the disadvantage that they can be cut from the original document and reused in fraudulently reproduced documents of the respective original documents, with change of personal data and fundamentally with replacement of the original printed facial image with another identity that generally with Both types of holographic laminates are only protected in a testimonial way. Such opaque metallic laminates are applied in identity documents and driving license cards of both PVC like polycarbonate.

Transparent holographic laminates type HRI (high reflective index) based on SZn or Ti0 ₂ deposit that are transparent and therefore could protect both the facial image printed or recorded with laser beam and the personal data of a thermo-laminated identity document. Until now it has not been possible to apply this type of transparent HRI laminate in a practical and effective way for various reasons inherent in the technological structure of the HRI laminate for effective protection of identity documents against fraudulent reproduction and manipulation and falsification of them. There are therefore already accumulated unsatisfactory experiences in identity documents with HRI holographic laminate. On the one hand, it is not possible to apply this type of holographic laminate in integral polycarbonate (PC) documents due to the great hardness of the PC with the serious disadvantage that to heat-laminating and heat-sealing the different layers of the document it is necessary to apply temperatures above 195 ° C of PC surface fusion, so it is not possible to use transparent HRI holograms to protect PC documents since at that temperature the HRI holographic layer is irreversibly damaged. On the other hand, so far the HRI holographic laminates have structural deficiencies that cause the layer of the polyester carrier (carrier) to be delaminated and separated by the prolonged action of the water (after 24 hours the delamination or separation occurs) which is a serious inconvenience for high security identity documents. Likewise, the HRI thermo-laminated holographic laminate in a document or identity card is delaminated and separated without any apparent damage with the action of solvents and chemical reagents as common as acetone, ammonia hydrocarbons etc ... which represents a serious inconvenience for the security of the identity document since said laminate HRI HRI can therefore be fraudulently reused in another document reproduced from the original with facial image replaced by another identity.

It is necessary to add that the opaque metallic holographic laminates also suffer, although to a lesser extent, the aforementioned delamination problems.

Summarizing these arguments, it is found that all holographic laminates on the market have the very serious disadvantage that the holographic layer covering the entire surface is several microns thick and constitutes the weak point for fraudulent delamination of thermo-laminated documents.

The present invention thus relates to specific basic structures of holographic laminates of both transparent HRI type and aluminum metallized type, in which the deposition of the holographic product is carried out in very defined and concrete areas of the substrate that thus allows encapsulation between layers of said figures, logos and holographic shields, so that the respective thermo-laminated documents and identity cards are not delaminated by the continued action of water or by the action of common chemical solvents and reagents, and are always irreversibly damaged in the delamination attempts.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention, as defined in the Claims, basically consists of a method comprising obtaining a holographic structure, both of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) and metallic holographic laminate that includes a deposit of a holographic product that forms a holographic layer; the holographic product deposit is made selectively by SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), or silver (Ag); and said Deposit is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on a surface of the same substrate consisting of a layer selected from durable plastic (durable plastic), polycarbonate (PC) or oriented polyester; or on a surface of a layer, selected from acrylic or lacquer derivative that polymerizes and hardens by the selective action of ultraviolet (UV) light or by the action of electronic radiation.

Three differentiated alternative procedures for depositing the holographic product by vacuum vaporization are foreseen, as well as specific structures of very high security holographic laminate where the holographic product deposit only and only takes place in the areas and lines of the substrate that correspond to the figures, logos, shields with holographic product. For this purpose, the invention provides for 2 basic specific structures of holographic covers or laminates of both the transparent HRI type and the metallic type, in which by means of two of the alternative methods of deposition by vacuum vaporization, object of the present invention, is carried out zonally the holographic deposit of the figures and logos on the substrate limited to the constituent lines of the engraving (embossing) of said figures and logos. Likewise, the object of the present invention is the encapsulation of said lines and holographic zones of the figures and logos by the addition of different alternative layers for the high security protection of the different types of documents and identity cards. Therefore, the three alternative methods of depositing the holographic layer applied to three differentiated processes are the object of the present invention: the first one, the conventional PVD process

(physical vapor deposition) of holographic tank in continuous process on coil in vaporization chamber in vacuum covering the entire surface of the support supported by the polyester sheet with the holographic tank, duly modified, as described below according to the method of the invention, so that only partially support said support in the lines and areas of the figures and holographic logos and thus increase the safety of the resulting holographic laminate by encapsulating said holographic deposit. The second PVD process also object of the invention is a specific PVD process in continuous and in holographic deposit coil by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, in concrete and localized areas of the holographic element deposited using an endless belt in which they have been Performed the perforations corresponding to the figures and logos for the passage of the holographic deposit through them. The third vacuum vaporization deposition procedure is performed on substrate sheets. The invention provides a method of depositing holographic product by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure that is performed on the substrate cut into individualized sheets of the holographic laminate instead of making said deposit on coil. For this purpose, this holographic laminate is constituted by a polyester or PC sheet on which the acrylic or preferably lacquer derivative layer is deposited, which polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation or by The action of the air. This set is cut into sheets, each of which is previously hot embossed with the metal engraving tool (shims) designed to produce the respective recesses that constitute the holographic figures and logos. Then, on the mentioned surface, it is printed with silicone derivative and selectively with oil or vegetable wax compound and preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin around the lines and areas where the slits, respectively, of the holographic figures and logos have already been hot embossed. The sheets are then introduced into a stacker-feeder, which by means of roller sets transports each sheet individually through the slot gate and supported by lateral guides, to a vacuum PVD vaporization chamber or atmospheric pressure of the product holographic that is selectively vaporized by heating, by magnetron (sputtering), by ionic ray, by electron beam, or by arc; the passage of each sheet through the chamber (vaporization produces the holographic deposit on the surface covering only areas free of silicone derivative printing; since this prevents the holographic product from being deposited. The sheets already provided with holographic deposit below they are transported by the respective drive wheels of the lateral guides and by the rollers to the output stacker, so that the rollers are driven synchronously by a stepper motor that is controlled by a processor by means of the passing and positioning signals of each sheet as it passes through optoelectronic sensors, the sheets are then cleaned in a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma 0 ₂ where the silicone derivative is released, and where appropriate the generic synthetic oil from the respective printed areas.

A specific embodiment of the present invention is that corresponding to a structure comprising a combined holographic structure, with a holographic product deposit transparent HRI type (high reflective index) on specific areas of the recordable substrate (plastic embossable shims) and holographic product deposit metallized on other specific areas of the same recordable substrate; This combined holographic structure consists of an oriented polyester or durable plastic support sheet (durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, prior discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, comprises a deposit or impression of silicone wax or vegetable wax preferably of carnauba wax / paraffin that forms a layer, on which a print or deposit is included, prior to corona discharge or pre-treatment of plasma O2, of recordable plastic, preferably of recordable lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, or from the air, thus forming the layer; then the mentioned surface comprises an embossing made by means of a pressure tool

(shims) of the respective grooves corresponding to the lines and zones of the design of the holographic figures and then includes, prior discharge of corona effect or previous treatment of plasma O2, a deposit made only with HRI transparent holographic product, applied by a PVD procedure (physical vapor deposition) of tank by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure; the HRI transparent holographic product being constituted by at least one of the products SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx; then after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, it comprises a deposit of metal holographic product selectively applied by a PVD process

(physical vapor deposition) of tank by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure; the metal holographic product being selectively constituted by at least one of the Al, Bi, or Ag product; being thus constituted on the surface of the substrate, the holographic layer of combined holographic deposit, formed by the corresponding holographic zone transparent HRI and metallic deposits constituting a common holographic surface; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior treatment of plasma O2, it comprises a layer Zone of encapsulation preferably of lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light that corresponds to the areas of the holographic surface of the combined holographic deposit layer on which only the selective deposit of HRI transparent holographic product has been made; then it includes a gradual demetalization of the deposit of metallic holographic product; and then it comprises the encapsulation zone, preferably with lacquer, of the part of the surface corresponding to the metallic holographic product deposit, thus forming the layer on which another layer is adhered or deposited which according to the type of application of the Combined holographic laminate is selectively formed by: PE polyolefin derivative deposit, polypropylene, ethylene-acrylic acid with addition of polyurethane derivative, thermoadhesive for paper money or for passport or visas, polyvinyl derivative with addition of PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride) for Customization with D2T2 thermo-sublimation printing, or a polyurethane-based thermo-adhesive layer that in turn adheres a modified PET-G derivative layer (polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol; the holographic metal product deposit of the combined holographic laminate is customized by engraving with laser beam (holographic embossing) with the replica ica of the facial image of the holder of the identity document or passport in which the combined holographic laminate has been thermolaminated.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention consists of an integrally polycarbonate identity document structure comprising a structure consisting of a polycarbonate sheet that overlaps both sides of a core of an integrally polycarbonate document, on which previously a hologram has been adhered or thermolaminated Combined zone of transparent HRI holographic zone and metallic holographic zone whose metallic zone is customized by destructive laser engraving, is characterized in that the thermo-laminated assembly comprises transparent polycarbonate sheets, on both sides of the core constituted by polycarbonate sheets, on a specific part whose surface is attached to the structure of the combined hologram containing the zonal metal hologram that is customized by means of destructive laser engraving (burning) before or after the thermo-lamination of the core with the transparent polycarbonate sheet covers; including in the laser engraving of personalization a recording of personal data and the replica of the facial image of the holder of the identity document; the combined zonal hologram being a transparent metallic zonal hRI produced by a PVD method of vaporization of a respective holographic product of transparent holographic product and a metallic holographic product (Al, Bi, Ag) and whose structure, then being adhered or selectively thermolaminated with the sheet or with the core, it is composed of the layer of recordable plastic product (plastic embossable shims) or acrylic derivative, preferably of recordable lacquer on which the layer of zonal metal holographic product and transparent holographic product is deposited, on which its At the same time, the encapsulation layer that is formed by acrylic derivative is deposited or adhered, preferably formed by lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, which in turn contains a layer of selectively based thermoadhesive polyurethane or polyolefin polymer base; so that depending on the size chosen for the zonal metal hologram and its location on the surface with respect to the positioning, figures, logos and facial image of personalization data on the surface that constitutes the front face of the document, the encapsulation layer is replaced by the thermo adhesive layer itself.

The present invention includes a specific embodiment of holographic structure applied to banknotes, passports, visas and documents comprising a holographic structure comprising a holographic structure, selectively of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) or of metallic holographic laminate; said holographic structure is constituted by an oriented polyester support sheet or durable plastic (durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, after corona discharge or plasma pretreatment 02, they are printed with silicone wax or with vegetable wax preferably with carnauba wax / paraffin only one layer that constitutes lines and zones that coincide with the lines and zones corresponding to the holographic figures, shields and logos; on whose layer or lines and areas thus printed are printed in turn with recordable plastic, preferably with recordable lacquer that hardens by the action of light (UV) or by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air, prior to discharge of corona effect or pre-treatment of O2 plasma, covering the lines and areas with a hardened etchable lacquer; an embossing is then carried out by means of grooves coinciding with the aforementioned lines and areas of the surface of the layer and then, after discharge of corona effect or prior treatment of O2 plasma, the holographic product is deposited with the PVD procedures (differentiated physical vapor deposition) differentiated deposit by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, depositing said holographic product only on the mentioned lines and areas of the surface thus constituting holographic figures and logos; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, Prints with thermo-adhesive, selectively constituted by ethylene-acrylic acid with the addition of mono- or bi-component polyurethane derivative or by thermo-adhesive for paper, covering only the aforementioned holographic deposit lines and areas; the coil or sheets of the oriented polyester or PC support sheet being provided to comprise registration marks, previously printed, to allow accuracy in the successive prints covering the lines and areas of the grooves etched on the layer; The holographic laminate thus obtained, prior to corona discharge or prior plasma treatment 02, is superimposed and thermo-laminated, either in continuous coil or in sheets, to melt the silicone wax or preferably the carnauba wax / paraffin and thus detach the support sheet (carrier) of polyester by the heat applied, to strongly adhere to the paper of each banknote the protection formed by the transparent HRI or metallic hologram, selectively demetallized by zones; comprising the logos and holographic figures whose lines are protected against wear by the coverage of the hardened lacquer; the deposited holographic layer being selectively composed of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, or Ag and is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on the surface of said layer.

