ES2220222B1 - PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AN INTEGRAL PLASTIC STRUCTURE AND OBTAINED STRUCTURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure and structure obtained. It includes obtaining a holographic structure that includes a deposit of a holographic product (7) that forms a holographic layer (2h); and it is characterized in that the holographic product deposit is carried out selectively by means of SZn, TiOx, SIOx, ZrOx, Al, Bi, or Ag, and is limited only to specific areas and lines, corresponding to the holographic figures (3); on a surface of a layer (1a1) of a container, packaging surface or a label; or on a surface (2''a2) of a layer (2a2) of documents, identity and credit cards, passports and visas. It provides the encapsulation of the holographic tank (2h) by adding different alternative layers for high security protection.

Description

Procedure for obtaining a structure integral plastic and structure obtained.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates both to a procedure to obtain an integral plastic structure such as to the structure obtained, which comprises a holographic structure which includes a holographic product deposit of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, metallic aluminum Al, silver Ag or bismuth Bi, limited to zones and concrete holographic laminate substrate lines along with three differentiated alternative deposit procedures by vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, as at different specific basic structures of very high holographic laminate security where the holographic product deposit alone and it is only carried out in the areas and lines of the substrate that correspond to the figures, logos, shields with product Holographic

The invention is applicable in obtaining documents, identity and credit cards, passports and visas In addition, the application of the three holographic deposit procedures limited to zones and specific and specific lines of the substrate, to obtain holographic sheets for packaging, for packaging and for holographic packaging protection labels high security.

The present invention also relates to encapsulation of the lines and zones of this holographic deposit specifically limited to those areas of the substrate, by adding different layer structures depending on the type Document customization. These specific structures of Laminate or holographic cover are both HRI type (high reflection index) transparent as with metallic holographic layer High security Al for document and card protection of identity and credit in general and in particular for effective protection against fraudulent manipulations of identity documents whose structures are also subject to The patent. Such holographic covers or holographic laminates of both types apply specifically to documents integrally plastics like paper-backed documents such as passport books and visas. These laminates holographic so structured specifically integrated in turn in the different types of documents consisting entirely of plastic materials that heat and heat weld together solidary form constituting a card that is damaged and broken irreversibly in fraudulent delamination attempts and separation of its layers.

The high security conferred by different Holographic laminate embodiments of the present invention are based primarily on encapsulation of the deposit layer holographic, as well as specific protection measures and safety enhancement that are additionally applied to laminates holographic produced by the conventional procedure and which are part of the present invention. The invention also relates to the configuration and specific adaptation of the plastic layers both the holographic laminate itself and the core of the document and rear protective cover so that the different customization modalities, that is color printing by the thermosublimation system, by color inkjet, by laser printing with color toner and laser engraving destructive (burning) respectively of spectrum source infrared, or green or blue, of both the facial image and the personal data and signature and imprint of the document holder. The document structures provided in this patent invention provide for the combined customization of several of these customization modalities in different layers or strata, to give the document high security.

The invention also relates to adaptation in solidarity with the plastic structure of the document card Identity of the 2 types of holographic protection, either HRI type (high reflexion index) transparent or holographic tank Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or Bi bismuth, with demetalization after your deposit, so that they are integrated and encapsulated in solidarity said holographic protection structures object of the invention within the plastic structure of identity cards and documents in their possible variants, applying a generic adhesive for plastics or selectively a two-component polyurethane based adhesive to adhere directly the holographic layer of the holographic laminate to the structure of the card and encapsulating said holographic layer so that it is thermo-laminated with the rest of the card structure identity constituting a non-delaminable body to placate heat and common reagents and solvents.

Background of the invention

So far in the identification market There are the following types of holographic laminates:

- Aluminum and metal holographic laminates polymeric holographic laminates with vacuum vaporization of metallic deposit, usually aluminum. Both laminates are opaque and therefore cannot effectively protect a document from identity by transparency once the layers have been heat-laminated constitutive of said document. Therefore they apply as a Security element with deterrence. Have these two types of holographic laminates the drawback that they can be cut from the original document and reused in documents fraudulently reproduced from the respective documents originals, with change of personal data and fundamentally with replacement of the original printed facial image with another identity that usually with both types of laminates Holographic can only be protected in a testimonial way. Such opaque metallic laminates are applied in documents of Identity and driving license cards of both PVC and polycarbonate

- HRI transparent holographic laminates (high reflexion index) based on deposit of SZn or TiO_ {2} that are transparent and therefore could protect both the Facial image printed or recorded with laser beam as to the data personnel of a thermo-laminated identity document. Until now it has not been possible to apply this type in a practical and effective way of transparent HRI laminate for various reasons inherent in the HRI laminate's own technological structure for protection effective identity documents against reproduction and fraudulent manipulation and falsification thereof. exist therefore already unsatisfactory accumulated experiences in Identity documents with HRI holographic laminate. On one side, It is not possible to apply this type of holographic laminate in integral polycarbonate (PC) documents due to high hardness of the PC with the serious drawback that for thermolaminar and heat welding the different layers of the document is necessary to apply temperatures above 195 ° C surface melting of the PC, with what is not possible to use transparent HRI holograms of protection of PC documents since that temperature is damaged irreversibly the holographic layer HRI. On the other hand, until now HRI holographic laminates have deficiencies structural that make the carrier layer of polyester is deslamine and separated by the prolonged action of water (after 24 hours delamination or separation occurs) which is a serious inconvenience for high identity documents security. Likewise, the HRI thermo-laminated holographic laminate in a document or identity card, is delaminated and separated without damage  apparent any with the action of solvents and chemical reagents as common as acetone, hydrocarbon ammonia etc ... which It represents a serious inconvenience to document security of identity since said HRI holographic laminate can therefore be reused fraudulently in another document reproduced from original with facial image replaced by another identity.

It is necessary to add that also the laminates opaque metallized holographics suffer equally though in minor measurement of the delamination problems mentioned.

Summing up these arguments it is found that all  the holographic laminates of the market have the very serious drawback that the holographic layer that covers all the surface is of a thickness not exceeding 10 µ and constitutes the weak point for fraudulent document delamination thermolaminates

The present invention thus relates to specific basic structures of holographic laminates of both HRI type transparent as metallic aluminum type, in the that the deposit of the holographic product is made in areas very defined and concrete substrate that allows the encapsulated between layers of said figures, logos and shields holographic, so that the respective documents and cards of Thermo-laminated identity is not delaminated by continued action of water or the action of solvents and reagents common chemicals, and are always irreversibly damaged in delamination attempts.

Description of the invention

The present invention, as defined in The Claims basically consist of a procedure that It includes obtaining a holographic structure, both of type HRI transparent (high reflexion index) as laminate metallic holographic that includes a deposit of a product holographic forming a holographic layer; it is characterized because the holographic product deposit is made selectively by SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), or silver (Ag); and because said deposit is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on a surface of a layer selected from durable plastic polycarbonate (PC) or oriented polyester; or on a surface of a layer, selected from acrylic or lacquer derivative that polymerizes and hardens by the selective action of light ultraviolet (UV) or by the action of electronic radiation.

Three alternative procedures are planned differentiated deposit of the holographic product by vaporization in vacuum, as well as specific laminate structures Holographic very high security where the product deposit holographic alone and only carried out in areas and lines of the substrate corresponding to the figures, logos, shields with holographic product. For this purpose the invention provides 2 specific basic structures of roofs or laminates holographic of both transparent type HRI and type metallized, in which by two of the procedures differentiated tank alternatives by vacuum vaporization, object of the present invention, the deposit is made zonally holographic figures and logos on the substrate limited to the constituent engraving lines of said figures and logos Likewise, the object of the present invention is the encapsulation of said lines and holographic zones of figures and logos by adding different alternative layers for high security protection of different types of Documents and identity cards.

They are therefore object of the present invention the three alternative layer deposition procedures holographic applied to three differentiated processes: the first of them, the conventional PVD procedure (physical vapor deposition) of holographic deposit in continuous process on coil in vacuum vaporization chamber covering the surface full of the support supported by the polyester sheet with the holographic deposit, duly modified, as is described below according to the process of the invention, so that it only partially covers said support in the lines and areas of holographic figures and logos and thus increase the security of the resulting holographic laminate by encapsulation of said holographic deposit. The second PVD procedure also object of the invention, is a specific PVD process in continuous and in holographic tank coil by vacuum vaporization or at atmospheric pressure, in specific and localized areas of the element holographic deposited using an endless belt in which have performed the perforations corresponding to the figures and logos for the passage of the holographic deposit through them. He third vacuum vaporization tank procedure is Performs on substrate specifications. The invention provides a Vaporization holographic product deposit procedure in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure that is performed on the substrate cut into individualized sheets of the holographic laminate in instead of making said deposit on coil. To do this constitutes said holographic laminate by a polyester sheet or of PC on which the acrylic derivative layer is deposited or preferably of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation. This set is cut into sheets each of which is previously hot embossing with the metal engraving tool (shims) designed to produce the respective slits that they constitute the holographic figures and logos. Below on the mentioned surface is printed with silicone derivative and selectively with oil compound or vegetable wax and preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin around the lines and areas where they have already been recorded (hot embossing) the slits, respective of the Holographic figures and logos. Then the sheets are introduced in a stacker-feeder, which by means of roller sets, individually transport each sheet through the slot gate and held by lateral guides, to a vacuum PVD vaporization chamber or to atmospheric pressure of the holographic product that is vaporized selectively by heating, by magnetron effect (sputtering), by ionic ray, by electron beam, or by arc; the passage of each sheet through the chamber (vaporization produces the holographic deposit on the surface (2'a2) covering only free areas of silicone derivative printing; as This prevents the holographic product from being deposited. The sheets already provided with holographic deposit then they are transported by the respective drive wheels of the side guides and by the rollers to the output stacker; so that the rollers are driven synchronously by a stepper motor that is controlled by a processor through the step signals and positioning of each sheet as it passes through sensors Optoelectronics Then the sheets (8ps) are cleaned in a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma O2 where detaches the silicone derivative, and where appropriate synthetic oil generic of the respective printed areas.