Another embodiment of the present invention consists of a holographic laminate structure comprising a holographic structure, selectively of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) or of metallic holographic laminate, which is constituted by an oriented polyester or durable plastic support sheet ( durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, prior discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, the layer of silicone wax or vegetable wax is preferably deposited, preferably wax / carnauba paraffin, on whose previous surface corona discharge or plasma pretreatment 02, a layer consisting of at least one of the following products is deposited: acetate derivative, polyolefin derivative, polypropylene derivative, acrylic derivative, derivative silicone, epoxy derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyethylene terephthalate derivative, or preferably by lacquer, which hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, and then after corona discharge or prior treatment of Plasma 02, the acrylic derivative layer is deposited on whose surface the engraving is made

(embossing) of the respective indentations of the lines and zones corresponding to the figures and logos; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, the holographic product is deposited by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition procedure that covers only specific lines and areas of the holographic product surface or by PVD (physical vapor procedure) deposition) of conventional deposit covering the entire surface of the holographic product layer, thus constituting the holographic layer containing the holographic figures and logos; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, an encapsulation of the holographic surface is included, with a layer that depending on the type of application of the holographic laminate thus constituted is selectively formed by one of the following compounds: by lacquer which hardens selectively by the action of UV light or by the action of the radiation of electronic radiation or by air, by deposit selected from polyolefin derivative PE or polypropylene, - selectively by thermal adhesive for paper or preferably by ethylene-acrylic acid with polyurethane derivative addition, for application in paper money, passports and visas and documents, and for D2T2 thermosublimation customization printing,

- by polyvinyl derivative with addition of PVDC

(polyvinylchloride chloride) for D2T2 thermosublimation personalization printing, by a layer of polyurethane-based thermo-adhesive which in turn adheres a modified PET-G derivative layer

(polyethylene terephthalate glycol).

From the two specific basic structures of holographic covers or laminates contemplated in the present invention, very specific structures of holographic laminates are derived, also object of the present invention, by the addition of specific plastic layers that adapt in concrete form and integrate by heat welding complete the holographic laminates of both types to the respective different structures of each identity document and to each of the different personalization modalities thereof, either by printing D2T2 (Dye Diffussion Thermal Transfer) thermosublimation on the core or directly on the internal side of the holographic laminate itself (Re-Transfer system) either by destructive laser engraving (both infrared, green and blue) or combination of different customization methods on the same document to obtain a higher security of the same . Likewise, the specific structures of the core of the document or identity card are essential part of the present invention to adapt to the different customization modalities and that weld together with the respective holographic cover structure or sheet (both HRI and metallized) object of the present invention In the structuring of the constitutive layers of the two specific basic configurations of cover or holographic laminate, object of the invention, have been optionally applied either adhesives composed of PVDC (polyvinylchloride) with the addition of vinyl and optionally chloronitrile or special lacquers that quickly harden in a few seconds by polymerization by the action of UV light (photonic action) or by the action of electron radiation or primers of both mono and bicomponent polyurethane derivatives. With this, one has a very high adhesion of the holographic layer with its respective protective sheet of polyester (or other durable plastic) and on the other hand the encapsulated holographic laminate becomes completely resistant to both the prolonged action of the water and the action of a wide range of common reagents and solvents so that in all cases delamination of the holographic laminate occurs with irreversible damage to it. Since the special lacquer applied thus hardened by the respective action of UV light or electronic radiation is highly resistant to scratching and wear even if the delamination of the polyester protective layer of the holographic laminate occurs, said special lacquer thus hardened would continue protecting the holographic layer in a highly effective way. The two specific basic structures of holographic cover or laminate, object of the invention, are configured and combined respectively with the following components and constituent elements:

A. A transparent or PC oriented polyester sheet, or durable plastic (durable plastic), as a carrier (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge has previously been made and on which a thin layer of generic primer is deposited for plastics or selectively consisting of at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC (chloride of polyvinyldiene), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative and preferably said layer is made of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light and, where appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air. Said lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon-acrylate, urethane-acrylate, epoxy-silicone, including its dilutable and water-emulsifiable versions. A layer of acrylic compound is deposited on said layer.

On said surface of the support in both modalities indicated, the holographic product is deposited by vacuum vaporization, having previously directly etched (embossing) the grooves with the metal engraving tool (shims) designed with the corresponding figures and logos . B. A sheet of transparent oriented polyester or PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic (durable plastic), as a carrier (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge has previously been performed and on which lacquer is deposited with one of the systems: offset or with flexograph system, in coil a layer that covers the entire surface of the coil, or formed by a grid of fine lines or points. Said applied lacquer polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or, if appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air, and is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane-acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and their corresponding water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions. On said indicated surfaces, the hot grooves (embossing) are engraved directly with a metal engraving tool (shims) designed with the corresponding figures and logos; The holographic product is then deposited by vacuum vaporization. From each of these two structures thus constituted, a coil is obtained which is processed in a vacuum vaporization chamber in which the vaporization is selectively produced by heating, by magnetron effect (sputtering), by arc action, by action of ionic ray, of at least one holographic deposit product of at least one of the elements consisting of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, zirconium oxide, Al, Ag or Bi. The holographic deposit on the surface on which the indentations of the engraving lines of the figures and logos (embossing) have been made, is made through perforations made on a metal or plastic endless belt or band that flows together with the coil support to be deposited inside the vacuum vaporization chamber or at atmospheric pressure dragged by the corresponding rollers through the respective slots of entry into the chamber. The aforementioned perforations correspond to the lines of the figures and template logos, so that the punched and negative perforations have been practiced that are much wider and much wider than those corresponding to the original design and allow the holographic deposit to pass widely vaporized covering only the corresponding areas on the substrate surface of the coil that already contains the respective embossing lines and areas; the aforementioned ribbon with the punched holes of the figures and logos in negative moves synchronously with the support of the coil to be deposited with holographic product controlled by sensors that through a processor acts on the drive motor of the said belt or perforated band in order to adjust its positioning with respect to the areas where in the support of the coil embossing of the slits corresponding to the lines of the figures and holographic logos were performed. The rewind of the coil is carried out continuously at a uniform speed depending on the deposit thickness of the holographic product deposit that has been previously calculated.

The process of continuous deposition of vacuum vaporization of the holographic product, object of the present invention, achieves that this holographic deposit is carried out over very specific and specific areas so that the surface that forms the lines that constitute the engraved holographic figures and logos (embossing) remain without deposit which allows encapsulating the embossing lines and areas of the aforementioned holographic deposit with the different types of enclosure layer that are contained in the present invention and that confer a very high closing adhesion and therefore security .

These two basic structures A and B of holographic cover or laminate are derived by the addition of specific plastic layers to encapsulate the holographic layer and also make viable the different document structures combined with the corresponding customization modalities of the different possible document configurations of identity, so that they weld solidaryly constituting documents of very high security that are irreversibly damaged in any fraudulent attempt at delamination and handling. The holographic layer is encapsulated by respective addition of the following layer configurations on the holographic surface of the two basic holographic roof structures A and B:

• The corona effect is previously discharged and then, on the holographic face, a layer is preferably deposited with lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light and, where appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air , so that the lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and their corresponding water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions.

• Corona effect discharge is carried out previously and then, on the holographic side, generic adhesive is preferably applied to plastics, preferably two-component polyurethane-based, which adheres a layer of PET-G modified derivative (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) and preferably PET-modified derivative G with micronized carbon additive and with flame suppressor inhibitor and, where appropriate, with titanium oxide additive.

• corona discharge is previously carried out and then on the holographic face, it is hot deposited by coextrusion of the generic base-layer adherent compound (tie-layer) together with the modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) and preferably of modified PET-G derivative with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor and, where appropriate, with oxide oxide additive titanium

• previously corona discharge is carried out and then on the holographic face, it is deposited selectively by hot injection, or by offset printing, or by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer consisting of at least one of the following elements: derivative vinyl, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative.

• previously corona discharge is carried out and then on the holographic face, it is deposited selectively by hot injection, or by off-set printing, or by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer of thermo-adhesive preferably composed of ethylene-acrylic acid and alternatively by at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the layer thus constituted thermolamine with the paper of the passport data sheet or document in general.

• Corona effect discharge is previously carried out and then a layer of polyolefin polymer thermoadhesive composed of polyethylene or modified polyethylene, or polypropylene is deposited selectively by hot injection or extrusion.

• As an alternative modality for encapsulation, corona discharge is previously carried out and then on the holographic face a generic adhesive is preferably applied to plastics, preferably bicomponent based on polyurethane that adheres the layer consisting of a PET-G modified derivative sheet (polyethylene taraphthalate - glycol) with or without a micronized carbon additive that has a radio frequency chip embedded and integrated with its respective antenna. Subsequently, a hot layer is already deposited selectively by hot injection, by offset printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, so that it laminates with the paper of the passport or visa data sheet or document in general, providing it with A security chip The object of the present invention is also the structure of a core (C) comprising a central assembly with 1 an layers (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of modified PET-G, and on at least one of its faces is thermolaminated or A modified PET-G derivative layer is extruded with generic additive for destructive laser beam engraving, or micronized carbon additive with flame inhibitor suppressor, in one of its layers it includes an integrated radio frequency chip with antenna, and on whose face it Deposits, after discharge of corona effect, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, by hot stamping, a layer consisting of its entire surface selectively by at least one of the following elements : Vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinylchloride chloride), acrylonitrile, so that on this last surface, personalization of personal data and facial image is printed by im color pressure

D2T2 thermosublimation.

The specific structuring of the core of the identity document is also an object of the invention so that it allows the specific personalization modality and a complete heat-welding is obtained both between the constituent layers of said core and with the holographic protective or laminated covers forming a non-delalable body . To get this result, you it constitutes a core comprising n layers (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of modified PET-G, one of whose layers includes an integrated radio frequency chip with antenna, and on at least one of its faces is thermolaminated or a layer is coextruded PET-G modified derivative with generic additive for destructive laser beam engraving, or micronized carbon additive with flame inhibitor suppressor, on whose face it is deposited in turn, after corona discharge, by one of the following procedures: extrusion , hot injection, silkscreen printing, corrosive printing, by hot stamping, a layer with a specific limited surface and on a specific area, consisting of one of the following products: • Selectively by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinylchloride chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative, so that on the limited surface of the core, the customization is printed facial and personal data agen with D2T2 color thermosublimation printing.