Of these two specific basic structures of holographic covers or laminates are derived structures very concrete holographic laminates, also object of the present invention, by adding specific plastic layers that specifically adapt and integrate the complete heat holographic laminates of both types to the respective different structures of each identity document and to each of the different ways of personalizing them, either by D2T2 thermal sublimation printing (Dye Diffussion Thermal Transfer) on the core either directly on the inner face of the holographic laminate itself (system Re-Transfer) either by laser engraving destructive (both infrared, green and blue) or combination of different customization modalities on a same document to obtain a higher security of the same. They also form an essential part of the present invention. the specific structures of the document core or card identity to adapt to the different modalities of personalization and that weld in solidarity with the respective roof structure or holographic sheet (both HRI and metallized) object of the present invention.

In the structuring of the constituent layers of the two specific basic configurations of holographic cover or laminate, object of the invention, adhesives composed of PVDC (polyvinylchloride) with the addition of vinyl and optionally of chloronitrile or lacquers have been optionally applied specials that quickly harden in a few seconds by polymerization by the action of UV light (photonic action) or by the action of electron radiation or primers of both mono and bicomponent polyurethane derivatives. With this, one has a very high adhesion of the holographic layer with its respective protective sheet of polyester (or other durable plastic) and on the other hand the encapsulated holographic laminate becomes completely resistant to both the prolonged action of the water and the action of a wide range of common reagents and solvents so that in all cases delamination of the holographic laminate occurs, giving it irreversible. Since the special lacquer applied thus hardened by the respective action of UV light or electronic radiation is highly resistant to scratching and wear although the delamination of the polyester protective layer of the holographic laminate occurs, said special lacquer thus hardened would continue protecting the holographic layer so highly
effective.

The two specific basic structures of holographic cover or laminate, object of the invention, is configure and join respectively with the following constituent components and elements:

A. A transparent oriented polyester sheet or PC, or durable plastic, as a stand (carrier) on whose surface a corona discharge and on which a thin layer is deposited of generic primer for plastics or selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, derived from polyurethane and preferably said layer is made of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light and, where appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation Said lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomers based on polyols such as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates such as binders formed by at least one of the following Elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, including its dilutable versions and Water emulsifiable. A layer is deposited in turn Acrylic compound layer.

On said support surface in both indicated modalities, the holographic product, having previously made the engraving directly hot (embossing) the slits with the tool metal engraving (shims) designed with the corresponding Figures and logos

B. A sheet of transparent oriented polyester or PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic (durable plastic), as a carrier (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge has previously been made and on which lacquer is deposited with one of the systems: offset or with flexograph system, in coil a layer that covers the entire surface of the coil, or formed by a grid of fine lines or points. Said applied lacquer polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or, if appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation, and is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomer acrylates based on polyols as thinner reactive diluents or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and their corresponding water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions. On said indicated surfaces, the hot grooves (embossing) are engraved directly with a metal engraving tool (shims) designed with the corresponding figures and logos; the product is then deposited by vacuum vaporization
Holographic

Of each of these two structures as well constituted you get a coil that is processed in a chamber of tank by vacuum vaporization in which the vaporization is selectively produced by heating, by magnetron effect (sputtering), by arc action, by ionic beam action, of at less a holographic deposit product of at least one of the elements consisting of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, zirconium oxide, Al Aluminum, Ag silver or Bi bismuth. The holographic deposit on the surface on which the grooves of the Engraving lines of figures and logos (embossing), is done to through perforations made on a tape or band without metallic or plastic end flowing together with the support in coil to be deposited inside the vaporization chamber  by vacuum or at atmospheric pressure dragged by corresponding rollers through the respective grooves of camera entrance. The aforementioned perforations correspond to the lines of the figures and logos template, so that they have practiced the punched and negative perforations that are much wider and much wider than the corresponding ones of the original design and allow the passage of the deposit widely vaporized holographic covering only the corresponding ones areas on the substrate surface of the coil that already contains the lines and areas of the respective embossing; the cited tape with punched holes of the figures and Negative logos moves synchronously with the support of the coil to be deposited with controlled holographic product by sensors that through a processor acts on the motor of dragging of said tape or perforated band in order to adjust the positioning of the same with respect to the areas where in the coil support embossing of the slits corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos Holographic The rewind of the coil is carried out so continuous at uniform speed depending on deposit thickness of the holographic product deposit that has been calculated previously.

The continuous deposit process of Vacuum vaporization of the holographic product, object of the In this invention, this holographic deposit is achieved perform on very specific and specific areas so that the surface that forms the lines that constitute the figures and logos recorded holographic (embossing) remain without deposit what it allows encapsulating the recorded lines and areas (embossing) of the mentioned holographic deposit with the different types of layer of enclosure that are contained in the present invention and that they confer a very high closing adhesion and therefore security.

Of these two basic structures A and B of Holographic cover or laminate are derived by adding layers specific plastics to encapsulate the holographic layer and so same make the different document structures viable combined with the corresponding customization modalities of the different possible document configurations of identity, so that they heat solidaryly constituting very high security documents that are irreversibly damaged in any fraudulent attempt at delamination and manipulation.

The holographic layer is encapsulated by respective addition of the following layer configurations on the holographic surface of the two basic structures of Holographic covers A and B:

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download is done previously of corona effect and then, on the holographic face, it deposit a layer preferably with polymerizing lacquer and hardens by the action of UV light and, where appropriate, by the action of electronic radiation, so that the lacquer is constituted selectively by multifunctional monomer acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates  as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water.

?

download is done previously of corona effect and then, on the holographic face, it apply generic adhesive for plastics preferably two-component polyurethane base that adheres a derivative layer modified PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol) and preferably derivative PET-G modified with micronized carbon additive and with a flame suppressor inhibitor and, if appropriate, with an oxide additive  Titanium

?

download is done previously crown effect and then on the holographic face, it hot deposit by coextrusion of the generic compound adherent layer-base (tie-layer) together with the modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate  polyethylene glycol) and preferably derivative PET-G modified with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor and, if applicable, with oxide additive Titanium

?

download is done previously crown effect and then on the holographic face, it deposit selectively by hot injection, or by off-set printing, or by printing serigraphic, or by extrusion, a layer consisting of at minus one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, derived from polyurethane.

?

download is done previously crown effect and then on the holographic face, it deposit selectively by hot injection, or by off-set printing, or by printing serigraphic, or by extrusion, a layer of thermoadhesive preferably composed of acid ethylene-acrylic and alternatively for at least two  of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acids acrylics, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the layer thus constituted thermolamine with. the role of the datasheet of passport or document in general.

?

download is done previously crown effect and then selectively deposited by hot injection or by extrusion, a layer of Polyolefin polymer thermoadhesive composed of polyethylene or by modified polyethylene, or by polypropylene.

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as an alternative modality for perform the encapsulation, effect discharge is previously performed crown and then on the holographic face adhesive is applied generic for plastics preferably bicomponent base polyurethane that adheres the layer consisting of a sheet of modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol) with or without carbon additive micronized that has embedded and integrated a chip of radio frequency with its respective antenna. Then you selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer already described, so that thermolamine with the paper of the passport or visa data sheet or document in general, providing it with a security chip.

The object of the present invention is also the structure of a core (C) comprising a central assembly with 1 to n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of modified PET-G,  and on at least one of its faces is thermo-laminated or extruded a modified PET-G derivative layer with additive Generic for engraving by destructive laser beam, or additive of Micronized carbon with a flame inhibitor suppressor, in one of its Layers includes an integrated radio frequency chip with antenna, and on whose face it is deposited, after discharge of corona effect, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, injection into hot, screen printing, corrosive printing, by thermodeposit (hot stamping), a layer constituted in all its surface selectively by at least one of the elements following: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, so that on this last surface, it print the personalization of personal data and facial image by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

The object of the invention is also the specific structuring of the core of the identity document to allow the specific customization mode and get a complete heat weld both between the layers constitutive of said core as with the protective covers or Holographic laminates forming a non-delalable body. For to obtain this result, a nucleus (C) is constituted that It comprises n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of PET-G modified, one of whose layers includes an integrated chip of radio frequency with antenna, and on at least one of its faces is thermolamine or a modified derivative layer is coextruded PET-G with generic additive for lightning engraving Destructive laser, or micronized carbon additive with suppressor flame inhibitor, on whose face it is deposited in turn, previous corona discharge, by one of the following procedures:  extrusion, injection. hot, screen printing, corrosive printing, by hot stamping, a layer with a specific limited area and over a specific area, constituted by one of the following products:

?

Selectively for at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (chloride polyvinyldiene), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative, form that on the limited surface of the core, the personalization of facial image and personal data through D2T2 thermosublimation color printing.