• By generic compound for printing with inkjet system and alternatively containing gelatin, for customization with inkjet color printer

• For at least one of the following elements: pure gelatin, acrylic derivatives, polyamide polymer derivatives, or a combination of them, so that the limited surface thus covered is personalized with the facial image through the photographic transfer system. Reverse diffusion whereby the negative carrier of the color or grayscale image is superimposed on the surface or limited area and applying light pressure and in the presence of a developer photographic, in whose operation the facial image is transferred and where appropriate the fingerprint, signature and text to the aforementioned limited surface.

Similarly, one or both faces of the core consisting of layers of modified PET-G derivative, prior to corona discharge, are treated superficially on which it is deposited, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, printing corrosive, by hot stamping, a thin layer of up to about 15-20μ over the entire surface, consisting of modified PET-G derivative with generic additive for laser engraving or micronized carbon or titanium oxide additive and with suppressor flame inhibitor, so that on the surface of the core so constituted it is etched with destructive laser beam

(burning) the corresponding personalization of the identity document, of the facial image, ghost image (ghost facial image) and personal data.

It is also the object of the invention the insertion on both sides of the core or in the center thereof of a polyester or polycarbonate sheet that compensate the tensions of the different layers once the document has been heat-laminated. On both sides of said sheet, preferably PET-G (polyethylene teraphthalate glycol) derivative sheets are adhered by polyurethane-based adhesive.

The present invention contains the specific structure of the outer back cover for protection of the identity document adapted and compatible both to obtain a single body or delaminable in the thermo-lamination with the specific core which is also the object of the present invention. Said cover is constituted by a sheet of polyester or durable plastic to which a derivative layer has been adhered with preferably polyurethane-based adhesive PET-G modified.

The present invention provides that as a prior stage to each of the processes of layer deposition, adhesive deposit, holographic product deposit, lacquer printing, silicone or oil derivative printing, object of structuring and production of all structures of the present invention, pretreatment of the corresponding surface with vacuum plasma of oxygen 0 ₂ and selectively vacuum plasma of hydrogen H ₂ , and where appropriate with the corresponding atmospheric plasma is applied. In this way the adhesion between layers increases by a factor that exceeds 200.

The present invention contains, by way of example, 3 preferred identity document structures of the many possible ones that can be constituted with the corresponding elements that are the object of the present invention. Each of these 3 structures refers to a combination of said constituent elements that give the highest security to the identity document against delamination and fraudulent manipulation, reproduction and falsification.

The invention relates to the constituent elements of the holographic laminate to which at least one of its layers: either the polyester layer of the protective sheet, either the layer constituted by lacquer selectively polymerizable by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air, either the primer layer, or even the layer of acrylic derivatives of the respective holographic laminate, both transparent HRI type and metallic type, is added in its Selectively dough a generic additive for laser engraving or a micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, to perform custom engraving of CLI structures (change laser image) on surface by destructive laser beam (burning).

Likewise, the procedures for depositing holographic product limited to specific areas and lines on the substrate, object of the present invention are applicable to the holographic deposit directly on the sheet of a container or packaging surface, or container label selectively constituted by oriented polyester or by durable plastic (durable plastic). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

A series of figures are described below in which different embodiments of the invention are shown by way of illustration and not limitation.

Figure 1.- schematically represents the basic structure A of one of the holographic laminates object of the present invention, in which the embossing layer that constitutes the holographic layer is composed of acrylic derivative which in turn carries deposited a layer of primer or a thin layer of a special lacquer polymerizable by the action of UV light or electronic radiation that adheres to the polyester cover.

Figure 2. - Schematically represents the basic structure B of the holographic laminates object of the present invention, in which the special lacquer layer polymerizable by the action of UV light or electronic radiation or air, is directly engraved ( embossing) and on it the holographic layer is deposited by vacuum vaporization. Figure 3.- schematically represents a basic structure of a holographic laminate object of the present invention. It is constituted by a structure of a conventional holographic laminate in which the embossing layer is composed of acrylic derivative on which the entire surface is deposited. holographic layer A thin silicone emulsion film or silicone synthetic wax emulsion is printed or deposited between the acrylic layer and the polyester cover. On the holographic layer, a new layer that can be modified PET-G or polyester derivative is adhered with polyurethane base adhesive.

Figure 4.- schematically represents the process of separating the polyester layer from the holographic sheet structure in which the coil is heat treated.

Figure 4a.- schematically represents the structure of superfine holographic laminate resulting from depositing holographic product by PVD (physical vapor deposition) procedure on a recordable plastic (plastic embossable shims) preferably by recordable lacquer so that the holographic deposit It is preferably encapsulated with lacquer or with a thermo-adhesive. The heat-oriented polyester carrier sheet is separated from this structure. Figure 5.- schematically represents an example of holographic final deposit design.

Figure 6.- schematically represents the modification of a holographic PVD deposit chamber by vacuum vaporization for the realization of the PVD process in coil and in continuous holographic deposition through the perforations made in an endless belt or band.

Figure 6a.- schematically represents a PVD holographic deposit chamber by vacuum vaporization for the realization of the holographic deposition process on specific and limited areas of the substrate in sheets of the holographic laminate.

Figure 7.- schematically represents an exemplary detail of the shield of the design of the embossing on which the holographic layer is deposited by vacuum vaporization.

Figure 7a.- schematically represents the perforations corresponding to the lines of a holographic figure which, by way of example, is a shield, made in the tape or band flowing in the deposit chamber coincidentally with the coil substrate.

Figure 8. -. schematically represents the configuration of the endless belt provided with the perforations and negative die cuts through which the vaporized holographic product covering the lines and areas that are deposited are deposited on the area of the corresponding layer of the polyester sheet they form the engraved figures and logos (embossing). Figure 8a.- schematically represents the areas that are covered with the impression of the paraffin wax of carnauba or the silicone compound, leaving the areas where the engraving of the figures and logos that have been previously made without covering if deposited with the holographic compound.

Figure 9.- schematically represents the final structure of the holographic deposit that is conveniently covered by one of the layer structures object of the present invention that in turn encapsulate said holographic deposit.

Figure 10.- schematically represents the structure of one of the holographic laminates object of the present invention for identity documents, passports, visas and banknotes, in which the embossing layer included in the holographic structure It is composed of a thin layer of a recordable lacquer, on which the transparent HRI holographic product limited to one zone is deposited by PVD process first and in the remaining zone of said substrate metal holographic product is deposited. Figure 10a. - schematically represents the structure of the transparent combined hologram HRI and metallic Hmz adhered on the top cover Lpc of polycarbonate or on the core C also of polycarbonate PC being thermo laminated the set with transparent Lpc sheets of polycarbonate on both sides of said core.

Figure 10b.- schematically represents the structure of one of the holographic laminates object of this for identity documents, passports, visas and banknotes, in which the embossing layer included in the holographic structure is composed of a thin layer of a recordable lacquer, on which the transparent HRI holographic product limited to one zone is deposited by PVD process first and in the remaining area of said substrate metal holographic product is deposited

Figure 11.- schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, with a layer of PET-G derivative bonded sheet with or without ray engraving additive destructive laser (burning).

Figure 12. - schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, with coextrusion together with its corresponding base-layer (tie-layer) of a PET-derived layer G with or without destructive laser engraving (burning) additive Figure 13.- schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A by depositing a layer consisting of at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, derivative of polyurethane

Figure 14.- schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, by depositing ethylene-acrylic acids with polyurethane, for thermolamination as protection of a passport booklet and of visas.

Figure 14a.- schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, by depositing ethylene-acrylic acids with polyurethane, for thermolamination as protection of the passport booklet and of visas, in whose PET-G layer a radio frequency chip with antenna has been inserted and integrated.

Figure 15.- schematically and by way of example shows how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, on whose inner face a layer of thermo-adhesive composed of polyolefin polymers or polyethylene polymer or directly deposited. of modified polyethylene or polypropylene.

Figure 16.- schematically represents a nucleus of a document consisting of sheets of PET-G modified derivative, with or without laser etched or micronized carbon etching additive, in which one or both sides of the same has been deposited a thin layer composed of PVDC with optional addition of vinyl derivatives and acrylonitrile and polyurethane that allows color printing customization by the D2T2 (Dye Diffussion Thermal Transíer) thermosublimation system.

Figure 17.- schematically represents a nucleus of an identity document constituted by PET-G modified derivative sheets with or without laser engraving additive or micronized carbon, in one or more both sides of it, has been deposited in a specific area, which according to the type or modality of customization is a thin layer.

Figure 18. - schematically represents a protective back cover of a document constituted by polyester sheet to which a PET-G derivative layer with or without additive for personalization by the adhesive has been adhered by means of a two-component polyurethane adhesive. laser engraving system. Figure 19.- Schematically depicts a polyester or PC sheet that is sandwiched in the middle of the core of Figures 16 and 17 to compensate for structural stresses of the thermo-laminated document symmetrizing its structure. Figures 19a and 19b.- schematically and by way of example, represent the polyester or PC sheet that is thermo-laminated on both sides of the core of Figures 16 and 17, to compensate for structural stresses of the thermo-laminated document symmetrizing its structure. Figure 20.- shows, by way of example, one of the possible preferred structures of identity documents resulting from combining the structures of the constituent elements object of the present invention, with combined customization on the surface of the core of both D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation of the phantom image, such as personalization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the personal data and the facial image of the holder on the specific limited surface area. The structure is equipped with polyester, or PC, tension compensation sheets, integrated on both sides of the document core.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION It comprises obtaining a holographic structure, both of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) as a metallic holographic laminate, in which a deposit of a holographic product selected from SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), or silver (Ag) is made to obtain a holographic layer (2h) (figures 1,2 and 3); said deposit is made limited only to specific areas and lines either on a surface (2'a2) of a second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, constituted by acrylic derivative or lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of ultraviolet light (UV) or by the action of electronic radiation or air, depending on the type of lacquer applied; or making said holographic product deposit limited to specific areas and lines directly on a surface of a first layer (the) of oriented polyester or durable plastic in the case of packaging, plastic sheets for packaging or packaging labels. In the latter case, the holographic structure consists only of said first layer (the).

The preferred embodiment of the invention provides for 3 different methods of depositing holographic product described below.