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By generic compound for printing with inkjet system and alternatively containing jelly, for customization with color printer inkjet

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For at least one of the following elements: pure gelatin, acrylic derivatives, polyamide polymer derivatives, or combination thereof, so that the limited surface thus covered is personalized with the facial image through the photographic system of Transfer by Reverse Diffusion whereby the negative bearer of the color image or in grayscale, it is superimposed on the surface or area limited and applying light pressure and in the presence of a developer photographic, in whose operation the facial image is transferred and in your case the footprint, signature and text to the mentioned surface limited

Similarly, one or both sides of the core consisting of layers of modified PET-G derivative, previous discharge of corona effect, they are treated superficially on which it is deposited, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, printing corrosive, by hot stamping, a thin layer of up to approximately 15-20 µm over the entire surface, constituted by modified derivative of PET-G with generic additive for laser engraving or micronized carbon additive or of titanium oxide and with a flame inhibitor suppressor, so that on the surface of the core so constituted is recorded with destructive laser beam (burning) the corresponding customization of the identity document, of the facial image, ghost image (ghost facial image) and personal data.

The object of the invention is also the insertion on both sides of the core or in the center of it of a polyester or polycarbonate sheet that compensate for stresses of the different layers once the document has been heat-laminated. To both faces of said sheet are adhered by adhesive preferably Polyurethane-based modified derivative sheets of PET-G (polyethylene-taraphthalate-glycol).

The present invention contains the structure specific of the outer protective back cover of the identity document adapted and compatible for both obtain a single body or delaminable in thermolamination with the specific core that is also the subject of this invention. Said cover is constituted by a sheet of durable polyester or plastic to which it has adhered with preferably polyurethane based adhesive a derivative layer PET-G modified.

The present invention provides that as a stage prior to each of the layer deposit, deposit processes of adhesive, holographic product deposit, lacquer printing, printing with silicone or oil derivative, object of the structuring and production of all structures of the present invention, prior activation treatment of the corresponding surface with vacuum oxygen plasma 0 2 and  selectively vacuum plasma of hydrogen H2, and where appropriate with the corresponding atmospheric plasma. In this way the Adhesion between layers increases by a factor that exceeds 200.

The present invention contains by way of example, 3 preferred identity document structures of the many possible that can be constituted with the elements corresponding that are object of the present invention. Each of these 3 structures refers to a combination of said constitutive elements that give the highest security to identity document against delamination and manipulation fraudulent, reproduction and forgery.

The invention relates to the elements constituting the holographic laminate to which at least one of its layers: either the polyester layer of the protective sheet, and be the layer consisting of lacquer selectively polymerizable by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, or either the primer layer, or even the derivatives layer Acrylics of the respective holographic laminate, both HRI type transparent as metallic type, it is added in its mass selectively a generic additive for laser engraving or a Micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, for perform custom engraving of CLI structures (change laser image) on surface by destructive laser beam (burning).

Also the deposit procedures of holographic product limited to specific areas and lines on the substrate, object of the present invention are applicable to the holographic deposit directly on the sheet of a container or packaging surface, or constituted packaging label selectively by polyester oriented or durable plastic (durable plastic).

Brief description of the figures

A series of figures are described below. in which illustrative and non-limiting are represented different embodiments of the invention

Figure 1.- schematically represents the basic structure A of one of the holographic laminates object of the present invention, in which the embossing layer that constitutes the holographic layer is composed of acrylic derivative which in turn carries a layer of primer or a thin layer layer of a special lacquer polymerizable by the action of light W or of electronic radiation that adheres to the cover of polyester.

Figure 2.- schematically represents the another basic structure B of the holographic laminates object of the present invention, in which the polymerizable special lacquer layer by the action of UV light or electronic radiation is directly recorded (embossing) and on it is deposited by Vacuum vaporization of the holographic layer.

Figure 3.- schematically represents a basic structure of a holographic laminate object of the present invention It is constituted by a structure of a conventional holographic laminate in which the engraving layer (embossing) is composed of acrylic derivative on which deposits the holographic layer on its entire surface. Between the layer acrylic and polyester cover is printed or deposited a very thin silicone or synthetic wax emulsion film silicone. On the holographic layer it adheres with base adhesive  polyurethane a new layer that can be modified derivative PET-G or polyester.

Figure 4.- schematically represents the process of separating the polyester layer from the structure of holographic sheet in which the coil is treated by hot.

Figure 5.- schematically represents the development of a basic holographic laminate structure by printing a grid of points or very fine lacquer lines that polymerize by the action of UV light and on which is deposited layer of acrylic compound and the set is polymerized in continuous process by UV lamp and on which in turn the engraving (embossing) and deposit by vacuum vaporization of the holographic layer in PVD process Conventional in continuous or in asynchronous PVD process.

Figure 6.- schematically represents a Example of holographic final deposit design.

Figure 7.- schematically represents the modification of a holographic PVD deposit chamber by vacuum vaporization to carry out the PVD coil process and in continuous holographic deposit through perforations practiced in an endless band or band.

Figure 7a.- represents schematically a PVD holographic tank chamber by vacuum vaporization for the realization of the holographic deposit process over zones specific and limited substrate in laminate sheets Holographic

Figure 7b.- represents schematically The wax-paraffin removal process of holographic laminate substrate carnauba.

Figure 8.- schematically represents a Embossing design shield detail on which the holographic layer is deposited by vacuum vaporization.

Figure 8a.- represents schematically the perforations corresponding to the lines of a figure holographic that by way of example is a shield, made in the tape or band flowing in the deposit chamber coincidentally with the substrate in coil.

Figure 9.- schematically represents the Endless belt configuration provided with perforations and stamped in negative through which it is deposited, on the zone of the corresponding layer of the polyester sheet, the vaporized holographic product covering the lines and areas that they form the engraved figures and logos (embossing).

Figure 9a.- represents schematically the areas that are covered with the paraffin wax impression of carnauba or silicone compound leaving areas uncovered where the embossing of the figures and logos to be deposited with the compound Holographic

Figure 10.- represents schematically the final structure of the holographic deposit that is conveniently covered by one of the layer structures object of the present invention which in turn encapsulate said holographic deposit.

Figure 11.- represents schematically and by way of example how to complete, close and encapsulate the holographic layer relative to the basic structure A, with a layer of PET-G derivative bonded sheet with or without additive Engraving by destructive laser beam (burning).

Figure 12 represents schematically and a example mode how to complete, close and encapsulate the layer holographic relative to the basic structure A, with coextrusion together with its corresponding base layer (tie-layer) of a derivative layer PET-G with or without laser engraving additive destructive

Figure 13.- represents schematically and a example mode how to complete, close and encapsulate the layer holographic relative to the basic structure A through the deposit of a layer consisting of at least one of the elements following: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, derived from polyurethane.

Figure 14.- represents schematically and a example mode how to complete, close and encapsulate the layer holographic relative to the basic structure A, by deposit of ethylene-acrylic acids with polyurethane, for thermolamination to protect a passport book and visas

Figure 14a.- represents schematically and a example mode how to complete, close and encapsulate the layer holographic relative to the basic structure A, by deposit of ethylene-acrylic acids with polyurethane, for thermo lamination as protection of passport book and visas, in whose PET-G layer has been inserted and Integrated a radio frequency chip with antenna.

Figure 15.- represents schematically and a example mode how to complete, close and encapsulate the layer holographic relative to the basic structure A, on whose face internally a layer of thermo adhesive has been deposited directly composed of polyolefin polymers or polyethylene polymer or of modified polyethylene or polypropylene.

Figure 16.- represents schematically a core of a document consisting of derivative sheets PET-G modified, with or without engraving additive by laser beam or micronized carbon, in which on one or both sides from it a thin layer composed of PVDC has been deposited with optional addition of vinyl and acrylonitrile derivatives and polyurethane that allows color printing customization by the D2T2 (Dye Diffussion Thermal Transfer) system of thermosublimation.

Figure 17.- represents schematically a core of an identity document consisting of plates of PET-G modified derivative with or without additive of Engraved by laser or micronized carbon, in one or both faces thereof, has been deposited in a specific area, which according to the type or modality of customization is constituted a fine cap.

Figure 18.- represents schematically a protective back cover of a constituted document by polyester sheet to which it has adhered, by adhesive Two-component polyurethane, a derivative layer PET-G with or without additive for customization by the laser engraving system.

Figure 19.- schematically represents a sheet of polyester or PC that is sandwiched in the middle of the core of figures 16 and 17 to compensate for structural stresses of the thermo-laminated document symmetrizing its structure.

Figures 19a and 19b.- represent schematically and by way of example, the polyester or PC sheet that it is thermolaminated on both sides of the core of figures 16 and 17, to compensate for structural stresses of the thermo-laminated document symmetrizing its structure.

Figure 20.- shows by way of example a of the possible preferred identity document structures that result from combining the structures of the elements constitutives object of the present invention, with customization on the combined core of both thermosublimation printing D2T2 color of the facial image of the holder on the inner face of the front cover holographic laminate, as of Customization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the core Personal data and ghost image. The structure shown has the tension compensation sheet inserted polyester, or PC, shown in Figure 19, in the center of the nucleus.

Figure 21.- shows by way of example another of the possible preferred identity document structures that result from combining the structures of the elements constitutives object of the present invention, with customization combined with both D2T2 color thermosublimation printing of the facial image of the holder on the specific surface area limited, such as customization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the personal data and the phantom image in the front of the document and printing of thermosublimation or Termoresina on the back face. In the center of the core has integrated polyester tension compensation sheet, or PC, shown in figure 19.

Figure 22.- represents an example of another of the possible preferred structures of documents of identity that result from combining the structures of constituent elements object of the present invention, with combined customization on the core surface of both D2T2 color printing of phantom thermal sublimation, as customization by laser beam engraving on both sides of  the personal data and the facial image of the owner about the specific area of limited surface. The structure is endowed of polyester tension compensation sheets, or PC, integrated on both sides of the document core.

Description of the preferred embodiment of the invention

It includes obtaining a structure Holographic, both transparent HRI type (high reflex index) as of metallic holographic laminate (Al), in which it is made a deposit of a holographic product selectively from SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), or silver (Ag) for obtain a holographic layer (2h) (figures 1,2 and 3); said deposit it is done limited only to specific areas and lines well on a surface (2'a2) of a layer (2a2) of a structure holographic, consisting of acrylic derivative or lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of ultraviolet light (UJ) or by the action of electronic radiation according to the type of lacquer applied; or making said holographic product deposit limited to specific areas and lines directly on a surface of a layer (1a) of oriented polyester or plastic durable in the case of packaging, plastic sheets for packaging or packaging labels In the latter case the holographic structure only consists of said layer (1a).

The preferred embodiment of the invention provides 3 differentiated holographic product deposit procedures which are described below.

PVD process (physical vapor deposition) of holographic tank in continuous on coil, in which first place is done hot embossing with a useful metal engraving (shims) designed to produce the respective slits that constitute holographic figures and logos (3) (figure 6), on the surface (2 'a2) of the layer (2a2) (figures 1 and 2), in coil (8a) (figure 7). Then a continuous printing on the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) and on the zones (17) (figure 9a), around the lines that they form the figures and logos (3) (figure 6), which have already been engraved (embossing), selectively with synthetic silicone wax, with silicone emulsion, with natural vegetable oils, preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin, thus covering all the free zones of the coil (8a) that do not have Engraving lines (embossing) in the holographic layer (2h) (figures 1 and 2), but leaving enough uncovered space on both sides of the mentioned embossing lines (17) (figure 9a). TO then it is done on the entire surface like this cover (17 and area of figures and logos 3), a PVD deposit by vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, in continuous process, of the holographic element (7), which as indicated is consisting of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or Bi (bismuth), so that said product (7) is not deposited in the zone (17), by the action of continuous deposition performed over that area. Optionally and as a security measure, then print with a specific lacquer that hardens by the action of UV light of all lines and areas that have already been covered by the holographic product deposit, protecting it and thus encapsulating said holographic deposits corresponding to the area of the figures and logos (3). The next continuous process phase consists in carrying out the elimination and cleaning of the areas (17) that were covered with the impression of paraffin wax of carnauba or silicone derivative (17) (Figure 9a), by vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma O2, whereby the silicone derivative is released. This cleaning can also be done by applying a solvent of the silicone derivative, or where appropriate solvent of carnauba wax-paraffin, whose action is detaches said derivative from the surface (2'h) of a coil (8b), leaving only the deposit of holographic product deposited on the surfaces (2h) corresponding to the logos and figures (3) Figure 6, on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure

The embodiment of the invention provides a Vaporization holographic product deposit procedure in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure that is performed on the substrate (2a2) (figures 2 and 7a) cut into individual sheets of the holographic laminate instead of making said deposit on coil. For this purpose, said holographic laminate is constituted by a polyester or PC sheet (1a) on which the layer is deposited (2a2) of acrylic derivative or preferably of lacquer which polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of Electronic radiation This set is cut into sheets (8pe) (figure 7a) each of which is previously recorded (hot embossing) with the metal engraving tool (shims) designed to produce the respective grooves that constitute holographic figures and logos (3) (figure 6). Then on the surface (2'a2) is printed with silicone derivative and selectively with oil compound or vegetable wax and preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin around the lines and zones (17, figure 9a) where they have already been Hot embossing the slits, respectively of holographic figures and logos. Then the sheets are inserted in a stacker-feeder (12stf) (figure 7a), which by means of roller sets (12'r) carries individually to each sheet through the slot gate (11ce) and supported by lateral guides, to a chamber (10) of PVD vaporization in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure of the product holographic (7) which is selectively vaporized by heating, by magnetron effect (sputtering), by ionic ray, by ray of electrons, or by arc; the passage of each sheet (8pe) through the vacuum vaporization chamber (10) produces the deposit holographic (2h) above the surface (2'a2) covering only free areas of silicone derivative printing; since this one prevents the holographic product from being deposited (7). The sheets (8ps) already provided with holographic deposit below are transported by the respective drive wheels of the guides lateral and by rollers (12r) to the output stacker (12sto); so that the rollers (12r) are driven synchronously by a stepper motor (13eng) that is controlled by a processor through the passing and positioning signals of each sheet (8pe) as it passes through optoelectronic sensors (lis). Then the sheets (8ps) are cleaned in a vacuum chamber with plasma of oxygen O2 where the silicone derivative is released, and in where appropriate the generic synthetic oil of the respective zones printed.

The preferred embodiment of the invention provides a third PVD procedure (physical vapor deposition) deposit Continuous holographic on coil, in a deposit chamber by vaporization in vacuum (10) or at atmospheric pressure (figure 7), in which vaporization occurs by heating, by effect magnetron (sputtering), by ionic ray, electron beam, by arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7). Said holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) (figures 1 and 2), of a holographic structure, Includes: previously hot embossing with the tool metal engraving (shims) designed to produce the respective slits that constitute holographic figures and logos (3) (figure 6), on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then, through a camera PVD vaporization tank in vacuum (10) or at atmospheric pressure (figure 7), the vaporization of at least one product is carried out holographic deposit (7); the holographic product deposit Vaporized is done through perforations (16), figures (8a and 9), which correspond to the figures and logos perforated in negative in the form of tables (11) figure 9, repetitive and that one after another they have been practiced on a metal band (12cp) or Endless plastic Said band (12cp) rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8) flowing through the gates of slot (11cp) so that the perforations (16) in negative correspond in the form of mask-template, to areas where the grooves of the hot embossing of the lines of the figures and Holographic design logos (3). The aforementioned perforations (16) are wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the original design (3), to allow wide passage to through the perforations of the vaporized holographic tank and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2'a2) that contain the lines and areas of the engravings (embossing) respective. The tape (12cp) is dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) passing through the tank chamber (10) by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) that detect preprinted marks  on said coil (8a) and on the tape (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), so that it is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching coil (12cp) and coil positioning (8a); a pressure system consisting of a plate (13sp) and selectively by a band system and its corresponding drive rollers, press the roll of the coil (8a) to the tape (12cp) during the passage of both through the deposit chamber (10) PVD; the holographic surface (2h) deposited with product holographic only in the planned areas where they were performed the slits corresponding to the holographic figures and logos It is continuously rewound in the coil (8b).

In another embodiment of the invention of holographic laminate structure, on a sheet (1a) of Transparent oriented polyester or PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic (durable plastic) on whose surface previously a corona effect discharge has been performed, it deposit a layer (2a1) (figure 1), using a printing system (6) (figure 5). In this case the layer (2a1) is printed forming a reticle of fine lines and selectively of points, preferably with lacquer with pre-contact additive drying with the air (touch-air hardener) that polymerizes and finally hardens by the action of UV light, or by the action of electronic radiation Said lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomers based on polyols such as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates such as binders formed by at least one of the following Elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicone acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water. On said layer (2a1) is In turn, continuously deposit a layer (9r) in a continuous process (2a2) consisting of acrylic compound, with polymerization subsequent by means of a power station by UV light (9). On the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) is then deposited the holographic deposit product, both in continuous process conventional vacuum vaporization as per one of the alternative differentiated deposit procedures by vacuum vaporization, already described above, of at least one of the holographic products that constitute the layer (2h) holographic transparent HRI, and where appropriate by vaporization in vacuum of Al (aluminum) of Ag (silver) or Bi (bismuth) that respectively it can constitute the holographic layer (2h) metallized, which is gradually demetallized by areas to obtain the desired degree of metallization density, such as It will be described later. In the next phase of the process, they are hot embossing, on the surface (2'h) of the layer (2h), the respective slits of the lines corresponding to holographic figures and logos (3).

The invention provides for the process of obtaining another possible holographic laminate structure that then it is described with the help of figures 3 and 4, and comprising a transparent oriented polycarbonate polyester sheet (1a) PC, or durable plastic, as support (carrier), on whose inner surface (2'a1) has previously been practiced corona discharge, and then deposited or print a thin film of silicone wax, or oil or natural vegetable wax preferably paraffin wax Carnauba On the mentioned surface of this thin film is deposit the layer. (2a2) which in this case may be constituted by acrylic compound or preferably by lacquer with additive that hardens previously with the action of the air and that polymerizes and finally hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation Said lacquer consists of at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its corresponding versions dilutable or emulsifiable in water. Then they are done, about the surface (2'a2) the grooves by hot etching (embossing) corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos holographic (3). Then on said surface (2'a2), and in continuous process PVD on coil (8a) in vaporization chamber in vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, by conventional procedure of deposit or by the PVD procedures described above, it produces the holographic deposit (2h) with at least one of the SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, or Al aluminum, Ag silver or bismuth products Bi, whose resulting surface (2'h) in turn is the layer holographic (2h).