PVD (physical vapor deposition) process of continuous holographic deposit on coil, in which first it is done hot embossing with a metal engraving tool (shims) designed to produce the respective indentations that constitute the figures and logos holographic (3) (figure 5), on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) (figures 1 and 2), in coil (8a) (figure 6). A continuous impression is then made on the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a), on the areas (17) (figure 8a) and around the lines that form the figures and logos (3) (figure 5 ), which have already been embossed, selectively with synthetic silicone wax, with silicone emulsion, with natural vegetable oils, preferably with wax carnauba paraffin, thus covering all the free zones of the coil (8a) that do not have embossing lines in the holographic layer (2h) (figures 1 and 2), but leaving enough uncovered space on both sides of the cited embossing lines (17) (figure 8a). Subsequently, a PVD tank is made on the entire surface (17 and area of the figures and logos 3), a vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, in continuous process, of the holographic element (7), which as indicated it is constituted by SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Ag or Bi, so that said product (7) is not deposited in the zone (17), by the action of the continuous deposition carried out on said zone. Optionally and as a security measure, a specific lacquer print is then made that hardens by the action of the UV light of all the lines and areas that have already been covered by the holographic product deposit, thus protecting and encapsulating said holographic deposits corresponding to the area of the figures and logos (3). The next phase of the continuous process consists in carrying out the elimination and cleaning of the areas (17) that were covered with the carnauba wax-paraffin wax or silicone derivative (17) (figure 8a), by means of a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma 0 ₂ , by which the silicone derivative is released. This cleaning can also be carried out by applying a solvent of the silicone derivative, or, where appropriate, a solvent of the carnauba wax-paraffin, by which action is derived from the surface (2'h) of a coil (8b ), leaving only the holographic product deposit deposited on the surfaces (2h) corresponding to the logos and figures (3) figure 5, on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure. The invention provides a second method of deposit of holographic product by vacuum vaporization or at atmospheric pressure that is made on the second layer (2a2) (figures 2 and 6a) cut into individual sheets of the holographic laminate instead of making said deposit on coil. For this purpose, said holographic laminate is constituted by a first layer (la) of polyester or PC on which the second layer (2a2) of acrylic derivative or preferably lacquer is deposited which polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by The action of electronic radiation. This set is cut into sheets (8pe) (figure 6a) each of which is previously hot embossed with the metal engraving tool (shims) designed to produce the respective recesses that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3 ) (figure 5). Then on the surface (2'a2) it is printed with silicone derivative and selectively with oil compound or vegetable wax and preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin around lines and zones 17, (figure 8a) where they have already been engraved (hot embossing) the slits, respective of the holographic figures and logos. The sheets are then introduced into a stacker-feeder (12stf) (figure 6a), which by means of roller sets (12'r) individually transports each sheet through the slot gate (llce) and supported by guides lateral, to a vacuum PVD vaporization chamber (10) or to atmospheric pressure of the holographic product (7) that is selectively vaporized by heating, by magnetron (sputtering), by ionic ray, by electron beam, or by arc; the passage of each sheet (8pe) through the vacuum vaporization chamber (10) produces the holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2 'a2) covering only the free areas of silicone derivative printing; since this prevents the holographic product from being deposited (7). The sheets (8ps) already provided with holographic deposit, they are then transported by the respective drive wheels of the lateral guides and by the rollers (12'r) to the output stacker (12sto); so that the rollers (12'r) are synchronously driven by a stepper motor (13eng) that is controlled by a processor through the passing and positioning signals of each sheet (8pe) as it passes through optoelectronic sensors (lis) . Subsequently, the sheets (8ps) are cleaned in a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma 0 ₂ where the silicone derivative is released, and where appropriate the generic synthetic oil from the respective printed areas.

The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a third PVD (physical vapor deposition) method of continuous holographic deposition on coil, in a vacuum vaporization (10) or atmospheric pressure deposition chamber (Figure 6), in which the vaporization is produced by heating, magnetron effect

(sputtering), by ionic beam, electron beam, by arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7). Said holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) (figures 1 and 2), of a holographic structure, comprises: previously hot embossing with the metal engraving tool (shims ) designed to produce the respective recesses that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) (figure 5), on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then, by means of a vacuum PVD vaporization chamber (10) or at atmospheric pressure (figure 6), the vaporization of at least one holographic deposit product (7) is carried out; The vaporized holographic product is deposited through perforations (16), figures (7a and 8), which correspond to the figures and logos perforated in the negative in the form of frames (11) (figure 8), repetitive and that one After another they have been practiced on a band (12cp) (fig 6) endless metal or plastic. Said band (12cp) rotates continuously dragged by the rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8) flowing through the groove gates (llcp) so that the perforations ( 16) in the negative they correspond in the form of a mask-template, to the areas where the hot embossing slits of the figures and logos of the holographic design (3) have been positioned and made hot. The aforementioned perforations (16) are wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the original design (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit widely and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2'a2 ) containing the lines and areas of the respective embossing. The band (12cp) is dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the reservoir chamber (10) by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) that detect preprinted marks on said coil (8a) and on the band (12cp) , which have the same width as the coil (8a), so that it is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching positioning of the coil (12cp) and the coil (8a); a system of pressure constituted by a plate (13sp) and selectively by a belt system and its corresponding drag rollers, press the laminate of the coil (8a) to the band (12cp) during the passage of both through the deposit chamber (10) PVD; The holographic surface (2h) deposited with holographic product only in the planned areas where the slits corresponding to the holographic figures and logos were made is continuously rewound in the coil (8b). The invention provides for the process of obtaining another possible holographic laminate structure described below with the help of figures 3 and 4, and comprising a first sheet (la) of transparent oriented polyester, PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic (durable plastic), as carrier (carrier) ), on whose inner surface (2 'al) a corona discharge has previously been carried out, and then a thin film of silicone wax, or of natural vegetable oil or wax, preferably carnauba wax, is deposited or printed. The second layer (2a2) is deposited on said surface of this thin film, which in this case may be constituted by an acrylic compound or preferably by lacquer with an additive that previously hardens with the action of air and which finally polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation. Said lacquer is constituted by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and their corresponding water-dilutable or emulsifiable versions . Subsequently, on the surface (2'a2) the grooves are made by hot engraving (embossing) corresponding to the lines of the holographic figures and logos (3). Then on said surface (2'a2), and in continuous process PVD on coil

(8a) in a vacuum vaporization chamber or at atmospheric pressure, by conventional deposition procedure or by any of the PVD procedures described above, the holographic deposit (2h) is produced with at least one of the products SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx , or Al, Ag or Bi, whose resulting surface (2'h) is in turn the holographic layer (2h).

In the next step of the process a generic adhesive deposit, preferably polyurethane based adhesive (2plu), is deposited on the surface (2'h) which adheres a third layer (lal) of modified PET-G or polyester derivative; this third layer (lal) may optionally consist of polyethylene, polypropylene, or adhesive for passport paper and visas preferably ethylene-acrylic acid and polyurethane derivatives and alternatively at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives; the laminate thus constituted in coil (Ir) (figure 4), is subjected, in continuous process, whereby by means of a heating station (3p) the first polyester sheet (la) is separated and rewound in coil (l'r ). If the second layer (2a2) is thus deposited of an acrylic nature, prior to the cleaning process and removal of the wax-paraffin in a plasma chamber 0 ₂ in a vacuum, also in a subsequent continuous process it is deposited on the surface (2 'al) , a protective layer (not shown) preferably constituted by lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air, so that the lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate , epoxy-silicone, and their corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water. It should be noted that the invention provides that in order to increase the adhesion between layers, as a previous stage of each of the different processes of deposit of both a layer, as an adhesive deposit, as a holographic product deposit, such as lacquer printing , or printing with silicone derivative or vegetable wax, it it applies pretreatment of activation of the corresponding surface selectively with oxygen vacuum plasma, hydrogen vacuum plasma H ₂ , with the corresponding plasma of the reservoir product, or with atmospheric plasma.

In the described methods of selective metallic deposit of Al, Ag or Bi by vacuum vaporization or at atmospheric pressure constituting the holographic layer (2h), the invention provides that said deposit can be gradually demetalized by surface areas

(2h) to decrease the density of the metal deposit of

Al, Ag or Bi and make a specific area of the holographic surface more transparent (2h). For this, a corrosive of Al, Ag, or Bi is successively printed on the holographic deposit layer (2h) and subsequently washed by covering the figures and logos selectively of Al, Ag or Bi.

In the holographic product depot PDV procedures described above, they provide for a variation that consists in the hot embossing process of the corresponding indentations of the respective lines of the figures and logos being carried out directly on the holographic layer (2h ) prior deposit of the holographic product by vaporization. To do this, applying said deposit procedures already described, the holographic product is previously deposited on the lines and limited areas of the corresponding substrate, either directly on polyester or durable plastic sheet (la) or on the surface (2'a2 ) of the second layer (2a2), and then the hot embossing of the corresponding grooves coincidentally over the lines and areas selectively covered with the holographic product by vaporization is performed as described below: The holographic deposit (2h) is carried out either directly on the surface of the layer (la), either on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, or it is carried out by PVD process (physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) (figures 1,2 and 3), the latter comprising: making a continuous impression of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos (3), selectively with silicone wax emulsion, with silicone oil, with vegetable wax, preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin, covering all those remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) on which later it is not the figures and logos are going to be engraved (embossing) on the second layer (2a2), and leaving enough space without covering both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos that will later be engraved (embossing); a PVD tank is then carried out by vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the removal and cleaning of the areas that were covered with continuous printing (17), selectively by passing the holographic structure (8b) through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, or through the application of a solvent of the silicone derivative to release the silicone derivative and, if necessary, carnauba ceraparaffin, together with the holographic product deposit that has been residual on it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the coil

(8b) only holographic product deposit (7) on the corresponding lines of the logos figures (3); Next, we proceed to hot embossing, with metal engraving tool (shims), the indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) or, where appropriate, of the surface (la), in coil (8a) previously covered with a holographic product tank.

Another variant that provides for the engraving procedure on the holographic tank (24) is described with the aid of Figure 6, in which the holographic tank

(2h) is carried out either directly on the surface of the first layer (la), or on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, and is carried out by PVD (physical vapor deposition) ) Continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) comprising: by means of a vacuum vaporization (10) or atmospheric pressure deposit chamber, vaporization is carried out, selectively by heating, by magnetron (sputtering) effect, by ionic ray, by electron beam, or by arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7); the vaporized holographic product deposit being made through perforations (16) of a selectively metallic or plastic endless band (12cp) that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) flowing through groove gates (llcp); the positioning of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band correspondingly corresponds, with the respective areas on which the grooves of the lines of the figures and logos (3) in the coil (8a) have been positioned; the aforementioned perforations (16) being wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2) 'a2) containing the lines and areas of the engravings

(embossing) respective; and constantly the band (12cp) is dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) in its path by the deposit chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12), preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the tape (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the coincident positioning of the band (12cp) and the coil (8a); the laminate of the coil (8a) being pressed against the band (12cp) during the passage of both through the PVD deposit chamber (10) by means of a pressure system selectively constituted by a plate (13sp) or by a roller belt system drag (12r); then the corresponding indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) or, where appropriate, on the surface (2'2) are etched (hot embossing). surface of the first layer (the) in coil (8a) already covered with the holographic product tank; then it is continuously rewound in a coil (8b).

Likewise, the above procedures are applied in obtaining holographic laminates for documents, identity and credit cards, passports, visas and banknotes.

Similarly, the deposit limited by zones and lines of holographic product by vacuum vaporization carried out by the procedures described as part of the invention is applied directly on a first layer (the) constituted by durable plastic (durable plastic) preferably by oriented polyester of a container or packaging surface or labels for containers.

Figure 1 shows the primary structure of an example of the invention, of the holographic laminate that is part of the structure of the document, and which is constituted by a first layer (la) of transparent oriented polyester, of PC polycarbonate, or of durable plastic (durable plastic), as a carrier (carrier) on whose surface a surface treatment has previously been performed by corona discharge and on which a thin layer (2al) of generic primer for plastics is deposited, selectively consisting of at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative and preferably said layer (2al) is made of polymerizing lacquer that hardens by the action of UV (ultra violet) light or by the action of electronic radiation, the lacquer being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate , methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and its dilutable versions and water-mulsifiable, such that a second layer (2a2) of acrylic compound is deposited on said layer (2al).

In figure 2 another primary structure is shown as an example of holographic laminate of the invention that is constituted by the first layer (the) figures and logos (3) are printed directly with thick lines with lacquer that hardens by UV light or by the action of electronic radiation constituting the second printed layer (2a2). Alternatively, the invention provides for the possibility that a second continuous layer (2a2) of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light and selectively by the action of electronic radiation or is directly deposited on the first layer (the) by the action of the air. In both cases the second layer (2a2) is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates such as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone and their corresponding water soluble versions.

From both holographic structures constituted as described in figures 1 and 2 a coil (8a) is obtained as shown in figure 6, which is processed by the three differentiated alternative methods of depositing holographic product by vacuum or pressure vaporization atmospheric, which are the object of the preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the deposit of the holographic product SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Ag or Bi is limited to specific areas and lines on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) to obtain a holographic laminate of both the HRI type (high reflective index) and the metallic type, with subsequent encapsulation of the lines and areas of the holographic deposit corresponding to the grooves that are hot embossing of the respective holographic figures and logos (3).

Figure 10 represents a specific embodiment of this invention corresponding to a structure comprising a combined holographic structure, with deposit of a first holographic layer (2hι) of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) over specific areas of the recordable substrate (shims plastic embossable) consisting of the second layer (2a2) and deposit of a second holographic layer (2h2) of metallic holographic product on other specific areas of the same recordable substrate (2a2); This combined holographic structure is constituted by a first support layer (the) of oriented polyester or durable plastic (durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, prior discharge of corona effect or Plasma 02 pretreatment, comprises a deposit or impression of silicone wax or vegetable wax preferably of carnauba wax / paraffin that forms a thin layer (2al); on which a print or deposit is included, prior to corona discharge or plasma 02 pretreatment, of recordable plastic, preferably of recordable lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, thus forming the second layer (2a2); then on the surface (2 'a2) it comprises an engraving (embossing) made by means of a pressure tool (shims) of the respective slits corresponding to the lines and areas of the design of the holographic figures and then comprises, prior to the discharge of the corona effect or Plasma 02 pretreatment, a deposit of a first holographic layer (2hl) made only with HRI transparent holographic product, applied by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition process by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure; the HRI transparent holographic product being constituted by at least one of the products SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx; then prior corona discharge or plasma pretreatment

02, comprises a deposit of a second holographic layer

(2h2) of metal holographic product selectively applied by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition process by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure; the metal holographic product being selectively constituted by at least one of the products Al, Bi, or Ag; being thus constituted on the surface (2'a2) of the substrate (2a2), the holographic layer of combined holographic deposit, formed by the corresponding holographic zone deposits (2hl) and (2h2) with its surface (2'h); then, after discharge of corona effect or plasma pretreatment 02, it comprises a zonal layer (2a4) of encapsulation preferably of lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light that corresponds to the areas of the surface (2 'h) of the combined holographic deposit layer (2h) on which only the deposit of the first layer (2hl) has been made ) HRI transparent holographic product selective; then it includes a gradual demetalization of the deposit of metallic holographic product; and then comprises the encapsulation zone, preferably with lacquer, of the part of the surface (2'h) corresponding to the deposit of metallic holographic product of the second layer (2h2), thus forming the layer

(2a4) on which a fifth layer (2a5) is adhered or deposited which, depending on the type of application of the combined holographic laminate, is selectively formed by: PE polyolefin derivative deposit, polypropylene, ethylene-acrylic acid with the addition of polyurethane derivative, thermoadhesive for paper money or for passport or visas, polyvinyl derivative with addition of PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride) for personalization with D2T2 thermo-sublimation printing, or a layer of thermo-adhesive based polyurethane which in turn adheres a layer of modified derivative of PET-G (polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol; the deposit of the second layer (2h2) of holographic metal product of the combined holographic laminate is customized by laser engraving (holographic embossing) with the replica of the facial image of the holder of the identity document or passport in which the combined holographic laminate has been thermolaminated Figure 10a r it represents an embodiment of the invention of an integrally polycarbonate identity document structure comprising a structure consisting of a sheet (Lpc) of polycarbonate which is superimposed by thermolamination on both sides of a core (C) of an integrally polycarbonate document, on which has previously been adhered or thermolaminated a combined zonal hologram of transparent HRI holographic zone of the first layer (2hl) and metallic holographic zone of the second layer (2h2) whose metallic zone (Hmz) is customized by destructive laser engraving. The core (C) is constituted by sheets (Csl) of polycarbonate, on a specific part of whose surface (C's) the structure of the combined hologram containing the zonal metal hologram (Hmz) is attached, which is customized by destructive laser engraving (burning) before or after the thermolamination of the core (C) with the transparent polycarbonate sheet covers (Lpc); including in the laser engraving of personalization a recording of personal data and the replica of the facial image of the holder of the identity document; the combined zone hologram being HRI transparent metallic zonal

(Hmz) produced by a PVD method of vaporization of the respective deposit of transparent HRI holographic product and metallic holographic product (Al, Bi, Ag) and whose structure, then be adhered or selectively thermo-laminated with the sheet (Lpc) or with the core (C), is composed of the second layer (2a2) of recordable plastic product (plastic embossable shims) or acrylic derivative, preferably of recordable lacquer on which the second layer of zonal metal holographic product of the second layer (2h2) is deposited ) and of transparent holographic product of the first layer (2hl), on which the zonal layer (2a4) of encapsulation which is formed by acrylic derivative, preferably formed by lacquer that hardens by the action of the UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, which in turn contains a fourth layer (3bl) of selectively polyurethane-based or poly-based thermo-adhesive mere polyolefin; so that depending on the size chosen for the zonal metal hologram (Hmz) and its location on the surface (C'sl) with respect to the positioning, figures, logos and facial image of personalization data on surface (C'sl) that constitutes the front face of the document, the zonal encapsulation layer (2a4) is replaced by the own fourth layer of thermoadhesive (3bl).

Figure 10b represents a specific embodiment of the present invention of holographic structure that is applied to banknotes, passports, visas and document comprising a holographic structure, selectively of transparent HRI type (high reflective index) or of metallic holographic laminate; said structure is constituted by a first support layer (la) of oriented polyester or durable plastic (durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, after corona discharge or plasma pretreatment 02, are printed with silicone wax or vegetable wax preferably with carnauba wax / paraffin only a thin layer (2al) that constitute lines and areas that coincide with the lines and zones corresponding to holographic figures, shields and logos; on whose layer or lines and zones (2al) thus printed are printed in turn with recordable plastic, preferably with recordable lacquer that hardens by the action of light (UV) or by the action of electronic radiation or by the action of air, previous discharge of corona effect or previous treatment of plasma 02, covering a second layer (2a2) the lines and zones (2al) with the hardened recordable lacquer; an embossing is then carried out by means of grooves coinciding with the mentioned lines and zones (2al) of the surface (2'a2) of the second layer

(2a2) and then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, the holographic product is deposited with the differentiated physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods of deposit differentiated by vacuum or atmospheric pressure vaporization, depositing said holographic product only on the mentioned lines and zones (2al) of the surface (2'a2) thus constituting the holographic figures and logos; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, it is printed with thermoadhesive, selectively constituted by ethylene-acrylic acid with addition of mono or bicomponent derivative of polyurethane or by thermal adhesive for paper, covering only the mentioned lines and areas of deposit holographic; having provided that the coil or the sheets of the first support layer (la), include registration marks, previously printed, to allow accuracy in the successive impressions covering the lines and areas of the grooves engraved on the second layer (2a2) ; The holographic laminate thus obtained, prior to corona discharge or prior treatment of O2 plasma, is superimposed and thermo-laminated, either in continuous coil or in sheets, to melt the silicone wax or preferably the carnauba wax / paraffin and thus detach the carrier layer (la) of polyester by the heat applied, to strongly adhere to the paper of each banknote the protection formed by the transparent HRI or metallic hologram, selectively demetalized by zones; comprising the logos and holographic figures whose lines are protected against wear by the lacquer covering of the second hardened layer (2a2); the deposited holographic layer (2h) being selectively composed of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, or Ag and is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) .

Figure 4a represents an embodiment of the present invention holographic laminate structure comprising a holographic structure, selectively of transparent HRI (high reflective index) or laminate type 51 metallic holographic, which is constituted by a first support layer (the) of oriented polyester or durable plastic (durable plastic), both in coil and in sheets, on whose surface, after corona discharge or prior plasma treatment 02, the thin layer (2al) of silicone wax or vegetable wax, preferably carnauba wax / paraffin, is deposited on whose previous surface corona discharge or plasma pretreatment 02, a layer (2a3) selectively constituted by at least one of the following products: acetate derivative, polyolefin derivative, polypropylene derivative, acrylic derivative, silicone derivative, epoxy derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyethylene teref alato derivative, or preferably lacquer, which hardens by the action of the UV light, by the action of electronic radiation or by air action, and then after corona discharge or pre-treatment of plasma O2, is it places the second layer (2a2) of acrylic derivative on whose surface (2'a2) the embossing of the respective slits of the lines and zones corresponding to the figures and logos is made; then, after discharge of corona effect or prior plasma treatment 02, the holographic product is deposited by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition procedure that covers only specific lines and areas of the surface

(2'a2) of holographic product or by PVD procedure

(physical vapor deposition) of a conventional tank covering the entire surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of holographic product, thus constituting the holographic layer containing the holographic figures and logos (2'h); then, after discharge of corona effect or prior treatment of O2 plasma, an encapsulation of the holographic surface (2'h) is included, with a zonal layer (2a4) that depending on the type of application of the holographic laminate thus constituted is selectively formed by one of the following compounds: by lacquer that selectively hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation radiation, by air. by deposit selected from polyolefin derivative PE or polypropylene. selectively by thermo-adhesive for paper or preferably by ethylene-acrylic acid with addition of polyurethane derivative, for application in paper money, passports and visas and documents, and for personalization printing of D2T2 thermosublimation.

- by polyvinyl derivative with addition of PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride) for D2T2 thermosublimation customization printing.

- by a layer of polyurethane based thermoadhesive which in turn adheres a modified derivative layer of PET-G (polyethylene terephthalate glycol).

In any of the described examples of holographic structure, the process of the invention encapsulates the holographic product deposit areas and lines of the holographic layer (2h), by the respective addition of the layer configurations on the surface (2 'h) described below, based on the structures of Figures 1 and 2:

- Previously, corona discharge is carried out on the holographic face (2'h), and then on said surface a layer is preferably deposited with lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, of such that said lacquer is selectively constituted by polyols based multifunctional monomeric acrylates such as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicone acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone , and their corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water.

- Another possibility of encapsulation is shown in Figure 11, in which after the corona effect has been discharged on the holographic face (2'h), then generic adhesive (2plu) is applied to plastics, preferably bicomponent of polyurethane-based base that adheres a third layer (lal) constituted by modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) and preferably by modified PET-G derivative with micronized carbon additive and selectively with titanium oxide additive and with flame suppressor inhibitor.

- In Figure 12 another possible encapsulation is shown, in which corona discharge is previously carried out and then on the holographic face (2'h), it is hot deposited by coextrusion of the generic base-layer adherent compound (tie- layer) together with the modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) and preferably PET-G modified derivative with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor and selectively with titanium oxide additive, constituting the layer (la2) of encapsulated

In Figure 13, to perform the encapsulation, a corona effect discharge is previously made and then on the holographic face (2'h) it is selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, a seventh layer (lg) selectively composed of at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative. In Figure 14, to perform the encapsulation, a corona effect discharge is previously made and then on the holographic face (2'h), it is selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion , an eighth layer (lf) of thermo-adhesive preferably composed of ethylene-acrylic acid and polyurethane derivatives or alternatively at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the eighth layer (lf) thus constituted thermolamine with the paper of the passport data sheet, visa or document in general.