In the next step of the process is deposited on the surface (2'h) a generic adhesive deposit, preferably polyurethane base adhesive (2plu) that adheres a PET-G modified derivative layer (1a1) or of polyester; this layer (1a1) may optionally be constituted by polyethylene, polypropylene, or by adhesive for paper passport and visas preferably by acid ethylene-acrylic and polyurethane derivatives and alternatively for at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives; the laminate thus constituted in coil (1st) figure 4, is submitted, in continuous process, by which by a heating station (3p) is separated the sheet of polyester (1a) and rewind in coil (1'r). Case of being the cape (2a2) thus deposited of an acrylic nature, prior to the process of cleaning and removal of paraffin wax in O2 plasma chamber in vacuum, also in continuous process posterior is deposited on the surface (2'a1), a layer of protection (not represented) preferably constituted by lacquer which polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the electronic radiation action, so that the lacquer is selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and acrylates oligomers as binders formed by at least one of The following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water.

It should be noted that the invention provides that for increase the adhesion between layers, as a previous stage of each one of the different deposit processes of both a layer, and of deposit of adhesive, as of deposit of holographic product, such as lacquer printing, or silicone derivative printing or vegetable wax, prior activation treatment of the corresponding surface selectively with vacuum plasma of oxygen, vacuum plasma of hydrogen H2, with the corresponding plasma of the deposit product, or with plasma atmospheric.

In the described deposit procedures selective metal of aluminum Al, silver Ag or bismuth Bi by vacuum or atmospheric pressure vaporization that constitutes the holographic layer (2h), the invention provides that said deposit is gradually demetalizes by surface areas (2h) to decrease the density of the metallic deposit of Al or Ag or Bi and make a specific surface area more transparent holographic (2h), as already indicated above. For this, on the holographic deposit layer (2h) is printed successively a corrosive of Al, or Ag, and where appropriate Bi and subsequently washed by covering the figures and logos  selectively from Al, Ag or Bi.

The layer of vegetable wax preferably of Carnauba wax-paraffin is removed from the surface (2'a2) through coil passage (8a) figure 7b, which contains the impression of the wax, through rollers (12rpc) hot pressure together with a roll (14) of paper that  has a reservoir of pressure sensitive glue (sticker adhesive) so that the rollers (12rpc) by the action of the pressure and heat transfer to paper (14) all the carnauba wax-paraffin and if possible holographic product residues that had adhered.

In the PDV deposit procedures of holographic product described above, it is also possible that the hot embossing process of the corresponding slits of the respective lines of the Figures and logos are made directly on the holographic layer (2h) prior deposit of the holographic product by vaporization. To do this by applying these deposit procedures already described the holographic product deposit is previously made on the limited lines and zones of the corresponding substrate, either directly on durable polyester or plastic sheet (1a) already be on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2), and a hot embossing of the corresponding slits coincidentally over the lines and areas selectively covered with the holographic product by vaporization as described below:

The holographic deposit (2h) either directly on the surface of the layer (1a), or on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) deposit process Continuous holographic on coil (8a) (Figures 1, 2 and 3), comprising: making a continuous impression of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos (3), selectively with wax emulsion of silicone, with silicone oil, with vegetable wax, preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin, covering all those remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) on which later they will not be recorded (embossing ) the figures and logos on the layer (2'a2), and leaving enough uncovered space on both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos that are subsequently to be engraved (em-
bossing); a PVD tank is then carried out by vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure, in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the removal and cleaning of the areas that were covered with continuous printing (17), selectively by passing the holographic structure (8b) through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, or through the application of a solvent of the silicone derivative to release the silicone derivative and, where appropriate, the carnauba wax-paraffin, together with the holographic product deposit that has been residual on it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the coil (8b) only deposit of holographic product (7) on the corresponding embossing lines of the logos figures (3); Then, the embossing of the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) or, where appropriate, is hot-embossing with metallic engraving tool (shims). of the surface (1a), in coil (8a) previously covered with holographic product tank.

Likewise in the procedure that described below with the help of figure 7, the deposit holographic (2h) either directly on the surface of the layer (1a), or on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is done by PVD process (physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) comprising: by means of a deposit chamber by vacuum vaporization (10) or at atmospheric pressure is performed vaporization, selectively by heating, by effect magnetron (sputtering), by ionic ray, by electron beam, or by arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7); the vaporized holographic product deposit being made through of perforations (16) of a selectively endless band metallic or plastic (12cp) that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) that flows through floodgates of slot (11cp); matching positioning correspondingly of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band, with the respective areas on which the slits have been positioned of the lines of the figures and logos (3) on the coil (8a); being the aforementioned perforations (16) wider and wider than the corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), for allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic tank and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2'a2) that contain the lines and areas of the respective embossing; and constantly crawls the tape (12cp) synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the tank chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the tape (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by an engine (13) governed by a processor that adjusts matching coil positioning (12cp) and coil (8a); pressing the laminate of the coil (8a) against the tape (12cp) during the passage of both through the camera (10) PVD tank by means of a constituted pressure system selectively by a plate (13sp) or by a band system with drive rollers (12r); then they are recorded (embossing) in hot with metal engraving tool (shims) the corresponding slits that constitute holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) with the layer (2a2) or, where appropriate, on the surface of the layer (1a) in coil (8a) already covered with the holographic product deposit; then rewinds in continuous in a coil (8b).

Also the previous procedures are apply in obtaining holographic laminates for documents, Identity and credit cards, passports and visas.

Similarly, the deposit limited by zones and holographic product lines by vacuum vaporization performed by the procedures described as part of the invention, applies directly to a constituted substrate (1st) constituted by durable plastic (preferably plastic) preferably by oriented polyester of a packaging or packaging surface or of packaging labels

Figure 1 shows the primary structure of an example of the invention, of the holographic laminate that forms part of the structure of the document, and that is constituted by a sheet (1a) of transparent oriented polyester, of PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic, such as carrier (carrier) on whose surface has previously been Practiced surface treatment by effect discharge crown and on which a thin layer (2a1) of generic primer for plastics, selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative and preferably said layer (2a1) is of lacquer that polymerizes that hardens by the action of UV light (ultra violet) or by the action of electronic radiation, the lacquer being constituted selectively by multifunctional monomer acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its dilutable versions and water emulsifiable, so that on said layer (2a1) deposit in turn a layer (2a2) of acrylic compound.

Figure 2 shows another structure primary as an example of holographic laminate of the invention that It is constituted by the sheet (1a) printed directly with thick lines the figures and logos (3) with lacquer that hardens by the UV light or by the action of electronic radiation constituting the printed layer (2a2). Alternatively, the invention provides for possibility that it is deposited directly on the sheet (1a) a continuous layer (2a2) of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the UV light action and selectively by radiation action electronics. In both cases the layer (2a2) is constituted selectively by multifunctional monomer acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone and its corresponding versions water soluble.

Of both holographic structures constituted as described in figures 1 and 2 a coil (8a) is obtained as shown in figure 7, which is processed by means of three differentiated alternative deposit procedures holographic product by vacuum or pressure vaporization atmospheric, both object of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which limit the deposit of the holographic product SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or Bi (bismuth) to zones and specific lines on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) to obtain a holographic laminate of both HRI type (high index reflection) as of the metallic type (A1), with subsequent encapsulation of the lines and zones of the holographic deposit corresponding to the slits that are hot embossing of the respective figures and logos (3) holographic.

In any of the described examples of holographic structure, the process of the invention performs encapsulation of product deposit areas and lines holographic holographic layer (2h), by adding respective of the configurations of layers on the surface (2'h) described below, based on the structures of figures 1 and 2:

Previously corona effect discharge is performed on the holographic face (2'h), and then on said surface is deposited a layer preferably with lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, so that said lacquer is constituted selectively by multifunctional monomer acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) and oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its corresponding versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water.

- Another possibility of encapsulation is shown in Figure 11, in which after the corona effect discharge was performed on the holographic face (2'h), then adhesive is applied (2plu) generic for plastics preferably bicomponent base polyurethane that adheres a layer (1a1) constituted by derivative modified PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol) and preferably by derivative PET-G modified with micronized carbon additive and selectively with titanium oxide additive and with inhibitor flame suppressor

- Figure 12 shows another possible encapsulated, in which effect discharge is previously performed crown and then on the holographic face (2'h), it hot deposit by coextrusion of the generic compound adherent layer-base (tie-layer) together with the modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol) and preferably derivative PET-G modified with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor and selectively with additive of titanium oxide, constituting the layer (1a2) of encapsulated

- In Figure 13, to perform the encapsulation, previously corona discharge is performed and then on the holographic face (2'h) is selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer (1g) selectively composed of at least one of the following Elements: Vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinylchloride chloride), acrylonitrile, derived from polyurethane.

- In Figure 14, to perform the encapsulation, previously corona discharge is performed and then on the holographic face (2'h), it is deposited selectively by hot injection, by printing off-set, by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer (1f) of thermo-adhesive preferably composed by ethylene-acrylic acid and derivatives of polyurethane or alternatively by at least two of the elements following: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the layer (1f) thus constituted thermolamine with the role of the data sheet of passport, visa or document in general.

- In figure 14a, as an alternative modality to perform the encapsulation, previously downloading of corona effect and then on the holographic face (2'h), it apply generic adhesive (2plu) for plastics preferably two-component polyurethane base that adheres the layer (1a1) consisting of a modified derivative sheet PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol) with or without additive micronized carbon that has embedded and integrated a chip of radio frequency (5c) with its antenna (5ant). Then you selectively deposited by hot injection, by off-set printing, by screen printing, or by extrusion, a layer (1f) already described, so that thermolaminate with the paper of the passport or visa data sheet or document in general, providing it with a security chip.