- In Figure 14a, as an alternative modality to perform the encapsulation, corona discharge is previously carried out and then on the holographic face (2'h), generic adhesive (2plu) is applied for plastics, preferably two-component polyurethane-based plastics that adheres the third layer (lal) consisting of a PET-G modified derivative sheet (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) with or without micronized carbon additive that has a radio frequency chip embedded and integrated

(5c) with its antenna (5ant). Subsequently, it is selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, an eighth layer (lf) already described, so that it thermolaminates with the paper of the passport or visa data sheet or document in general, providing it with a security chip. - In Figure 15, to perform the encapsulation, a corona effect discharge is previously made and then on the holographic face (2'h), a ninth layer (le) of thermoadhesive is selectively deposited by hot injection, or by extrusion of polyolefin polymer composed of polyethylene, modified polyethylene, or by polypropylene.

The preferred embodiment of the invention also relates to the core structures of the document compatible with the holographic covers described above, so that a core (C) comprising a central assembly with 1 layers (Cl, C2 ,.) is constituted. .Cn) of modified PET-G, Figure 16, one of whose layers can have integrated a radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant). In addition, the core includes two third layers (lal), for which at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) is thermolaminated or a third layer (lal) of PET-G modified derivative is extruded with generic additive for engraving by destructive laser beam, or selectively of micronized carbon with flame inhibitor suppressor. On the faces (4e, 4'e) of the third layers

(lal) is deposited, prior to corona discharge, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, or by hot stamping, a seventh layer (lg) over the entire surface, which is selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile. On the surface of the seventh layer (lg), personalization of personal data and facial image is printed by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

In addition, the preferred embodiment provides that the core (C) is formed by the structure as shown in Figure 17, which is constituted by a central assembly with n layers (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of modified PET-G. One of the layers of the PET-G central assembly can have integrated a radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant). On at least one of the faces (3e, 3'e) of the Central Assembly is thermolaminated or a third layer (lal) of PET-G modified derivative is extruded with generic additive for destructive laser beam engraving, selectively of micronized carbon with flame inhibitor suppressor. On the faces (4e, 4'e), one of the following procedures is deposited, prior to corona discharge, extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, by hot stamping, a layer with a surface Limited and concrete (4z) consisting of one of the following products:

- At least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, so that on the limited surface (4z) of the core, the personalization of the facial image and personal data is printed by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

- By generic compound for printing with inkjet system, and alternatively containing gelatin, for customization with inkjet color printer.

- For at least one of the following elements: pure gelatin, acrylic derivatives, polyamide polymer derivatives, or combination thereof, so that the surface (4z) thus covered is personalized with the facial image by means of the photographic system of Reverse Diffusion Transfer whereby the negative carrier of the color or grayscale image is superimposed on the concrete surface (4z) and applying light pressure and in the presence of a photographic developer, in whose operation the facial image is transferred and where appropriate, the footprint, signature and text to the aforementioned limited area (4z). To symmetrize and alleviate the possible tensions that occur in the thermolamination of the document or identity card, they are integrated either in the middle of the core (C) or on both sides thereof, a sheet of polyester or polycarbonate, for which constitutes a symmetric structure of layers that or thermolaminate on both sides (3e, 3'e) of the Core Core Assembly (C) or is integrated in the middle of said core, consisting of the following components:

Symmetrically on both sides (3e, 3'e) of the Central Assembly (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of the core (C) as shown in Figures 19a and 19b, a layer structure constituted symmetrically by respectively adheres : a tenth layer (Ib) formed by a polyester or polycarbonate sheet on both sides of which a third layer is adhered on one side with a generic adhesive or polyurethane base adhesive (2plu)

(lal) of PET-G optionally with additive for laser engraving, preferably of micronized carbon, and also a layer (lal) of PET-G derivative is adhered, with or without micronized carbon additive. The seventh layer is then deposited on this last layer

(lg) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile. Integrated in the middle of the Core Core Assembly (C), as shown in Figure 19 structure consisting of third layer (Ib) of polyester or PC polycarbonate, on whose faces it is adhered respectively with generic adhesive or with base adhesive polyurethane (2plu), a third opaque layer (lal) of modified derivative of PET-G.

It should also be noted that the invention provides for the provision of a structure of the back cover of the document as shown in Figure 18, which is constituted by a tenth layer (Ib) of polyester prior to corona discharge, on which it is deposited the layer (2plu) of generic adhesive for plastics preferably of polyurethane base to which the layer (lal) of PET-G modified derivative adheres selectively with micronized carbon additive and respectively with additive of Titanium oxide so that on the inside of the tenth layer (Ib) of polyester, prior security prints of logos, figures, shields, with UV inks and OVI (optical variable ink) inks have been optionally made. The face (5i) of the third layer (lal) of PET-G derivative is that which is thermolaminated directly to the respective core structure of the document or identity card.

By combining the structures of the holographic covers with the respective structures of the document core and with their corresponding back cover, which are the object of the preferred embodiment, specific structures of documents and identity cards are obtained as well as for use in passports and visas, in which it is possible to use a single modality as well as a specific combination of modalities of personalization of the document.

Thus, by way of example, the configurations of document structures are obtained: Figure 20.- represents by way of example one of the possible preferred structures of identity documents that result from combining the structures of the constituent elements object of the present invention, with combined customization on the surface of the core both of D2T2 color printing of thermal image sublimation of the phantom, and of personalization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the personal data and of the facial image of the holder on the specific surface area limited The structure is equipped with polyester (or PC) tension compensation sheets integrated on both sides of the document core.

To make the application of custom CLI (Changing Laser Image) lenticular structures possible by engraving with destructive laser beam preformed and engraved on the outer surface of the document covers, it is envisaged that to the constituent elements of at least one of the layers: first layer (the) polyester of the protective sheet, thin layer (2al) both constituted by polymerizable lacquer by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation as a primer layer (2al) and selectively to the second layer (2a2) of the acrylic derivatives of the respective holographic laminate of both transparent and metallic type HRI type is added in its mass a generic additive for laser engraving and selectively micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, to perform the personalized engraving of structures on surfaces by destructive laser beam (burning).

Likewise, the preferred embodiment of the invention explicitly provides that the holographic structures and the corresponding deposition procedures limited by zones and lines of holographic product Szn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, preferably Al, Bi or Ag by vacuum vaporization, object of the present invention are directly applicable on the first layer (the) (figures 1 and 2), consisting of oriented polyester or durable plastics, so that such substrates are hot embossed with high pressure (hard embossing) with the respective slits corresponding to the lines of the holographic figures and logos that are to be produced. This technology has a very immediate and extensive application in the production of packaging and packaging, as well as holographic labels for holographic protection of high-security containers for medicines, for specific multimedia and consumer items etc.

Claims

CLAIMS 1.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, which includes obtaining a holographic structure, selected from a transparent HRI laminate (high reflective index), a metallic holographic laminate and combination thereof, which includes a deposit of a holographic product (7) that forms a holographic layer (2h); It is characterized in that the holographic product tank is selected from SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, Ag; and combination thereof, and because said holographic product deposit is limited only to specific areas and lines applied on a surface selected from:

- a surface of a layer (la) selected from durable plastic (durable plastic), polycarbonate (PC), and oriented polyester; Y

- a surface (2'a2) of a second layer (2a2), selected from acrylic derivative, gradable plastic (plastic embossable shim) and lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action selected between ultraviolet (UV) light, electronic radiation and air.

2. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lacquer is constituted by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon. acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and its water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions; and the second layer (2a2) being of recordable plastic (plastic embossable shim) consisting of at least one of the following products: acrylic derivative, acetate derivative, polyolefin derivative, polypropylene derivative, epoxy derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyethylene derivative - terephthalate.

3.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A STRUCTURE

INTEGRAL PLASTICS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the deposition of the holographic layer (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by PVD process

(physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a), comprising: record

(hot embossing), with metal engraving tool (shims), indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then make a continuous impression of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos (3), with a product selected from silicone wax emulsion, silicone oil, vegetable wax, and carnauba wax-paraffin , covering all remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of the coil (8a) on which the figures and logos on the surface (2'a2) of the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2), and leaving enough uncovered space on both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos (3); a PVD tank is then carried out by vaporization selected from vacuum vaporization, and atmospheric pressure vaporization in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the elimination and cleaning of the areas (17) that were covered with continuous printing is carried out, by an operation selected between the passage of the holographic structure through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, and by means of the application of a silicone derivative solvent to release the silicone derivative and, if necessary, carnauba ceraparaffin, together with the holographic product deposit that has been left on it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the coil (8b) only deposit of holographic product (7) on the corresponding embossing lines of the logos figures (3).

4.-PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the deposit of holographic product selected between vacuum vaporization and atmospheric pressure vaporization, is performed on sheets (8pe) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of the holographic laminate; for which the holographic laminate is cut into sheets (8pe), each of which is engraved

(hot embossing) by metal engraving tool

(shims) of indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3); It is then printed, with a product selected from silicone derivative, vegetable wax, and carnauba wax-paraffin, on all surface areas (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) on both sides of the lines and areas where they have been recorded

(hot embossing) the indentations of the lines of the figures and logos; then the sheets are introduced in a stacker-feeder (12stf) that by means of roller sets (12'r) individually transports each sheet, through a slot gate (llce) and supported by lateral guides provided with wheels of drag, to a PVD vaporization chamber (10) selected between vacuum vaporization, and atmospheric pressure vaporization, of the holographic product (7), in which it is vaporized by a process selected from heating, magnetron effect (sputtering), ionic ray , electron beam, and arc; to produce the deposit of the holographic layer (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) covering only the areas that have previously been recorded (embossing) and that are free of silicone derivative printing and in his case of carnauba wax-paraffin; then the sheets (8ps) already provided with holographic deposit are transported by the respective drive wheels of the lateral guides and by the rollers (12'r) to an output stacker (12sto); the rollers (12'r) being synchronously driven by a stepper motor (13eng) which is controlled by a processor by means of printed step and positioning marks provided in each sheet (8pe) as it passes through optoelectronic sensors (lis); then the sheets (8ps) already provided with holographic deposit are cleaned in a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma 0 ₂ where the silicone derivative is released, and where appropriate the carnauba wax-paraffin from the respective printed areas.

5.-PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by process PVD (physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) comprising: record

hot embossing with metal engraving tool

(shims) indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then, by means of a vaporization chamber (10) selected between vacuum vaporization, and atmospheric pressure vaporization, the vaporization is carried out, by a process selected between heating, magnetron effect

(sputtering), ionic beam, electron beam, and arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7); the vaporized holographic product deposit being made through perforations (16) of an endless band (12cp) selected between a plastic band and a metal band that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of the coil (8a) flowing through groove gates (llcp); the positioning of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band correspondingly corresponds, with the respective areas on which the grooves of the lines of the figures and logos (3) in the coil (8a) have been positioned; the aforementioned perforations (16) being wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2) 'a2) of the second layer (2a2) containing the lines and areas of the respective embossing; and the band (12cp) is constantly dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the reservoir chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the band (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching positioning of the band (12cp) and the coil (8a), - the roll of the coil (8a) being pressed against the band (12cp) during the passage of both through the PVD deposit chamber (10) by means of a pressure system selectively constituted by a plate (13sp) and by a belt system with drag rollers; then it is continuously rewound in a second coil (8b).