- In Figure 15, to perform the encapsulation, previously corona discharge is performed and then on the holographic face (2'h), it is deposited selectively by hot injection, or by extrusion, a layer (1c) made of polyolefin polymer thermoadhesive composed of polyethylene, modified polyethylene, or polypropylene.

The preferred embodiment of the invention also refers to the core structures of the compatible document with the holographic covers described above, so that a core (C) comprising a central assembly is constituted with 1 to n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of PET-G modified, Figure 16, one of whose layers can have an integrated radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant). Also the core includes two layers (1a1), for which about at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) is thermolaminated or a layer is extruded (1a1) of modified derivative PET-G with additive Generic for destructive laser beam engraving, or selectively of micronized carbon with flame suppressor suppressor. About the faces (4e, 4'e) of the layers (1a1) is deposited, after downloading corona effect, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, or by hot stamping, a layer (1g) throughout the surface, which is selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (chloride polyvinyldiene), acrylonitrile. On the surface (1g), it print the personalization of personal data and facial image by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

In addition, the preferred embodiment provides that the core (C) is formed by the structure as represented in the Figure 17, which is constituted by a central set with n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of modified PET-G. One of the PET-G core assembly layers may have integrated a radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant). On at least one of the faces (3e, 3'e) of the Central Assembly is thermolamine or a derivative layer (1a1) is extruded PET-G modified with generic additive for engraving by destructive laser beam, selectively of micronized carbon With suppressor flame inhibitor. On the faces (4e, 4'e) is deposit, prior discharge of corona effect, by one of the following procedures: extrusion, hot injection, silkscreen printing, corrosive printing, by thermo tank (hot stamping), a layer with a limited and concrete surface (4z) constituted by one of the following products:

- At least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, so that on the limited surface (4z) of the core, print personalization facial image and personal data by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation.

- By generic compound for printing with inkjet system, and alternatively containing jelly, for personalization with color injection printer from ink.

- For at least one of the following elements: of pure gelatin, of acrylic derivatives, of polymer derivatives of polyamide, or combination of them, so that the surface (4z) so cover is personalized with the facial image by the Reverse Broadcast Transfer photographic system by the that the negative carrier of the color or grayscale image, it is superimposed on the concrete surface (4z) and lightly applied pressure and in the presence of a photographic developer, in whose operation the facial image is transferred and if necessary the footprint, signature and text to the aforementioned limited area (4z).

To symmetrize and alleviate possible tensions that occur in the thermal lamination of the document or card identity, they integrate well in the middle of the nucleus (C) or both sides of it, a sheet of polyester or polycarbonate, for that constitutes a symmetrical structure of layers that or thermolaminate on both sides (3e, 3'e) of the Central Assembly of core (C) or is integrated in the middle of said core, constituted by the following components:

Symmetrically on both sides (3e, 3'e) of Central Assembly (C1, C2, ... Cn) of the core (C) as it is shown in Figures 19a and 19b, respectively adheres a layer structure symmetrically constituted by: a layer (1b) formed by a sheet of polyester or polycarbonate to both faces of which with generic adhesive or with base adhesive polyurethane (2plu) adheres on one side a layer (1a1) of PET-G optionally with additive for laser engraving, preferably micronized carbon, and adheres to the other side also urn layer (1a1) of PET-G drivate, with or without micronized carbon additive. On this last layer is then deposit the layer (1g) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile.

Integrated in the middle of the Central Set of core (C), as shown in figure 19 structure constituted by sheet (1b) of polyester or PC polycarbonate, on whose faces it adheres respectively with generic adhesive or with polyurethane base adhesive (2plu), an opaque layer (1a1) of modified derivative of PET-G.

It should also be noted that the invention provides for layout of a structure of the back cover of the document as shown in Figure 18, which is constituted by a sheet (1b) of polyester prior to corona discharge, on which the generic adhesive layer (2plu) is deposited for preferably polyurethane-based plastics to which it adheres PET-G modified derivative layer (1a1) selectively with micronized carbon additive and respectively with titanium oxide additive so that on the inside of the polyester sheet (1b) have been optionally made previous security impressions of logos, figures, shields, with W inks and OVI (optical variable ink) inks. The face (5i) of the PET-G derivative layer (1a1) is what is thermolamine directly to the respective core structure of the document or identity card.

Combining roof structures holographic with the respective core structures of document and with its corresponding back cover, which are object of the preferred embodiment, structures are obtained specific documents and identity cards as well as for your use in passports and visas, in which it is possible to use a single modality as well as a specific combination of document customization modalities.

Thus, by way of example, the following document structure configurations:

Figure 20.- represents one of the possible preferred identity document structures that result from combine the structures of the constituent elements object of the present invention, with personalization sobare the core combined both D2T2 color thermosublimation printing of the facial image of the holder on the inner side of the laminate Holographic front cover, as for customization by Laser beam engraving on both sides of the core data personal and ghost image. The structure shown in this Figure 20 has the tension compensation sheet inserted (1b) polyester (or PC) in the center of the core.

Figure 21.- shows by way of example another of the possible preferred identity document structures that result from combining the structures of the elements constitutives object of the present invention, with customization combined with both D2T2 color thermosublimation printing of the facial image of the holder on the specific surface area limited, such as customization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the personal data and the phantom image in the front of the document and printing of thermosublimation or Termoresina on the back face. In the center of the core has integrated tension compensation sheet (1b) of polyester (or from PC).

Figure 22.- shows by way of example another of the possible preferred identity document structures that result from combining the structures of the elements constitutives object of the present invention, with customization combined on the core surface both color printing D2T2 thermosublimation of the phantom image, as of Customization by laser beam engraving on both sides of the personal data and the facial image of the owner about the area Limited surface specific. The structure is equipped with polyester (or PC) tension compensation sheets integrated on both sides of the document core.

To make possible the application of structures Customized CLI (Changing Laser Image) lenticular engraving with destructive laser beam preformed and engraved on the surface outside of the document covers, it is expected that constituent elements of at least one of the layers: layer (1a) of polyester protective sheet, layer (2a1) both constituted by polymerizable lacquer by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation as a primer layer (2a1) and selectively to the layer (2a2) of the acrylic derivatives of the respective holographic laminate of both transparent and HRI type of metallic type a generic additive is added to its mass laser engraving and selectively carbon additive micronized with flame suppressor inhibitor, to perform the custom engraving of surface structures by laser beam destructive (burning).

Also the preferred embodiment of the invention explicitly provides that holographic structures and the corresponding deposit procedures limited by holographic product zones and lines Szn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, preferably Al (aluminum), Bi (bismuth) or Ag (silver) by vacuum vaporization, object of the present invention are applicable directly on substrate (1a) (figures l and 2), consisting of durable oriented polyester or durable plastic (durable plastics) so that such substrates are hot etched with high pressure (hard embossing) with the respective slits corresponding to the lines of holographic figures and logos They want to produce. This technology has a very application immediate and extensive in the production of packaging and packaging as well as holographic labels for holographic packaging protection High security for medicines, multimedia items and specific consumption etc ...

Claims (25)

1. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, which comprises obtaining a holographic structure, both of transparent HRI type (high index reflection) and of metallic holographic laminated type, which includes a deposit of a holographic product (7) that forms a holographic layer (2h); It is characterized in that the holographic product is deposited selectively by means of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), or silver (Ag); and because said deposit is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on a surface of a layer (1a) selected from durable plastic (polycarbonate) or oriented polyester; or on a surface (2'a2) of a layer (2a2), selected from acrylic or lacquer derivative that polymerizes and hardens by the selective action of ultraviolet (UV) light or by the action of electronic radiation. 2. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by PVD process (physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a), comprising: hot embossing, with metal engraving tool (shims), indentations that constitute holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2 ) of the layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then make a continuous impression of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos (3), selectively with silicone wax emulsion, with silicone oil, with vegetable wax, preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin , covering all remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) on which the figures and logos on the layer (2'a2) have not been engraved (embossing), and leaving enough uncovered space to both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos; a PVD tank is then carried out selectively by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the removal and cleaning of the areas that were covered with continuous printing (17) is carried out, selectively by passing the holographic structure through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, or by applying a solvent of the silicone derivative to release the silicone derivative and, if necessary, the carnauba wax-paraffin, together with the holographic product deposit that has been left over it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the coil (8b) only deposit of holographic product (7) on the corresponding embossing lines of the logos figures (3). 3. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic product is deposited by selectively vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure on sheets (8pe) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2 ) of holographic laminate; for which the holographic laminate is cut into sheets (8pe), each of which is hot embossed by means of metal engraving tool (shims) of slits that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3); It is then selectively printed, with silicone derivative, or with vegetable wax, preferably carnauba wax-paraffin, on all surface areas (2'a2) on both sides of the lines and areas where they have been embossed in heat the indentations of the lines of the figures and logos; then the sheets are introduced in a stacker-feeder (12stf) that by means of roller sets (12'r) individually transports each sheet, through a slot gate (11ce) and supported by lateral guides provided with wheels of drag, to a chamber (10) selectively of vacuum PVD vaporization or atmospheric pressure of the holographic product (7), in which it is selectively vaporized by heating, by magnetron (sputtering), by phonic ray, by electron beam, or by arch; to produce the holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) covering only the areas that have previously been recorded (embossing) and that are free of silicone derivative printing and, if necessary, carnauba wax-paraffin; then the sheets (8ps) already provided with holographic deposit are transported by the respective drive wheels of the lateral guides and by the rollers (12'r) to an output stacker (12sto); the rollers (12'r) being synchronously driven by a stepper motor (13eng) which is controlled by a processor by means of printed step and positioning marks provided in each sheet (8pe) as it passes through optoelectronic sensors (11s); then the sheets (8ps) are cleaned in a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma O2 where the silicone derivative, or if necessary, the carnauba wax-paraffin from the respective printed areas. 4. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic deposit (2h) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by PVD process (physical vapor deposition) of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) comprising: hot embossing with metal engraving tool (shims) grooves that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) in coil (8a); then, by means of a deposit chamber (10) by selectively vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, the vaporization is carried out, selectively by heating, by magnetron (sputtering), by ionic beam, by electron beam, or by arc, of at less a holographic deposit product (7); the vaporized holographic product deposit being made through perforations (16) of a selectively metallic or plastic endless band (12cp) that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) flowing through slot gates (11cp) correspondingly matching the positioning of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band, with the respective areas on which the grooves of the lines of the lines have been positioned figures and logos (3) on the coil (8a); the aforementioned perforations (16) being wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2) 'a2) containing the lines and areas of the respective embossing; and the tape (12cp) is constantly dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the reservoir chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the belt (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching positioning of the coil (12cp) and the coil (8a); the laminate of the coil (8a) being pressed against the belt (12cp) during the passage of both through the PVD deposit chamber (10) by means of a pressure system constituted selectively by a plate (13sp) or by a belt system with rollers drag and rewinds continuously in a coil (8b). 5. Procedure for obtaining integral plastic structure according to claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the holographic laminate is constituted by a sheet (1a) selectively of transparent oriented polyester, PC polycarbonate, or durable plastic (durable plastic) , as carrier (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge has previously been performed and on which a primer layer (2a1) selectively formed by a grid of fine lines or points is deposited with a printing system (6), with lacquer with additive