6.-PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1,2 or 4, characterized in that the holographic laminate is obtained by means of a first layer (the) as a support (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge is already made a thin layer of primer (2al) selected between vegetable wax and carnauba wax-paraffin is then deposited, and then on the surface of said thin layer of primer (2al) a second layer is deposited

(2a2) selected from lacquer, and acrylic compound; on whose surface (2'a2) an embossing of the figures and logos is made, so that in a continuous process PVD in a vaporization chamber selected between vacuum vaporization and atmospheric pressure vaporization, the deposit is produced of the holographic layer

(2h) and then a polyurethane base adhesive (2plu) is deposited on the surface (2'h) of said holographic layer (2h), which adheres a third layer (lal), selected from PET-G modified derivative, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and thermoadhesive consisting of a product selected from:

- ethylene-acrylic acid and polyurethane derivatives, - and at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives; then winding the holographic laminate thus obtained in a third coil (Ir) which, by means of a heating station (3p), is subjected in a continuous process to separate the first layer of polyester (la), which is rewound into a fourth coil (l 'r); after cleaning in plasma 0 ₂ and in subsequent continuous process, it is deposited on a surface (2 'al) of the second layer (2a2), when said second layer (2a2) is of an acrylic nature, a protective layer preferably constituted by lacquer.

7.-INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE OBTAINING PROCEDURE, according to claims 1-6, characterized in that as a previous stage of each of the processes of deposit of the different layers, of adhesive deposit, holographic product deposit, lacquer printing, printing with silicone derivative, and oil, pretreatment of activation of the corresponding surface is applied selectively with plasma in vacuum of oxygen 0 ₂ , plasma in vacuum of hydrogen H ₂ , with the corresponding plasma of the deposit product, and with atmospheric plasma.

8. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal deposit selected from Al, Ag, and Bi by vaporization selected from vacuum vaporization, and atmospheric pressure vaporization, which constitutes the holographic layer (2h ), it is gradually demetallized by areas of the surface (2'h) of the holographic layer (2h) to decrease the density of the respective metal deposit and make a specific area of the holographic surface (2'h) of the holographic layer more transparent (2h) on which the respective corrosive of Al, of Ag and, if applicable, of Bi is successively printed and subsequently washed covering areas and logos selectively of Al, Ag and Bi.

9.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the deposit of the holographic layer

(2h) selectively performed on the surface of the first layer (la) and on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, it is carried out by PVD (physical vapor deposition) process of holographic deposit in continuous on a coil (8a), comprising: making a continuous printing of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos (3), with a product selected from silicone wax emulsion, silicone oil , vegetable wax, and carnauba wax-paraffin, covering all those remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of the coil (8a) on which the embossing will not be recorded later. figures and logos on the second layer (2a2), and leaving enough uncovered space on both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos that will later be recorded (embossing); a PVD tank is then carried out by vaporization selected from vacuum vaporization, and atmospheric pressure vaporization, in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the removal and cleaning of the areas that were covered with continuous printing (17), selectively by means of:

- passage of the holographic structure through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, and the application of a solvent of the silicone derivative to release the silicone derivative and, where appropriate, release the carnauba wax-paraffin, together with the deposit of holographic product that has been left on it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the second coil (8b) only holographic product deposit

(7) on the corresponding embossing lines of the logos figures (3); then proceed to record

(embossing) hot, with metal engraving tool

(shims), the recesses that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) selectively on the surface

(2'a2) of the layer (2a2) and, where appropriate, on the surface of the first layer (la) in coil (8a), previously covered with a holographic product tank (7).

10.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A

INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the deposit of the holographic layer (2h) made on the selected surface between the surface of the first layer (la), and on the surface

(2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, it is carried out by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) process of continuous holographic deposit on a coil (8a) comprising: by means of a chamber (10) of vaporization tank selected between vacuum vaporization and atmospheric pressure vaporization, vaporization is performed, by a process selected between magnetron (sputtering) heating, ionic beam, electron beam, and arc, of at least one product holographic deposit (7); the deposit of the vaporized holographic product being made through perforations (16) of an endless band (12cp) selected between a metal band and a plastic band that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2 'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of the coil (8a) flowing through groove gates (llcp); the positioning of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band correspondingly corresponds, with the respective areas on which the grooves of the lines of the figures and logos (3) in the coil (8a) have been positioned; the aforementioned perforations (16) being wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2) 'a2) of the second layer (2a2) containing the lines and areas of the respective embossing; and the band (12cp) is constantly dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the reservoir chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the band (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching positioning of the band (12cp) and the coil (8a); the laminate of the coil (8a) being pressed against the band (12cp) during the passage of both through the PVD deposit chamber (10) by means of a selectively constituted pressure system by a plate (13sp) by a belt system with drag rollers; then the corresponding indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on a surface selected between a surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) and an engraving (hot embossing) are etched with hot metal engraving tool (shims). surface of the first layer (la) in coil (8a), previously covered with holographic product tank (7); then it is continuously rewound in a second coil (8b).

11.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A

INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1-10, characterized in that it is applied in obtaining documents, identity and credit cards, passports, visas and banknotes.

12.- PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A

INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 1,2, 3 and 5-10, characterized in that the deposit limited by zones and lines of holographic product, is applied directly on a first layer (la) selected between a container, a packaging surface, and a container label.

13.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, which comprises a holographic structure, selected between a simple holographic structure and a combined holographic structure comprising a laminate selected from a transparent HRI laminate (high reflective index), a metallic holographic laminate and combination thereof, which includes a deposit of a holographic product

(7) forming a holographic layer (2h); It is characterized in that the holographic layer (2h) is composed of holographic product selected from SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, Ag and a combination thereof whose deposit is limited only to specific areas and lines on a surface (2 ' a2) of a second layer (2a2), consisting of a product selected from acrylic derivative, lacquer gradable plastic and combination thereof; which in turn is on a surface of a first support layer (la) selected from durable plastic (durable plastic), polycarbonate (PC) and oriented polyester.

14. - INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claim 13, characterized in that the holographic laminate is constituted by a first layer (the) as a support (carrier) on whose surface after a corona discharge comprises a thin layer (2al) of primer for plastics , selected from at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC

(polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative, and lacquer; such that on said thin layer

(2al) a second layer (2a2) of acrylic compound is deposited.

15.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the holographic laminate is constituted by a first layer (the) as a support (carrier) on whose surface and after a corona effect discharge is carried out, it selectively comprises a printing of thick lines of the engravable lacquer figures and logos (3) to constitute the second printed layer (2a2); and selectively a second continuous layer (2a2) of lacquer is directly deposited; the product deposit of the holographic layer (2h) being included on the surface (2'a2) of said second layer.

16.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13,14 and 15 comprising a combined holographic structure, consisting of a deposit of a first holographic layer (2hι) type transparent HRI (high reflective index) on specific areas of a recordable substrate ( plastic embossable shims) consisting of a second layer (2a2); and for a second layer deposit

(2h2) metallic holographic on other specific areas of the same second layer (2a2) that constitutes a substrate recordable; it is characterized in that it is constituted by a first support layer (la) selected between oriented polyester and durable plastic (durable plastic), provided in a configuration selected between a coil and sheets, on whose surface, selectively prior discharge of corona effect and selectively by treatment prior to plasma 02, it selectively comprises a deposit and selectively a print selected from silicone wax, vegetable wax and carnauba wax / paraffin that forms a thin layer (2al); on which a print is selectively included and selectively a reservoir, selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior O2 plasma treatment, selected from recordable plastic and recordable lacquer that hardens by the action selected between UV light, electronic radiation, and action of the air to form the second layer (2a2); then on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) it comprises an engraving (embossing) made by pressing tool (shims) of the respective slits corresponding to the lines and areas of the design of the holographic figures (3) and then comprises, selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior O2 plasma treatment, a deposit of a first holographic layer (2hl) of HRI transparent holographic product, applied by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition method by selected between vaporization in vacuum and vaporization at atmospheric pressure; the first holographic layer (2hl) being constituted by at least one of the holographic products SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx; then selectively prior corona discharge and selectively by pretreatment of O2 plasma, it comprises a second holographic layer (2h2) of deposit of metallic holographic product applied by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition method selected between vacuum vaporization and atmospheric pressure vaporization; the second holographic layer being

(2h2) consisting of a metal holographic product consisting of at least one of the products Al, Bi, and Ag; being thus constituted on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2), the combined holographic zone deposit

(2hl) and (2h2); further comprising; selectively prior discharge of corona effect and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, - a zonal layer (2a4) of lacquer encapsulation corresponding to the surface areas of the first holographic layer (2hl); then it includes a gradual demetalization of the deposit of metallic holographic product; and then comprises a lacquer encapsulation zone, on the surface of the second holographic layer (2h2), thus forming the zonal layer (2a4) on which a fifth layer (2a5) is selectively adhered to and selectively deposited which according to the type of application of the combined holographic laminate is selectively formed by: - PE polyolefin derivative deposit,

- depolipropylene tank,

- deposit of ethylene-acrylic acid with the addition of polyurethane derivative, and then by thermal adhesive for paper money, passport, and visas,

- polyvinyl derivative tank with addition of PVDC (polyvinylchloride chloride) for customization with D2T2 thermosublimation printing,

- a layer of polyurethane based thermoadhesive which in turn adheres a modified derivative layer of

PET-G (polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol; and comprising the second holographic layer (2h2) of deposit of metal holographic product with a personalization by laser engraving (holographic embossing) with the replica of the facial image of the holder of a document selected between an identity document and a passport in which the combined holographic laminate has been thermolaminated.

17.-INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13-16 is characterized in that it comprises a first support layer (la) selected between oriented polyester and durable plastic (durable plastic), provided in a configuration selected between a coil and sheets, on whose surface , selectively prior discharge of corona effect and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises an impression selected from silicone wax, vegetable wax, carnauba wax / paraffin that forms only a thin layer (2al) that constitutes lines and zones (2al) which coincide with the lines and zones corresponding to the holographic figures, shields and logos (3); on whose thin layer (2al) comprises a print selected between engravable plastic, and engravable lacquer, selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises a second layer (2a2) covering the lines and areas of the thin layer (2al) with hardened recordable lacquer; then it comprises an embossing by means of grooves coinciding with the aforementioned lines and zones of the thin layer (2al) on the surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) and selectively, prior to corona discharge and selectively prior O2 plasma treatment, comprises a holographic product tank with PVD (physical vapor deposition) method of vaporization tank selected between vacuum vaporization and atmospheric pressure vaporization, said holographic product being deposited only on said lines and areas of the thin layer (2al) and on the surface (2'a2) thus constituting holographic figures and logos; selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises a printing with thermoadhesive, selected from ethylene-acrylic acid with the addition of mono or bicomponent derivative of polyurethane and thermoadhesive for paper, covering only the aforementioned holographic deposit lines and zones; having provided that the coil selectively and selectively the sheets of the first support layer (la), comprise registration marks, previously printed, to allow accuracy in the successive impressions covering the lines and areas of the grooves engraved on the second layer ( 2a2); The holographic laminate thus constituted selectively, prior to corona discharge and selectively after plasma treatment 02, is superimposed and thermolaminated, selectively in continuous coil and selectively in sheets, to melt the silicone wax, and if necessary the wax / paraffin of carnauba and thus detach the first support layer (carrier) of the polyester by the heat applied, to strongly adhere to a paper of each banknote a protection formed by the HRI transparent hologram and in its case the metallic hologram, which it has been selectively demetallized by zones; which includes the logos and holographic figures

18.-INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 16 and 17 comprising a document structure or identity card consisting of a transparent sheet (Lpc) of polycarbonate that is superimposed by thermolamination on both sides of a core (C) of a document integrally of polycarbonate; it being provided that previously and selectively on the core (C) and before and selectively on the transparent sheet (Lpc), it comprises selectively adhered and selectively thermolaminated, a combined zonal hologram consisting of a transparent holographic first layer (2hl) and a second layer holographic metal (2h2) whose metallic zone (Hmz) comprises a personalization by means of engraving by destructive laser beam (burning), is characterized in that the core (C) comprises a first sheet (Csl) of polycarbonate, in which the combined holographic structure comprising the zonal metal hologram (Hmz) which comprises a personalization by means of a particular hologram comprises adhered destructive laser engraving (burning) performed selectively before and selectively after thermolamination of the core (C) with transparent polycarbonate sheet covers (Lpc); including the personalization laser engraving a recording of personal data and the replica of the facial image of the holder of the identity document; the zone hologram being produced by a PVD method of vaporization of the respective deposit of transparent HRI holographic product and metal holographic product and whose structure comprises a second layer (2a2) on which it comprises a reservoir of the second zone zonal metal holographic layer ( 2h2) and of the first transparent holographic layer (2hl), on which in turn it comprises selectively deposited and selectively adhered a layer selected between a zonal layer (2a4) of encapsulation comprising a product selected between acrylic derivative and lacquer which at its It also contains a fourth layer (3bl) of thermo-adhesive selected from polyurethane-based thermo-adhesive and polyolefin polymer-based thermo-adhesive; and said fourth layer (3bl).

19. INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13-16, characterized in that the holographic structure comprises a first support layer (la) selected between oriented polyester and durable plastic, provided in a configuration selected between a coil and sheets, on whose surface, selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises a deposit of a thin layer (2al) selected from silicone wax, vegetable wax, and carnauba wax / paraffin, on whose surface, selectively prior corona discharge and selectively pretreatment of O2 plasma, comprises a deposit of a layer (2a3) selectively constituted by at least one of the following products: acetate derivative, polyolefin derivative, polypropylene derivative, derivative acrylic, silicone derivative, epoxy derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyethylene terephthalate derivative, and lacquer, and selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises a deposit of a second layer (2a2) of acrylic derivative on whose surface (2'a2) it comprises an engraving (embossing) of the respective indentations of the lines and zones corresponding to the figures and logos (3); selectively prior corona discharge, and selectively prior plasma O2 treatment, comprises a holographic product reservoir selectively made by means of a PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposition method that covers only specific surface lines and areas (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of holographic product and selectively by conventional PVD procedure (physical vapor deposition) covering the entire surface (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) of holographic product, thus constituting the holographic layer (2h) which contains holographic figures and logos (3); selectively prior corona discharge and selectively prior plasma treatment 02, comprises encapsulation of the surface (2'h) of the holographic layer (2h) with a zonal layer (2a4) that depending on the type of application of the holographic laminate thus constituted is selectively formed by one of the following compounds:

- by lacquer that hardens by the action selected between UV light, electronic radiation radiation, and air, by deposit selected from polyolefin derivative PE or polypropylene, thermo-adhesive selected from thermo-adhesive for paper and thermo-adhesive by ethylene-acrylic acid with addition of polyurethane derivative, for application in paper money, passports and visas and documents, and for customizing printing of thermosublimation D2T2,

- by polyvinyl derivative with addition of PVDC (polyvinylchloride chloride) for D2T2 thermosublimation customization printing,

20.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 16 and 18, is characterized in that the holographic deposit of the first layer (2hl) and the second layer (2h2) is made on a second layer composed of different recordable substrates (2a2) that they constitute separate holograms that are integrated into the same identity card.

21. INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the holographic deposit lines and zones of the holographic layer (2h) on the holographic surface (2'h) and the surface areas (2'a2) of the second layer (2a2) not covered by said holographic deposit are encapsulated; said encapsulation comprising, after corona discharge, a layer selected from:

- a lacquer layer that polymerizes and hardens by a process selected from UV light, electronic radiation, and air; a layer of adhesive (2plu) for plastics preferably bi-component based on polyurethane on the one that adheres a third layer (lal), selected from modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol taraphthalate), modified PET-G derivative with micronized carbon additive, and titanium oxide additive with flame suppressor inhibitor;

- a sixth layer (la2) selectively constituted by an adherent layer-base compound (tie-layer) together with modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol taraphthalate), by a modified PET-G derivative with micronized carbon additive with a product selected from a flame suppressor inhibitor, and a titanium oxide additive; which is hot deposited by coextrusion;

- a seventh layer (lg) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, and polyurethane derivative; which is selectively deposited by hot injection, off-set printing, screen printing, and extrusion; - an eighth layer (lf) of thermo-adhesive selectively composed of ethylene-acrylic acid and selectively at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, which is selectively deposited by hot injection, off-set printing, screen printing, and extrusion, for thermolaminating the eighth layer (lf) with a paper from a data sheet selected from a passport, visa and document; - a third layer (lal) attached of modified PET-G derivative which has integrated a radio frequency chip (5c) with flat antenna (5ant), and on said third layer (lal) comprises a deposit deposited selectively, by hot injection, off-set printing, screen printing, and extrusion, further comprising an eighth layer (lf) of thermoadhesive comprising a product selected from ethylene-acrylic acid with polyurethane derivatives, and at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the eighth layer (lf) thus constituted thermolamine with a paper of a sheet selected between a passport and document data sheet; - a ninth layer (le) of polyolefin polymer thermo-adhesive selectively composed of polyethylene, modified polyethylene, and polypropylene, which is deposited by a process selected from hot injection and extrusion.

22.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 21, characterized in that it comprises a central set with n layers (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of modified PET-G that are part of a core (C), which selectively in one of its layers it includes an integrated radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant), and on at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) comprising a third layer (lal), selected from a thermo-laminated layer and an extruded layer which in turn is selected from modified PET-G derivative with generic additive for destructive laser beam etching, and micronized carbon with flame inhibitor suppressor; comprising by deposit on the faces (4e, 4'e) of the first layer (la) and on its entire surface, after corona discharge, selectively by extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, and selectively by thermo tank (hot stamping), a seventh layer (lg) consisting of at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC

(polyvinyldiene chloride) and acrylonitrile; comprising the surface of the seventh layer (lg) an impression of a personalization of personal data and facial image through D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

23.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 22, characterized in that it comprises a core (C) formed by a central assembly with n layers (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of modified PET-G, which selectively one of its layers integrates a radiofrequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant), and that on at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) comprises a third layer (lal) selected between a thermolaminated layer and an extruded layer that at its It is also selected from a modified PET-G derivative with a generic additive for destructive laser beam etching, and micronized carbon with a flame inhibitor suppressant, on whose faces (4e, 4'e) it comprises a prior deposition, corona discharge, selectively by extrusion , hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, and hot stamping; of a layer with a limited and concrete surface (4z) selectively constituted by: - at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, on whose limited surface (4z) of the core, comprises an impression of facial image and personal data by means of D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation; - a conventional compound that absorbs inkjet printing inks and selectively contains gelatin, for personalization with a color inkjet printer;

- at least one of the following elements: pure gelatin, of acrylic derivatives, polymeric derivatives of liamida, and combination thereof, whose surface (4z) comprises personalization with facial image and personal data by means of a photographic system of Diffusion Transfer Reverse by which selectively the negative carrier of the selected image between a color image and an image in grayscale, it is superimposed on the concrete surface (4z) and applying light pressure and in the presence of a photographic developer, said customization is transferred.

24.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 23, characterized in that at least one of the faces (3e, 3e ') of the Central Assembly of the core (C) comprises a customization made selectively with destructive laser beam (burning) and with color thermo-sublimation printing and at least one of said faces (3e, 3e ') of said core (C) comprises a thermolamination with the holographic laminate (2h) to which a configuration has been selectively added on its surface (2'h) of layers selected from: - a lacquer layer consisting of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action selected from ultraviolet (UV) light, electronic radiation, and air; a layer of adhesive (2plu) for two-component polyurethane-based plastics onto which a third layer (lal) adheres, selected from a modified derivative PET-G (polyethylene glycol taraphthalate), a modified PET-G derivative with a micronized carbon additive with inhibitor flame suppressor, and a titanium oxide additive;

- a sixth coextruded layer (la2) with a compound selected from a base-layer adherent (tie-layer) together with modified PET-G derivative (polyethylene glycol taraphthalate), a modified PET-G derivative with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, and a titanium oxide additive; - a seventh layer (lg) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, and polyurethane derivative;

- a third layer (lal) of modified PET-G derivative that has integrated a radio frequency chip (5c) with flat antenna (5ant), and a ninth layer (le) of polyolefin polymer thermoadhesive; so that the holographic layer is burned and irreversibly damaged when trying to modify and retouch, by means of laser engraving through the holographic layer (2h), the facial image features and personal data originally recorded directly with laser beam on the core.

25.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 24, characterized in that it comprises a symmetrical structure of layers selected between thermo-laminated layers on both sides (3e, 3'e), of the central assembly (Cl, C2, .. Cn) of the core (C) and layers integrated in the middle of the central assembly of said core (C); said thermolaminated layers being constituted by a tenth layer (Ib) selected between polyester and polycarbonate, on whose faces they are adhered by means of adhesive (2plu), of polyurethane base, third layers (lal) of PET-G modified derivative selectively with additive for laser engraving, with micronized carbon, and selectively with micronized carbon additive, and on the outer faces of the third layers (lal) comprises a deposit of a seventh layer (lg) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative , PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride) and acrylonitrile; and the layers integrated in the middle of the core (C) being constituted by a tenth layer (Ib) selected from polyester and PC polycarbonate, on whose faces it is adhered with adhesive, preferably with polyurethane base adhesive (2plu), a third opaque layer ( lal) of modified derivative of PET-G.

26.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 25, characterized in that the back cover of a document comprises a tenth layer (Ib) of polyester on which it comprises, after effect discharge corona, a deposit of one layer of adhesive (2plu) for polyurethane-based plastics to which a third layer (lal) of modified PET-G derivative which comprises a product selected from micronized carbon additive and oxide additive adheres titanium, comprising the inside of the tenth layer (Ib) security prints selected from logos, figures and shields, UV inks and OVI inks (optical variable ink).

27.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 26, characterized in that it comprises a thermo-laminated combination of a holographic structure, a core and a back cover to obtain specific document structures, identity cards, passports and visas.

28.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13 to 27, characterized in that the lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the selected action between UV light, electronic radiation, and air, is selected from multifunctional monomers based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners ) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and their versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water; and because because the recordable plastic (shim embossable plastic) is constituted by at least one of the following products: acrylic derivative, acetate derivative, polyolefin derivative, polypropylene derivative, epoxy derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyethylene terephthalate derivative.

29.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claims 13-28, characterized in that the constituent elements of at least one of the layers: first polyester layer (la) of the protective sheet, thin layer (2al) selectively constituted by polymerizable lacquer, by primer deposit, by silicone wax preferably of carnauba wax, and the second layer (2a2) of the acrylic derivatives of the respective holographic laminate of both transparent and metallized HRI type, comprises an aggregate in its mass of an additive selected from a generic additive for laser engraving and a micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, to perform custom engraving of surface structures by destructive laser beam (burning).

30.- INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE, according to claim 13, characterized in that the first layer (la) is selectively of a container, of a packaging surface, and of a container label selectively constituted by oriented polyester, by durable plastic (durable plastic) .