 \ hbox {(touch-} 

air-hardener) for pre-drying by the action of atmospheric air and selectively polymerizing and hardening by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, the lacquer being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents ( thinners) or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy-acrylate, polyester-

 \ hbox {acrylate,} 

polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and its versions dilutable and emulsifiable in water, so that on said layer (2a1) it is deposited in continuous hot process ( 9r) a layer (2a2) constituted by acrylic compound, with subsequent polymerization by means of a UV light station (9), and on the surface of the layer (2a2) the embossing of the indentations is then carried out they constitute the holographic figures and logos (3); then the transparent holographic layer (2h) transparent HRI, Al (aluminum), Ag (silver) or Bi (bismuth), which is demetalized by zones, is deposited by selective vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure. 6. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure according to claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the holographic laminate is obtained by means of a sheet (1a) as a support (carrier) on whose surface a corona effect discharge is made and then a thin primer film (2a1) is deposited selectively of vegetable wax, preferably of carnauba wax-paraffin, and then on the surface of said film (2a1) a layer (2a2) is selectively deposited of acrylic compound, of polymerizing lacquer and selectively hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation; the lacquer being formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and their dilute and water emulsifiable versions; on whose surface (2'a2) an embossing of the figures and logos is made, so that then in continuous process PVD selectively in a vacuum vaporization chamber or at atmospheric pressure the holographic deposit (2h) is produced at minus one of the products SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum Al, Ag or Bi; and then an adhesive, preferably polyurethane base adhesive (2plu), which adheres the layer (1a1), selectively of modified derivative PET-G, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, is deposited on the surface (2'h) of the holographic layer. or of thermoadhesively selectively composed of ethylene-acrylic acid and polyurethane derivatives, or at least two of the following elements: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives; then winding the holographic laminate thus obtained in a coil (1r) which, by means of a heating station (3p), is subjected in a continuous process to separate the polyester sheet (1a), which is rewound into a coil (1'r) ; after cleaning in plasma O2 and in a continuous continuous process, it is deposited on a surface (2'a1) of the layer (2a2), when the layer (2a2) is of an acrylic nature, a protective layer preferably constituted by lacquer that selectively polymerizes and hardens by the action of light W or by the action of electronic radiation, the lacquer being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners), or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and its water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions. 7. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that as a previous stage of each of the processes of deposit of a layer, of adhesive deposit, deposit of holographic product, lacquer printing, printing with derivative of silicone or oil, pretreatment of the corresponding surface is applied selectively with O2 oxygen vacuum plasma, H2 hydrogen vacuum plasma, with the corresponding plasma of the reservoir product, or with atmospheric plasma. 8. Procedure for obtaining a structure integral plastic according to the preceding claims characterized in that the selective metallic deposit of aluminum Al, Ag silver or Bi bismuth by selective vaporization under vacuum or at atmospheric pressure that constitutes the holographic layer (2h), is gradually demetalizes by surface areas (2h) to decrease the density of the metal deposit of Al or Bi and make more transparent a specific area of the holographic surface (2h) on which a corrosive of Al is printed successively and in its case of the Bi and subsequently washed covering areas figures and logos selectively of Al, Ag or Bi. 9. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure, according to claims 2 and 6, characterized in that the layer of vegetable wax preferably of carnauba wax-paraffin is removed from the surface (2'a2) by means of the passage of the reel (8a) which contains it through hot pressure rollers (12rpc) together with a paper reel (14) that has a reservoir of pressure sensitive glue (sticker adhesive) so that the rollers (12rpc) by the action of the pressure and heat transfer to the paper (14) all the carnauba wax-paraffin and, if necessary, the possible holographic product residues that had adhered. 10. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic deposit (2h) selectively made on the surface of the layer (1a) or on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) process of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a), which comprises: making a continuous printing of areas (17) around the lines that form the figures and logos ( 3), selectively with silicone wax emulsion, with silicone oil, with vegetable wax, preferably with carnauba wax-paraffin, covering all remaining areas of the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) on which subsequently, the figures and logos on the layer (2'a2) will not be engraved (embossing), and leaving enough space without covering both sides of the embossing lines of the figures and logos that are subsequently left to record

 \ hbox {(embossing);} 

a PVD tank is then carried out selectively by vacuum vaporization or atmospheric pressure, in a continuous conventional process of obtaining a continuous holographic layer (2h); then the removal and cleaning of the areas that were covered with continuous printing (17) is carried out, selectively by passing the holographic structure through a vacuum chamber with oxygen plasma in continuous process, or by applying a solvent of the silicone derivative to release the silicone derivative and, if necessary, the carnauba wax-paraffin, together with the holographic product deposit that has been left over it; containing the holographic surface (2'h) of the coil (8b) only deposit of holographic product (7) on the corresponding embossing lines of the logos figures (3); Then, the embossing of the holographic figures and logos (3) selectively on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) or on the surface is engraved (hot embossing) with hot metal engraving tool (shims). surface (1a) in coil (8a), previously covered with holographic product tank. 11. Method of obtaining an integral plastic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the holographic deposit (2h) selectively made on the surface of the layer (1a) or on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) of a holographic structure, is carried out by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) process of continuous holographic deposit on coil (8a) comprising: by means of a chamber (10) of selective deposition by vacuum vaporization or at atmospheric pressure the vaporization is carried out, selectively by heating, by magnetron effect (sputtering), by phonic ray, by electron beam, or by arc, of at least one holographic deposit product (7); the vaporized holographic product deposit being made through perforations (16) of a selectively metallic or plastic endless band (12cp) that rotates continuously dragged by rollers (12r) and in permanent contact with the surface (2'a2) of the coil (8a) flowing through slot gates (11cp); the positioning of the repetitive perforations (16) of the endless band correspondingly corresponds, with the respective areas on which the grooves of the lines of the figures and logos (3) in the coil (8a) have been positioned; the aforementioned perforations (16) being wider and wider than those corresponding to the lines of the figures and logos (3), to allow the passage through the perforations of the vaporized holographic deposit and cover the corresponding areas on the surface (2) 'a2) containing the lines and areas of the respective embossing; and the tape (12cp) is constantly dragged synchronously with the coil (8a) as it passes through the reservoir chamber (10), and by means of optoelectronic sensors (12) preprinted marks are detected on said coil (8a) and on the belt (12cp), which have the same width as the coil (8a), which is driven by a motor (13) governed by a processor that adjusts the matching positioning of the coil (12cp) and the coil (8a); the laminate of the coil (8a) being pressed against the belt (12cp) during the passage of both through the PVD deposit chamber (10) by means of a pressure system constituted selectively by a plate (13sp) or by a belt system with rollers drag then the corresponding indentations that constitute the holographic figures and logos (3) selectively on the surface (2'a2) of the layer (2a2) or on the surface (1a) are etched (embossing) hot with metal engraving tool (shims) ) in coil (8a), previously covered with holographic product tank; then it is continuously rewound in a coil (8b). 12. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure according to previous claims, characterized in that it is applied in obtaining documents, identity and credit cards, passports and visas. 13. Procedure for obtaining an integral plastic structure according to claims 2 or 4, characterized in that the deposit limited by zones and lines of holographic product, is applied directly on a layer (1a) selectively of a container, packaging surface, or of a packaging label 14. Integral plastic structure, comprising a holographic structure, selectively of transparent HRI type (high reflection index) or of metallic holographic laminate, which includes a deposit of a holographic product (7) that forms a holographic layer (2h); It is characterized in that the holographic layer (2h) is selectively composed of SZn, TiOx, SiOx, ZrOx, aluminum (Al), bismuth (Si), or silver (Ag) and is limited only to specific areas and lines selectively on a surface of a layer (1a) selected from durable plastic, polycarbonate (PC) or oriented polyester; or on a surface (2'a2) of a layer (2a2), selected from acrylic derivative or lacquer that polymerizes and hardens by the selective action of ultraviolet light (W) or by the action of electronic radiation. 15. Integral plastic structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the holographic laminate is constituted by a sheet (1a) as a carrier (carrier) on whose surface after a corona discharge, a thin layer (2a1) of plastic primer is deposited, selectively consisting of at least one of the following elements: vinyl compound, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, polyurethane derivative, lacquer that selectively polymerizes and hardens by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation; said lacquer being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone, and its water-dilutable and emulsifiable versions, such that a layer (2a2) of acrylic compound is deposited on said layer (2a1). 16. Integral plastic structure, according to claim 14, characterized in that the holographic laminate is constituted by a sheet (1a) as a support (carrier) on whose surface and after a corona effect discharge is made; the figures and logos (3) with lacquer that selectively hardens by UV light or by electronic radiation are selectively printed directly with thick lines; to constitute the printed layer (2a2); or a continuous layer (2a2) of lacquer is deposited directly that polymerizes and hardens selectively by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation; in both cases the layer (2a2) being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomeric acrylates based on polyols as reactive diluents (thinners) or oligomeric acrylates as binders formed by at least one of the following elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, methane acrylate, silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy silicone and their corresponding water soluble versions; including on said surface (2'a2) the holographic product deposit (2h). 17. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14,15 or 16, characterized in that the holographic deposit lines and zones of the holographic layer (2h) on the holographic surface (2'h) and the surface areas (2'a2 ) not covered by said holographic deposit are encapsulated; said encapsulation being carried out prior corona discharge by the selective addition of: a layer of lacquer that polymerizes and hardens selectively by the action of UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, the lacquer being selectively constituted by multifunctional monomers based on polyols such as reactive diluents (thinners) or oligomeric acrylates such as binders formed by at least one of the following Elements: epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether: r-acrylate, methane-acrylate,  silicon acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy-silicone, and its dilutable versions and water emulsifiable; one layer of adhesive (2plu) for plastics preferably two component polyurethane base on which adheres a layer (1a1), selectively of modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol), of modified derivative PET-G with micronized carbon additive, or titanium oxide additive with flame suppressor inhibitor; a layer (1a2) selectively constituted by a base-layer adherent compound (tie-layer) together with modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol), or by a modified derivative PET-G with micronized carbon additive selectively with flame suppressor inhibitor, or with additive titanium oxide; which is hot deposited by coextrusion; a layer (1g) selectively constituted by at minus one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride) acrylonitrile, or derivative of polyurethane; which is selectively deposited by injection into hot, off-set printing, screen printing, or by extrusion; a layer (1f) of composite thermo adhesive selectively by ethylene-acrylic acid or by minus two of the following elements: gelatin, derivatives Acrylics, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, which is selectively deposited by hot injection, off-set printing, screen printing, or by extrusion, to heat laminate the layer (1f) with a paper of a data sheet of a passport, visa or document; a sheet (1a1) of derivative is adhered modified PET-G which has an integrated chip radiofrequency (5c) with flat antenna (5ant), and on said sheet PET-G is deposited selectively, by hot injection, off-set printing, printing serigraphic, or by extrusion, a layer (1f) of thermoadhesive Selectively composed of ethylene-acrylic acid and polyurethane derivatives, or by at least two of the elements following: gelatin, acrylic derivatives, acrylic acids, polyamide and polyurethane derivatives, so that the layer (1f) thus constituted thermolamine with a paper from a data sheet of passport or document; a layer (1c) of polymer thermo adhesive polyolefin selectively composed of polyethylene, polyethylene modified, or by polypropylene, which is selectively deposited by hot injection, or extrusion. 18. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14,15,16 or 17 characterized in that it comprises a central assembly with n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of modified PET-G that are part of a core (C), which selectively in one of its layers includes an integrated radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant), and on at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) selectively heat-laminate or extrude a layer (1a1), selectively PET-G modified derivative with generic additive for destructive laser beam etching, or micronized carbon with flame inhibitor suppressor; depositing on the faces (4e, 4'e) of the layer (1a) over the entire surface, prior to corona discharge, selectively by extrusion, hot injection, screen printing, corrosive printing, or by hot stamping, a layer (1g) selectively constituted by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, and on the surface (1g) a personalization of personal data and facial image is printed by D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation. 19. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14,15,16,17 or 18, characterized in that it comprises a core (C) formed by a central assembly with n layers (C1, C2, ... Cn) of modified PET-G , which selectively one of its layers integrates a radio frequency chip (5c) with antenna (5ant), and that at least one of its faces (3e, 3'e) is selectively thermolaminated or a layer (1a1) selectively extruded from PET-G modified derivative with generic additive for engraving by destructive laser beam, or from micronized carbon with flame inhibitor suppressant, on whose faces (4e, 4'e) is deposited, after corona discharge, selectively by extrusion, injection into hot, screen printing, corrosive printing, or hot stamping; a layer with a limited and concrete surface (4z) selectively constituted by: at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene cycloide), acrylonitrile, on whose limited surface (4z) of the core, the image is printed facial and personal data through D2T2 color printing of thermosublimation; a conventional compound on which it is printed selectively by inkjet or containing gelatin, customization with color inkjet printer; at least one of the following elements: pure gelatin, of acrylic derivatives, polymer derivatives of liamide, or combination thereof, whose surface area (4z) is personalized with facial image and personal data through Reverse Broadcast Transfer photographic system by the that selectively the negative bearer of the color image or in grayscale, overlaps on the concrete surface (4z) and applying light pressure and in the presence of a developer photographic, personalization is transferred. 20. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14, 15, 16, 17, 16 and 19 characterized in that at least one of the faces (3e, 3e ') of the Core Core Assembly (C) comprises a customization made selectively with laser beam destructive (burning) or with color thermo-sublimation printing and at least one of said faces (3e, 3e ') of said core is thermolaminated with the holographic laminate (2h) to which it has been added on its surface (2'h) selectively a layer configuration selected from: a coat of lacquer. constituted by lacquer that polymerizes and hardens selectively by the action of light ultraviolet (W) or by electronic radiation; one layer of adhesive (2plu) for plastics preferably two component polyurethane base on which adheres a sheet (1a1), selectively of modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol), or modified derivative PET-G with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, or with titanium oxide additive; a coextruded layer (1a2) with a compound selectively adherent layer-base (tie-layer) together with modified derivative PET-G (taraphthalate polyethylene glycol), or modified derivative PET-G with micronized carbon additive with flame suppressor inhibitor, or with titanium oxide additive; a layer (1g) selectively constituted by at minus one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile, or derivative of polyurethane; a sheet (1a1) of modified derivative PET-G that has an integrated chip radio frequency (5c) with flat antenna (5ant), or a layer (1c) of polymer thermo adhesive polyolefin; so that the holographic layer is burned and damaged irreversibly when trying to modify and retouch, by laser engraved through the holographic layer (2h), the facial image features and personal data originally Engraved directly with laser beam on the core. 21. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14-20, characterized in that it comprises a symmetrical structure of layers that are selectively thermolaminated on both sides (3e, 3'e), of the central assembly (C1, C2, ... Cn) of the core (C) or is integrated in the middle of the central assembly of said core (C); said layers being constituted, in the event that they are heat-laminated on both sides (3e, 3e '), by a sheet (1b) selectively of polyester or polycarbonate, on whose faces they are adhered by means of adhesive (2plu), preferably of polyurethane base , each layer (1a1) of PET-G modified derivative selectively with additive for laser engraving, with micronized carbon, or with micronized carbon additive, and on the outer faces of the layers (1a1) a constituted layer (1g) is deposited selectively by at least one of the following elements: vinyl derivative, PVDC (polyvinyldiene chloride), acrylonitrile; or if it is integrated in the middle of the core core assembly (C), the structure consists of a sheet (lb) selectively of polyester or PC polycarbonate, on whose faces it is adhered with adhesive, preferably with base adhesive polyurethane (2plu), an opaque layer (1a1) of modified derivative of PET-G. 22. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14-21, characterized in that the back cover of a document is constituted by a sheet (1b) of polyester on which, after discharge of corona effect, a layer (2plu) of adhesive is deposited for preferably polyurethane-based plastics to which a layer (1a1) of PET-G modified derivative is selectively adhered with micronized carbon additive or with titanium oxide additive, including the inner side of the sheet (1b) selectively prints of security of logos, figures or shields, which are made with UV inks and OVI (optical variable ink) inks. 23. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14-22, characterized in that it comprises a thermo-laminated combination of a holographic structure, of a core and a back cover to obtain specific structures of documents, identity cards, passports and visas. 24. Integral plastic structure according to claims 14-22, characterized in that the constituent elements of at least one of the layers: polyester layer (1a) of the protective sheet, layer (2a1) constituted by lacquer selectively polymerizable by the action of the UV light or by the action of electronic radiation, primer layer (2a1), or the layer (2a2) of the acrylic derivatives of the respective holographic laminate of both transparent and metallic HRI type, is added in its mass selectively a generic additive for laser engraving or a micronized carbon additive with a flame suppressor inhibitor, for custom engraving of structures on the surface by destructive laser beam (burning). 25. Integral plastic structure according to claim 14, characterized in that the layer (1a) is selectively of a packaging or packaging surface, or packaging label selectively constituted by oriented polyester or durable plastic.